774 lines
91 KiB
XML
774 lines
91 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="28E6C426E5C6995097EA4FE2CD544E47">Systematic status of the rare Himalayan wolf snake Lycodon mackinnoni Wall 1906 (Serpentes: Colubridae)</mods:title>
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<mods:affiliation id="76640F368569BD09773AA09D12776129">Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London, UK & Senckenberg Natural History Collections, Königsbrücker Landstrasse 159, 01109 Dresden, Germany & veerappandeepak @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0002 - 8826 - 9367</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="8B523B1BFFD4FFD04C81FF64FC0EFCA1" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4784047" ID-GBIF-Taxon="182384160" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4784047" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B523B1BFFD4FFD04C81FF64FC0EFCA1" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/8B523B1BFFD4FFD04C81FF64FC0EFCA1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD4FFDC4C81FF64FDBFFF15" authority="Wall, 1906" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[151,546,223,250]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
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<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4C81FF64FE0AFF16" bold="true" box="[151,407,223,250]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4D88FF64FDBFFF15" author="Wall, F." box="[414,546,223,249]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
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(
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<figureCitation id="9BC09688FFD4FFDC4E24FF64FD05FF15" box="[562,664,223,249]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 2" captionStart-1="FIGURE 3" captionStart-2="FIGURE 4" captionStart-3="FIGURE 5" captionStart-4="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="3.[151,250,1943,1967]" captionStartId-1="6.[151,250,1857,1881]" captionStartId-2="7.[151,250,1402,1426]" captionStartId-3="8.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionStartId-4="9.[151,250,1024,1048]" captionTargetBox-0="[250,1332,193,1907]" captionTargetBox-1="[151,1436,181,1821]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1432,154,1370]" captionTargetBox-3="[161,1428,878,1953]" captionTargetBox-4="[441,1145,181,1000]" captionTargetId-0="figure-19@3.[243,1343,181,1919]" captionTargetId-1="figure-21@6.[151,1436,181,1833]" captionTargetId-2="figure-19@7.[151,1437,143,1378]" captionTargetId-3="figure-358@8.[151,1436,869,1958]" captionTargetId-4="figure-19@9.[441,1145,181,1000]" captionTargetPageId-0="3" captionTargetPageId-1="6" captionTargetPageId-2="7" captionTargetPageId-3="8" captionTargetPageId-4="9" captionText-0="FIGURE 2. Maximum likelihood phylogeny showing relationships of Lycodon mackinnoni with other Lycodon species. Samples in blue are sequences generated from India. ML bootstrap support and BI posterior probability are shown at each node. Incongruent nodes between the two phylogenies are shown with a “-”." captionText-1="FIGURE 3. Lycodon mackinnoni (WII- ADR197). A: in-situ, B: ex-situ. (Photos by Abhijit Das)." captionText-2="FIGURE 4. Preserved specimen of Lycodon mackinnoni (WII- ADR197). A: Dorsal view and B: Ventral view of full body, C: Dorsal view of head, D: Ventral view of head and E: Lateral view of head." captionText-3="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Lycodon mackinnoni (BMNH 1946.1.13.81). A: Dorsal view and B: Ventral view of full body, C: Dorsal view of head, D: Ventral view of head and E: Lateral view of head." captionText-4="FIGURE 6. Drawing of Lycodon mackinnoni reproduced from Wall’s (1906) original description. Note the missing loreal scales." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736665" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736667" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736669" figureDoi-3="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736671" figureDoi-4="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736673" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/4736665/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/4736667/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/4736669/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/4736671/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/4736673/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Fig. 2–6</figureCitation>
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)
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</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4C81FE9CFEA8FEAD" bold="true" box="[151,309,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Chresonymy.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4D2BFE9CFDDDFEAD" box="[317,576,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD4FFDC4D2BFE9CFDB9FEAD" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[317,548,295,321]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">Lycodon mackinnoni</taxonomicName>
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—
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4E57FE9CFD6AFEAD" author="Wall, F." box="[577,759,295,321]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall (1906: 29)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4F12FE9CFC4BFEAE" author="Smith, M. A." box="[772,982,295,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref6733" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith (1943: 263)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4FF5FE93FB37FEAD" author="Lanza, B." box="[995,1194,295,322]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="89 - 104" refId="ref6180" refString="Lanza, B. (1999) A new specics of Lycodon from the Philippines, with a key to the genus (Reptilia Serpentes Colubridae). Tropical Zoology, 12 (1), 89 - 104. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 03946975.1999.10539380" type="journal article" year="1999">Lanza (1999: 99)</bibRefCitation>
|
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, Whitaker & Captain (2004: 24),
|
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4D0DFEF0FD84FE89" author="Bahuguna, A." box="[283,537,331,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 621" refId="ref5096" refString="Bahuguna, A. (2010) Reptilia. In: Director (Ed.), Fauna of Uttarakhand. State fauna. Series 18. Part 1. Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, pp. 1 - 621." type="book chapter" year="2010">Bahuguna (2010: 481)</bibRefCitation>
|
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,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4E32FEF0FCD6FE8A" author="Wallach, V. & Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J." box="[548,843,331,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref7104" refString="Wallach, V., Williams, K. L. & Boundy, J. (2014) Snakes of the World: A catalogue of living and extinct Species. Taylor & Francis Group, London, 1237 pp." type="book" year="2014">
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Wallach
|
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<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4E90FEF7FD2AFE89" box="[646,695,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
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. (2014: 395)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4F41FEF7FBC2FE8A" author="Das, I. & Das, A." box="[855,1119,331,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref5312" refString="Das, I. & Das, A. (2017) A naturalist's guide to the reptiles of India, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal, Pakistan and Sri Lanka. John Beaufoy Publishing Ltd, Oxford, 176 pp." type="book" year="2017">Das & Das (2017: 166)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC487CFEF0FAE4FE8A" author="Ganesh, S. R. & Punith, K. G. & Achyuthan, N. S. & Mallik, A. K. & Vogel, G." box="[1130,1401,331,358]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="74 - 84" refId="ref5618" refString="Ganesh, S. R., Deuti. K., Punith, K. G., Achyuthan, N. S., Mallik, A. K. & Vogel, G. (2020) A new species of Lycodon (Serpentes: Colubridae) from the Deccan Plateau of India, with notes on the range of Lycodon travancoricus (Beddome, 1870) and a revised key to peninsular Indian forms. Amphibian & Reptile Conservation, 17 (3), 74 - 84." type="journal article" year="2020">
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Ganesh
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC48D3FEF7FB6BFE89" box="[1221,1270,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
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. (2020: 75)
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4C81FED4FE0DFE65" box="[151,400,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
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<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD4FFDC4C81FED4FEE9FE65" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1923" box="[151,372,367,393]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Ophites" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">Ophites mackinnoni</taxonomicName>
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—
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</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4D87FED4FDD5FE66" author="Wall, F." box="[401,584,367,394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="598 - 632" refId="ref7070" refString="Wall, F. (1923) A hand-list of snakes of the Indian empire. Part II. The Journal of the Bombay Natural History Society, 29, 598 - 632." type="journal article" year="1923">Wall (1923:614)</bibRefCitation>
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</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1FE28FB67FE3E" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4CD1FE28FE13FE41" bold="true" box="[199,398,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Common Name.</emphasis>
|
||
Himalayan snake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4E67FE28FD6FFE42" author="Wall, F." box="[625,754,403,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Mackinnon’s Wolf Snake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4855FE28FB5BFE41" author="Wall, F." box="[1091,1222,403,429]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC48C3FE2FFA05FE41" author="Uetz, P. & Freed, P. & Hosek, J." box="[1237,1432,403,430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref6971" refString="Uetz, P., Freed, P. & Hosek, J. (2020) The Reptile Database. Available from: http: // reptile-database. reptarium. cz (accessed 1 January 2020)" type="url" year="2020">
