269 lines
40 KiB
XML
269 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1188-125" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" ID-ZooBank="997ADB92AFA7497982A2B81C00EF3AEA" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1188-125" checkinTime="1704768536908" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Miller, Kelly B., Michat, Mariano C. & Ferreira Jr, Nelson" docDate="2024" docId="8F1795ACACC05B4FA5C50BA82BD97C67" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1188: 125-168" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1188" docPubDate="2024-01-08" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081" docTitle="Megadytes Sharp 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="1" id="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" lastPageNumber="125" masterDocId="FD00287A8052513C815877D5359D01A1" masterDocTitle="Reclassification of Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880 in the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae), with description of new taxa" masterLastPageNumber="168" masterPageNumber="125" pageNumber="125" updateTime="1704768536908" updateUser="pensoft">
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<mods:title id="1D07DEC40B6447AE556AD291919A53FC">Reclassification of Cybistrinae Sharp, 1880 in the Neotropical Region (Coleoptera, Adephaga, Dytiscidae), with description of new taxa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="6DF4221993FF87227F9828C3A724C73A">Miller, Kelly B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E9D81503A550AF450CD786B7339CEEFA">Department of Biology and Museum of Southwestern Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131 - 0001, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="0BB18D1996C94DD18B1AB2783EC9A1E7">Michat, Mariano C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="050D69DF387D353F80C697C60C9F799A">Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biologia Experimental y Aplicada, CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C3D040137D8A9262324C79B0AC1E5BD6">Ferreira Jr, Nelson</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="01F464EC4858DC1C9BA6D4DB584EB7A9">Laboratorio de Entomologia, Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasi</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="91BB1A47FBDA1850C1AB1EFA0609A77A">2024</mods:date>
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<subSubSection id="9430CC0773001352AF72FEBC8869F04A" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="9A5171572EE5BE89F36B8B7B873FB27D" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="1CDF4F81BE174F416AFDA21801BC6FE5" ID-CoL="5MNZ" LSID="8F1795AC-ACC0-5B4F-A5C5-0BA82BD97C67" authority="Sharp, 1882" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megadytes Sharp, 1882</taxonomicName>
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<subSubSection id="19691A7A3DB6B4D023F66DBE3833A4ED" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BC888EFBEF6A9F9A9ABB70A7B4A589AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<figureCitation id="3D19B4730AC42912DB7D5DA8ECF3D0EE" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Cybistrinae morphological features 1 Bifurcitus lherminieri, right metatibia, posterior surface 2 Bifurcitus lherminieri, left metaleg, anterior surface 3 Trifurcitus robustus, left metaleg, anterior surface 4 Metaxydytes fraternus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 5 Cybister tripunctatus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 6 Megadytes latus, left half of metaventrite and left metacoxa (WV = metaventrite wing width, WC = metacoxal width) 7 Cybister tripunctatus, right metathoracic wing 8 Trifurcitus robustus, right metatrochanter, ventral surface. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963583" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Figs 6</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="806D0BC1BF12A13A7A0122218C1BFF19" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, habitus 9 Cybister festae 10 Cybister puncticollis 11 Nilssondytes diversus 12 Megadytes parvus 13 Megadytes latus 14 species " IR 57 " (Ribera et al. 2008). Scale bar: 10.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963584" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 12</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="E1C122B545E4112AD58B036EB1A034A8" captionStart="Figures 9–14" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 9 - 14. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, habitus 9 Cybister festae 10 Cybister puncticollis 11 Nilssondytes diversus 12 Megadytes parvus 13 Megadytes latus 14 species " IR 57 " (Ribera et al. 2008). Scale bar: 10.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures9-14" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963584" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 13</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="24A2D094F8259A90D3A9382342217678" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species " IR 57 " (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 21-24</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="95F54454E4B1E985738835FA5AD7FF71" captionStart="Figures 30–50" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 30 - 50. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male genitalia 30 - 32 Cybister festae: 30 median lobe, right lateral aspect 31 median lobe, ventral aspect 32 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 33 - 35 Cybister puncticollis: 33 median lobe, right lateral aspect 34 median lobe, ventral aspect 35 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 36 - 38 Nilssondytes diversus: 36 median lobe, right lateral aspect 37 median lobe, ventral aspect 38 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 39 - 43 Megadytes parvus: 39 median lobe, right lateral aspect 40 median lobe, ventral aspect 41 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 42 apex of median lobe, right lateral aspect 43 apex of median lobe, ventral aspect 44 - 47 Megadytes latus: 44 median lobe, right lateral aspect 45 median lobe, ventral aspect 46 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect 47 apex of median lobe, ventral aspect 48 - 50 species " IR 57 " (Ribera et al. 2008): 48 median lobe, right lateral aspect 49 median lobe, ventral aspect 50 right lateral lobe, right lateral aspect." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures30-50" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963586" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 39-47</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="77474B4514395C4B42D6526BBE0647D9" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 54</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="7B434A8C5793718C05B8756D25D9658A" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 55</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="3B8B1B7D779C3BCC7C15B62573E98471" captionStart="Figures 58–61" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figures 58 - 61. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, female genitalia including left gonocoxosternite, ventral aspect, except Fig. 60 without internal genitalia 58 Cybister festae 59 Cybister puncticollis 60 Megadytes latus 61 Nilssondytes diversus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures58-61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963588" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 60</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="9687243CADDC03F158E8367387DB15CE" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">, 68</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="71D3172B25A1D805B27977A8A3BEDBFC" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7468BD1AE54B7EAF6C99AFCAA92A27D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="E9AB0F38E7E42AFF60525C30264A7410" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Megadytes</taxonomicName>
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Sharp, 1882: 701.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6B557D200FD46267FDD5DDACB4A981AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="type species">
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<paragraph id="9F71A3DA7535E1703CD2A83C67FBC2E1" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AA01F651EB7B2407E6A2FD9E534F99F4" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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<taxonomicName id="6FA882654694232CEF2FD413C995EF24" baseAuthorityName="Fabricius" baseAuthorityYear="1801" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="latus">
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<emphasis id="DF2BE0B463A709C86EF1D96803A61F8F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes latus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1801: 260.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="35920528244FFA89F0D25D64ED9F2550" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="classification">
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<paragraph id="8C468DAA82B40A2DA54E9BC1D5A8F5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Classification.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8F776D5A2CCCDBE01F3D77730AA7FB95" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
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The concept of the genus presented here differs significantly from previous ones (e.g.,
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<bibRefCitation id="2EB8CA8958E6EE810B34C1839FA71063" author="Tremouilles, ER" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="101 - 125" refId="B40" refString="Tremouilles, ER, Bachmann, AO, 1980. La tribu Cybisterini en la Argentina (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 39: 101 - 125" title="La tribu Cybisterini en la Argentina (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." volume="39" year="1980">
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<normalizedToken id="5D1BBB62CDCB93D241B3F23EE63BCD0F" originalValue="Trémouilles">Tremouilles</normalizedToken>
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and Bachmann 1980
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</bibRefCitation>
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;
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<bibRefCitation id="0EDCBF9CC8661341054231FC37815C38" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" author="Miller, KB" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="41 - 59" refId="B29" refString="Miller, KB, Bergsten, J, Whiting, MF, 2007. Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). Zoologica Scripta 36 (1): 41 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" title="Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" volume="36" year="2007">Miller et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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||
<bibRefCitation id="6A48C5E600E13AD38B9699540055F9DB" author="Miller, KB" journalOrPublisher="Johns-Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" refId="B28" refString="Miller, KB, Bergsten, J, 2016. Diving Beetles of the World. Johns-Hopkins University Press, Baltimore" title="Diving Beetles of the World." year="2016">Miller and Bergsten 2016</bibRefCitation>
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). The type species of
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<taxonomicName id="5409408FCE0ED6DFEA8911177A9AD11F" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="6B0A52D68C8B27F46F3F1402F8D4B704" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="1F2E07345DC12CC2B1FFEEB284875243" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
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<emphasis id="1166E635917D747C0B2F4CA2A04B3839" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Fabricius, 1801, a species which differs in important phylogenetic characters from most other species historically
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<taxonomicName id="53FA06ADF96CF7E975278D35976857AC" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes assigned" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="assigned">Megadytes assigned</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="6403DA3C23E669A2A5918BC28FACC856" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="080AA619A9ACC1CB35AF54303F2773AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. Here the species
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<taxonomicName id="88D5371AF7C2AF28D9BC556AFB84A09F" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
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<emphasis id="E216D35B7BCDB4EB9FEB817E2A272CA3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is placed together with
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<taxonomicName id="D59CA26B7C404DA4DB3C9E14937221CB" authorityName="Miller & Michat & Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tremouilles" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes parvus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
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<emphasis id="4855D19037BB4DD83366932FC21F044C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes parvus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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comb. nov. in
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<taxonomicName id="019FA05529A7AE19F448A07A0427DA64" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="44CAEEBE3C4FA1488B25538BDB89ACFA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, whereas the other species historically in
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<taxonomicName id="E8927B076FB013BD0870A232003CBA53" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="E4193D2F97332D53688353A5195CEF89" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
are placed in other genera based on the phylogenetic hypothesis developed here (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="B29538FC7F3B8A3ABE8AE77F49BD0BC2" captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 75. One of seven cladograms derived from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae (len = 105, CI = 68, RI = 92) with characters mapped using ' fast' optimization in WinClada. Black hash marks indicate unambiguous changes, white hash marks indicate homoplasious changes or reversals. Numbers above hash marks are character numbers, those below hash marks are derived state numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963593" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">75</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D8AAFF064106642474182CD67D2B84B5" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 76. Consensus cladogram of seven equally parsimonious cladograms from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae morphology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963594" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">76</figureCitation>
|
||
). Given the character distribution in this group and the diagnosis of the type species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CEFED3C79D90342FE063901A42517DA0" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A6598798C0EC2B402F0CEC735CCF45CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this new classification is unavoidably disruptive of the historical concept of the genus (which included all species here placed in the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EDC3F65CA22ABCD03D51830641E14CFE" authorityName="Miller & Michat & Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Bifurcitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bifurcitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B8DA58034748914FB1E21A484310E52D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Bifurcitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stat. nov.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F262889B729651C0789C8052CD70AE2C" authorityName="Tremouilles & Bachmann" authorityYear="1980" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Paramegadytes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paramegadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F460D6064420D3FF3236DB258E75BEBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Paramegadytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
new status, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB6DA6A25A279B865D2FDA8D8585AAE2" authorityName="Brinck" authorityYear="1945" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Trifurcitus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trifurcitus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="0F43DF2B79C837041221204E85C91162" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Trifurcitus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
new status, see below) and a new genus described below. The unusual characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5478BC7F95229A3935C913DFE6CCE1FB" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. parvus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D2C4D394A721E425D1570466232DE35F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were recognized by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FDCB94C799F3750D2F6B54BEDD19B34C" author="Tremouilles, ER" journalOrPublisher="Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="187 - 190" refId="B37" refString="Tremouilles, ER, 1984. Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos Neotropicales. I. Cybister (Meganectes) parvus sp. nov. del Brasil (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae). Revista de la Sociedad Entomologica Argentina 43: 187 - 190" title="Notas sobre Coleoptera acuaticos Neotropicales. I. Cybister (Meganectes) parvus sp. nov. del Brasil (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae)." volume="43" year="1984">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="15D434AF015F49F95C5802F00A7950EE" originalValue="Trémouilles">Tremouilles</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1984)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
who placed the species in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CA4B677F3051E08AA8A8871A47C879F1" authority=")" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister (Meganectes)" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Meganectes">Cybister (Meganectes)</taxonomicName>
|
||
Brinck, 1945.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="77663D0BE0E73CAAAB28104F6D768769" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="1E92F55485FE25323D6143A018073D1D" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7B6128E384BA7F71E5BBE651E9A87437" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
||
Within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E092D0D8E4601E77A08542B74D6AA34" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cybistrinae">Cybistrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D470916B6064A1536AD4EC3F38CD8A5B" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="57E2E855FD2DDBC40614467C2F5A4807" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="568BE9EC270E8E98A382FD9D970D6AF3" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="815C33F1C743DE4AF719075EB9EF3E0D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="DB53D6C04655430D41FEB4E17F7F6FFA" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">51</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8B909753939562B2712A815EC7D24F28" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">52</figureCitation>
|
||
) in having the medial margin of the lobes of the male abdominal sternum IX emarginate (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FE9B796A0DD21A30CD29CA4EB3D771E8" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">54</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="8E54DBC36B8AC24CA1CF78DA866B419E" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">55</figureCitation>
|
||
), but differ from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="48948B785C010FEFD161B308DC176030" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="98BAFC448D88BFC887CF10EEE3600F29" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="A12A961CCD511077726A0C20E6800E35" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Cybistrinae morphological features 1 Bifurcitus lherminieri, right metatibia, posterior surface 2 Bifurcitus lherminieri, left metaleg, anterior surface 3 Trifurcitus robustus, left metaleg, anterior surface 4 Metaxydytes fraternus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 5 Cybister tripunctatus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 6 Megadytes latus, left half of metaventrite and left metacoxa (WV = metaventrite wing width, WC = metacoxal width) 7 Cybister tripunctatus, right metathoracic wing 8 Trifurcitus robustus, right metatrochanter, ventral surface. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963583" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">5</figureCitation>
|
||
) in lacking a series of setae along the posterodorsal apical angle of the mesotarsomeres of males and pro- and mesotarsomeres of females (as in Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="FEED2BA8FC05EA37585370861DCAEC0F" captionStart="Figures 1–8" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figures 1 - 8. Cybistrinae morphological features 1 Bifurcitus lherminieri, right metatibia, posterior surface 2 Bifurcitus lherminieri, left metaleg, anterior surface 3 Trifurcitus robustus, left metaleg, anterior surface 4 Metaxydytes fraternus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 5 Cybister tripunctatus, left mesotarsomeres III-V, posterior surfaces 6 Megadytes latus, left half of metaventrite and left metacoxa (WV = metaventrite wing width, WC = metacoxal width) 7 Cybister tripunctatus, right metathoracic wing 8 Trifurcitus robustus, right metatrochanter, ventral surface. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures1-8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963583" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">4</figureCitation>
|
||
) This places them in an intermediate phylogenetic position between other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E6988C209B71B334EB42AE7EAACF29A6" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1880" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Cybistrinae">Cybistrinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB2E06CD11E0238A708F3C08D7111B99" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FB5EE5E053417D7AB6D87A77B740631" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FE122101FF76CB037A8B01469FF9EC91" captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 75. One of seven cladograms derived from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae (len = 105, CI = 68, RI = 92) with characters mapped using ' fast' optimization in WinClada. Black hash marks indicate unambiguous changes, white hash marks indicate homoplasious changes or reversals. Numbers above hash marks are character numbers, those below hash marks are derived state numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963593" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">75</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="0D01CC1F45A27B02C88AAC26FFD296EB" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 76. Consensus cladogram of seven equally parsimonious cladograms from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae morphology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963594" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">76</figureCitation>
|
||
, see below). Males and females both have two metatarsal claws with the posterior claw strongly reduced (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="3C65EAD631EBBF7679A3CF39F9A420F9" captionStart="Figures 15–29" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 15 - 29. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, metatarsal claws and tarsomere VI of males and females 15, 16 Cybister festae 17, 18 Cybister puncticollis 19, 20 Nilssondytes diversus 21, 22 Megadytes latus 23, 24 Megadytes parvus 25 species " IR 57 " (Ribera et al. 2008) 26, 27 Paramegadytes glaucus 28, 29 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures15-29" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963585" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">21-24</figureCitation>
|
||
). Third instar larvae (based on
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35701743324539C8DBCBE33B98B1D89D" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
|
||
<emphasis id="508A7EB63FA0B4406C194752F134D42B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) have (1) the median lobe of the frontoclypeus truncate apically with a tuft of setae, (2) the median and lateral lobes of the frontoclypeus separated by a wide emargination (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B3F16B2D784698D5ABF65A2F86EA5E7" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">68</figureCitation>
|
||
), (3) the lateral lobes of the frontoclypeus apically simple (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6E98672588DEDFFE6B2B86CDB6E4CAF" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">68</figureCitation>
|
||
), (4) the lateral lobes of the frontoclypeus acutely angulate (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2ABB0214A711DBD5A25B88FA164F340A" captionStart="Figures 67–71" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 67 - 71. Third instar larva, anterior clypeal margin 67 Bifurcitus magnus 68 Megadytes latus 69 Metaxydytes carcharias 70 Paramegadytes glaucus 71 Trifurcitus fallax." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures67-71" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963590" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">68</figureCitation>
|
||
), and (5) the cephalic capsule relatively long (head length / head width> 1.25).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="699F2F961E7D9ADBEC0A77A6E69E5DAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="0F08598204DB8342013311196F98F200" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E72CE13481B2E8E97E10625B9A42BC37" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0F3F54103940BC711EC10F437768AAA4" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="34B615657F67E7656A1BF002257EE516" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are found in the Neotropical region.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E60D15A33A1260E785D0ADD89799FFBF" authorityName="Miller & Michat & Ferreira Jr" authorityYear="2024" baseAuthorityName="Tremouilles" baseAuthorityYear="1984" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes parvus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="parvus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D0B3040F39D5C9D99061D33E244CFAB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes parvus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known only from the type locality in Bahia State, Brazil, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="65CDA9F19D6496A9921DA1D69B515211" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="M. latus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" rank="species" species="latus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95C98C4060A7F1A167F1B87717A4EBA8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">M. latus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from Brazil, Uruguay, Argentina, French Guiana, and Venezuela.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="0B86A399D137A2F8B400EA117450FFCD" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" type="phylogenetic relationships">
|
||
<paragraph id="C9F80644ACAE438596CA0B9F302CB97E" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5815A794965CA3B5A561F4A087E9AFF0" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FDD6C1555ACB9FE7CAE21F3A1034FEF2" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4C0FFF94E928CD0EE850EECC35D18BB0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is sister to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15CAD01CD457FB3466D188F67ADE4214" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="925A4BD3F853C12ACC3F6EB035E81853" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="990C488204C86D8D735FC013A1A37F43" captionStart="Figure 75" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 75. One of seven cladograms derived from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae (len = 105, CI = 68, RI = 92) with characters mapped using ' fast' optimization in WinClada. Black hash marks indicate unambiguous changes, white hash marks indicate homoplasious changes or reversals. Numbers above hash marks are character numbers, those below hash marks are derived state numbers." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure75" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963593" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">75</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="D308F3C79E3508702E261889C3D14CD5" captionStart="Figure 76" captionStartId="F13" captionText="Figure 76. Consensus cladogram of seven equally parsimonious cladograms from parsimony analysis of 57 morphological characters from Cybistrinae and other Dytiscidae morphology." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figure76" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963594" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">76</figureCitation>
|
||
) based on both genera with distinctly emarginate medial margins of abdominal sternite IX in males (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="FA74979A7C382EA06427754428AEE0D2" captionStart="Figures 51–57" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 51 - 57. Neotropical Cybistrinae species, male sternite IX, ventral aspect 51 Cybister festae 52 Cybister puncticollis 53 Nilssondytes diversus 54 Megadytes latus 55 Megadytes parvus 56 Paramegadytes glaucus 57 Metaxydytes fraternus. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1188.110081.figures51-57" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/963587" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">51-55</figureCitation>
|
||
). However,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC2C925743CE3613F6F83C1B5822D225" authorityName="Sharp" authorityYear="1882" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Megadytes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Megadytes" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="910BA82BC6F81CBC11A5EA6EE9416894" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Megadytes</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lack a series of setae at the apicodorsal angle of the posterior surface of mesotarsomeres I-IV (and of protarsomeres I-IV of females). This feature is remarkably consistent across the numerous
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3DF410873A7AFC00A2C768C6611366DD" authorityName="Curtis" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Dytiscidae" genus="Cybister" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cybister" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="104FC83CB28E1C9468AA16D8CCBDDFC2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="125">Cybister</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species in the world (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B1AA2DF48A523C5A142C43611C8682B0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" author="Miller, KB" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica Scripta" pageId="0" pageNumber="125" pagination="41 - 59" refId="B29" refString="Miller, KB, Bergsten, J, Whiting, MF, 2007. Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae). Zoologica Scripta 36 (1): 41 - 59, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" title="Phylogeny and classification of diving beetles in the tribe Cybistrini (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Dytiscinae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1463-6409.2006.00254.x" volume="36" year="2007">Miller et al. 2007</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |