173 lines
17 KiB
XML
173 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8883" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b13896e1-d08b-4d73-ba03-95d161c652f9" ID-PMC="PMC4361785" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-484-83" ID-PubMed="25829843" ID-ZBK="525E13CBC5614F08A6781ED90CAD9AA9" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-484-83" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 484" ModsDocTitle="A new genus and species of tettigarctid cicada from the early Miocene of New Zealand: Paratettigarctazealandica (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Tettigarctidae)" checkinTime="1451244620127" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Kaulfuss, Uwe & Moulds, Max" docDate="2015" docId="890E630EBD1696DE2FA0F8613CECBA4E" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 484: 83-94" docOrigin="ZooKeys 484" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8883" docTitle="Paratettigarcta zealandica Kaulfuss & Moulds, 2015, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="2EB7CDEB-D467-4F04-9432-378176CB74D6" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" lastPageNumber="90" masterDocId="E522FFB42E18FE7D470AFFEA187C4A1A" masterDocTitle="A new genus and species of tettigarctid cicada from the early Miocene of New Zealand: Paratettigarctazealandica (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Tettigarctidae)" masterLastPageNumber="94" masterPageNumber="83" pageNumber="88" updateTime="1668160083356" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
||
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>A new genus and species of tettigarctid cicada from the early Miocene of New Zealand: Paratettigarctazealandica (Hemiptera, Auchenorrhyncha, Tettigarctidae)</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Kaulfuss, Uwe</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:name type="personal">
|
||
<mods:role>
|
||
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
||
</mods:role>
|
||
<mods:namePart>Moulds, Max</mods:namePart>
|
||
</mods:name>
|
||
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
||
<mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
||
</mods:titleInfo>
|
||
<mods:part>
|
||
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
||
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
||
<mods:number>484</mods:number>
|
||
</mods:detail>
|
||
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
||
<mods:start>83</mods:start>
|
||
<mods:end>94</mods:end>
|
||
</mods:extent>
|
||
</mods:part>
|
||
</mods:relatedItem>
|
||
<mods:location>
|
||
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8883</mods:url>
|
||
</mods:location>
|
||
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.484.8883</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-484-83</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">525E13CBC5614F08A6781ED90CAD9AA9</mods:identifier>
|
||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">525E13CBC5614F08A6781ED90CAD9AA9</mods:identifier>
|
||
</mods:mods>
|
||
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152058388" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:2EB7CDEB-D467-4F04-9432-378176CB74D6" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/890E630EBD1696DE2FA0F8613CECBA4E" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="multiple">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="5" pageNumber="88" start="start">Taxon</pageBreakToken>
|
||
classification Animalia Hemiptera Tettigarctidae
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="nomenclature">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/2EB7CDEB-D467-4F04-9432-378176CB74D6" class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="5" pageNumber="88">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
Figs 3, 4
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="5" pageNumber="88" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. differs from other
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tettigarctidae" lsidName="" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" rank="family">Tettigarctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
by the attributes discussed in the generic diagnosis above. In particular the forewing of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that is remarkably similar to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta crinita" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">Tettigarcta crinita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Distant, 1883 (Fig. 2) and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta tomentosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Tettigarcta tomentosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
White, 1845 (the only described species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tettigarcta</taxonomicName>
|
||
), differs as follows: (a) forewing crossvein m gently bowed and almost perpendicular to M2 and M3 rather than steeply angled and broadly
|
||
<normalizedToken originalValue="‘S’">'S'</normalizedToken>
|
||
-shaped; (b) forewing crossvein m-cu strongly bowed rather than nearly straight; (c) hindwing apical cells long and narrow, much longer than those of extant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tettigarcta</taxonomicName>
|
||
(compare Figs 2 and 4).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Figure 2.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta crinita" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">Tettigarcta crinita</taxonomicName>
|
||
Distant, fore and hindwings; areas of the wings preserved in the new fossil species are indicated (modified from
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulds, MS" journalOrPublisher="Records of the Australian Museum" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="375 - 446" title="An appraisal of the higher classification of cicadas (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea) with special reference to the Australian fauna." url="10.3853/j.0067-1975.57.2005.1447" volume="57" year="2005">Moulds 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). A anal vein a apical cell C costal vein CuA cubitus anterior vein CuP cubitus posterior vein M median vein m medial crossvein mc medial cell m-cu mediocubital crossvein nl nodal line R radius r radial crossvein RA radius anterior r-m radiomedial crossvein RP radius posterior Sc subcostal vein u ulnar cell.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Figure 3. Photomicrographs of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. n., holotype OU45476, fore and hindwing A part and B counterpart (mirror inverted), photographed under ethanol. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="5" pageNumber="88">
|
||
Figure 4. Line drawings of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="5" pageNumber="88" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. n., holotype OU45476 A overlapping fore and hindwing as preserved B forewing and C hindwing, pigmented areas shown as preserved. A apical cell av ambient vein C costal vein CuA cubitus anterior vein CuP cubitus posterior vein M median vein; medial crossvein mc medial cell m-cu mediocubital crossvein nl nodal line R radius r radial crossvein RA radius anterior r-m radiomedial crossvein RP radius posterior Sc subcostal vein. Scale bar: 5 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="6" pageNumber="89" start="start">Description</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="90" pageId="6" pageNumber="89">
|
||
Holotype.
|
||
<pageBreakToken pageId="7" pageNumber="90" start="start">Forewing</pageBreakToken>
|
||
similar to extant
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tettigarcta</taxonomicName>
|
||
in size, shape and venation (compare Figs 2, 4). Impression 24.3 mm maximum length by 10.2 mm maximum width. Bearing dark pigmented transverse bands, one near the wing base, one following the nodal line between costa and M3+4, one following the bases of apical cells, and one along apical margin. Nodal line strongly defined; CuA strongly bowed before forking at nodal line; crossvein r-m nearly straight and angled to both RP and M1; crossvein m gently bowed, nearly perpendicular to M2 and M3; crossvein m-cu strongly bowed, meeting M4 nearly perpendicularly, meeting CuA1 at a steep angle. Hindwing impression 19.5 mm maximum length by 7.3 mm maximum width. Bearing dark bands, one from near coupling lobe to at least crossvein m-cu, and a dark streak behind M stem. Marginal membrane well developed but not exceedingly broad. Crossvein r nearly straight and angled to both RA and RP; crossvein r-m nearly straight and steeply angled to both RP and M; crossvein m-cu straight and angled to both M3 and CuA1.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="type-specimen">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Type-specimen.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Holotype OU45476, hind and forewing from lacustrine mudstones at Hindon Maar (early Miocene; I44/f0392 in the New Zealand Fossil Record File), Waipiata Volcanic Field, 10 km N of Outram, Otago, southern New Zealand; deposited in the Department of Geology, University of Otago.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">The species name refers to New Zealand, where this species was distributed in the Miocene.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="90" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">Comments.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
gen. et sp. n. appears closest to
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Eotettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eotettigarcta scotica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="scotica">Eotettigarcta scotica</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the hindwing venation (the latter known only from a partial hindwing). In particular Sc and RA are widely separated, and it is likely that the apical cells are of similar length with a1 being almost as long as a2. If that is so then
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Paratettigarcta</taxonomicName>
|
||
is best placed in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="tribe" tribe="Protabanini">Protabanini</taxonomicName>
|
||
of the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tettigarctinae">Tettigarctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, family
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tettigarctidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="family">Tettigarctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
, following the classification of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shcherbakov, DE" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="343 - 348" title="Review of the fossil and extant genera of the cicada family Tettigarctidae (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea)." volume="17" year="2009">Shcherbakov (2009)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At around 23-16 Ma this would make
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
the youngest known
|
||
<taxonomicName family="Tettigarctidae" lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="family">Tettigarctidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
fossil, the next youngest at 44 Ma being an undescribed
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tettigarctinae">Tettigarctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
tentatively placed in the tribe
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="tribe" tribe="Tettigarctini">Tettigarctini</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Wappler, T" journalOrPublisher="Mainzer Naturwissenschaftliches Archiv, Beiheft" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="1 - 234" title="Die Insekten aus dem Mittel-Eozaen des Eckfelder Maares, Vulkaneifel." volume="27" year="2003">Wappler 2003</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Shcherbakov, DE" journalOrPublisher="Russian Entomological Journal" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" pagination="343 - 348" title="Review of the fossil and extant genera of the cicada family Tettigarctidae (Hemiptera: Cicadoidea)." volume="17" year="2009">Shcherbakov 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph pageId="7" pageNumber="90">
|
||
The forewing venation of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
shows a clear affinity with that of extant species of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Tettigarcta</taxonomicName>
|
||
of which there are only two closely related species,
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta crinita" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crinita">Tettigarcta crinita</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Tettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tettigarcta tomentosa" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tomentosa">Tettigarcta tomentosa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Moulds, MS" journalOrPublisher="New South Wales University Press, Kensington" pageId="9" pageNumber="92" title="Australian cicadas." year="1990">Moulds 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The overall branching of veins and therefore cell proportions are remarkably similar (compare Figs 2, 4). This confirms the placement of
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Paratettigarcta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paratettigarcta zealandica" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zealandica">Paratettigarcta zealandica</taxonomicName>
|
||
in the subfamily
|
||
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Tettigarctinae">Tettigarctinae</taxonomicName>
|
||
and similar dark wing patterns are found in some extinct genera of this subfamily (e.g.
|
||
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Tettigarctidae" genus="Liassocicada" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Liassocicada" order="Hemiptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="90" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Liassocicada</taxonomicName>
|
||
Bode, 1953).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |