136 lines
17 KiB
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136 lines
17 KiB
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<document id="05AB75592CC4FF3F620043C7DA8AC032" ID-CLB-Dataset="2968" ID-DOI="10.11646/palaeoentomology.4.6.13" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5323143f-4530-4bd7-a643-9b34fc48c2d7" ID-ISSN="2624-2834" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5778510" ID-ZooBank="9924541E-6D36-4B6C-85B1-F12EF6830012" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1639468984953" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Manukyan, Andranik R. & Zhindarev, Leonid A." docDate="2021" docId="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFECCF8CD" docLanguage="en" docName="palaeoentomology.4.6.13.pdf" docOrigin="Palaeoentomology 4 (6)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E.4:Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleId="4EE6FD780FF4521D541D0D0600705D0E" docStyleName="Palaeoentomology.2018-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Townesitinae Kasparyan 1994" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="639" masterDocId="734DEF3CFF98FFF5FF83FA40FF85FFD9" masterDocTitle="Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber" masterLastPageNumber="647" masterPageNumber="637" pageNumber="639" updateTime="1719815923906" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:mods id="82E9AC7C75F77A53D25D1A977366BB12" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="2E9DD6098CCCF11128FAFD3AD3919ECF">
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<mods:title id="0AABC8E2162D1755A03522E2D78C4C6E">Fossil Darwin wasps (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae) from Baltic amber</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="2B192CCF5263E44CC345AD2F2B055B96" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="4A73473E2F1C1D2A49C161E46D6BAC37">Manukyan, Andranik R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="361B4EB90FBDE6AF02E7F3E0FE87B93E">Kaliningrad Amber Museum, Marshal Vasilevskiy Square 1, Kaliningrad 236016, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="15AD7C52DAADC317B4621189FF9469F7" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0628BA65C3BDCDD30EEAF44932BD029A">Zhindarev, Leonid A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="90AEE068C05C0AB093EF5FFD6B20FB00">Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye Gory, 1, GSP- 1, Moscow 119991, Russia</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="60F9C3E5AE507C72445A3E74EA21F6B9">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="FE140DDA88FCD37A027F00B895DAE138">Palaeoentomology</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="4856494FCE85BA209D43DC6F6A5C831A">
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<mods:date id="29E4D5B8DD2578FB89EB19763E4151BB">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="C4F35EC54FC2C8C9C3FABDF3DEDEED85">2021-12-14</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="A50E65B81E901FA989C71BFC0E72E4ED">4</mods:number>
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<treatment id="8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFECCF8CD" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5779996" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191561963" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5779996" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFECCF8CD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F749744FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFECCF8CD" lastPageNumber="639" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFDF2FBAD" box="[136,631,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFDF2FBAD" blockId="2.[136,631,1114,1140]" box="[136,631,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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<heading id="5C2A913EFF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFDF2FBAD" box="[136,631,1114,1140]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" reason="2">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF0BFE1AFDF2FBAD" bold="true" box="[136,631,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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Subfamily
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE8AFE1AFDF2FBAD" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[265,631,1114,1140]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Townesitinae">
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Townesitinae
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FE2EFE1AFDF2FBAD" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[429,631,1114,1140]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4FC775D9FF9AFFF7FF0BFEE1FECCF8CD" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="07622652FF9AFFF7FF0BFEE1FECCF8CD" blockId="2.[136,778,1185,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">
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This is an extinct subfamily known from Baltic amber and Bembridge have been described. Undescribed taxa were reported also from the Tadushi Formation (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD05FEA8FF71FAFC" author="Kopylov, D. S. & Spasojevic, T. & Klopfstein, S." pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="319 - 330" refId="ref7243" refString="Kopylov, D. S., Spasojevic, T. & Klopfstein, S. (2018) New ichneumonids (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) from the Eocene Tadushi Formation, Russian Far East. Zootaxa, 4442 (2), 319 - 330. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4442.2.8" type="journal article" year="2018">
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Kopylov
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FD76FEA8FF1BFAFC" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">et al</emphasis>
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., 2018
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</bibRefCitation>
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). They are numerous in Baltic amber and are second in number only to cryptines and pherhombines— more than 18% according to our own data. The subfamily is represented in Baltic amber by five species from four genera (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FEAAFFD9FE73FA6A" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[297,502,1433,1459]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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):
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FD91FFD9FEC3FA0F" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Rasnitsynites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tarsalis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FD91FFD9FC8FFA6B" box="[530,778,1432,1458]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Rasnitsynites tarsalis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF0BFFFCFEC3FA0F" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[136,326,1468,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FECDFFFCFD4CFA0F" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[334,713,1468,1494]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Lygurella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tibialis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FECDFFFCFD8EFA0F" box="[334,523,1468,1494]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Lygurella tibialis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD8DFFFCFD4CFA0F" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[526,713,1468,1494]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(tribe
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FF0BFF9FFEADFA23" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[136,296,1503,1530]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Rasnitsynitini">Rasnitsynitini</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FECFFFA0FF46F9C4" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Townesites" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="mandibularis">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FECFFFA0FDF6FA20" box="[332,627,1503,1529]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Townesites mandibularis</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD08FFA0FF46F9C4" author="Kasparyan, D. R." pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FF53FC43FDE3F9C4" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[208,614,1539,1565]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Marjorietta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF53FC43FE1BF9C5" box="[208,414,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Marjorietta minor</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FE24FC43FDE3F9C4" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[423,614,1539,1565]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FD23FC43FECCF999" authority="Kasparyan, 1994" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Marjorietta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="major">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FD23FC43FC8FF9C5" box="[672,778,1539,1564]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">M. major</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF0BFC66FECCF999" author="Kasparyan, D. R." box="[136,329,1574,1600]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="114 - 126" refId="ref6433" refString="Kasparyan, D. R. (1994) A review of the ichneumon flies of Townesitinae subfam. nov. from the Baltic amber. Paleontological Journal, 28, 114 - 126." type="journal article" year="1994">Kasparyan, 1994</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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(tribe
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE18FC66FDA1F998" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[411,548,1574,1601]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="tribe" tribe="Townesitini">Townesitini</taxonomicName>
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); the most common species is
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FE83FC0AFEE9F9BA" authorityName="Kasparyan" authorityYear="1994" box="[256,364,1610,1635]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Marjorietta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minor">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE83FC0AFEE9F9BA" box="[256,364,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">M. minor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Two species,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FD98FC0AFEB1F95E" authority="Khalaim, 2014" authorityName="Khalaim" authorityYear="2014" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Marjorietta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="gigantea">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FD98FC0AFC8FF9BA" box="[539,778,1610,1635]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Marjorietta gigantea</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF0BFC2DFEB1F95E" author="Khalaim, A. I." box="[136,308,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="344 - 360" refId="ref6631" refString="Khalaim, A. I. (2014) Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802. In: Antropov, A. V., Belokobylskij, S. A., Compton, S. G., Dlussky, G. M., Khalaim, A. I., Kolyada, V. A., Kozlov, M. A., Perfilieva, K. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2014) The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104, 344 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691014000103" type="journal article" year="2014">Khalaim, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FEF6FC2DFD53F95E" authority="(Cockerell, 1921)" baseAuthorityName="Cockerell" baseAuthorityYear="1921" box="[373,726,1645,1671]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Marjorietta" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="disrupta">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FEF6FC2DFE09F95F" box="[373,396,1645,1670]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FE23FC2DFE78F95E" box="[416,509,1645,1671]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">disrupta</emphasis>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FD92FC2DFD4BF95E" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[529,718,1645,1671]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref6168" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1921) Some Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59 (1922), 29 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2358.29" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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, are known from Bembridge marls, and another species,
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FF0BFCF4FD8AF914" authority="Cockerell, 1921" authorityName="Cockerell" authorityYear="1921" box="[136,527,1715,1742]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Acourtia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="perplexa">
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<emphasis id="35A9FA40FF9AFFF7FF0BFCF4FED6F914" box="[136,339,1715,1742]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="639">Acourtia perplexa</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FED9FCF3FD8AF914" author="Cockerell, T. D. A." box="[346,527,1715,1741]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="29 - 39" refId="ref6168" refString="Cockerell, T. D. A. (1921) Some Eocene insects from Colorado and Wyoming. Proceedings of the United States National Museum, 59 (1922), 29 - 39. https: // doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00963801.59 - 2358.29" type="journal article" year="1921">Cockerell, 1921</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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, was described from a single forewing and is tentatively placed in
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<taxonomicName id="C0DD5DD1FF9AFFF7FDF6FC97FEC0F8CD" authority="(Khalaim, 2014)" authorityName="Manukyan & Zhindarev" authorityYear="2021" baseAuthorityName="Khalaim" baseAuthorityYear="2014" pageId="2" pageNumber="646" rank="subFamily" status="subfam. nov." subFamily="Townesitinae">
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Townesitinae (
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<bibRefCitation id="634C5BA3FF9AFFF7FF13FCBAFEB8F8CD" author="Khalaim, A. I." box="[144,317,1786,1812]" pageId="2" pageNumber="639" pagination="344 - 360" refId="ref6631" refString="Khalaim, A. I. (2014) Family Ichneumonidae Latreille, 1802. In: Antropov, A. V., Belokobylskij, S. A., Compton, S. G., Dlussky, G. M., Khalaim, A. I., Kolyada, V. A., Kozlov, M. A., Perfilieva, K. S. & Rasnitsyn, A. P. (2014) The wasps, bees and ants (Insecta: Vespida = Hymenoptera) from the Insect Limestone (Late Eocene) of the Isle of Wight, UK. Earth and Environmental Science Transactions of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, 104, 344 - 360. https: // doi. org / 10.1017 / S 1755691014000103" type="journal article" year="2014">Khalaim, 2014</bibRefCitation>
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)
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |