441 lines
52 KiB
XML
441 lines
52 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685373" ID-ZooBank="FE36A1C1-8F8C-4B27-A35E-C4FCF35473FA" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_textStreams="1" checkinTime="1677571386193" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Prado, Guilherme C. & Ferreira, Rodrigo L." docDate="2023" docId="871DB575FFE8FFF9A4ABB504FE36F9DC" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.5249.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 5249 (1)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Pseudochthonius diamachi Prado & Ferreira 2023, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="2" lastPageNumber="98" masterDocId="7B24CD0DFFE9FFFFA43CB20AFFC1FFF1" masterDocTitle="Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil" masterLastPageNumber="110" masterPageNumber="92" pageNumber="93" updateTime="1677601474524" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Three new troglobitic species of Pseudochthonius Balzan, 1892 (Pseudoscorpiones, Chthoniidae) from northeastern Brazil</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Prado, Guilherme C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9612-9906</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil. prado. gpc. 99 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9612 - 9906</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">prado.gpc.99@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Ferreira, Rodrigo L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="ORCID">0000-0001-9612-9906</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation>Centro de Estudos em Biologia Subterrânea, Departamento de Ecologia e Conservação, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, MG. CEP 37200 - 900, Brazil. prado. gpc. 99 @ gmail. com; https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0001 - 9612 - 9906 & https: // orcid. org / 0000 - 0003 - 3288 - 4405</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">prado.gpc.99@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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||
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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||
<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Zootaxa</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2023-02-28</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>5249</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="issue">
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<mods:number>1</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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||
<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>92</mods:start>
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<mods:end>110</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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||
</mods:part>
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||
</mods:relatedItem>
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||
<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.5249.1.5</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7685373</mods:identifier>
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||
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">FE36A1C1-8F8C-4B27-A35E-C4FCF35473FA</mods:identifier>
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||
</mods:mods>
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||
<treatment LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:871DB575FFE8FFF9A4ABB504FE36F9DC" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/871DB575FFE8FFF9A4ABB504FE36F9DC" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<subSubSection box="[151,581,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" type="nomenclature">
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||
<paragraph blockId="1.[151,581,1806,1833]" box="[151,581,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<heading bold="true" box="[151,581,1806,1833]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" reason="1">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,581,1806,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[151,479,1806,1833]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,479,1806,1833]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[487,581,1807,1833]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="93" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph blockId="1.[151,1436,1878,1977]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[151,389,1878,1904]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Material examined.</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-15" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Gruna das Tres Cobras Cave & L Ferreira" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.618508" location="Tres Cobras Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.752743" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[400,504,1878,1905]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<typeStatus box="[400,504,1878,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Holotype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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female (ISLA 100994), preserved in ethanol:
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<collectingCountry box="[1049,1120,1879,1905]" name="Brazil" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Brazil</collectingCountry>
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,
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<collectingMunicipality box="[1135,1349,1879,1905]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Serra do Ramalho</collectingMunicipality>
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,
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<collectingRegion box="[1364,1432,1879,1905]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Bahia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectorName box="[151,467,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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Gruna das
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<location LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:871DB575FFE8FFF9A4ABB504FE36F9DC:0A6B52B8FFE8FFFEA531B571FE12F864" box="[269,467,1915,1941]" country="Brazil" latitude="-13.618508" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.752743" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" name="Tres Cobras Cave" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" stateProvince="Bahia">Três Cobras Cave</location>
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</collectorName>
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(
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<geoCoordinate box="[480,634,1915,1941]" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="37" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" precision="1" seconds="6.63" value="-13.618508">13º37’6.63”S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate box="[645,810,1914,1941]" degrees="43" direction="west" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" precision="1" seconds="9.87" value="-43.752743">43º45’9.87”W</geoCoordinate>
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),
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<date box="[829,1047,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" value="2021-09-15">
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<collectingDate box="[829,1047,1914,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" value="2021-09-15">15 September 2021</collectingDate>
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</date>
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, leg.
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<collectionCode box="[1103,1123,1915,1941]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName box="[1127,1243,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">L Ferreira</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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<materialsCitation collectingDate="2021-09-15" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Gruna das Tres Cobras Cave & L Ferreira" country="Iceland" latitude="-13.618508" location="Tres Cobras Cave" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="-43.752743" municipality="Serra do Ramalho" pageId="1" pageNumber="93" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Bahia" typeStatus="paratype">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1252,1355,1915,1941]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">
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<typeStatus box="[1252,1355,1915,1941]" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">Paratype</typeStatus>
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</emphasis>
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female (
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<collectingCountry box="[159,222,1951,1977]" name="Iceland" pageId="1" pageNumber="93">ISLA</collectingCountry>
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100995), same data as holotype
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</materialsCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685375" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685375/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="94" startId="2.[152,255,1641,1665]" targetBox="[151,1436,151,1625]" targetPageId="2">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1437,1641,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,281,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[289,563,1641,1665]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[289,563,1641,1665]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[570,653,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[570,647,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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SEM images of the paratype
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[960,978,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">A</emphasis>
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Right chela general aspect, antiaxial view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1419,1436,1641,1665]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">B</emphasis>
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Basal region of chelal fixed finger
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[509,527,1677,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">C</emphasis>
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Left chelicera, showing rallum, exterior serrula and lyrifissure, ventral view.
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1321,1339,1677,1701]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">D</emphasis>
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Detail of the hand, showing lyrifussures and trichobothria arrangement
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[784,801,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">E</emphasis>
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Rallum, showing detailed blades. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1364,1382,1713,1737]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">A</emphasis>
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); 0.3 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[205,253,1749,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">B–D</emphasis>
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); 0.05 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[380,397,1749,1773]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">E</emphasis>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<subSubSection pageId="2" pageNumber="94" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1855,2026]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,334,1856,1882]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Diamáchi (“διαμαχη”) is a Greek word meaning “dispute”. The epithet
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1146,1250,1855,1881]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="2" pageNumber="94" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi">
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<emphasis box="[1146,1250,1855,1881]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">diamachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is an allusion to the unfortunate disputes over the region’s caves and it intends to register our repudiation of any people or groups that consider themselves owners of Brazilian caves. This noun should be treated as noun in apposition.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="94" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="2.[151,1436,1855,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[151,1436,151,321]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="95" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,322,1963,1989]" pageId="2" pageNumber="94">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
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Differing from the other members of the genus by the following combination of characters: Absence of eyes or eyespots; carapace with a strong posterior constriction (confirmed by the difference between ocular width and posterior width);
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<emphasis box="[397,554,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">ist–est/ist–esb</emphasis>
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trichobothria ratio of 1.02 (1.11); chelal fixed finger with 41 acute teeth with alternate heterodonty, chelal movable finger with 42 acute and well-defined teeth; movable and fixed finger of chelicera with poorly defined and constricted teeth, and with a small distal isolated tooth in both fingers; presence of two and four setae on the first and second tergite, respectively; trichobothrium
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<emphasis box="[1061,1081,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">et</emphasis>
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proximad to
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<emphasis box="[1231,1257,259,285]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">dx</emphasis>
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and distad to
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<emphasis box="[1413,1429,259,284]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">it</emphasis>
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; body length of 2.02 (2.33) mm; chela 7.7 to 7.8 times as long as broad.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685377" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685377/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" startId="3.[152,255,1535,1559]" targetBox="[151,1436,327,1526]" targetPageId="3">
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<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1436,1535,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,281,1535,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
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SEM images of the new species
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[623,640,1535,1559]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">A</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[648,712,1536,1560]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[648,712,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. pali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[720,802,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[720,802,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1256,1273,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">B</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1280,1345,1536,1560]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pali" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1280,1345,1536,1560]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. pali</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1353,1436,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1353,1429,1536,1560]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[583,601,1571,1595]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[607,726,1572,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[607,726,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. diamachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[732,813,1572,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[732,807,1572,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">sp. nov</emphasis>
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.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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coxae region of the paratype
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1112,1130,1572,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">D</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1136,1295,1572,1596]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koinopoliteia" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1136,1295,1572,1596]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. koinopoliteia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1301,1382,1572,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1301,1376,1572,1596]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[540,557,1608,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">E</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[564,724,1608,1632]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="koinopoliteia" status="sp. nov.">
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||
<emphasis box="[564,724,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. koinopoliteia</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[730,813,1608,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">
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||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[730,806,1608,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
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left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1258,1273,1608,1632]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">F</emphasis>
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||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1279,1399,1608,1632]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
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<emphasis box="[1279,1399,1608,1632]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">P. diamachi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="3" pageNumber="95" rank="species">
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<emphasis bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">sp. nov</emphasis>
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||
.
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</taxonomicNameLabel>
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detail of coxal spines of the paratype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[798,845,1643,1667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">A–B</emphasis>
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); 0.4 mm (
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[960,978,1643,1667]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">C</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1092,1140,1644,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">D–E</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.05 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1281,1644,1668]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="98" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1749,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,337,1749,1775]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">Description</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[355,484,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-64@5.[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map B Três cobras cave entrance C Três Cobras cave general aspect D Live female holotype E Live female paraype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">Figs 4C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[498,549,1750,1776]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="14.[152,255,1841,1865]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,1242,1815]" captionTargetId="figure-514@14.[151,1436,1242,1815]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="FIGURE 11. New species habitus. A Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. paratype habitus. B Pseudochthonius pali sp. nov. paratype habitus C Pseudochthonius koinopoliteia sp. nov. holotype habitus. Scale bars: 2.0 mm (A); 1.0 mm (B–C)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685402" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685402/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">11A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Body pale yellowish, very translucent; chelicerae slightly orange, abdomen beige. Some parts of the body scaly. Vestitural setae thin and anteriorly projected on prosoma and posteriorly projected on opisthosoma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1749,2029]" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Carapace (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,407,1858,1884]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
). 1.04 (1.07) times longer than broad, strongly constricted posteriorly showing a difference between ocular width and posterior width of
|
||
<quantity box="[655,755,1894,1920]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" pageId="3" pageNumber="95" unit="mm" value="0.14">0.14 mm</quantity>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation box="[770,857,1894,1920]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">Fig. 3E</figureCitation>
|
||
); anterior margin smooth (except for the epistome); no eyes or eyespots; epistome strongly dentate and serrated (ranging to seta
|
||
<emphasis box="[1035,1082,1931,1956]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">ame</emphasis>
|
||
); posterior margin of carapace smooth; chaetotaxy 4+2: 4: 4: 2: 2 (18).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="3.[151,1437,1749,2029]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1437,151,213]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="96" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">
|
||
Chelicera (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[319,441,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-177@2.[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. SEM images of the paratype A Right chela general aspect, antiaxial view B Basal region of chelal fixed finger C Left chelicera, showing rallum, exterior serrula and lyrifissure, ventral view. D Detail of the hand, showing lyrifussures and trichobothria arrangement E Rallum, showing detailed blades. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B–D); 0.05 mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685375/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">Figs 1C, E</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[453,489,2002,2028]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="95">3H</figureCitation>
|
||
). Hand with 5 setae; movable finger with 1 subdistal seta; galea present as a tubercle; fixed finger with 9 constricted teeth, of which the distal one just isolated; movable finger with 10 constricted teeth, of which the distal one is isolated; rallum with 7 blades; serrula exterior and interior with 15 and 12 blades, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96" startId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" targetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" targetPageId="4">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1436,1592,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,283,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[292,567,1592,1616]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="4" pageNumber="96" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[292,567,1592,1616]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[576,685,1592,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[576,659,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Female holotype palp and pedal coxae
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1104,1121,1593,1617]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">B</emphasis>
|
||
Leg IV of female holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1418,1436,1592,1616]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">C</emphasis>
|
||
Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[642,660,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">D</emphasis>
|
||
Leg I of female holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[927,944,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">E</emphasis>
|
||
Carapace of female holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1249,1264,1629,1653]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">F</emphasis>
|
||
Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[778,798,1664,1688]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">G</emphasis>
|
||
Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1266,1286,1665,1689]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">H</emphasis>
|
||
Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1041,1092,1700,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">A, H</emphasis>
|
||
); 1.0 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1207,1255,1701,1725]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">B, D</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1370,1421,1700,1724]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">C, G</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.25 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[256,273,1737,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">E</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[387,402,1737,1761]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">F</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">Tergites. Not divided; surface smooth; chaetotaxy uniseriate, I–XI 2: 4: 4: 4: 6: 6: 6: 4: 6: 2: 2 + 2 sensory setae. Pleural membranes striate.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="4.[151,1437,1829,2035]" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">
|
||
Coxae (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[284,400,1901,1928]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-334@3.[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of the new species A P. pali sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view B P. pali sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view C P. diamachi sp. nov. coxae region of the paratype D P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view E P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view F P. diamachi sp. nov. detail of coxal spines of the paratype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.4 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D–E); 0.05 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685377/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">Figs 2C, F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[410,476,1901,1927]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">3A, F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Manducatory process with two apical setae; rest of palpal coxae with 3 setae arranged in a triangle; delicate lamellae outlined by 8(9) small spines. Pedal (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[901,992,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-334@3.[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of the new species A P. pali sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view B P. pali sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view C P. diamachi sp. nov. coxae region of the paratype D P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view E P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view F P. diamachi sp. nov. detail of coxal spines of the paratype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.4 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D–E); 0.05 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685377/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">Figs 2C</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1002,1041,1937,1963]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">3A</figureCitation>
|
||
): coxal spines plumose, arranged in a single transverse row in coxae I (3–5) and II (4) (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[721,808,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[152,255,1535,1559]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetId="figure-334@3.[151,1436,327,1526]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. SEM images of the new species A P. pali sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view B P. pali sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view C P. diamachi sp. nov. coxae region of the paratype D P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. right chelicera of the paratype, dorsal view E P. koinopoliteia sp. nov. left chelicera of the paratype, ventral view F P. diamachi sp. nov. detail of coxal spines of the paratype. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A–B); 0.4 mm (C); 0.1 mm (D–E); 0.05 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685377" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685377/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">Figs 2F</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[819,852,1973,1999]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="96">3F</figureCitation>
|
||
), chaetotaxy: I 4+1, II 5, III 8, IV 7–8(9); intercoxal tubercle absent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" startId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" targetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="5.[151,1436,1844,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[152,279,1844,1868]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[285,558,1844,1868]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[285,558,1844,1868]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[563,665,1844,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[563,643,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
A
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1299,1316,1845,1869]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">B</emphasis>
|
||
Três cobras cave entrance
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[296,314,1880,1904]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">C</emphasis>
|
||
Três Cobras cave general aspect
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[652,670,1881,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">D</emphasis>
|
||
Live female holotype
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[900,917,1881,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="97">E</emphasis>
|
||
Live female paraype.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Genital operculum of female: 8–9 setae distributed in three transversal rows: 2: 4: 2–3, genital opening not bifurcated.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,1184,223,249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Sternites: chaetotaxy IV‒XI: 10: 8: 8: 8: 8: 6: 4: 2. Anal operculum with 2 ventral setae.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Palp (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[267,434,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-177@2.[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. SEM images of the paratype A Right chela general aspect, antiaxial view B Basal region of chelal fixed finger C Left chelicera, showing rallum, exterior serrula and lyrifissure, ventral view. D Detail of the hand, showing lyrifussures and trichobothria arrangement E Rallum, showing detailed blades. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B–D); 0.05 mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685375/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Figs 1A–B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[449,523,259,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">3C, G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Trochanter 1.78 (1.62) times longer than wide, patella two times longer than wide, femur 6.84 times longer than wide. Femoral chaetotaxy 5: 6: 3(5): 5(6): 1(2). Trichobothrial pattern:
|
||
<emphasis box="[1366,1388,295,321]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ib</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[151,184,331,357]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">isb</emphasis>
|
||
located at the half portion of the hand, adjacent to each other and slightly dislocated to the paraxial face of the chela,
|
||
<emphasis box="[224,250,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">eb</emphasis>
|
||
proximad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[400,437,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">esb</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[451,477,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ist</emphasis>
|
||
distad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[586,623,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">esb</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[637,653,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">it</emphasis>
|
||
distad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[761,792,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">est</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis box="[806,826,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">et</emphasis>
|
||
proximad to
|
||
<emphasis box="[976,1002,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">dx</emphasis>
|
||
;
|
||
<emphasis box="[1017,1043,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ist</emphasis>
|
||
halfway between
|
||
<emphasis box="[1247,1284,367,393]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">esb</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis box="[1338,1369,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">est</emphasis>
|
||
(ratio distance
|
||
<emphasis box="[253,401,403,429]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">ist-est/ist-esb</emphasis>
|
||
= 1.02 [1.11]). Fixed finger slightly bent; movable finger slightly curved (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1274,1371,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[152,255,1641,1665]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetId="figure-177@2.[151,1436,151,1625]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. SEM images of the paratype A Right chela general aspect, antiaxial view B Basal region of chelal fixed finger C Left chelicera, showing rallum, exterior serrula and lyrifissure, ventral view. D Detail of the hand, showing lyrifussures and trichobothria arrangement E Rallum, showing detailed blades. Scale bars: 0.5 mm (A); 0.3 mm (B–D); 0.05 mm (E)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685375" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685375/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Figs 1A</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1386,1423,403,429]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">3G</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chelal fixed finger with 41 acute, triangular, and widely spaced teeth, with heterodonty starting proximally from the 8
|
||
<superScript attach="left" box="[165,178,474,488]" fontSize="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">th</superScript>
|
||
teeth. Movable finger with 42 acute, triangular, and widely spaced teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" box="[199,1283,511,537]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Leg IV (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[294,382,511,537]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[152,255,1592,1616]" captionTargetBox="[152,1434,233,1573]" captionTargetId="figure-255@4.[151,1436,217,1587]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Female holotype palp and pedal coxae B Leg IV of female holotype C Pedipalp femur of female holotype, dorsal view D Leg I of female holotype E Carapace of female holotype F Detail of female holotype coxae I and II, showing arrangement of coxal spines G Left Chela of female paratype, antiaxial view H Left Chelicera of female holotype, showing trichobothrial pattern, antiaxial view. Scale bars: 0.2 mm (A, H); 1.0 mm (B, D); 0.5 mm (C, G); 0.25 mm (E); 0.1 mm (F)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685379" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685379/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Arolia almost same length as claws; a tiny protuberance near end of telotarsus.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
Measurements (length/width or depth in mm and ratios in parenthesis calculated by using three significant digits): Female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[322,420,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(female
|
||
<typeStatus box="[515,611,583,609]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
in brackets). Body length 2.02 [2.334]. Carapace 0.59/0.56 (1.0) [0.60/0.56 (1.1)]. Palps: trochanter 0.33/0.18 (1.8) [0.28–0.17 (1.6)], femur 0.98/0.16 (6.8) [1.08/0.15 (6.8)], patella 0.37/0.18 (2.0) [0.37/0.18 (2.0)], chela 1.59/0.21 (7.7) [1.43/0.18 (7.8)], movable finger length1.02 [1.00]. Leg I: trochanter 0.22/0.16 (1.4) [0.18/0.14 (1.3)], femur 0.60/0.10 (5.9) [0.54/0.09 (6.2)], patella 0.31/0.08 (4.0) [0.30/0.07 (4.0)], femur/patella 1.93 [1.82], tibia 0.32/0.06 (5.6) [0.29/0.06 (5.0)], tarsus 0.64/0.05 (13.0) [0.57/0.05 (11.3)]. Leg IV: Trochanter: 0.28/0.16 (1.7) [0.27/0.15 (1.3)], femur + patella 0.95/0.28 (3.4) [0.89/0.26 (3.4)], tibia 0.58/0.10 (5.8) [0.53/0.10 (5.5)], basitarsus 0.33/0.09 (3.7) [0.29/0.08 (3.8), telotarsus 0.69/0.05 (13.9) [0.65/0.05 (13.4)].
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[199,446,834,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Ecological Remarks.</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[615,918,835,861]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[615,918,835,861]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Pseudochthonius diamachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[926,1018,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[926,1012,835,861]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
were found in the Três Cobras cave, located in Serra do Ramalho municipality, in the southwest of
|
||
<collectingRegion box="[868,996,871,897]" country="Brazil" name="Bahia" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Bahia state</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry box="[1009,1081,871,897]" name="Brazil" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Brazil</collectingCountry>
|
||
. This cave has 5.620 meters of horizontal projection, presenting a labyrinth of internal conduits and chambers (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1064,1194,907,933]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-64@5.[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map B Três cobras cave entrance C Três Cobras cave general aspect D Live female holotype E Live female paraype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Figs 4A–B</figureCitation>
|
||
). The cave has many entrances (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[272,360,943,969]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-64@5.[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map B Três cobras cave entrance C Três Cobras cave general aspect D Live female holotype E Live female paraype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 4A</figureCitation>
|
||
) that are situated mostly at the base of the limestone outcrop. Accordingly, the cave atmosphere is influenced by airflow from the entrances, which dries out several conduits during the dry season (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[1331,1423,979,1005]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-64@5.[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map B Três cobras cave entrance C Três Cobras cave general aspect D Live female holotype E Live female paraype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 4B</figureCitation>
|
||
). However, inner chambers and conduits remain moist even during the dry season. In such moist and environmentally stable areas, most of the cave-restricted fauna is encountered, which includes specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Prado & Ferreira, 2023" authorityName="Prado & Ferreira" authorityYear="2023" box="[1195,1328,1051,1077]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="diamachi" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis box="[1195,1328,1051,1077]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">P. diamachi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel box="[1337,1428,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" rank="species">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[1337,1423,1051,1077]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">sp. nov</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, usually observed walking on the cave floor (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[672,800,1087,1113]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[152,255,1844,1868]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetId="figure-64@5.[151,1436,172,1820]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Pseudochthonius diamachi sp. nov. A Três Cobras cave and karst landscape with an overlapped map B Três cobras cave entrance C Três Cobras cave general aspect D Live female holotype E Live female paraype." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685381" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685381/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Figs 4C–D</figureCitation>
|
||
) a phenomenon that is not observed in non-troglobitic cave-dwelling species of
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Balzan" authorityYear="1892" box="[445,636,1123,1149]" class="Arachnida" family="Chthoniidae" genus="Pseudochthonius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Pseudoscorpiones" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis box="[445,636,1123,1149]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Pseudochthonius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, generally spotted underneath rocks on the cave floor, even in moist areas. The reduction of cryptobiotic behavior is commonly observed in multiple troglobitic invertebrates, including arachnids, such as palpigrades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Souza, M. F. V. R. & Ferreira, R. L." box="[518,790,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" pagination="415 - 424" refId="ref11312" refString="Souza, M. F. V. R. & Ferreira, R. L. (2010) Eukoenenia (Palpigradi: Eukoeneniidae) in Brazilian caves with the first troglobiotic palpigrade from South America. Journal of Arachnology, 38, 415 - 424. https: // doi. org / 10.1636 / Ha 09 - 112.1" type="journal article" year="2010">Souza & Ferreira 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), amblypygids (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Vasconcelos, A. C. O. & Ferreira, R. L." box="[975,1315,1195,1221]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" pagination="277 - 292" refId="ref11445" refString="Vasconcelos, A. C. O. & Ferreira, R. L. (2017) Two new species of cave-dwelling Charinus Simon, 1892 from Brazil (Arachnida: Amblypygi: Charinidae). Zootaxa, 4312 (2), 277 - 292. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4312.2.4" type="journal article" year="2017">Vasconcelos & Ferreira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and even pseudoscorpions from other families (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Viana, A. C. M. & Souza, M. F. V. R. & Ferreira, R. L." box="[575,773,1231,1257]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98" pagination="585 - 594" refId="ref11505" refString="Viana, A. C. M., Souza, M. F. V. R. & Ferreira, R. L. (2018) Spelaeobochicha goliath (Arachnida: Pseudoscorpiones: Bochicidae), a new troglobitic pseudoscorpion from Brazil. Zootaxa, 4402 (3), 585 - 594. https: // doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4402.3.11" type="journal article" year="2018">
|
||
Viana
|
||
<emphasis box="[649,706,1231,1257]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2018
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">The main organic resources occurring in the cave are plant debris from the epigean vegetation (which is mainly concentrated near entrances) and bat guano. The latter is most common in deeper regions of the cave where the pseudoscorpions were observed. Such piles attract many springtails and other small invertebrates, such as barklice and immature crickets, which may represent the main prey for the pseudoscorpions.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="6.[151,1437,151,1581]" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">
|
||
The cave receives no human visitors, except for a few speleologists that sporadically enter the cave for research. However, the external area is highly damaged (
|
||
<figureCitation box="[688,794,1447,1473]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="13.[152,255,1853,1877]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,179,1827]" captionTargetId="figure-24@13.[151,1436,179,1827]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 10. Ecological impacts to the subterranean habitat A Deforestation near cave entrance B Vegetal coal furnace." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7685400" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7685400/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="98">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
|
||
). During our visit to the area, drone images revealed the extensive tree logging in the cave surroundings. Most areas surrounding the cave were converted to pastures or have had the vegetation cleared and burned, probably for pasture expansion. We suggest reforestation as a means to preserve the cave and its fauna.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |