222 lines
34 KiB
XML
222 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0591791c-72cb-46dc-bc36-363e2ebc81f5" ID-PMC="PMC9836693" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1130-79" ID-Pensoft-UUID="C525797A12CE5FF6AF35DD3628B5F2B2" ID-PubMed="36761014" ID-ZooBank="57F636A8D488446F9210CBFA33A78998" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1130-79" checkinTime="1668727489642" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Maddison, Wayne P., Ruiz, Gustavo R. S., Ng, Paul Y. C., Vishnudas, Ettukandathil Haridas & Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil V." docDate="2022" docId="891F9188DC925C25B72DDA3F2C3998C8" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1130: 79-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1130" docPubDate="2022-11-17" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730" docTitle="Kelawakaju sahyadri Vishnudas, Maddison, & Sudhikumar 2022, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="34C05BE6-0AC9-4724-808B-1D3CC7E40610" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="C525797A12CE5FF6AF35DD3628B5F2B2" lastPageNumber="79" masterDocId="C525797A12CE5FF6AF35DD3628B5F2B2" masterDocTitle="Kelawakaju gen. nov., a new Asian lineage of marpissine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Marpissina)" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="79" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1732486332407" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="49264F26BE85D3D0C570D487A56167C8">Kelawakaju gen. nov., a new Asian lineage of marpissine jumping spiders (Araneae, Salticidae, Marpissina)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BD291533BDE619C95A23247959F8FAC9">Maddison, Wayne P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="B4735C9ED7264E215ACFAF565088DBC9">Departments of Zoology and Botany and Beaty Biodiversity Museum, University of British Columbia, 6270 University Boulevard, Vancouver, British Columbia, V 6 T 1 Z 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="CE3EEB82F595C0A65B4D07141B65B655" type="email">wmaddisn@mail.ubc.ca</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="0538295340EEE0F31E8894F49A03966E">Ruiz, Gustavo R. S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E18E0C2FBF4535E978C811982299A21B">Instituto de Cie ̂ ncias Biolo ́ gicas, Universidade Federal do Para ́, Rua Augusto Corre ̂ a, 01, CEP 66075 - 110, Bele ́ m, PA, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="1AEB39530D463631A5DB0BA616012529">Ng, Paul Y. C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6873B7D204E1C1D363F191A0495502AD">205 River Valley Road, # 16 - 53, Singapore 238274, Singapore</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E2E70B9D0A96C74F193206011B2A8B70">Vishnudas, Ettukandathil Haridas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="5BFA771F4583817638DB8492FF73AD52">Centre for Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, 680 125, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="D2C7811713507E277E6557F1814252F4">Sudhikumar, Ambalaparambil V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="0CCCBF3A9030E8B28C185C2E056EFB26">Centre for Animal Taxonomy and Ecology, Department of Zoology, Christ College, Irinjalakuda, Kerala, 680 125, India</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="E3D92C128DA3EAAF63320B429C142E3A">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="3D2DFDD41549302DCDCE8C7315A762AC">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3C4462878988BC6F47BF6EE8480ECD59">2022-11-17</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="DC684F437ACD9CD6C8B3681FB631A11D">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="C012BB8E369F61C8B2CEE58153D2B6CF">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="94CD4AF56DD514E5D6ADF7FA409A483E" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730</mods:identifier>
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<subSection id="BF759D18ADDB6CEE1A2D08B2757A3AC1" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="results">
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<treatment id="891F9188DC925C25B72DDA3F2C3998C8" ID-GBIF-Taxon="205097768" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:34C05BE6-0AC9-4724-808B-1D3CC7E40610" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/891F9188DC925C25B72DDA3F2C3998C8" lastPageNumber="79" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" scope_family="Salticidae" scope_order="Araneae">
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<subSubSection id="6173338195F54E903E7079C70C32AB76" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="F082CCF837B3DC9F2635EF44F7CA9FEC" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<taxonomicName id="59B750691F4E0F7576038D83F479537E" ID-CoL="C7L98" LSID="https://zoobank.org/34C05BE6-0AC9-4724-808B-1D3CC7E40610" authority="Vishnudas, Maddison, & Sudhikumar" authorityName="Vishnudas, Maddison, & Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Kelawakaju" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kelawakaju sahyadri" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sahyadri" status="sp. nov.">Kelawakaju sahyadri Vishnudas, Maddison, & Sudhikumar</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="92C8B6822F6FB7AB8FAFE8336D91FF10" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="44EF52ABF32435D6EE2F840446A8224B" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BE12F8AB66A0F9C8849478BB71B0F536" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<figureCitation id="DD9166EBDFDCF8AF62DB9784AD371319" captionStart="Figures 10–15" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figures 10 - 15. Carapaces of Kelawakaju males 10 K. mulu holotype 11 K. intexta holotype 12 K. singapura holotype 13 K. frenata from Guangxi, Dongxing 14 K. leucomelas holotype 15 K. sahyadri holotype. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures10-15" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771008" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Figs 15</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="49AA9094037F21A952D8C4E74521D4E6" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 64-72</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="8F87CE6AF01B406A1817985DD36F9720" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">, 82-88</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="61954E98E4B658ED88D74F56954F0381" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="95CEE98BF9D409EEBBEA45D08746785D" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="67F105975CE0B73AE89761C1E1515BDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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<emphasis id="47EA799412ED9FEE901612D70E1FBD27" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Holotype</emphasis>
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: male (AS19.4895 = NCBS IBC-BP847) in NCBS from India: Karnataka: Kodagu: Yavakapadi, Honey Valley area,
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<geoCoordinate id="0A9DD1C6789D378DC3A575969A14E652" degrees="12.2224" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="12.2224">12.2224°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="709D41A233E74884F2AE4BDD57A4E5D0" degrees="75.6553" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="75.6553">75.6553°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 1045 m elev., 27 June 2019, W. Maddison WPM#19-083.
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<emphasis id="42508C0A438D83A3BDBF92A6528AF26A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Female (AS19.4934 = NCBS IBC-BP848) in NCBS with data as holotype except
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<geoCoordinate id="4C43390939F7C3D508001D973BCA9BC1" degrees="12.2214" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="5" value="12.2214">12.2214°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D483B839FD59C9D12F7559E707643017" degrees="75.6556" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="5" value="75.6556">75.6556°E</geoCoordinate>
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and 1130 m elev. One male and one female in CATE from India: Kerala: along state highway 21 east of Chalakudy,
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<geoCoordinate id="DAEB537C6D98BBF5506DF9E74A7C98E5" degrees="10.296" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="55" value="10.296">10.296°N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F7ABA14D6E4E276F0BAC9BDF789CDD1D" degrees="76.685" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="55" value="76.685">76.685°E</geoCoordinate>
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, 26 June 2021, Vishnudas & Sudhikumar CATE9826705. One female with same data but 17 July 2021.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6BDF167345F8D85810732A73B2649833" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="07756937B8A54418B265BD1315A2D270" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AAC56FAD571FE06A8789ECB01AAB4ACB" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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From the Sanskrit for 'from the Western Ghats
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<normalizedToken id="4327C7A2B2AA8204F36A86C20F07B2E1" originalValue="mountains’">mountains'</normalizedToken>
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, where this species lives.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7A7EABE1E656AF2B05C35B9E642C2C73" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="6D197CF007E9A8D2B9501005CED3F553" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A0FFAE36E9997FFF5FD9DAE858740D14" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
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Embolus differs in shape from that of the similar
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<taxonomicName id="060494B2DF19B66A3CE283671D4B61C7" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. leucomelas" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
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<emphasis id="18FD71E6481792F3676CCD99DB58C2CB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. leucomelas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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: embolus tip with retrolateral flange less distinct and smaller (Figs
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<figureCitation id="B30E6DAF8739B17272E447873B631D71" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">64</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="C56416ADC1A61713F73D99F5779C28B4" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">66-69</figureCitation>
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), and prolateral edge of embolus curves gently to the distal to make the embolus appear to be leaning slightly to the retrolateral (Figs
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<figureCitation id="9AF54263DDFE5FAEA7AE7C7556BCE9B4" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">64</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="D5DCD02AF0B5182A18E1893AAAED93CD" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">68</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="ECAFB24746C823F98EC16206B971F5F8" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">69</figureCitation>
|
||
). Compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C4060C23CA7AA93FD32895A76E5E50E" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. leucomelas" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="2D1AF2ACAD58BCE91BAC68C1FF634BA2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, the longitudinal pale bands on body less distinct, and the carapace is narrower.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8D1F174B0CAF58E56D74406346AAB057" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="385F114C8FD38D25EBFCD796E8367D18" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Description.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A02465376E60D73EC90342BC31839732" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="CE0170388A154D5BB4743C83C1403682" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Male</emphasis>
|
||
(based on holotype). Carapace length 3.0, width 2.1; abdomen length 3.9.
|
||
<emphasis id="7E0ED7C6FF8FB7EB620A7B91791F27CC" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
: Relatively flat; area around fovea slightly depressed. Dark brown, loosely clothed with white scales below and behind PLE forming an indistinct longitudinal band on each side.
|
||
<emphasis id="FB93AFD3CA2FF269A8A58EA8888BE306" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
very narrow, dark, with black setae.
|
||
<emphasis id="2B523BDF6A755A77A3E2AB26E4ED8EFB" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
||
diverging slightly, lacking the distinct bulge of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="72802AD9743D88A0CBA961820BC772F4" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. frenata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="1B350EECC75DC3619C4FF92C9C325979" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. frenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2BD1BC2E71456964EC763991EF2030CD" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. leucomelas" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="leucomelas">
|
||
<emphasis id="AC287082C5CFE5A8249CA38755E55B45" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. leucomelas</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but with hair-bearing tubercles. Narrow stripes of white scales form inverted V as in other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F1106A3E46CA7D649534E3608878E62" authorityName="Maddison & Ruiz & Ng & Vishnudas & Sudhikumar" authorityYear="2022" baseAuthorityName="Simon" baseAuthorityYear="1901" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Kelawakaju" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Kelawakaju frenata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="76A1142DA9F4E7F91AFD1E81EF8FD194" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Kelawakaju frenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group species (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="DD97A281DD83B778420355EE05F3DA4F" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">83</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two promarginal and one large triangular retromarginal teeth, as in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6F642712FA13A2C19FBAC199F79832EA" class="Arachnida" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="K. frenata" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="frenata">
|
||
<emphasis id="4D2F68513B1D2D46185EEA4F98FA8469" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">K. frenata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="353851AB05FB93CEA57580CF00C5C2A9" captionStart="Figures 2–9" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figures 2 - 9. Chelicerae of Kelawakaju species 2 - 4 oblique view with carapace 5 - 9 ventral view 2 K. mulu male holotype 3 K. intexta male holotype 4 K. frenata male from Guangxi 5 K. mulu male holotype 6 K. intexta male holotype 7 K. singapura male holotype 8 K. frenata male from Guangxi 9 K. frenata female from Guangxi. Scale bars: 1.0 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures2-9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771007" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">8</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="75390576619425148888D12DCF3BB740" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Palp</emphasis>
|
||
dark to light brown, with white scales and long white hairs. The prolateral hairs on the tibia appear as a distinct long brush projecting medially (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B98A9A73B75D4D116A5D49E6B49A36E" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">83</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="1941992920D7C7CF7BC8587E2D1FB68B" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">84</figureCitation>
|
||
). Embolus with prolateral edge gently curved. Retrolateral flange near tip fairly large, but emerges gradually, without strong cleft near tip (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="45FA4C49477DD67DD84979830F1D6160" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">66</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="2D49F66ED4CDF775002E23CEE461A120" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">67</figureCitation>
|
||
). Endite subrectangular, with no projection, dark brown.
|
||
<emphasis id="515030FA602DA7C6DFA1C0466D20A455" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: First leg dark to light brown, with loose patches of white setae (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="205147E05FAF4A5C1C5F40BBDAC442AD" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">82</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B14FE3A0BEE30C2DBE770A9E52A68D51" captionStart="Figures 82–89" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 82 - 89. Kelawakaju sahyadri 82 - 85 male holotype AS 19.4895 86 - 88 female paratype AS 19.4934 89 female paratype from Kerala." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures82-89" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771016" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">85</figureCitation>
|
||
). Posterior legs paler, darker on femora and near the joints. Length of femur I 2.0, II 1.5, III 1.4, IV 1.7; patella + tibia I 3.1, II 2.0, III 1.7, IV 2.3; metatarsus + tarsus I 2.0, II 1.5, III 1.5, IV 1.7. Leg spination reduced: femur I d1-0-0, p1-1-0, II d1-1-0, p0-0-1, III d1-1-2, 0, IV d1-1-0, 0; patella I-IV 0; tibia I v2-2-2 (asymmetrical), II v1r-1r-1p, III 0, IV 0; metatarsus I-II v2-2, III v0-0-1p, IV v0-0-1p.
|
||
<emphasis id="3DF35C98FB1740D28F1BA84A044BB49E" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
narrow, dark medially, paler and mottled laterally.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="754B5F2B40A694AFC1A5CF412D8CA773" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
<emphasis id="7EF96B274D48B07F09D92EB2128E0DAE" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(based on specimen NCBS IBC-BP848). Carapace length 4.0, width 2.9; abdomen length 5.0.
|
||
<emphasis id="97429275BCDB973A5B9A4A91D4100BB1" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Carapace</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="02D6174A22FC1C99AFF3A6E61D0A1C9A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Clypeus</emphasis>
|
||
as in male.
|
||
<emphasis id="2448BC058F175DC5B840845E2765C5A9" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Chelicerae</emphasis>
|
||
dark, with black hairs arising from small tubercles. Two promarginal and one larger triangular retromarginal teeth.
|
||
<emphasis id="6C4A1704830D79F99317475E36209BCA" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: First leg darkest, but all legs have dark patches, especially the sides of the femora and near the joints. Length of femur I 2.4, II 1.9, III 1.8, IV 2.1; patella + tibia I 3.3, II 2.5, III 2.3, IV 3.3; metatarsus + tarsus I 2.1, II 1.6, III 2.0, IV 2.3. Leg spination reduced: femur I d0-1-0, p0-3-0 or 2-0, II d1-1-0, p0-0-1, III d1-1-0, p0-0-1, IV d1-1-0, 0; patella I-IV 0; tibia I v2-2-2 (asymmetrical), II v1r-1r-1p, III 0, IV 0; metatarsus I-II v2-2, III v0-0-1p, IV v0-0-1p.
|
||
<emphasis id="A41B6D008BBE80B0BAB8EF8E7002E368" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
long, narrow, dark medially and pale laterally.
|
||
<emphasis id="C399244CBB432D2468E1E5FC319F5C27" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Epigyne</emphasis>
|
||
with two crescent-shaped openings behind a pale desclerotized area (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AE43C5F96537BC4DDCD9D35D2EB5CB78" captionStart="Figures 46–72" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figures 46 - 72. Kelawakaju frenata species group, genitalia 46 - 54 K. frenata 46 male from Dongxing, palp, ventral 47 same, retrolateral 48 same, dorsal 49 male from Hong Kong, embolus, ventral 50 Simon's (1901 a) figure, reversed 51 female d 224 from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 52 second female from Dongxing, epigyne, ventral 53 same, vulva, ventral 54 same, dorsal 55 - 63 K. leucomelas 55 holotype male palp, ventral 56 same, retrolateral 57 same, embolus, oblique 58 paratype male JK 13.12.10.0001, embolus, oblique 59 male JK. 19.08.18.0010, embolus, oblique 60 same, palp, retrolateral 61 same, ventral 62 female paratype JK. 20.11.13.0001, epigyne, ventral 63 same, vulva, dorsal 64 - 72 K. sahyadri 64 holotype male, palp, ventral 65 same, retrolateral 66 same, embolus, oblique 67 paratype male from Kerala, embolus, oblique 68 same, ventral 69 same, palp, ventral 70 same, retrolateral 71 paratype female AS 19.4934 epigyne, ventral 72 same vulva, dorsal. Oblique views of embolus are between ventral and prolateral. Scale bars: 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1130.87730.figures46-72" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/771013" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">71</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="518A59164278421A1285E3EF3307D16A" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" type="natural history">
|
||
<paragraph id="7C38CDDDCA1A866478ADCF76DFDB7EE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Natural history.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="91A6EB21B82E8B043ACCF237B152877A" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">
|
||
The holotype and female paratype from Kodagu were found under loose bark of large trees standing in a field, beside a small road. The specimens from Kerala were found in crevices in the bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="018318B066CA9E7DDEF69BA6DE386CE2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Meliaceae" genus="Swietenia" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Swietenia" order="Sapindales" pageId="0" pageNumber="79" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="341FCA7F9ECC44F4EAA57AA9F9813F19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="79">Swietenia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
mahogany trees.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</subSection>
|
||
</document> |