163 lines
19 KiB
XML
163 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336" ID-GBIF-Dataset="41ef3c31-d959-4168-b2b7-e46c299b5fc6" ID-PMC="PMC6331514" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-813-111" ID-PubMed="30647529" ID-ZBK="AF1D1300BD4B4C1795B48567EFAD850C" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2019" ModsDocID="1313-2970-813-111" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 813" ModsDocTitle="Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)" checkinTime="1546956053860" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Gosik, Rafal, Sprick, Peter & Morris, Michael G." docDate="2019" docId="8F00B70F8DE8C7CC587B1EA5A5C85134" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 813: 111-150" docOrigin="ZooKeys 813" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336" docTitle="Graptus triguttatus subsp. triguttatus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="FFC0C23F067AFFEF9E0FFFAFFF97FFAC" masterDocTitle="Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)" masterLastPageNumber="150" masterPageNumber="111" pageNumber="113" updateTime="1668166695343" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Descriptions of immature stages of four species of the genera Graptus, Peritelus, Philopedon, and Tanymecus and larval instar determination in Tanymecus (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Entiminae)</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Gosik, Rafal</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sprick, Peter</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Morris, Michael G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>813</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>111</mods:start>
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<mods:end>150</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.813.30336</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-813-111</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZBK">AF1D1300BD4B4C1795B48567EFAD850C</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">AF1D1300BD4B4C1795B48567EFAD850C</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="154127174" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8F00B70F8DE8C7CC587B1EA5A5C85134" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8F00B70F8DE8C7CC587B1EA5A5C85134" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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5 premature larvae: Germany, Niedersachsen, Braunschweig, apple orchard and meadow in the area of
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Julius-Kühn-Institut">Julius-Kuehn-Institut</normalizedToken>
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(JKI), all under
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<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Plantaginaceae" genus="Plantago" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Plantago lanceolata" order="Lamiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lanceolata">Plantago lanceolata</taxonomicName>
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L.; 10.01.2013: 3 ex., 18.04.2013: 1 ex., 24.05.2013: 1 ex.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">22 mature and penultimate instar larvae: same site as previously noted, 10.1.2013: 5 ex., 18.04.2013: 7 ex., 03.05.2013: 7 ex., 24.05.2013: 1 ex., 10.06.2013: 2 ex.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">3 pupae: Germany, Niedersachsen, Braunschweig, JKI, apple orchard, meadow; 2 mature larvae, collected on 24.05. and 10.06.2013, both had developed into the pupal stage in breeding boxes in the laboratory in Hannover on 20.06.2013. Another mature larva from the same site, collected on 03.05.2013, developed into the pupal stage before 27.05.2013.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="2" pageNumber="113" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Description of the mature larva.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="113">Body length: 6.8-8.5 mm, body width: 3.0-3.4 mm, head width: 1.53-1.55 mm, head height: 1.35-1.37 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="115" pageId="2" pageNumber="113">
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Body (Figs 1-3). Moderately slender, curved, rounded in cross section. Prothorax slightly narrower than mesothorax; metathorax as wide as mesothorax. Abdominal segments 1-6 of almost equal length; 7-9 decreasing gradually to the terminal body part; 10 reduced to 4 anal lobes with the largest in dorsal and the smallest in ventral position, lateral lobes of equal size (Fig. 3). Spiracles (of thoracic and abdominal segments
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<pageBreakToken pageId="3" pageNumber="114" start="start">1</pageBreakToken>
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-8) annular with 2 vestigial airtubes. Chaetotaxy well developed, setae capilliform, variable in length, dark yellow to brown. Each side of prothorax (Fig. 13) with 8 prns of unequal length: 5 of them placed on the weakly visible premental sclerite, next 3 short setae close to spiracle; 2 ps and 1 eus. Meso- and metathorax (Fig. 13) on each side with 1 short prs, 4 pds, variable in length: first, third and fourth long, second very short, 1
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<pageBreakToken pageId="4" pageNumber="115" start="start">short</pageBreakToken>
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as, 3 short ss, 1 moderately long eps, 1 moderately long ps and 1 eus. Each pedal area of thoracic segments with 6 pda, variable in length. Abd. 1-7 (Figs 14-17) on each side with 1 short prs, 5 pds variable in length(first, third and fifth long, second and fourth short) and arranged along the posterior margin of each segment, 1 minute and 1 short ss, 2 eps and 2 ps of various length, 1 lsts and 2 short eus. Abd. 8 (Figs 15-17) on each side with 1 short prs, 4 pds variable in length (first and third moderately long, second and fourth long) and arranged along the posterior margin of the segment, 1 minute ss, 2 eps and 2 ps of various length, 1 lsts and 2 short eus. Abd. 9 (Figs 15-17) on each side with 3 ds (dorsal setae), first moderately long, second and third long, all located close to the posterior margin of the segment, 1 long and 1 minute ps and 2 short sts. Each lateral anal lobe (Abd. 10) with a pair of minute setae.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
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Figures 1-12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva. 1 Habitus 2 Last abdominal segments lateral view 3 Last abdominal segments ventral view
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Peritelus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peritelus sphaeroides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sphaeroides">Peritelus sphaeroides</taxonomicName>
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mature larva. 4 Habitus 5 Last abdominal segments lateral view 6 Last abdominal segments ventral view
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Philopedon" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Philopedon plagiatum" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plagiatum">Philopedon plagiatum</taxonomicName>
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mature larva 7 Habitus 8 Last abdominal segments lateral view 9 Last abdominal segments ventral view
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Tanymecus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tanymecus palliatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="palliatus">Tanymecus palliatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva 10 Habitus 11 Last abdominal segments lateral view 12 Last abdominal segments ventral view.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
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<paragraph pageId="4" pageNumber="115">
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Figures 13-17.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="4" pageNumber="115" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, habitus and chaetotaxy. 13 Thoracic segments, lateral view 14 First abdominal segment lateral view 15 Abdominal segments 7-10 lateral view 16 Abdominal segments 7-10 ventral view 17 Abdominal segments 7-10 dorsal view. Abbreviations: Th. 1-3 - thoracic segments 1-3, Abd. 1-10 - abdominal segments 1-10, setae: as - alar, ps - pleural, eps - epipleural, ds - dorsal, lsts - laterosternal, eus - eusternal, pda - pedal, pds - postdorsal, prns - pronotal, prs - prodorsal, ss - spiracular, sts - sternal, ts - terminal.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="5" pageNumber="116">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="116" start="start">Head</pageBreakToken>
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(Fig. 18). Light to dark yellow, oval, frontal suture distinct, Y-shaped, endocarina present, reaching to middle of frons. Setae on head capilliform; des1, 2, 3, 5 equal in length; des1 and des2 located in the central part of epicranium, des3 placed on frontal suture, des5 located anterolaterally; fs4, 5 equal in length, fs4 located anteromedially, fs5 anterolaterally, close to epistome; les1 and les2 equal in length, less than half the length of des1; ves short, poorly developed. Postepicranial area with 3 very short pes (Fig. 18). Two weakly visible stemmata close to des5. Antennae (Fig. 19) located at the end of frontal suture; antennal segment membranous, bearing sensorium (Se) conical, almost as wide as long, located medially, and 6 sensilla of different types: 1 sa and 5 sb. Labrum (Fig. 20) almost semicircular, anterior margin rounded; 3 pairs of lrs, different in length, lrs1 and lrs2 very long, lrs3 moderately long; lrs1 placed medially, lrs2 anteromedially, lrs3 anterolaterally. Clypeus (Fig. 20) trapezoid, its anterior margin slightly concave, covered with asperities; 2 pairs of cls short, located posteromedially; clss clearly visible, placed medially between cls. Epipharynx (Fig. 20) with 3 pairs of finger-shaped als of almost equal length; 3 pairs of ams: ams1 and ams3 rod-shaped, very short, ams2 finger-like, very long; 2 pairs of rod-shaped mes of various lengths: first pair placed medially, second pair anteriorly, very close to ams. Surface of epipharynx smooth. Labral rods elongate, converging posteriorly. Mandibles (Fig. 21) curved, narrow, with slightly divided apex (teeth of various lengths). There is an elongate protuberance on the cutting edge between the apex and the middle of the mandible; both mds capilliform, different in length, placed transversely. Maxilla (Figs 22-24) with 1 stps and 2 pfs of equal length; mala with 7 finger- or rod-like dms of almost equal size, 4 vms, varied in length and all shorter than dms; mbs short. Maxillary palpi with 2 palpomeres, basal with short mps; distal palpomere apically with a group of sensilla, each palpomere with a pore. Basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Prelabium (Fig. 24) cup-like with 1 moderately long prms, located medially. Ligula with 3 pairs of minute ligs. Premental sclerite clearly visible, trident-shaped, posterior extension with acute apex. Labial palpi 2-segmented; apex of distal palpomere with some sensilla; each palpomere with
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<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="117" start="start">a</pageBreakToken>
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pore. Basal palpomere distinctly wider than distal, both of almost equal length. Postlabium (Fig. 24) with 3 capilliform pms (postlabial setae), the first pair located anteromedially, the remaining 2 pairs posterolaterally; pms1 and pms3 very short, pms2 twice as long as others.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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Figure 18.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, head, frontal view. Abbreviations: at - antenna, HW - head width, HH - head height, st - stemmata, setae: des - dorsal epicranial, fs - frontal, les - lateral epicranial, pes - postepicranial, ves - ventral.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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Figure 19.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, right antenna. Abbreviations: Se - sensorium, sa - sensillum ampullaceum, sb - sensillum basiconicum.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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Figure 20.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, clypeus, labrum and epipharynx. Abbreviations: clss - clypeal sensorium, lr - labral rods, setae: als - anterolateral, ams - anteromedial, cls - clypeal, lrs - labral, mes - median.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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Figure 21.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, right mandible. Abbreviations: mds - mandibular seta.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="117">
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Figures 22-24.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="117" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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mature larva, body parts. 22 Right maxilla apical part ventral aspect 23 Right maxilla apical part dorsal aspect 24 Maxillolabial complex ventral aspect. Abbreviations: dms - dorsal malar, ligs - ligular, mbs - malar basiventral, mps - maxillary palp, pfs - palpiferal, prms - prelabial, pms - postlabial, stps - stipal, vms - ventral malar.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" type="description">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="118" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
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of the pupa.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Body length (♂, ♀): 7.5-9.0 mm; body width (at level of mesocoxae): 3.8-4.5 mm; width of thorax: 2.0-2.3 mm.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="118">Body moderately slender, straight, yellowish. Cuticle smooth (Figs 25-27). Rostrum short, 1.2 times as long as wide, extended beyond procoxae. Antennae moderately long and slender. Pronotum almost 1.8 times as wide as long. Abdominal segments 1-4 of almost equal length, segments 5-7 decreasing gradually, 8 semicircular, 9 distinctly smaller than previous segments. Urogomphi absent (Figs 25-27).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
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<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="118">
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Figures 25-27.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Graptus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Graptus triguttatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="118" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="subSpecies" species="triguttatus" subSpecies="triguttatus">Graptus triguttatus triguttatus</taxonomicName>
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pupa. 25 Ventral 26 Dorsal 27 Lateral view. Abbreviations: Th. 1-3 -
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<normalizedToken originalValue="pro–">pro-</normalizedToken>
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,
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<normalizedToken originalValue="meso–">meso-</normalizedToken>
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and metathorax, Abd. 1-9 - abdominal segments 1-9, ur - urogomphus, setae: as - apical, d - dorsal, ds - discal, es - epistomal, fes - femoral, l, ls - lateral, os - orbital, pas - postantennal, pls - posterolateral, rs - rostral, sos - superorbital, v - ventral, vs - vertical.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph pageId="8" pageNumber="119">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="8" pageNumber="119" start="start">Chaetotaxy</pageBreakToken>
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well developed, setae variable in lengthand shape: spine-like or capilliform, dark yellow to brown, usually located on visible protuberances. Head capsule and rostrum include 1 vs, 2 minute sos, 1 spine-like and 1 minute os, 2 pas, 3 rs of varied sizes and 1 minute es. Except sos and es, all setae of the head and rostrum are placed on protuberances. Pronotum with 2 as, 1 ls, 2 ds and 2 pls. All setae of pronotum spine-like, of equal size (only ds1 slightly larger than others); all setae placed on protuberances. Mesothorax with 2 minute setae placed anteromedially and 3 spine-like setae placed medially. Metathorax with 4 spine-like setae placed medially. Abdominal segments 1-7 with 7 pairs of d1-7: d1-6 short, spine-like, placed on protuberances, in lines along the posterior margin of segments, d7 short, capilliform, placed anterolaterally, and 2 minute l1-2. Setae no. 3 and no. 5 increasing gradually from segment 2 to 7. Segment 8 with 4 pairs of spine-like setae of varied lengths (d1-4), placed on protuberances, in lines along the posterior margin of the segment. Seta no. 2 distinctly larger than others. Segment 9 with 3 pairs of short, capilliform v1-3. Each apex of femora with 2 fes, spine-like and of various length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |