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<document id="89964BB9EC8114079FB2CF0AB8193411" ENCODING="UTF-8" ID-GBIF-Dataset="53d51348-3e19-4000-aff7-8ff9c55f4852" ModsDocAuthor="Ward, P. S." ModsDocID="21008" checkinTime="1244211916119" checkinUser="thomas" docAuthor="Ward, P. S." docDate="2005" docId="8BD77B5305A2D917D4B55CE11AA1A6A5" docLanguage="en" docName="21008_gg2.xml" docOrigin="Zootaxa 936" docSource="http://antbase.org/ants/publications/21008/21008.pdf" docTitle="Formica Linnaeus" docType="treatment" docVersion="12" lastPageNumber="29" masterDocId="32FD301806858489EBFB7F601BC4A115" masterDocTitle="A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." masterLastPageNumber="68" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="29" updateTime="1701311267725" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="C92BC572A3897733AFE12A626DF5FBCD">A synoptic review of the ants of California (Hymenoptera: Formicidae).</mods:title>
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<treatment id="8BD77B5305A2D917D4B55CE11AA1A6A5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6268101" ID-GBIF-Taxon="100132657" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6268101" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8BD77B5305A2D917D4B55CE11AA1A6A5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8BD77B5305A2D917D4B55CE11AA1A6A5" lastPageNumber="29" pageNumber="29">
<subSubSection id="BC60B01CCA2DB8247888D33C7F98FD96" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="75885E15589BC775E48E5E6487185491" pageNumber="29">
Genus
<taxonomicName id="3EC19A0A787A3BBB1153600714F1B534" ID-CoL="4KS4" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica Linnaeus</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
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In California the members of this genus are most prevalent in montane habitats, although a few species occur in drier, low elevation sites.
<taxonomicName id="5BBA4D87D8F914C768AA568093D88EC3" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:2506" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Formica</taxonomicName>
species are ground-nesting ants with generalist foraging habits. Francoeurs (1973) authoritative revision of the
<taxonomicName id="D87A314E9F6F88A98041888F7CFF58D2" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29086" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica fusca Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fusca">Formica fusca-group</taxonomicName>
allows the species in that group to be relatively easily identified. Taxonomic difficulties still plague the
<taxonomicName id="0C5C63E83AA81BCC2990C0A62D0A5356" LSID-HNS="urn:lsid:biosci.ohio-state.edu:osuc_concepts:29198" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Formica" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName-HNS="Formica rufa Linnaeus" order="Hymenoptera" pageNumber="29" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="rufa">Formica rufa-group</taxonomicName>
, which contains most of the remaining species in California.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7FC09AAF7CAB190ECD2EE17F84460BB1" pageNumber="29">
Species identification: keys in Francoeur (1973), Wheeler and Wheeler (1986g), Snelling and Buren (1985) and Mackay and Mackay (2002). Additional references: Agosti (1994b), Agosti and Bolton (1990b), Buren (1968a), Cole (1956d, 1956f, 1956g), Creighton(1940a, 1950a), Dlussky (1967), Francoeur and Snelling (1979),
<normalizedToken id="8F92BD60BF624A2F4E79390FD2D743F6" originalValue="Gösswald">Goesswald</normalizedToken>
(1989, 1990), Savolainen (1998), Smith (1979), Trager et al. (2005), Wilson and Brown (1955).
</paragraph>
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