|
||
Uetz
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4903FE2FFAD6FE41" box="[1301,1355,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2020
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4C81FE0CFEBEFE3D" author="Smith, M. A." box="[151,291,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" refId="ref6733" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith, 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Mussoorie wolf snake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC4E2BFE0CFD66FE3D" author="Bahuguna, A." box="[573,763,439,465]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="1 - 621" refId="ref5096" refString="Bahuguna, A. (2010) Reptilia. In: Director (Ed.), Fauna of Uttarakhand. State fauna. Series 18. Part 1. Vertebrates. Zoological Survey of India, M-Block, New Alipore, Kolkata, pp. 1 - 621." type="book chapter" year="2010">Bahuguna, 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), Himalayan wolf snake (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD4FFDC480EFE0CFB6EFE3E" author="Manhas, A. & Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A." box="[1048,1267,439,466]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref6299" refString="Manhas, A., Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A. (2015) First record of Himalayan Wolf Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) in Doda District of Lower Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India. World Research Journal Biology of Biological Sciences, 1 (1), 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Manhas
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC486CFE03FB36FE3D" box="[1146,1195,439,465]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BE1D986FFD4FFDC4CD1FE60FE20FD69" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1FE60FD62FDF6" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B3938050FFD4FFDC4CD1FE60FD62FDF6" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117088302" collectionCode="BMNH" country="India" latitude="30.4595" location="Neighbourhood of Mussoorie" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="78.0715" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" specimenCode="BMNH 1946.1" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttar Pradesh" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4CD1FE60FEA6FE19" bold="true" box="[199,315,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD4FFDC4CD1FE60FEABFE19" box="[199,310,475,501]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<specimenCode id="535D2276FFD4FFDC4D50FE67FE68FE19" box="[326,501,475,502]" collectionCode="BMNH" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">BMNH 1946.1</specimenCode>
|
||
.13.81 adult female, in “
|
||
<location id="0624DCD6FFD4FFDC4F19FE60FBF6FE19" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:8B523B1BFFD4FFD04C81FF64FC0EFCA1:0624DCD6FFD4FFDC4F19FE60FBF6FE19" box="[783,1131,475,501]" country="India" latitude="30.4595" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="78.0715" name="Neighbourhood of Mussoorie" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" stateProvince="Uttar Pradesh">Neighbourhood of Mussoorie</location>
|
||
”,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C13F44EFFFD4FFDC4892FE67FABFFE19" box="[1156,1314,475,502]" country="India" name="Uttar Pradesh" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Uttar Pradesh</collectingRegion>
|
||
(presently
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C13F44EFFFD4FFDC4C81FE44FEBBFDF6" box="[151,294,511,538]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BECCA9DFFD4FFDC4D2FFE44FEEEFDF5" box="[313,371,511,537]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
(roughly
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66CFECCAFFD4FFDC4DF7FE44FDF8FDF6" box="[481,613,511,538]" degrees="30.4595" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="30.4595">30.4595° N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66CFECCAFFD4FFDC4E66FE44FD6FFDF6" box="[624,754,511,538]" degrees="78.0715" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="78.0715">78.0715° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
).
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1FD98FE20FD69" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4CD1FD98FE38FDD1" bold="true" box="[199,421,547,573]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Referred material.</emphasis>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="B3938050FFD4FFDC4DBAFD98FE24FD69" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3117088301" collectorName="Kuldeep Rawat" country="India" elevation="1659" latitude="30.469" location="Uttarakhand" longLatPrecision="6" longitude="78.0338" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Uttarakhand">
|
||
WII-ADR197, adult female, from Dhobhighat (
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66CFECCAFFD4FFDC4FA8FD98FBA0FDD1" box="[958,1085,547,573]" degrees="30.4690" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="30.469">30.4690°N</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="66CFECCAFFD4FFDC485EFD98FB55FDD2" box="[1096,1224,547,574]" degrees="78.0338" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" precision="5" value="78.0338">78.0338° E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<elevation id="88D66D3EFFD4FFDC48C2FD98FF64FD8D" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.659" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1659.0">
|
||
<quantity id="C40327E8FFD4FFDC48C2FD98FACEFDD2" box="[1236,1363,547,574]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.659" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" unit="m" value="1659.0">1659 meter</quantity>
|
||
above sea level
|
||
</elevation>
|
||
(m asl)), near Binog Wildlife Sanctuary, Mussoorie,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="C13F44EFFFD4FFDC4F40FDFCFC7EFD8D" box="[854,995,583,609]" country="India" name="Uttarakhand" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Uttarakhand</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BECCA9DFFD4FFDC4FF9FDFCFBB6FD8D" box="[1007,1067,583,609]" name="India" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
, collected by
|
||
<collectorName id="AE0EEFDBFFD4FFDC48DCFDFCFAE4FD8E" box="[1226,1401,583,610]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Kuldeep Rawat</collectorName>
|
||
on 20 May, 2019 at 2300 hrs
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BE1D986FFD4FFDC4CD1FD34FB3FF855" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1FD34FD22F9E6" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4CD1FD34FD85FD45" bold="true" box="[199,536,655,681]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Description of adult female.</emphasis>
|
||
We provide a detailed description of WII-ADR197 as the first description of a female individual of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD4FFDC4D94FD08FDF1FD21" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[386,620,691,717]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD4FFDC4D94FD08FDF1FD21" box="[386,620,691,717]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. See
|
||
<tableCitation id="4E79BFB6FFD4FFDC4EBFFD08FD61FD21" box="[681,764,691,717]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="5.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="TABLE 2. Meristic/Morphometric data of Lycodon mackinnoni from published and present data. “-” data not available." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5784DA85FFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43" pageId="4" pageNumber="309" tableUuid="5784DA85FFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for the morphometric and meristic data. The specimen is in good condition, slightly desiccated. Slender body, generally oval-shaped in cross-section, with rounded dorsum, widest approximately at midbody, tapering posteriorly. Head suboval when viewed from the top, longer than wide, moderately distinct from the neck, sides convex, slightly converging towards the snout. Snout subovoid when viewed from the top, slightly projecting beyond the lower jaw. In lateral view, head almost flat from back to the anterior part of the eye, obtusely projecting towards the snout. Canthus rostralis indistinct in cross-section. Loreal region convex in lateral cross-section. Rostral in dorsal view partially visible, two times wider than long; frontal hexagonal, slightly longer than wide, lateral edges diverging anteriorly, more than half of the parietal height, width almost equal; parietals longer than wide, overlapping medially, subhexagonal, in contact with frontal, supraocular, two upper temporals, contacting with upper and lower postocular in right side only; prefrontal subequal in width and length, subpentagonal, slightly longer and broader than internasals. Nasal divided, anterior nasal is double in height to posterior nasal, anterior nasal subpentagonal, posterior nasal subquadrangular, in contact with the first supralabial; internasal subpentagonal, nearly equal in height and width. Loreal subhexagonal, higher than wide; touching preocular, internasal, prefrontal and posterior nasal. Supraocular slightly higher than wide in the right, merged with first preocular scale in the left side. One preocular on both side, subpentagonal. Postocular two in the right side, one in left, upper postocular fused with supraocular. Subcircular naris, dorsally visible, nostril opening covered much of the anterior nasal scale; eight supralabials on each side; 3
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4FD3FB48FC4EFAED" attach="none" box="[965,979,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">rd</superScript>
|
||
, 4
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4FFAFB48FC64FAED" attach="left" box="[1004,1017,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
and 5
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC482CFB48FBDAFAED" attach="right" box="[1082,1095,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
entering orbit, 1
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC48EFFB48FA99FAED" attach="none" box="[1273,1284,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">st</superScript>
|
||
–3
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4936FB48FAB3FAED" attach="left" box="[1312,1326,1267,1281]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">rd</superScript>
|
||
in contact with loreal, 6
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4D38FAACFEA6FAC9" attach="left" box="[302,315,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
with lower postocular, 8
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4E47FAACFDC3FAC9" attach="left" box="[593,606,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
contacting posterior lower temporal, 6
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4804FAACFB82FAC9" attach="left" box="[1042,1055,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
is the highest among all, 7
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4958FAACFAC6FAC9" attach="left" box="[1358,1371,1303,1317]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
is the widest; two anterior temporals and three posterior temporals on each side. Both anterior are almost equally wider. Eye lateral with rounded pupil, longitudinal diameter half of the distance between eye and nostril, the horizontal distance between the two eyes is almost equal to the distance between eye to snout; Mental subtriangular, wider than long. Nine infralabials (ILs), first pair longest and in midline contact, 6
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4FF4FA1CFC72FA59" attach="left" box="[994,1007,1447,1461]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
is widest among all, 9
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC48FEFA1CFB68FA59" attach="left" box="[1256,1269,1447,1461]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
is the smallest. Two pairs of genials, nearly equal in size, 1
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4E97FA70FD11FA35" attach="left" box="[641,652,1483,1497]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">st</superScript>
|
||
– 5
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4EA5FA70FD5DFA35" attach="left" box="[691,704,1483,1497]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
ILs in contact with anterior genials, in right, while in left 1
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC494BFA70FAF5FA35" attach="left" box="[1373,1384,1483,1497]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">st</superScript>
|
||
– 4
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4986FA70FA00FA35" attach="none" box="[1424,1437,1483,1497]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
in contact, 5
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4D37FA54FEB3FA11" attach="left" box="[289,302,1519,1533]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
– 6
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD4FFDC4D43FA54FEFFFA11" attach="left" box="[341,354,1519,1533]" fontSize="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">th</superScript>
|
||
with posterior genial’s contact.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1F9A8FD33F951" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Dorsal scale 17:17:15; smooth throughout the body, dorsal scales just behind the head slightly smaller than at midbody, no apical pit present, dorsal scale 17 till 115 ventral, in right side, reduction from 17 to 16 DSR is due to the fusion of 3 and 4 row at 116 ventral, reduction from 16 to 15 DSR is due to fusion of 3 and 4 row at 122 ventral scales maintained to vent. Ventral scales 186; not angulate laterally, anal divided; subcaudals 52, divided; tail not pointed, tail base subtriangular in cross-section.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1F973FED6F89D" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Dorsum greyish - brown with a network of approximately 63 white bands from just behind the head to vent. The bands are distributed profusely, connected laterally, anteriorly more spaced than posterior, in tail region bands are a little indistinct and more closer. First two rows of dorsal scale are margined with pastel white with dark brown centre. Ventrals mostly pale with light brownish edges, preventrals mostly pale with isolated and irregular light brown blotches.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD4FFDC4CD1F8C0FB3FF855" blockId="4.[151,1437,295,1978]" pageId="4" pageNumber="309">Head greyish brown, white mottling on parietals lateral side, white blotch where parietal and frontal meets medially; ventral side of the head pale; First three ILs and mental with light brown mottling.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="5784DA85FFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43" ID-Table-UUID="5784DA85FFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43" box="[151,1429,151,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/5784DA85FFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" startId="5.[151,239,151,175]" targetBox="[166,1403,191,2008]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFA08FF43" blockId="5.[151,1429,151,175]" box="[151,1429,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4C81FF2CFE97FF43" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic/Morphometric data of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD5FFDD4E74FF2CFCDDFF43" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[610,832,151,175]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4E74FF2CFCDDFF43" box="[610,832,151,175]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from published and present data. “-” data not available.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD5FFDD4CB0FF58FB05F834" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<table id="71FB78ADFFD500274CB0FF04FAE6F834" box="[166,1403,191,2008]" gridcols="5" gridrows="42" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FF04FAE6FE8B" box="[166,1403,191,359]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FF04FE40FE8B" box="[166,477,191,359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4CB0FF58FE3BFF17" bold="true" box="[166,422,227,251]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Meristic/ Morphometry</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FF04FD53FE8B" box="[515,718,191,359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4E15FF04FD11FE8B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">WII- ADR197, Dhobighat near Benog wildlife sanctuary (Present Study) (L,R)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFF04FC1CFE8B" box="[765,897,191,359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4EEBFF04FCA0FEAF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
BMNH 1946.1.13.81 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD5FFDD4F15FEBCFCEFFEF3" author="Wall, F." box="[771,882,263,287]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) (L, R)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFF04FBEDFE8B" box="[957,1136,191,359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4FABFF04FB85FEAF" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
PMNH 3916 Hattian Bala, Pakistan (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD5FFDD483EFEBCFB8CFEAF" author="Faiz, A. & Fakhar, A. I. & Bagaturov, M. F. & Zahra, L. & Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A." pageId="5" pageNumber="310" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref5474" refString="Faiz, A., Fakhar, A. I., Bagaturov, M. F., Zahra, L., Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A. (2018) First Finding and a New Species of Wolf-Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) of the Ophidian Fauna of Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). Current Studies in Herpetology, 18 (3 - 4), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.18500 / 1814 - 6090 - 2018 - 18 - 3 - 4 - 153 - 158" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Faiz
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4848FEBCFC4CFEAE" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FF04FAE6FE8B" box="[1168,1403,191,359]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4886FF04FB56FE8B" bold="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
Unvouchered Nai, Doda district, Jammu and Kashmir, India (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD5FFDD48C1FE90FB59FE8B" author="Manhas, A. & Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A." pageId="5" pageNumber="310" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref6299" refString="Manhas, A., Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A. (2015) First record of Himalayan Wolf Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) in Doda District of Lower Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India. World Research Journal Biology of Biological Sciences, 1 (1), 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Manhas
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4920FE90FAFFFEAE" bold="true" box="[1334,1378,298,322]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FECDFAE6FE62" box="[166,1403,374,398]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FECDFAE6FE62" box="[166,1403,374,398]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4CB0FECDFE9DFE62" bold="true" box="[166,256,374,398]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Meristic</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FE24FAE6FE5B" box="[166,1403,415,439]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FE24FE40FE5B" box="[166,477,415,439]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Nasal divided/Single</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FE24FD53FE5B" box="[515,718,415,439]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Divided</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFE24FC1CFE5B" box="[765,897,415,439]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Divided</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFE24FBEDFE5B" box="[957,1136,415,439]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FE24FAE6FE5B" box="[1168,1403,415,439]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FE7CFAE6FE33" box="[166,1403,455,479]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FE7CFE40FE33" box="[166,477,455,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Anal scale</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FE7CFD53FE33" box="[515,718,455,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Undivided</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFE7CFC1CFE33" box="[765,897,455,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFE7CFBEDFE33" box="[957,1136,455,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FE7CFAE6FE33" box="[1168,1403,455,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FE54FAE6FDE4" box="[166,1403,495,520]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FE54FE40FDE4" box="[166,477,495,520]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Supralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FE54FD53FDE4" box="[515,718,495,520]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">8, 8</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFE54FC1CFDE4" box="[765,897,495,520]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">8, 7</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFE54FBEDFDE4" box="[957,1136,495,520]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">8</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FE54FAE6FDE4" box="[1168,1403,495,520]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">8</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FDA3FAE6FDDC" box="[166,1403,536,560]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FDA3FE40FDDC" box="[166,477,536,560]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Infralabials</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FDA3FD53FDDC" box="[515,718,536,560]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">9, 9</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFDA3FC1CFDDC" box="[765,897,536,560]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">?, 9</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFDA3FBEDFDDC" box="[957,1136,536,560]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">7</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FDA3FAE6FDDC" box="[1168,1403,536,560]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">7</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FDFBFAE6FDB4" box="[166,1403,576,600]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FDFBFE40FDB4" box="[166,477,576,600]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Supraocular</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FDFBFD53FDB4" box="[515,718,576,600]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2, 2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFDFBFC1CFDB4" box="[765,897,576,600]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1, 1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFDFBFBEDFDB4" box="[957,1136,576,600]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FDFBFAE6FDB4" box="[1168,1403,576,600]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FDD3FAE6FD6C" box="[166,1403,616,640]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FDD3FE40FD6C" box="[166,477,616,640]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Preocular</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FDD3FD53FD6C" box="[515,718,616,640]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1, 1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFDD3FC1CFD6C" box="[765,897,616,640]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1, 1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFDD3FBEDFD6C" box="[957,1136,616,640]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FDD3FAE6FD6C" box="[1168,1403,616,640]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FD2BFAE6FD45" box="[166,1403,656,681]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FD2BFE40FD45" box="[166,477,656,681]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Postocular</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FD2BFD53FD45" box="[515,718,656,681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1, 2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFD2BFC1CFD45" box="[765,897,656,681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2, 2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFD2BFBEDFD45" box="[957,1136,656,681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FD2BFAE6FD45" box="[1168,1403,656,681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FD02FAE6FD3D" box="[166,1403,697,721]" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FD02FE40FD3D" box="[166,477,697,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Loreal Scale</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FD02FD53FD3D" box="[515,718,697,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1, 1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFD02FC1CFD3D" box="[765,897,697,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">0</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFD02FBEDFD3D" box="[957,1136,697,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FD02FAE6FD3D" box="[1168,1403,697,721]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FD5AFAE6FD15" box="[166,1403,737,761]" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FD5AFE40FD15" box="[166,477,737,761]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Internasal</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FD5AFD53FD15" box="[515,718,737,761]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2, 2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFD5AFC1CFD15" box="[765,897,737,761]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2, 2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFD5AFBEDFD15" box="[957,1136,737,761]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FD5AFAE6FD15" box="[1168,1403,737,761]" gridcol="4" gridrow="10" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FCB2FAE6FCCE" box="[166,1403,777,802]" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FCB2FE40FCCE" box="[166,477,777,802]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Supralabial- eye</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FCB2FD53FCCE" box="[515,718,777,802]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">3–5, 3–5</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFCB2FC1CFCCE" box="[765,897,777,802]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFCB2FBEDFCCE" box="[957,1136,777,802]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FCB2FAE6FCCE" box="[1168,1403,777,802]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FC8AFAE6FCA6" box="[166,1403,817,842]" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FC8AFE40FCA6" box="[166,477,817,842]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Supralabials-Nasal</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FC8AFD53FCA6" box="[515,718,817,842]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1,1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFC8AFC1CFCA6" box="[765,897,817,842]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFC8AFBEDFCA6" box="[957,1136,817,842]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FC8AFAE6FCA6" box="[1168,1403,817,842]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FCE2FAE6FC9E" box="[166,1403,857,882]" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FCE2FE40FC9E" box="[166,477,857,882]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Infralabial to anterior genial</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FCE2FD53FC9E" box="[515,718,857,882]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1–4, 1–5</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFCE2FC1CFC9E" box="[765,897,857,882]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFCE2FBEDFC9E" box="[957,1136,857,882]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FCE2FAE6FC9E" box="[1168,1403,857,882]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FC39FAE6FC76" box="[166,1403,898,922]" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FC39FE40FC76" box="[166,477,898,922]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Infralabial to posterior genial</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FC39FD53FC76" box="[515,718,898,922]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">5–6,5–6</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFC39FC1CFC76" box="[765,897,898,922]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFC39FBEDFC76" box="[957,1136,898,922]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FC39FAE6FC76" box="[1168,1403,898,922]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FC11FAE6FC2E" box="[166,1403,938,962]" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FC11FE40FC2E" box="[166,477,938,962]" gridcol="0" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Temporal</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FC11FD53FC2E" box="[515,718,938,962]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2+3, 2+3</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFC11FC1CFC2E" box="[765,897,938,962]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2+2, 2+2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFC11FBEDFC2E" box="[957,1136,938,962]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">5(2+3)</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FC11FAE6FC2E" box="[1168,1403,938,962]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">5(2+3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FC69FAE6FC06" box="[166,1403,978,1002]" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FC69FE40FC06" box="[166,477,978,1002]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Dorsal Body Scales</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FC69FD53FC06" box="[515,718,978,1002]" gridcol="1" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">17-17-15</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFC69FC1CFC06" box="[765,897,978,1002]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">17-17-15</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFC69FBEDFC06" box="[957,1136,978,1002]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">17-17-15</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FC69FAE6FC06" box="[1168,1403,978,1002]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">17-0-15</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FC41FAE6FBFF" box="[166,1403,1018,1043]" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FC41FE40FBFF" box="[166,477,1018,1043]" gridcol="0" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Ventrals</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FC41FD53FBFF" box="[515,718,1018,1043]" gridcol="1" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">186</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFC41FC1CFBFF" box="[765,897,1018,1043]" gridcol="2" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">185</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFC41FBEDFBFF" box="[957,1136,1018,1043]" gridcol="3" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">180</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FC41FAE6FBFF" box="[1168,1403,1018,1043]" gridcol="4" gridrow="17" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">193</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FB98FAE6FBD7" box="[166,1403,1059,1083]" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FB98FE40FBD7" box="[166,477,1059,1083]" gridcol="0" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Subcaudals</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FB98FD53FBD7" box="[515,718,1059,1083]" gridcol="1" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">52</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFB98FC1CFBD7" box="[765,897,1059,1083]" gridcol="2" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">54</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFB98FBEDFBD7" box="[957,1136,1059,1083]" gridcol="3" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">57</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FB98FAE6FBD7" box="[1168,1403,1059,1083]" gridcol="4" gridrow="18" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">53</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FBF1FAE6FB8F" box="[166,1403,1098,1123]" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FBF1FAE6FB8F" box="[166,1403,1098,1123]" colspan="5" colspanRight="4" gridcol="0" gridrow="19" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD5FFDD4CB0FBF0FE1DFB8E" bold="true" box="[166,384,1098,1123]" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Morphometry (mm)</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FBC8FAE6FB67" box="[166,1403,1139,1163]" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FBC8FE40FB67" box="[166,477,1139,1163]" gridcol="0" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Snout-Vent length</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FBC8FD53FB67" box="[515,718,1139,1163]" gridcol="1" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">380</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFBC8FC1CFB67" box="[765,897,1139,1163]" gridcol="2" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">309</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFBC8FBEDFB67" box="[957,1136,1139,1163]" gridcol="3" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">350</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FBC8FAE6FB67" box="[1168,1403,1139,1163]" gridcol="4" gridrow="20" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">354</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FB20FAE6FB5F" box="[166,1403,1179,1203]" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FB20FE40FB5F" box="[166,477,1179,1203]" gridcol="0" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Tail Length</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FB20FD53FB5F" box="[515,718,1179,1203]" gridcol="1" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">85</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFB20FC1CFB5F" box="[765,897,1179,1203]" gridcol="2" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">41</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFB20FBEDFB5F" box="[957,1136,1179,1203]" gridcol="3" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">88.2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FB20FAE6FB5F" box="[1168,1403,1179,1203]" gridcol="4" gridrow="21" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">80</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FB78FAE6FB30" box="[166,1403,1219,1244]" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FB78FE40FB30" box="[166,477,1219,1244]" gridcol="0" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Total Length</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FB78FD53FB30" box="[515,718,1219,1244]" gridcol="1" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">465</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFB78FC1CFB30" box="[765,897,1219,1244]" gridcol="2" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">350</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFB78FBEDFB30" box="[957,1136,1219,1244]" gridcol="3" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">438.2</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FB78FAE6FB30" box="[1168,1403,1219,1244]" gridcol="4" gridrow="22" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">435</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FB57FAE6FAE8" box="[166,1403,1260,1284]" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FB57FE40FAE8" box="[166,477,1260,1284]" gridcol="0" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Head height at jaw angle</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FB57FD53FAE8" box="[515,718,1260,1284]" gridcol="1" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">3.26</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFB57FC1CFAE8" box="[765,897,1260,1284]" gridcol="2" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFB57FBEDFAE8" box="[957,1136,1260,1284]" gridcol="3" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">4.1</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FB57FAE6FAE8" box="[1168,1403,1260,1284]" gridcol="4" gridrow="23" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FAAFFAE6FAC0" box="[166,1403,1300,1324]" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FAAFFE40FAC0" box="[166,477,1300,1324]" gridcol="0" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Head width at jaw angle</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FAAFFD53FAC0" box="[515,718,1300,1324]" gridcol="1" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">6.25</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFAAFFC1CFAC0" box="[765,897,1300,1324]" gridcol="2" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFAAFFBEDFAC0" box="[957,1136,1300,1324]" gridcol="3" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">5.0</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FAAFFAE6FAC0" box="[1168,1403,1300,1324]" gridcol="4" gridrow="24" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">3.0-5.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FA87FAE6FAB8" box="[166,1403,1340,1364]" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FA87FE40FAB8" box="[166,477,1340,1364]" gridcol="0" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Head length</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FA87FD53FAB8" box="[515,718,1340,1364]" gridcol="1" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">8.48</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFA87FC1CFAB8" box="[765,897,1340,1364]" gridcol="2" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFA87FBEDFAB8" box="[957,1136,1340,1364]" gridcol="3" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">11.4</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FA87FAE6FAB8" box="[1168,1403,1340,1364]" gridcol="4" gridrow="25" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">12.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FADFFAE6FA91" box="[166,1403,1380,1405]" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FADFFE40FA91" box="[166,477,1380,1405]" gridcol="0" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Eye diameter</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FADFFD53FA91" box="[515,718,1380,1405]" gridcol="1" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.37</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFADFFC1CFA91" box="[765,897,1380,1405]" gridcol="2" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFADFFBEDFA91" box="[957,1136,1380,1405]" gridcol="3" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.7</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FADFFAE6FA91" box="[1168,1403,1380,1405]" gridcol="4" gridrow="26" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.0</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FA36FAE6FA49" box="[166,1403,1421,1445]" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FA36FE40FA49" box="[166,477,1421,1445]" gridcol="0" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Eye to nostrils</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FA36FD53FA49" box="[515,718,1421,1445]" gridcol="1" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2.92</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFA36FC1CFA49" box="[765,897,1421,1445]" gridcol="2" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFA36FBEDFA49" box="[957,1136,1421,1445]" gridcol="3" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FA36FAE6FA49" box="[1168,1403,1421,1445]" gridcol="4" gridrow="27" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FA0EFAE6FA21" box="[166,1403,1461,1485]" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FA0EFE40FA21" box="[166,477,1461,1485]" gridcol="0" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Eye to snout</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FA0EFD53FA21" box="[515,718,1461,1485]" gridcol="1" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">3.40</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFA0EFC1CFA21" box="[765,897,1461,1485]" gridcol="2" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFA0EFBEDFA21" box="[957,1136,1461,1485]" gridcol="3" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FA0EFAE6FA21" box="[1168,1403,1461,1485]" gridcol="4" gridrow="28" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0FA66FAE6FA19" box="[166,1403,1501,1525]" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0FA66FE40FA19" box="[166,477,1501,1525]" gridcol="0" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Nostril to snout</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15FA66FD53FA19" box="[515,718,1501,1525]" gridcol="1" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">0.98</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBFA66FC1CFA19" box="[765,897,1501,1525]" gridcol="2" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABFA66FBEDFA19" box="[957,1136,1501,1525]" gridcol="3" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886FA66FAE6FA19" box="[1168,1403,1501,1525]" gridcol="4" gridrow="29" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F9BEFAE6F9F1" box="[166,1403,1541,1565]" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F9BEFE40F9F1" box="[166,477,1541,1565]" gridcol="0" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Frontal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F9BEFD53F9F1" box="[515,718,1541,1565]" gridcol="1" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2.14/3.05</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF9BEFC1CF9F1" box="[765,897,1541,1565]" gridcol="2" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF9BEFBEDF9F1" box="[957,1136,1541,1565]" gridcol="3" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F9BEFAE6F9F1" box="[1168,1403,1541,1565]" gridcol="4" gridrow="30" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F996FAE6F9AA" box="[166,1403,1581,1606]" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F996FE40F9AA" box="[166,477,1581,1606]" gridcol="0" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Parietal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F996FD53F9AA" box="[515,718,1581,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2.25/4.10</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF996FC1CF9AA" box="[765,897,1581,1606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF996FBEDF9AA" box="[957,1136,1581,1606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F996FAE6F9AA" box="[1168,1403,1581,1606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="31" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F9EDFAE6F982" box="[166,1403,1622,1646]" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F9EDFE40F982" box="[166,477,1622,1646]" gridcol="0" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Prefrontal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F9EDFD53F982" box="[515,718,1622,1646]" gridcol="1" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">2.08/2.04</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF9EDFC1CF982" box="[765,897,1622,1646]" gridcol="2" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF9EDFBEDF982" box="[957,1136,1622,1646]" gridcol="3" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F9EDFAE6F982" box="[1168,1403,1622,1646]" gridcol="4" gridrow="32" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F9C5FAE6F97A" box="[166,1403,1662,1686]" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F9C5FE40F97A" box="[166,477,1662,1686]" gridcol="0" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Internasal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F9C5FD53F97A" box="[515,718,1662,1686]" gridcol="1" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.37/1.18</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF9C5FC1CF97A" box="[765,897,1662,1686]" gridcol="2" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF9C5FBEDF97A" box="[957,1136,1662,1686]" gridcol="3" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F9C5FAE6F97A" box="[1168,1403,1662,1686]" gridcol="4" gridrow="33" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F91DFAE6F952" box="[166,1403,1702,1726]" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F91DFE40F952" box="[166,477,1702,1726]" gridcol="0" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Supraocular (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F91DFD53F952" box="[515,718,1702,1726]" gridcol="1" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.04/1.91</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF91DFC1CF952" box="[765,897,1702,1726]" gridcol="2" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF91DFBEDF952" box="[957,1136,1702,1726]" gridcol="3" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F91DFAE6F952" box="[1168,1403,1702,1726]" gridcol="4" gridrow="34" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F975FAE6F90B" box="[166,1403,1742,1767]" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F975FE40F90B" box="[166,477,1742,1767]" gridcol="0" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Rostral (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F975FD53F90B" box="[515,718,1742,1767]" gridcol="1" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.59/0.61</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF975FC1CF90B" box="[765,897,1742,1767]" gridcol="2" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF975FBEDF90B" box="[957,1136,1742,1767]" gridcol="3" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F975FAE6F90B" box="[1168,1403,1742,1767]" gridcol="4" gridrow="35" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F94CFAE6F8E3" box="[166,1403,1783,1807]" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F94CFE40F8E3" box="[166,477,1783,1807]" gridcol="0" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Loreal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F94CFD53F8E3" box="[515,718,1783,1807]" gridcol="1" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">0.95/1.81</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF94CFC1CF8E3" box="[765,897,1783,1807]" gridcol="2" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF94CFBEDF8E3" box="[957,1136,1783,1807]" gridcol="3" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F94CFAE6F8E3" box="[1168,1403,1783,1807]" gridcol="4" gridrow="36" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F8A4FAE6F8DB" box="[166,1403,1823,1847]" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F8A4FE40F8DB" box="[166,477,1823,1847]" gridcol="0" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Anterior nasal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F8A4FD53F8DB" box="[515,718,1823,1847]" gridcol="1" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">0.37/0.78</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF8A4FC1CF8DB" box="[765,897,1823,1847]" gridcol="2" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF8A4FBEDF8DB" box="[957,1136,1823,1847]" gridcol="3" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F8A4FAE6F8DB" box="[1168,1403,1823,1847]" gridcol="4" gridrow="37" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F8FCFAE6F8B3" box="[166,1403,1863,1887]" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F8FCFE40F8B3" box="[166,477,1863,1887]" gridcol="0" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Posterior nasal (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F8FCFD53F8B3" box="[515,718,1863,1887]" gridcol="1" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">0.38/0.36</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF8FCFC1CF8B3" box="[765,897,1863,1887]" gridcol="2" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF8FCFBEDF8B3" box="[957,1136,1863,1887]" gridcol="3" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F8FCFAE6F8B3" box="[1168,1403,1863,1887]" gridcol="4" gridrow="38" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F8D4FAE6F86B" box="[166,1403,1903,1927]" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F8D4FE40F86B" box="[166,477,1903,1927]" gridcol="0" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Anterior genial (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F8D4FD53F86B" box="[515,718,1903,1927]" gridcol="1" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.15/1.84</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF8D4FC1CF86B" box="[765,897,1903,1927]" gridcol="2" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF8D4FBEDF86B" box="[957,1136,1903,1927]" gridcol="3" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F8D4FAE6F86B" box="[1168,1403,1903,1927]" gridcol="4" gridrow="39" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F823FAE6F85C" box="[166,1403,1944,1968]" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F823FE40F85C" box="[166,477,1944,1968]" gridcol="0" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Posterior genial (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F823FD53F85C" box="[515,718,1944,1968]" gridcol="1" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.09/1.71</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF823FC1CF85C" box="[765,897,1944,1968]" gridcol="2" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF823FBEDF85C" box="[957,1136,1944,1968]" gridcol="3" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F823FAE6F85C" box="[1168,1403,1944,1968]" gridcol="4" gridrow="40" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BDCB884FFFD500274CB0F87BFAE6F834" box="[166,1403,1984,2008]" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">
|
||
<th id="FE1AE133FFD500274CB0F87BFE40F834" box="[166,477,1984,2008]" gridcol="0" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">Mental (width/height)</th>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274E15F87BFD53F834" box="[515,718,1984,2008]" gridcol="1" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">1.21/0.98</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274EEBF87BFC1CF834" box="[765,897,1984,2008]" gridcol="2" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274FABF87BFBEDF834" box="[957,1136,1984,2008]" gridcol="3" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
<td id="FE1AE133FFD500274886F87BFAE6F834" box="[1168,1403,1984,2008]" gridcol="4" gridrow="41" pageId="5" pageNumber="310">-</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="5784DA85FFD6FFDE4C81F8FAFBE4F8B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736667" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736667" box="[151,1145,1857,1881]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736667/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="311" startId="6.[151,250,1857,1881]" targetBox="[151,1436,181,1821]" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD6FFDE4C81F8FAFBE4F8B5" blockId="6.[151,1145,1857,1881]" box="[151,1145,1857,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD6FFDE4C81F8FAFE8EF8B5" bold="true" box="[151,275,1857,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD6FFDE4D0FF8FAFE71F8B5" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[281,492,1857,1881]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="6" pageNumber="311" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD6FFDE4D0FF8FAFE71F8B5" box="[281,492,1857,1881]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WII- ADR197).
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD6FFDE4EB4F8FAFD21F8B5" bold="true" box="[674,700,1857,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">A:</emphasis>
|
||
in-situ,
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD6FFDE4F06F8FAFCB7F8B5" bold="true" box="[784,810,1857,1881]" pageId="6" pageNumber="311">B:</emphasis>
|
||
ex-situ. (Photos by Abhijit Das).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5784DA85FFD7FFDF4C81FAC1FC10FA5A" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736669" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4736669" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736669/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" startId="7.[151,250,1402,1426]" targetBox="[162,1432,154,1370]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD7FFDF4C81FAC1FC10FA5A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1402,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4C81FAC1FE8FFA7E" bold="true" box="[151,274,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Preserved specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD7FFDF4E15FAC1FD48FA7E" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[515,725,1402,1426]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4E15FAC1FD48FA7E" box="[515,725,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WII- ADR197).
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4F86FAC1FC37FA7E" bold="true" box="[912,938,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">A:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view and
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF484DFAC1FBE8FA7E" bold="true" box="[1115,1141,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">B:</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of full body,
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4997FAC1FA00FA7E" bold="true" box="[1409,1437,1402,1426]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">C:</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal view of head,
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4D67FA25FE16FA5A" bold="true" box="[369,395,1438,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">D:</emphasis>
|
||
Ventral view of head and
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4E83FA25FD33FA5A" bold="true" box="[661,686,1438,1462]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">E:</emphasis>
|
||
Lateral view of head.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BE1D986FFD7FFDF4CD1FA58FA00F8B1" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD7FFDF4CD1FA58FA00F8B1" blockId="7.[151,1437,1507,2026]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4CD1FA58FD80FA11" bold="true" box="[199,541,1507,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">
|
||
Comparison with
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD7FFDF4DB9FA58FD85FA11" box="[431,536,1507,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
The new specimen matches the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD7FFDF4FAAFA58FB83FA11" box="[956,1054,1507,1533]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
with the following exceptions. In WII-ADR197, loreal scale is present which was reported to be absent in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF4835F9BDFB2CF9CD" author="Wall, F." box="[1059,1201,1542,1569]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. Subsequent reports of the species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF4D5AF991FDA8F9A8" author="Manhas, A. & Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A." box="[332,565,1577,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="2 - 4" refId="ref6299" refString="Manhas, A., Wanganeo, R. R. N. & Wanganeo, A. (2015) First record of Himalayan Wolf Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) in Doda District of Lower Himalayas, Jammu and Kashmir, India. World Research Journal Biology of Biological Sciences, 1 (1), 2 - 4." type="journal article" year="2015">
|
||
Manhas
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4DA4F991FE75F9A8" box="[434,488,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2015
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF4E50F991FC98F9A8" author="Faiz, A. & Fakhar, A. I. & Bagaturov, M. F. & Zahra, L. & Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A." box="[582,773,1578,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref5474" refString="Faiz, A., Fakhar, A. I., Bagaturov, M. F., Zahra, L., Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A. (2018) First Finding and a New Species of Wolf-Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) of the Ophidian Fauna of Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). Current Studies in Herpetology, 18 (3 - 4), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.18500 / 1814 - 6090 - 2018 - 18 - 3 - 4 - 153 - 158" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Faiz
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4E97F991FD23F9A8" box="[641,702,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF4F03F991FB90F9A8" author="Jablonski, D. & Masroor, R. & Muazzam, A. K. & Altaf, M." box="[789,1037,1578,1604]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="21 - 23" refId="ref5906" refString="Jablonski, D., Masroor, R., Muazzam, A. K. & Altaf, M. (2019) Addition to the snake fauna of Pakistan: Mackinnon's Wolf Snake, Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906. Herpetological Bulletin, 147, 21 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.33256 / hb 147.2123" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Jablonski
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4F9CF991FC5DF9A8" box="[906,960,1578,1604]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) reported presence of loreal scale as a character. This is quite intriguing for the fact that loreal is present in the topotypic material (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BC09688FFD7FFDF4911F9F6FAFFF98B" box="[1287,1378,1613,1639]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1402,1426]" captionTargetBox="[162,1432,154,1370]" captionTargetId="figure-19@7.[151,1437,143,1378]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 4. Preserved specimen of Lycodon mackinnoni (WII- ADR197). A: Dorsal view and B: Ventral view of full body, C: Dorsal view of head, D: Ventral view of head and E: Lateral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736669" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736669/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Fig. 4E</figureCitation>
|
||
). We suspect that since the specimen submitted to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF4EB8F9CBFCA5F967" author="Wall, F." box="[686,824,1648,1675]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
was “mutilated” (
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4804F9CAFBACF966" box="[1042,1073,1649,1674]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">sic</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD7FFDF482BF9CBFB21F966" author="Wall, F." box="[1085,1212,1648,1674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" pagination="29 - 30" refId="ref7041" refString="Wall, F. (1906) A new Himalayan snake (Lycodon mackinnoni). Journal of Bombay Natural Hisory Society, 17, 29 - 30." type="journal article" year="1906">Wall, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF48AAF9CBFB58F966" bold="true" box="[1212,1221,1648,1674]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">)</emphasis>
|
||
on the head, thus there may be a mismatch. As we have observed the type it was difficult to ascertain the presence of loreal scale from the desiccated head scales (
|
||
<figureCitation id="9BC09688FFD7FFDF4E75F90DFD31F93D" box="[611,684,1718,1745]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1982,2006]" captionTargetBox="[161,1428,878,1953]" captionTargetId="figure-358@8.[151,1436,869,1958]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 5. Holotype of Lycodon mackinnoni (BMNH 1946.1.13.81). A: Dorsal view and B: Ventral view of full body, C: Dorsal view of head, D: Ventral view of head and E: Lateral view of head." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4736671" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4736671/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
|
||
. However, in the place of loreal scale we noticed a long space inbetween preocular and the nasal. The new specimen differs in having one left postocular, while there are two in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD7FFDF4CF0F946FED1F8FB" box="[230,332,1789,1815]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. BMNH 1946.1.13.81 has 8,7 SLs, 2+2 anterior temporals (AT) and posterior temporals (PT) while the new specimen has 8,8 SLs, 2+3 AT and PT. Moreover,
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD7FFDF4F9EF89BFC77F8D6" box="[904,1002,1824,1850]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
has separate prefrontal and internasal on the right side while on the left side they are fused. The rest of the characters match with the
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD7FFDF4925F8F8FA04F8B1" box="[1331,1433,1859,1885]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4BE1D986FFD7FFD04CD1F8DCFC0EFCA1" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD7FFD04CD1F8DCFECCFDFC" blockId="7.[151,1437,1507,2026]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,846]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="313" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4CD1F8DCFD84F86C" bold="true" box="[199,537,1894,1921]" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Natural history and habitat:</emphasis>
|
||
On the 20
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD7FFDF4E99F8DDFD01F898" attach="left" box="[655,668,1894,1908]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">th</superScript>
|
||
of May at 23:00 hrs, a gravid female individual was observed active on the ground along a foot trail on a ~50
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD7FFDF4E7BF831FDE8F874" attach="left" box="[621,629,1930,1944]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">o</superScript>
|
||
slope. The snake was found active at 16.7
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD7FFDF4848F831FBE7F848" attach="right" box="[1118,1146,1930,1956]" fontSize="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">oC</superScript>
|
||
ambient temperature and relative humidity of 48.1%. The area was a part of south-facing slope of the outer Himalayas dominated by
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF492BF816FED6F806" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Quarcus leucotricophora</emphasis>
|
||
(Camus) and weedy
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD7FFDF4E22F86BFC05F806" authority="(Spreng)" baseAuthorityName="Spreng" box="[564,920,2000,2026]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Ageratina" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="7" pageNumber="312" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="adenophora">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD7FFDF4E22F86BFCADF806" box="[564,816,2000,2026]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="312">Ageratina adenophora</emphasis>
|
||
(Spreng)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and is greatly modified for human and grazing use. Ground vegetations are sparse and shunted. The area was mostly rocky and a considerable part of it was in the form of limestone. The soil in the region is generally medium loam but its composition, depth, moisture and humus content varies considerably from place to place depending upon aspect, slopes and soil cover.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD0492BFF66FE87FEF6" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD0492BFF66FE87FEF6" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a montane and generally nocturnal species. It is a low to medium (
|
||
<quantity id="C40327E8FFD8FFD0480FFEBBFB34FEF7" box="[1049,1193,256,283]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3915" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="0.783" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" unit="m" value="1391.5" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="783.0">783–2000 m</quantity>
|
||
) hill dwelling species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD8FFD04C89FE98FECBFED2" author="Faiz, A. & Fakhar, A. I. & Bagaturov, M. F. & Zahra, L. & Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A." box="[159,342,291,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref5474" refString="Faiz, A., Fakhar, A. I., Bagaturov, M. F., Zahra, L., Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A. (2018) First Finding and a New Species of Wolf-Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) of the Ophidian Fauna of Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). Current Studies in Herpetology, 18 (3 - 4), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.18500 / 1814 - 6090 - 2018 - 18 - 3 - 4 - 153 - 158" type="journal article" year="2018">Faiz et al. 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD8FFD04D72FE98FE76FED2" author="Smith, M. A." box="[356,491,291,318]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" refId="ref6733" refString="Smith, M. A. (1943) The Fauna of British India, Ceylon and Burma, Including the Whole of the Indo-Chinese Sub-Region. Reptilia and Amphibia. 3. Serpentes. Taylor and Francis, London, 263 pp." type="book" year="1943">Smith 1943</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). It inhabits the medium loam, low bushes, Banj oak forests, Chir pine forests and crop land (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD8FFD04D19FEFCFE5EFE8D" author="Faiz, A. & Fakhar, A. I. & Bagaturov, M. F. & Zahra, L. & Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A." box="[271,451,327,353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" pagination="153 - 158" refId="ref5474" refString="Faiz, A., Fakhar, A. I., Bagaturov, M. F., Zahra, L., Hassan, M. & Akahter, T. A. (2018) First Finding and a New Species of Wolf-Snake (Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906) of the Ophidian Fauna of Azad Kashmir (Pakistan). Current Studies in Herpetology, 18 (3 - 4), 153 - 158. https: // doi. org / 10.18500 / 1814 - 6090 - 2018 - 18 - 3 - 4 - 153 - 158" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Faiz
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04D5FFEFCFEE7FE8D" box="[329,378,327,353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD8FFD04DD9FEFCFD27FE8D" author="Jablonski, D. & Masroor, R. & Muazzam, A. K. & Altaf, M." box="[463,698,327,353]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" pagination="21 - 23" refId="ref5906" refString="Jablonski, D., Masroor, R., Muazzam, A. K. & Altaf, M. (2019) Addition to the snake fauna of Pakistan: Mackinnon's Wolf Snake, Lycodon mackinnoni Wall, 1906. Herpetological Bulletin, 147, 21 - 23. https: // doi. org / 10.33256 / hb 147.2123" type="journal article" year="2019">
|
||
Jablonski
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E57FEFCFDEFFE8D" box="[577,626,327,353]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">et al</emphasis>
|
||
. 2019
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The snake was docile and never attempted to bite. The sighting confirmed the terrestrial habits of the species. On the 3
|
||
<superScript id="F48E2745FFD8FFD04EE1FED1FC98FE94" attach="left" box="[759,773,362,376]" fontSize="6" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">rd</superScript>
|
||
of
|
||
<date id="7745ACCDFFD8FFD04F3FFED1FC07FE68" box="[809,922,362,388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" value="2019-06">June 2019</date>
|
||
the snake laid
|
||
<specimenCount id="15FD4184FFD8FFD04829FED1FB3AFE68" box="[1087,1191,362,388]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" type="egg">four eggs</specimenCount>
|
||
in captivity. The eggs ranged from
|
||
<quantity id="C40327E8FFD8FFD04D3FFE36FE48FE44" box="[297,469,397,424]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.13" metricValueMax="2.34" metricValueMin="1.92" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" unit="mm" value="21.299999999999997" valueMax="23.4" valueMin="19.2">19.2– 23.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
length x 9.0 –
|
||
<quantity id="C40327E8FFD8FFD04E6FFE36FD52FE44" box="[633,719,397,424]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.7" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" unit="mm" value="9.7">9.7 mm</quantity>
|
||
width. Syntopic reptilian fauna observed in its habitat included
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04C81FE0BFD8DFE27" authority="(Gray, 1853)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1853" box="[151,528,432,459]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Sibynophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="collaris">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04C81FE0BFEEFFE26" box="[151,370,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Sibynophis collaris</emphasis>
|
||
(Gray, 1853
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E13FE0AFD8DFE27" box="[517,528,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">)</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E06FE0AFD8BFE27" box="[528,534,433,459]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">,</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04E36FE0BFC7FFE27" authority="(Gunther, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" box="[544,994,432,459]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Gloydius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E36FE0BFC82FE26" box="[544,799,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Gloydius himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gunther, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04FE7FE0AFA08FE27" authority="(Blyth, 1854)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[1009,1429,432,459]" class="Squamata" family="Colubridae" genus="Herpetoreas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="platyceps">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04FE7FE0AFB6CFE26" box="[1009,1265,432,458]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Herpetoreas platyceps</emphasis>
|
||
(Blyth, 1854)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04C81FE6FFD82FE02" authority="(Blyth, 1861)" baseAuthorityName="Blyth" baseAuthorityYear="1861" box="[151,543,467,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Boiga" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="multifasciata">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04C81FE6FFEE5FE01" box="[151,376,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Boiga multifasciata</emphasis>
|
||
(Blyth, 1861)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04E24FE68FB8BFE02" authority="(Annandale, 1907)" baseAuthorityName="Annandale" baseAuthorityYear="1907" box="[562,1046,467,494]" class="Reptilia" family="Agamidae" genus="Japalura" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="kumaonensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E24FE68FCA9FE01" box="[562,820,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Japalura kumaonensis</emphasis>
|
||
(Annandale, 1907)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04843FE68FED6FDFE" authority="(Gunther, 1864)" baseAuthorityName="Gunther" baseAuthorityYear="1864" class="Reptilia" family="Scincidae" genus="Asymblepharus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="himalayanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04843FE68FA01FE01" box="[1109,1436,467,493]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Asymblepharus himalayanus</emphasis>
|
||
(Gunther, 1864)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="03448A0DFFD8FFD04CD1FDA1FC0EFCA1" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,846]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04CD1FDA1FE26FDD8" bold="true" box="[199,443,538,564]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Conservation status</emphasis>
|
||
. Biodiversity values of the Himalayan region are under threat from deforestation, development projects, urbanization and climate change (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="676AF7FCFFD8FFD04F18FD86FB9EFDBB" author="Bawa, K. & Kadur, S." box="[782,1027,573,599]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" refId="ref5146" refString="Bawa, K. & Kadur, S. (2013) Himalaya: Mountains of Life. Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and Environment, Bangalore, 308 pp." type="book" year="2013">Bawa & Kadur, 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The record of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD048A5FD86FA00FDBB" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[1203,1437,573,599]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD048A5FD86FA00FDBB" box="[1203,1437,573,599]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">Lycodon mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="DC4034AFFFD8FFD04CE8FDDAFEB3FD97" box="[254,302,609,635]" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality after a long gap was a matter of delight. The record from close to BWLS indicates the availability of similar and safer habitats where the species is likely to occur. Being situated near the famous tourist destination Mussoorie, Binog attracts tourists throughout the year which often causes vehicular traffic, pollution and other tourism-related activities in the sanctuary. Such kind of human intervention may be detrimental for the Himalayan endemic species like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C4FBF18EFFD8FFD04E10FD55FD3AFCEB" authorityName="Wall" authorityYear="1906" box="[518,679,749,775]" class="Reptilia" family="Colubridae" genus="Lycodon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="313" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="mackinnoni">
|
||
<emphasis id="318F561FFFD8FFD04E10FD55FD3AFCEB" box="[518,679,749,775]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">L. mackinnoni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
which is assigned as schedule IV according to Wildlife (Protection) Act 1972 of the Parliament of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="7BECCA9DFFD8FFD04DEBFCABFDAAFCC6" box="[509,567,784,810]" name="India" pageId="8" pageNumber="313">India</collectingCountry>
|
||
. A detailed status survey and further research on the biological aspects are needed to develop a comprehensive action plan for this rare species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |