treatments-xml/data/8C/48/87/8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5.xml

<document ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825376" ID-GBIF-Dataset="ead24401-b440-433c-9123-bc9bca82e0b1" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191911442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5825376" approvedBy="jonas" checkinTime="1641479298953" checkinUser="jonas" docAuthor="Luján, Manuel, Cacho, N. Ivalú, Pérez-Farrera, Miguel Ángel &amp; Hammel, Barry" docDate="2021" docId="8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5" docLanguage="en" docName="KewBull.76.645-650.pdf" docOrigin="Kew Bulletin 76" docTitle="Clusia falcata Hammel 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="649" masterDocId="7071FFD18C3234009620B5167C18FF96" masterDocTitle="Clusia falcata (Clusiaceae), an endangered species with exceptionally narrow leaves endemic to Chiapas, Mexico" masterLastPageNumber="650" masterPageNumber="645" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" updateTime="1641481996158" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Clusia falcata (Clusiaceae), an endangered species with exceptionally narrow leaves endemic to Chiapas, Mexico</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Luján, Manuel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Surrey TW 9 3 AE, Richmond, UK.</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">m.lujan@kew.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Cacho, N. Ivalú</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional AutÓnoma de México, Circuito Exterior, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, 04510, México.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Pérez-Farrera, Miguel Ángel</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Herbario Eizi Matuda, Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ciencias BiolÓgicas, Universidad de Ciencias y Artes de Chiapas, Tuxtla Gutiérrez, México. &amp; Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad AutÓnoma de Querétaro, Ave. De las Ciencias S / N, Juriquilla, 76230, Santa Rosa Jáuregui, Querétaro, México.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Hammel, Barry</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation>Missouri Botanical Garden, 4344 Shaw Blvd., St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Kew Bulletin</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="pubDate">
<mods:number>2021-12-11</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>76</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>645</mods:start>
<mods:end>650</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1007/S12225-021-09988-7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">ead24401-b440-433c-9123-bc9bca82e0b1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">5825372</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825376" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191911442" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5825376" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<subSubSection box="[151,483,964,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,746,932,1139]" box="[151,483,964,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<taxonomicName authority="Hammel" authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[151,389,964,987]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,298,964,987]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
<emphasis box="[306,389,965,986]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Hammel</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis bold="true" box="[397,483,965,986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[397,483,965,986]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,746,932,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175308" collectingDate="1971-10-27" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="D. E. Breedlove &amp; R. F. Thorne" country="Mexico" elevation="1700" location="Rio Hondo" municipality="Jitotol" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" specimenCode="2611409" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="holotype">
Type: 
<collectingCountry box="[558,641,965,987]" name="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" value="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
. 
<collectingRegion box="[652,742,965,987]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
: Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[278,346,995,1017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
, along 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C3334019799B6F57E25FC6F" box="[441,573,995,1017]" country="Mexico" municipality="Jitotol" name="Rio Hondo" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" stateProvince="Chiapas">Río Hondo</location>
, 
<locationDeviation bearing="0.0" box="[592,745,995,1017]" distance="6500.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<quantity box="[592,673,995,1017]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
N of
</locationDeviation>
Jitotol 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C33340196C0B1147DEAFB8E" box="[224,498,1026,1048]" country="Mexico" municipality="Jitotol" name="along road to Pichucalco" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" stateProvince="Chiapas">along road to Pichucalco</location>
, 
<quantity box="[508,591,1026,1047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation box="[508,591,1026,1047]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[601,741,1026,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" value="1971-10-27">
<collectingDate box="[601,741,1026,1047]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" value="1971-10-27">27 Oct. 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[151,493,1056,1078]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<collectorName box="[151,309,1056,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">D. E. Breedlove</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[358,493,1056,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">R. F. Thorne</collectorName>
</emphasis>
21392 (
<specimenCount box="[592,611,1056,1079]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) (
<typeStatus box="[640,741,1056,1078]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[151,198,1087,1108]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
! barcode 
<specimenCode box="[306,399,1087,1109]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">2611409</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175302" collectionCode="CAS, MEXU" country="Mexico" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" specimenCode="330944, 254952" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="isotypes">
<typeStatus box="[410,497,1087,1109]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">isotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[508,559,1087,1108]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
! 
<specimenCode box="[570,650,1087,1108]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">330944</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[661,742,1087,1108]" collectionName="MEXU" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
! 
<specimenCode box="[151,233,1117,1139]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">254952</specimenCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection box="[151,738,1179,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="multiple">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,738,1179,1201]" box="[151,738,1179,1201]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">http://www.ipni.org/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:77220442-1</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="description">
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,745,1240,1934]" lastBlockId="1.[805,1399,201,956]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
Free-standing or hemiepiphyte 
<emphasis box="[481,532,1240,1261]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">shrub</emphasis>
, 
<quantity box="[546,628,1240,1261]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.5" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="m" value="5.5" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="3.0">3 – 8 m</quantity>
; dioecious; branches cylindrical, epidermis non exfoliating; resin greenish-white. 
<emphasis box="[322,384,1301,1322]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Leaves</emphasis>
with the petiole 
<quantity box="[590,740,1301,1323]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.65" metricValueMax="1.8" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="1.65" valueMax="1.8" valueMin="1.5">1.5 – 1.8 cm</quantity>
, unwinged, the base excavated and forming a pit in the adaxial portion of the junction between the petiole and the stem; lamina drying dark brown adaxially and light brown abaxially, (8 –) 10 – 15.5 × (1.4 –) 
<quantity box="[618,740,1423,1445]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2 – 2.5 cm</quantity>
, narrowly lanceolate to oblong or elliptic, often falcate, base attenuate, apex acute to acuminate, margin slightly revolute; venation pinnate brochidodromous, the principal secondary veins 5 – 8 pairs, 
<quantity box="[467,574,1545,1567]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5 – 10 mm</quantity>
apart, forming a 20° – 30° angle to primary vein, prominent abaxially and flat to slightly prominent adaxially; primary vein evident along the entire length of the lamina, the intramarginal vein 
<quantity box="[202,265,1668,1689]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
from margin; resin canals visible when dry in the adaxial (more faintly so on the abaxial) surface as thin, more or less continuous, nigrescent lines arising at a very narrow angle from, but eventually more or less parallel to the primary vein. 
<emphasis box="[348,471,1790,1811]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Inflorescences</emphasis>
slightly deflexed to pendant; dichasia often lacking the central flower, the staminate 4 – 5 × 
<quantity box="[343,439,1851,1872]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="8.0" metricValueMin="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="6.0" valueMax="8.0" valueMin="4.0">4 – 8 cm</quantity>
, with 2 – 3 ramifications per node and a total of c. 16 flowers, the peduncle 
<quantity box="[648,740,1881,1903]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1 – 3 cm</quantity>
, cylindrical to subquadrate; the pistillate 2 – 3 × c. 
<quantity box="[685,740,1912,1933]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
, with 2 or 3 ramifications per node (or ramifications lacking, but with 2 sets of bracts, c. 
<quantity box="[1167,1219,232,253]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="1.0">1 cm</quantity>
apart), with 1 – 5 flowers; bracts (subtending inflorescence branches) and bracteoles (subtending flowers) paired, 
<quantity box="[1216,1332,292,314]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="1.75" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 – 2 mm</quantity>
, more or less deltate, the apex acute, abaxially keeled. 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Flower buds</emphasis>
<quantity box="[859,980,354,376]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="6.0">6 – 10 mm</quantity>
in diam. 
<emphasis box="[1088,1157,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Flowers</emphasis>
unisexual, lightly, but sweetly aromatic, non-resiniferous, the perianth differentiated into sepals and petals; sepals 4, light green, 5 – 6 × 
<quantity box="[824,925,445,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="3.5" valueMax="4.0" valueMin="3.0">3 – 4 mm</quantity>
and elliptic (staminate flowers), c. 6 × 
<quantity box="[1336,1399,445,467]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
and suborbicular (pistillate flowers); petals 4, erect, light green to dark pink, swollen at the base, succulent, 4 – 6 × 
<quantity box="[805,902,537,559]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" metricValueMax="5.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="4.0" valueMax="5.0" valueMin="3.0">3 – 5 mm</quantity>
, oblong to pandurate (staminate flowers), c. 9 × 
<quantity box="[805,871,567,589]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="6.0">6 mm</quantity>
, ovate to suborbicular (pistillate flowers). 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Androecium</emphasis>
(staminate flowers), uniform, (1.2 –) 
<quantity box="[1266,1395,598,620]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="2.25" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.5">1.5 – 3 mm</quantity>
, the androphore c. 2 × 
<quantity box="[1037,1099,629,650]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
, quadrangular with the sides concave due to bulged petal bases, convex; stamens 22 – 24, free, the filaments (0.2 –) 
<quantity box="[1124,1248,690,712]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="0.75" valueMax="1.0" valueMin="0.5">0.5 – 1 mm</quantity>
, anthers 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="1.5" valueMax="2.0" valueMin="1.0">1 – 2 mm</quantity>
, longitudinally dehiscent (
<figureCitation box="[1134,1196,720,742]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[189,223,1697,1718]" captionTargetBox="[189,1434,196,1677]" captionTargetId="figure-28@2.[189,1439,192,1681]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 1. Clusia falcata. A habit of flowering staminate branch; B leaf showing abaxial surface; C detail of adaxial surface of leaf showing resin canals; D sepal adaxial side; E – F petal side view and adaxial side; G androecium; H – J stamens; K detail of petiole base showing pit in the junction with the branch; L staminate flower bud. From D. E. Breedlove &amp; R. F. Thorne 21392 (holotype, MO). DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5825374/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
). 
<emphasis box="[1219,1324,721,742]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Gynoecium</emphasis>
(pistillate flowers) with 4 pairs of stamen-like staminodia, alternate to the petals, c. 
<quantity box="[1137,1210,782,803]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
(including the androphore), each pair borne on an androphore, c. 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="2.7">2.7 mm</quantity>
; stigmas 4, smooth, discoid, sessile. 
<emphasis box="[1221,1276,843,864]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Fruits</emphasis>
pale yellow to green when submature, sepals persistent, 4 – 6 × 
<quantity metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.25" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="3.25" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="3.0">3 – 3.5 cm</quantity>
in diam., ellipsoid, 4-locular; seeds and arils not seen.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="646" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="1.[805,1399,995,1934]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,944,997,1017]" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">RECOGNITION</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[963,1106,995,1016]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[963,1106,995,1016]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be readily separated from its congeners by its narrow lanceolate to oblong leaves (8 –) 10 – 15.5 × (1.4 –) 
<quantity box="[1146,1262,1056,1078]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.25" metricValueMax="2.5" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="2.25" valueMax="2.5" valueMin="2.0">2 – 2.5 cm</quantity>
, with a ratio of leaf width to length of 0.17, which are likely the narrowest leaves observed in the genus thus far. Certain material of 
<taxonomicName authority="Maguire" authorityName="Maguire" box="[1043,1240,1148,1170]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dukei">
<emphasis box="[1043,1134,1148,1169]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. dukei</emphasis>
Maguire
</taxonomicName>
— a species restricted to lowland wet forests on the Atlantic slopes of 
<collectingCountry box="[834,947,1209,1231]" name="Costa Rica" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Costa Rica</collectingCountry>
and 
<collectingCountry box="[1002,1089,1210,1231]" name="Panama" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Panama</collectingCountry>
— likewise with very narrow and sometimes falcate leaves, has been indicated as worthy of taxonomic recognition (see 
<bibRefCitation author="Hammel, B. E." box="[1228,1383,1270,1292]" editor="B. E. Hammel &amp; M. H. Grayum &amp; C. Herrera &amp; N. Zamora" journalOrPublisher="Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard." pageId="1" pageNumber="646" pagination="1 - 54" part="119" refId="ref3632" refString="_______ (2010). Clusiaceae. Pp. 1 - 54 In: B. E. Hammel, M. H. Grayum, C. Herrera &amp; N. Zamora (eds), Manual de plantas de Costa Rica Vol. V. Monogr. Syst. Bot. Missouri Bot. Gard. 119: 1 - 970." title="Clusiaceae" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Manual de plantas de Costa Rica Vol. V" year="2010">Hammel 2010</bibRefCitation>
). That material has laminas 9.6 – 15 × 
<quantity box="[1221,1339,1301,1322]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.2" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="cm" value="2.2" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.4">1.4 – 3 cm</quantity>
(leaf width to length ratio of 0.18), flowers with similarly 4- merous perianth and succulent petals. That form of 
<taxonomicName box="[805,891,1392,1414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dukei">
<emphasis box="[805,891,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. dukei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1042,1142,1392,1414]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1042,1142,1392,1414]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by its more numerous secondary veins at a wider angle to the primary vein (12 – 15 pairs, 2 – 3 (– 5) mm apart, at 30° – 40° angle vs 5 – 8 pairs, 
<quantity box="[1048,1175,1484,1506]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="mm" value="7.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="5.0">5 – 10 mm</quantity>
apart, at 20° – 30° angle); and by its androecium with more stamens (32 vs 
<quantity box="[833,945,1545,1567]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.842" metricValueMax="6.096" metricValueMin="5.588" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" unit="in" value="23.0" valueMax="24.0" valueMin="22.0">22 – 24 in</quantity>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[953,1052,1545,1567]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[953,1052,1545,1567]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). 
<taxonomicName box="[1077,1204,1545,1566]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dukei">
<emphasis box="[1077,1204,1545,1566]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">Clusia dukei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
overall differs by its clear (vs greenish-white) resin, and by its very different configuration of the resin canals, which are relatively short (interrupted) and widely branched lines that sometimes appear to form a mesh, vs the continuous and usually unbranched lines of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[805,912,1728,1750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[805,912,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, more like those of 
<taxonomicName authority="Jacq." authorityName="Jacq." box="[1180,1341,1728,1750]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis box="[1180,1271,1728,1750]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. flava</emphasis>
Jacq.
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName authority="Hemsl. " authorityName="Hemsl." box="[805,1063,1759,1781]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis box="[805,975,1759,1780]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. guatemalensis</emphasis>
Hemsl.
</taxonomicName>
These latter two species have flowers with a similar perianth, androecium and gynoecium, but usually with a higher number of stamens, staminodia, and stigmas than in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1290,1392,1851,1872]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1290,1392,1851,1872]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Most notably, their leaves are never as long and narrow as those of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1022,1122,1912,1933]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="1" pageNumber="646" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1022,1122,1912,1933]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="646">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825374" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5825374" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5825374/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" startId="2.[189,223,1697,1718]" targetBox="[189,1434,196,1677]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,1438,1697,1798]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,253,1697,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Fig. 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[262,390,1697,1718]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[262,390,1697,1718]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[405,421,1698,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">A</emphasis>
habit of flowering staminate branch; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[797,811,1698,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">B</emphasis>
leaf showing abaxial surface; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1110,1124,1698,1718]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">C</emphasis>
detail of adaxial surface of leaf showing resin canals; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[399,415,1724,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">D</emphasis>
sepal adaxial side; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[600,648,1724,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">E – F</emphasis>
petal side view and adaxial side; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,985,1724,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">G</emphasis>
androecium; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1118,1167,1724,1745]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">H – J</emphasis>
stamens; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1265,1280,1724,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">K</emphasis>
detail of petiole base showing pit in the junction with the branch; 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[676,687,1751,1771]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">L</emphasis>
staminate flower bud. From 
<emphasis box="[970,1263,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">D. E. Breedlove &amp; R. F. Thorne</emphasis>
21392 (holotype, MO). DRAWN BY JULIET BEENTJE.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="647" type="distribution">
<paragraph blockId="2.[189,782,1879,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[189,332,1880,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">DISTRIBUTION</emphasis>
. Northern and Eastern highlands of 
<collectingRegion box="[189,275,1909,1931]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
(
<figureCitation box="[291,365,1910,1931]" captionStart="Map 1" captionStartId="3.[151,198,1092,1113]" captionTargetBox="[152,1400,193,1075]" captionTargetId="figure-445@3.[151,1401,192,1076]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Map 1. Distribution map of Clusia falcata in Chiapas, Mexico." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825378" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5825378/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Map 1</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph blockId="2.[843,1436,1879,1931]" lastBlockId="3.[151,746,1176,1931]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="648" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175306" collectingDate="1971-10-27" collectionCode="MO" collectorName="D. E. Breedlove &amp; R. F. Thorne" country="Mexico" elevation="1700" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="648" location="Rio Hondo" municipality="Jitotol" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" specimenCode="2611409" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[843,1083,1880,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">SPECIMENS EXAMINED</emphasis>
. 
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1106,1195,1879,1900]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">
<collectingCountry box="[1106,1188,1880,1900]" name="Mexico" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" value="Mexico">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
.
</emphasis>
<collectingRegion box="[1211,1302,1879,1901]" country="Mexico" name="Chiapas" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Chiapas</collectingRegion>
: Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[843,911,1909,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
, along 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C30340295C7B2637870F81D" box="[999,1128,1909,1931]" country="Mexico" municipality="Jitotol" name="Rio Hondo" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" stateProvince="Chiapas">Río Hondo</location>
, 
<locationDeviation bearing="0.0" box="[1144,1287,1909,1931]" distance="6500.0" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">
<quantity box="[1144,1222,1909,1931]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.5" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" unit="km" value="6.5">6.5 km</quantity>
N of
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality box="[1298,1364,1909,1931]" pageId="2" pageNumber="647">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C303403937FB2637D60FB38" country="Mexico" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="648" municipality="Jitotol" name="along road to Pichucalco" pageId="2" pageNumber="647" stateProvince="Chiapas">along road to Pichucalco</location>
, 
<quantity box="[396,487,1176,1197]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="1700.0">
<elevation box="[396,487,1176,1197]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.7" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="1700.0">1700 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[507,665,1176,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1971-10-27">
<collectingDate box="[507,665,1176,1197]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1971-10-27">27 Oct. 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="648">D. E. Breedlove</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[291,428,1206,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">R. F. Thorne</collectorName>
</emphasis>
21392 (
<specimenCount box="[529,548,1205,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) (
<typeStatus box="[577,678,1206,1228]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">holotype</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[694,741,1206,1227]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
! barcode 
<specimenCode box="[259,354,1237,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">2611409</specimenCode>
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175301" collectingDate="1954-07-20" collectingDateMax="1954-08-07" collectingDateMin="1954-07-20" collectionCode="CAS, MEXU" collectorName="R. L. Dressler" country="Mexico" elevation="950" location="Monte (Cerro) Libano" municipality="Ocosingo" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" specimenCode="330944, 254952" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Chiapas" typeStatus="isotypes">
<typeStatus box="[375,465,1237,1259]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">isotypes</typeStatus>
: 
<collectionCode box="[485,537,1237,1258]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
! 
<specimenCode box="[557,639,1237,1258]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">330944</specimenCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[659,741,1237,1258]" collectionName="MEXU" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
! 
<specimenCode box="[151,233,1267,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">254952</specimenCode>
).
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175307" collectingDate="1954-07-20" collectingDateMax="1954-08-07" collectingDateMin="1954-07-20" collectionCode="MEXU" collectorName="R. L. Dressler" elevation="950" location="Laguna Ocotal Grande" municipality="Ocosingo" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="paratype">
<typeStatus box="[260,366,1268,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Paratypes</typeStatus>
: Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[513,619,1267,1289]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Ocosingo</collectingMunicipality>
, limestone area near 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C313403972DB0047E0BFABE" box="[269,531,1298,1320]" municipality="Ocosingo" name="Laguna Ocotal Grande" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Laguna Ocotal Grande</location>
, c. 
<locationDeviation bearing="135.0" distance="27500.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<quantity box="[574,705,1298,1320]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.75" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="km" value="27.5" valueMax="30.0" valueMin="25.0">25 – 30 km</quantity>
SE of
</locationDeviation>
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C313403969EB0277DD6FAD1" box="[190,462,1329,1351]" country="Mexico" municipality="Ocosingo" name="Monte (Cerro) Libano" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" stateProvince="Chiapas">Monte (Cerro) Líbano</location>
, which is 
<locationDeviation bearing="90.0" box="[597,744,1329,1351]" distance="43000.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<quantity box="[597,674,1329,1351]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="km" value="43.0">43 km</quantity>
E of
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,257,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Ocosingo</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<quantity box="[270,342,1359,1381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="950.0">
<elevation box="[270,342,1359,1381]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="950.0">950 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[355,596,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1954-07-20" valueMax="1954-08-07" valueMin="1954-07-20">
<collectingDate box="[355,596,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1954-07-20" valueMax="1954-08-07" valueMin="1954-07-20">20 July – 7 Aug. 1954</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[609,744,1359,1381]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<collectorName box="[609,744,1359,1381]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">R. L. Dressler</collectorName>
</emphasis>
1689 (
<specimenCount box="[227,246,1389,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[276,359,1390,1412]" collectionName="MEXU" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175304" collectingDate="1971-09" collectionCode="CAS" collectorName="R. F. Thorne &amp; E. Lathrop" country="Mexico" elevation="1676" location="Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan" municipality="Jitotol" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[509,577,1390,1412]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation bearing="0.0" box="[594,745,1390,1412]" distance="6437.376" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<quantity box="[594,677,1390,1412]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.437376" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="mi" value="4.0">4 miles</quantity>
N of
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality box="[151,219,1420,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
, on the road to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C3134039783B09A7EFDFA34" box="[419,741,1420,1442]" country="Mexico" municipality="Jitotol" name="Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacan" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" stateProvince="Chiapas">Pueblo Nuevo Solistahuacán</location>
, 
<quantity box="[151,237,1451,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6759999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="1676.0">
<elevation box="[151,237,1451,1473]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.6759999999999997" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="1676.0">1676 m</elevation>
</quantity>
, 
<date box="[251,369,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1971-09">
<collectingDate box="[251,369,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1971-09">Sept. 1971</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[384,670,1451,1472]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<collectorName box="[384,516,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">R. F. Thorne</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[561,670,1451,1472]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">E. Lathrop</collectorName>
</emphasis>
41730 (
<specimenCount box="[162,181,1480,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[211,265,1481,1503]" collectionName="USA, California, San Francisco, California Academy of Sciences" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15690" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34700" name="California Academy of Sciences" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Museum">CAS</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175303" collectingDate="1983-09-15" collectionCode="MEXU" collectorName="A. Mendez Ton" country="Mexico" location="Banco de Grava" municipality="Yajalon" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[415,497,1481,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Yajalón</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C3134039422B0DC7EA6FA48" box="[514,702,1481,1503]" country="Mexico" municipality="Yajalon" name="Banco de Grava" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" stateProvince="Chiapas">Banco de Grava</location>
, 
<date pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1983-09-15">
<collectingDate pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1983-09-15">15 Sept. 1983</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis box="[307,488,1512,1533]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<collectorName box="[307,488,1512,1533]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">A. Méndez Ton</collectorName>
</emphasis>
6664 (
<specimenCount box="[590,609,1511,1534]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[645,733,1512,1534]" collectionName="MEXU" country="Mexico" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15658" name="Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">MEXU</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
; 
<materialsCitation ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3427175305" collectingDate="1986-10-14" collectionCode="CR, MO" collectorName="B. Hammel &amp; E. Martinez &amp; M. Merello" country="Mexico" location="Pichucalco" municipality="Jitotol" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Chiapas">
Municipio 
<collectingMunicipality box="[282,352,1542,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
, 
<locationDeviation bearing="0.0" box="[372,509,1542,1564]" distance="7000.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<quantity box="[372,436,1542,1564]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="km" value="7.0">7 km</quantity>
N of
</locationDeviation>
<collectingMunicipality box="[526,593,1542,1564]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Jitotol</collectingMunicipality>
on road to 
<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8C4887A98C33340496B7B6D27E3CFBE5:013E60648C31340396B7B3337D09F9AD" box="[151,273,1573,1595]" country="Mexico" municipality="Jitotol" name="Pichucalco" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" stateProvince="Chiapas">Pichucalco</location>
(highway 195), in woods along river, upstream from bridge, 
<date box="[421,571,1603,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1986-10-14">
<collectingDate box="[421,571,1603,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" value="1986-10-14">14 Oct. 1986</collectingDate>
</date>
, 
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<collectorName box="[587,708,1603,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">B. Hammel</collectorName>
, 
<collectorName pageId="3" pageNumber="648">E. Martínez</collectorName>
&amp; 
<collectorName box="[279,385,1634,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">M. Merello</collectorName>
</emphasis>
15692 (
<specimenCount box="[475,494,1633,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="male">♂</specimenCount>
) 15693 (
<specimenCount box="[593,612,1633,1656]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
) (
<collectionCode box="[636,675,1634,1655]" country="Costa Rica" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15652" name="Museo Nacional de Costa Rica" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">CR</collectionCode>
, 
<collectionCode box="[687,734,1634,1656]" country="USA" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:15859" name="Missouri Botanical Garden" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="Herbarium">MO</collectionCode>
)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5825378" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5825378" box="[151,752,1092,1113]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5825378/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" startId="3.[151,198,1092,1113]" targetBox="[152,1400,193,1075]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,752,1092,1113]" box="[151,752,1092,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,224,1092,1113]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Map 1.</emphasis>
Distribution map of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[427,553,1092,1113]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[427,553,1092,1113]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Chiapas, Mexico.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,746,1176,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,239,1666,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">HABITAT</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[256,398,1665,1686]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[256,398,1665,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
grows on forested slopes with 
<taxonomicName box="[151,208,1696,1717]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[151,208,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Pinus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[224,304,1696,1717]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[224,304,1696,1717]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Quercus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 
<taxonomicName box="[364,492,1695,1716]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Altingiaceae" genus="Liquidambar" kingdom="Plantae" order="Saxifragales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[364,492,1695,1716]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Liquidambar</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and on karst areas in tropical rain forests at 
<quantity box="[402,554,1726,1748]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.325" metricValueMax="1.7" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="m" value="1325.0" valueMax="1700.0" valueMin="950.0">950 – 1700 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="conservation">
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,746,1176,1931]" lastBlockId="3.[805,1399,1176,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,408,1758,1778]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">CONSERVATION STATUS</emphasis>
. We estimate an extent of occurrence (EOO) of 
<quantity box="[406,553,1787,1809]" metricMagnitude="6" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.569623" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" unit="km" value="1569.623">1,569.623 km</quantity>
<superScript attach="left" box="[554,564,1781,1795]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">2</superScript>
and an area of occupancy (AOO) of 12.0 km 
<superScript attach="left" box="[484,494,1812,1826]" fontSize="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">2</superScript>
for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[544,685,1817,1838]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[544,685,1817,1838]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The species is known from only three localities, and continuous decline in habitat quality is inferred in at least two of them given their proximity to urban centres (the towns of Jitotol and Yajalón respectively). Only one location is within a protected area, the Reserva de Biosfera Montes Azules, which may ensure the long-term stability of that particular plant population. Given the reduced number of known localities and their likely future instability, we assess the conservation status for 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1064,1163,1359,1380]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1064,1163,1359,1380]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as endangered (EN) based on the IUCN criteria B1ab(iii)+2ab(iii).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[805,1399,1176,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,931,1422,1442]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">PHENOLOGY</emphasis>
. 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[945,1083,1420,1441]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[945,1083,1420,1441]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was collected with flowers in September and October, and with fruits in August.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="etymology">
<paragraph blockId="3.[805,1399,1176,1931]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,936,1483,1503]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">ETYMOLOGY</emphasis>
. The specific epithet of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1250,1399,1481,1502]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1250,1399,1481,1502]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
derives from the latin word falcatus, which describes the narrow and curved shape of the leaves, a character not previously observed in the genus.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" type="discussion">
<paragraph blockId="3.[805,1399,1176,1931]" lastBlockId="4.[189,783,201,1139]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="649" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">
<emphasis bold="true" box="[805,872,1605,1625]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">NOTES</emphasis>
. With the aim of identifying the phylogenetic position of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[944,1089,1634,1655]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[944,1089,1634,1655]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, sequencing of nrITS was attempted using tissue from the 
<typeStatus box="[1220,1267,1665,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">type</typeStatus>
specimen, although amplification was unsuccessful, probably because the DNA was highly degraded, which is common in tissues sampled from herbarium specimens. Nevertheless, the presence of a non-resiniferous quadrangular androphore bearing multiple free stamens suggests that 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[1018,1115,1848,1869]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[1018,1115,1848,1869]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is included in the &quot; 
<taxonomicName class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">Clusia flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
group&quot; an informal infrageneric species assembly that includes 
<taxonomicName box="[977,1071,1909,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="dukei">
<emphasis box="[977,1071,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">C. dukei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1094,1187,1909,1931]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="flava">
<emphasis box="[1094,1187,1909,1931]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">C. flava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName box="[1211,1391,1909,1930]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="3" pageNumber="648" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guatemalensis">
<emphasis box="[1211,1391,1909,1930]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="648">C. guatemalensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Standl." authorityName="Standl." box="[189,394,201,223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="lundellii">
<emphasis box="[189,304,201,222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">C. lundellii</emphasis>
Standl.
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Bartlett" authorityName="Bartlett" box="[410,668,201,223]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="quadrangula">
<emphasis box="[410,573,201,222]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">C. quadrangula</emphasis>
Bartlett
</taxonomicName>
, 
<taxonomicName authority="Standl." authorityName="Standl." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="torresii">
<emphasis box="[684,783,201,223]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">C. torresii</emphasis>
Standl.
</taxonomicName>
and likely other closely related species from Central America with similar androecial morphology (
<bibRefCitation author="Hammel, B. E." box="[196,352,292,314]" journalOrPublisher="Selbyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="112 - 120" part="9" refId="ref3597" refString="Hammel, B. E. (1986). New species of Clusiaceae from Central America with notes on Clusia and synonymy in the tribe Clusieae. Selbyana 9: 112 - 120." title="New species of Clusiaceae from Central America with notes on Clusia and synonymy in the tribe Clusieae" type="journal article" year="1986">Hammel 1986</bibRefCitation>
). According to molecular evidence, the flava group is a well-supported monophyletic group (
<bibRefCitation author="Gustafsson, M. H. G. &amp; Bittrich, V. &amp; Winter, K. &amp; Bittrich, V." box="[197,480,354,376]" editor="U. Luttge" journalOrPublisher="Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="95 - 116" refId="ref3520" refString="_______, Winter, K. &amp; Bittrich, V. (2007). Diversity, Phylogeny and Classification of Clusia. Pp. 95 - 116. In: U. Luttge (ed.), Clusia A Woody Neotropical Genus of Remarkable Plasticity and Diversity. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / 978 - 3 - 540 - 37243 - 1 _ 7." title="Diversity, Phylogeny and Classification of Clusia" type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Clusia A Woody Neotropical Genus of Remarkable Plasticity and Diversity" year="2007">
Gustafsson 
<emphasis box="[345,399,354,375]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">et al</emphasis>
. 2007
</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Lujan, M." box="[505,645,354,376]" journalOrPublisher="Syst. Bot." pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="548 - 559" part="44" refId="ref3838" refString="Lujan, M. (2019). Playing the Taxonomic Cupid: Matching Pistillate and Staminate Conspecifics in Dioecious Clusia (Clusiaceae). Syst. Bot. 44: 548 - 559. https: // doi. org / 10.1600 / 036364419 x 15620113920590" title="Playing the Taxonomic Cupid: Matching Pistillate and Staminate Conspecifics in Dioecious Clusia (Clusiaceae)" type="journal article" year="2019">Luján 2019</bibRefCitation>
) in which hemiepiphytic habit as well as CAM photosynthesis are commonly present (
<bibRefCitation author="Vargas-Soto, J. G. &amp; Andrade, J. L. &amp; Winter, K." box="[459,714,415,437]" journalOrPublisher="Photosynthetica" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="33 - 40" part="47" refId="ref4141" refString="Vargas-Soto, J. G., Andrade, J. L. &amp; Winter, K. (2009). Carbon isotope composition and mode of photosynthesis in Clusia species from Mexico. Photosynthetica 47: 33 - 40. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 11099 - 009 - 0007 - 6" title="Carbon isotope composition and mode of photosynthesis in Clusia species from Mexico" type="journal article" year="2009">
Vargas-Soto 
<emphasis box="[601,646,415,437]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">et al</emphasis>
. 2009
</bibRefCitation>
), and includes most, although not all taxa originally proposed by 
<bibRefCitation author="Hammel, B. E." box="[294,471,476,498]" journalOrPublisher="Selbyana" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="112 - 120" part="9" refId="ref3597" refString="Hammel, B. E. (1986). New species of Clusiaceae from Central America with notes on Clusia and synonymy in the tribe Clusieae. Selbyana 9: 112 - 120." title="New species of Clusiaceae from Central America with notes on Clusia and synonymy in the tribe Clusieae" type="journal article" year="1986">Hammel (1986)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph blockId="4.[189,783,201,1139]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">
A general pattern observed in evergreen woody plants is that relatively small leaves are more common at high latitudes, high elevations, nutrient poor, and hot arid conditions (
<bibRefCitation author="Givnish, T. J." box="[415,560,598,620]" journalOrPublisher="New Phytol." pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="131 - 160" part="106" refId="ref3396" refString="Givnish, T. J. (1987). Comparative studies of leaf form: assessing the relative roles of selective pressures and phylogenetic constraints. New Phytol. 106: 131 - 160. https: // doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1469 - 8137.1987. tb 04687. x" title="Comparative studies of leaf form: assessing the relative roles of selective pressures and phylogenetic constraints" type="journal article" year="1987">Givnish 1987</bibRefCitation>
; 
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, I. J. &amp; Dong, N. &amp; Maire, V. &amp; Prentice, I. C. &amp; Westoby, M. &amp; Diaz, S. &amp; Gallagher, R. V. &amp; Jacobs, B. F. &amp; Kooyman, R. &amp; Law, E. A. &amp; Leishman, M. R." box="[575,767,598,620]" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="917 - 921" part="357" refId="ref4242" refString="Wright, I. J., Dong, N., Maire, V., Prentice, I. C., Westoby, M., Diaz, S., Gallagher, R. V., Jacobs, B. F., Kooyman, R., Law, E. A. &amp; Leishman, M. R. (2017). Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science 357 (6354): 917 - 921. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. aal 4760" title="Global climatic drivers of leaf size" type="journal article" year="2017">
Wright 
<emphasis box="[659,701,598,620]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, in some groups (e. g. subtropical bamboos), species with relatively narrower leaves tend to inhabit areas subject to water deficiency (
<bibRefCitation author="Lin, S. &amp; Niklas, K. J. &amp; Wan, Y. &amp; Holscher, D. &amp; Hui, C. &amp; Ding, Y. &amp; Shi, P." box="[558,715,690,712]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Forest Sci." pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="1 - 15" part="77" refId="ref3751" refString="Lin, S., Niklas, K. J., Wan, Y., Holscher, D., Hui, C., Ding, Y. &amp; Shi, P. (2020). Leaf shape influences the scaling of leaf dry mass vs. area: a test case using bamboos. Ann. Forest Sci. 77: 1 - 15. https: // doi. org / 10.1007 / s 13595 - 019 - 0911 - 2" title="Leaf shape influences the scaling of leaf dry mass vs. area: a test case using bamboos" type="journal article" year="2020">
Lin 
<emphasis box="[607,649,690,711]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">et al</emphasis>
. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
). The exceptionally narrow leaves observed in 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[642,783,720,741]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[642,783,720,741]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Clusia falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
suggest that this species may tolerate conditions of limited water availability. Furthermore, 
<specimenCount box="[628,783,781,803]" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
of 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[217,313,812,833]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[217,313,812,833]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis box="[331,462,812,834]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">R. L. Dressler</emphasis>
1689 [MEXU]) was collected on a limestone area, which indicates that the species may tolerate soils with high alkalinity and low nutrient levels. Several environmental and genetic factors are involved in determining leaf size and shape, potentially leading to many equally viable leaf strategies for a given environment (
<bibRefCitation author="Wright, I. J. &amp; Dong, N. &amp; Maire, V. &amp; Prentice, I. C. &amp; Westoby, M. &amp; Diaz, S. &amp; Gallagher, R. V. &amp; Jacobs, B. F. &amp; Kooyman, R. &amp; Law, E. A. &amp; Leishman, M. R." box="[436,663,995,1017]" journalOrPublisher="Science" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" pagination="917 - 921" part="357" refId="ref4242" refString="Wright, I. J., Dong, N., Maire, V., Prentice, I. C., Westoby, M., Diaz, S., Gallagher, R. V., Jacobs, B. F., Kooyman, R., Law, E. A. &amp; Leishman, M. R. (2017). Global climatic drivers of leaf size. Science 357 (6354): 917 - 921. https: // doi. org / 10.1126 / science. aal 4760" title="Global climatic drivers of leaf size" type="journal article" year="2017">
Wright 
<emphasis box="[534,586,995,1017]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">et al</emphasis>
. 2017
</bibRefCitation>
). Further comparative research is needed to better understand the drivers of leaf size and shape variability in 
<taxonomicName box="[713,776,1056,1077]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis box="[713,776,1056,1077]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">Clusia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and to test whether 
<taxonomicName authorityName="Hammel" authorityYear="2021" box="[408,504,1087,1108]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Clusiaceae" genus="Clusia" kingdom="Plantae" order="Malpighiales" pageId="4" pageNumber="649" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcata">
<emphasis box="[408,504,1087,1108]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="649">C. falcata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is adapted to particularly harsh environmental conditions.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>