946 lines
86 KiB
XML
946 lines
86 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="AF5A4A63C0F07F3FAFEA812A47D957DC">A new orthopteran-parasitizing horsehair worm, Acutogordiustaiwanensis sp. n., with a redescription of Chordodesformosanus and novel host records from Taiwan (Nematomorpha, Gordiida)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E93451FA5DA383B4E8754E1A384F1CEC">Chiu, Ming-Chung</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9B4235E239D453447145C76693F92E68">Huang, Chin-Gi</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="DBE478D98C0F0E3A3C72E97D6B458F8B">Wu, Wen-Jer</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="CC085D37D3D8F3C77D14AB20216E7677">Shiao, Shiuh-Feng</mods:namePart>
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<mods:part id="3521057EAA1B6D8D39528BDFF56CECF0">
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<mods:date id="8787BB2265562B27558E97CCF6DEAE81">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D3714C43D91D84E42720B5FF9418B190">683</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="020091346F0966DD5A68F71BDA900308" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12673</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="870C72CEB98B7F051B115B110269DCF3" ID-GBIF-Taxon="132649104" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:59379D36-D879-4F8D-BB78-C47C88F818DB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/870C72CEB98B7F051B115B110269DCF3" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_phylum="Nematomorpha">
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<subSubSection id="7C306150641172CE55913B8CE56CA2EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="292C9A589FAC04E9B503E480E4CC9B0C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<taxonomicName id="91866C7414F75DC70612AC2ECBC6831E" LSID="http://zoobank.org/59379D36-D879-4F8D-BB78-C47C88F818DB" family="Gordiida" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Nematomorpha" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7BF24A0C1CB07BA07FB19FB013DEF3EC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</paragraph>
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<subSubSection id="A67CCB96317E5FE0FC205BDECCA6A881" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="D4F0CACA6D4BB31C9AAA9497AEA62EDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="11A597EDE8FFBEEEDE2D909DC70359AE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Wufengqi Waterfalls (
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,
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), Jiaushi Township, Yilan County, Taiwan (holotype and allotype). Paratypes were collected from Sindian, New Taipei City, and the Fushan Botanical Garden, Yilan County. See Table 1 for detailed information.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="0E04BD70871AD076AC9C7F7BDFEE9049" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="E76447F15AA7DF5065274DA3E15105AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D5CD637D4789D67572ED88D409C2249D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Partial bodies of the holotype and allotype were deposited with their hosts at the National Museum of Natural Science. Paratypes were deposited at the Department of Entomology, National Taiwan University, Taipei; the National Museum of Natural Science, Taichung, Taiwan; and Lake Biwa Museum, Shiga, Japan. See Table 1 for detailed information.</paragraph>
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<caption id="89C563F662F6A093AF92181F55B479FE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<paragraph id="64B9E07F6D5EBFB4C1B4B0FA7BFF4BDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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Table 1.
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<taxonomicName id="FD423BEC309830F56409D4C9BF7FDE06" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. and
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<taxonomicName id="0C6D118829232432941BE097B37BDDE0" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus</taxonomicName>
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specimen information.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="85EFBFB9AE94F57AA074FFCC7B48B9C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<tr id="51C37D32C850408F97B77F849C69EB43" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<th id="C4FDE10F4755EBAA05E86FDE3B5D17AA" colspan="10" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Horsehair worm</th>
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</tr>
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<tr id="AFA662EF58BA020C8AFB6246D9C0BE49" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
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<th id="B89279D27087F7AB544420496F9FA625" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Species</th>
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<th id="86FFAF74C580E35D4926279C08C462D8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Collection date</th>
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<th id="B197DC06D16DD8384FA9B2B521AE26F7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">GenBank no.</th>
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<th id="B8DAF5E2AF068F2E24F651DE72AA2B2A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Locality</th>
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<th id="ADED7E4A067CF9F78AB33DDBFA18631E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Longitude and latitude</th>
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<th id="66C7D42379B19838CA4ACD0356CB7925" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Collector</th>
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<th id="60C9F5BFC109A7EDCF10B3EBC39549AD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Depository</th>
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<th id="B2B87A9DE9E98A1B584AFA8F44EF576E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Sex</th>
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<th id="AF16CE3A67CEF4C70425CEFDD9CBF162" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Length (mm)</th>
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<th id="17E8F4E0E919CB2B34829E8AC089037E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host code</th>
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|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7F83762EC8E96A6C4CF3A25594692032" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="type hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="5E0D709D34091A3C099B3E9223200FA0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Type hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C085B49FA244B9774DEF5D7796FAB5E8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D501549FB8BF7D6C468967C690571FF" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1A2380AE46584D87E07700E32DE3E9A3" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908 (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5A65DA182BD7BAAEF98A8BBA6FD2EC7" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D80DD011190008FF20712D973738C01" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Gryllacrididae</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5EF5320E0C7D1F184502DB3E39F272CB" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Deflorita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deflorita apicalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Deflorita apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Shiraki, 1930),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8C5595F2D4E50FCB88D2A399C8AD490E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E1C74BBECF0A7636404717AA8B84CFF6" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus japonicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Hexacentrus japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Karny, 1907,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B785A8164C152A059FB7C9D8C84C5781" lsidName="H. unicolor" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="unicolor">H. unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
Serville, 1831,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="912B77D132DCA0CCEE79B5CC1C3EE9B4" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isopsera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isopsera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isopsera</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AF8498B041E54B341D6B04CF3A266E95" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Mecopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopoda elongata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Mecopoda elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Linnaeus, 1758),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B20A12D8538451CF754628B63C067AC" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phaulula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaulula" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaulula</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1D3FA9C26983B28220A0F716196CA57D" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pyrgocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgocorypha formosana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">Pyrgocorypha formosana</taxonomicName>
|
||
Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2175CAE0FB32BB45C6952BEEEC026A2E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sinochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinochlora longifissa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifissa">Sinochlora longifissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Matsumura and Shiraki, 1908) (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AD22585D041FA21BF06EAE213EE0D690" class="Insecta" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="order">Orthoptera</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AE3F86203A19679EFC0907C041A1D40" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Tettigoniidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). See Table 2 for detailed information.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="DEFE3502A519CFFB9EB0084A90EA05A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="8A3B5155E7975C24073ED53FCCFA9F5D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Table 2. Mantid and grasshopper horsehair worm host information.</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="0E9E63C96E6CE188AA948A3108756F30" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<table id="0CE2329DDD4489D70DDFBE2539DBC894" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<tr id="E34EEBF7DB99D6A5C986CBA1382D061E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<th id="897F00507C2DF30F5525FEFEF3021B6A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host code (see Table 1)</th>
|
||
<th id="C43857E67248D0E10C507E077F410666" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host species</th>
|
||
<th id="27A9F88C602309EC014A786A7790576C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host sex</th>
|
||
<th id="3C35336C41A2536F0373237B0CF4AE68" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">Host length (mm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B8E9F482D88FD75CA8BEFE88B8C0C4D0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0189EDFDA30DA2E8739C486E87E00627" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0417D00F2E991A4DD298E4CB5F0EE539" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Mecopoda" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Mecopoda elongata" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elongata">Mecopoda elongata</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FC43D75FD6DD7538F7BEB491D2668654" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="5B20CDBACB40A8B3CA96861A558F9169" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08B639A86DF15A44C03B7CAE7DC0F97B" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="AA5C9B5212763C49F90DC80A7C586DF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="861098F2B307D0B9AB335F24512AC656" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="757B00E3A657983BC875C428C9B5702E" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8135CB8A0BC2F2EDDF6A2E694F634912" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="F88873677A08C89490691D54FFC3CF5E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3B19AC4F42CBFB129E12F70E5145E130" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="DDA6A558675257F057561BDE3D52D6AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="EA57E10FF8547957F76136888C340F44" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CB1D3FA6CB7251EEF29C540CD1F0E7A8" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="11323D54DBFA88F22519A1362FC94387" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="C199D6DB3275698683AB9EB556B451FF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="70E9FD8102181A0E83558D68FFE3183C" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9C5AEAB935780E7E8E68DAD1DCCE735F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="F02C1137EE20922D8D08874657447FB3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6A0D622DC3C943F5319B5F36C86222BE" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus japonicus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonicus">Hexacentrus japonicus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="E77E8A34424BA4E869B7EBBEB0F21386" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="1FEA93D8620BF81EC161D1A958E610E8" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F4AC7BF9000C5EEB5B004A88CE9F2159" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Sinochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Sinochlora longifissa" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="longifissa">Sinochlora longifissa</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="2755010D76B568E4C617CC9603CABA19" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="F361943ECAB5E9B97D1552A27815F549" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="88E6833A56ADD23898B6D7371488EB1C" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="81A7D979DD4A79D001BABB31D7DCE3B2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="0B82394EAD48828B15145B7829D57CD5" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1196671B532046EF31EFD861FCC38B38" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ECDDD9DF6DD1083FF53CA1550FEB186A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="40B79F5E5089305AAA132E402250B409" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="31B3FD02703B5627F2777EECA54686BD" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Deflorita" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Deflorita apicalis" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="apicalis">Deflorita apicalis</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="0FDF4C704170D74852C5205D8253FD9E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="1E7F40D917CC1439B0CD571EF33C9795" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33BA6EBA604690F73AB05B56FE661CA5" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Pyrgocorypha" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pyrgocorypha formosana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="formosana">Pyrgocorypha formosana</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1778373B1230EC66356F9EB4724AF538" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="B578F9DFFE096B5972CEEF350C3EC71C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4E3F91B62805D376D2BCE16FC81C30BE" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Phaulula" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phaulula" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Phaulula</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B3FDC710F38B9CBB62C45B0154601BB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="441CA55F2A623DE2077EF11076C515A7" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3DEA0073F488754BE35C619E24A7222" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BB9B494C0087DF122F86B53DF969BE42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="312C8DA1FED715A320613A543CC7F286" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E806379E9E836674463C53B47CE953B" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="02D76680135C9854510938BC8F61A951" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="A49514A5B9F1C8622D8A4A9CC550333E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="701059FA90A5FCB825045E443C0DC147" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Elimaea" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Elimaea" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Elimaea</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="604CE6CF262A480520C22D62A5113A63" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="93861FE6750FD81DE03D91FC1F16AB2D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0EEB5D547B7B394B5846ACE8AC879E92" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Neanias" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Neanias magnus" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="magnus">Neanias magnus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="65F06EE77BBF607F9B08C5C7C4AEE7A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="993099DB5B57A54529BCAF47C91394BE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09147C5A6A430EFD159C986837332007" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Hexacentrus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Hexacentrus unicolor" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unicolor">Hexacentrus unicolor</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B6CD47816043E6D7008F436DE6B65AAD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="A385E8B53C0C512B0C7D65537EE5D751" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C6A63D6F472BEF4CD303A72236D8C36" class="Insecta" family="Gryllacrididae" genus="Eugryllacris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Eugryllacris" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Eugryllacris</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BD4F2C4277CD9EC3AB8C72B76A86CB9C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="C5A97231DCB4E913E32743C2743A1412" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="975299BDB34DA56FD380B08263A16534" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Isopsera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Isopsera" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Isopsera</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="BC292268DD4B1298B56E801921E6995E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="FAD49CA2950C7795A3F83EC92FF3191E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0152F13E6584071E445DF1B0AE48E59B" class="Insecta" family="Hymenopodidae" genus="Acromantis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acromantis japonica" order="Mantodea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Acromantis japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A18B81FC59FB1131088A86DE0B6FD8B1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="A3A8AACBD5902C030E599E04DEB0BB5C" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DE853114A61D6347E01A3CEB6868B14" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Leptoteratura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Leptoteratura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Leptoteratura</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="07C7E88D6CBF7846DDF0101C08EA36AF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<td id="381282C6DC4E428F06914ABC6D1A409F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rowspan="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF71464EC5F366ED87F827531CDF651F" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Holochlora" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Holochlora japonica" order="Orthoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="japonica">Holochlora japonica</taxonomicName>
|
||
</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="151117B9D140E9E51CEA708CA6F10E04" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="E5B645915865039FA7B080A972BF5EF2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7C2DB0E51976EDC87799AD79F6AA9F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">The specific name refers to the type locality, Taiwan.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="616AF5DD7FEC3B3B8A67FE32F0A96345" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="5A2A909D3AD0FC16D05499D82711CCE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="24E42B6702E28432D586455C6CA71E6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BB63EE5F4A7737BAC7432FB64594478E" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. is morphologically similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB7C449BFBD0B24EB43270808CD51AFF" lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt-Rhaesa and Geraci, 2006 with regards to the (1) distribution pattern of tiny bristles on the ventral posterior end, (2) moderately flat areoles (rounded in elevation) covering the tail tips, and (3) cone-shaped spines scattered on the base of the tail lobes of the male samples. However, it is distinct because of the small ornamentations on the mid-body.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="513E19B751726D854ECF4E857A3CC590" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Description (Figs 1-7). Male adults (n = 14) (Figs 2, 3). Body length 288.3
|
||
<normalizedToken id="42734C1E6B8A683766F9B47D023A2819" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
90.1 (133-428) mm, width (widest, after dehydration) 623
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEB27111FC834B8574443DBB40ECA1B2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
173 (404-1079)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A4AB496500D8A741100C2B9868C1C670" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Body light brown, smooth, and slightly mucous covered (liquid on the body surface slightly viscous, light on live worms usually refracted) before fixed in alcohol, alcohol-preserved specimens significantly flat and hard.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9E9086716F06A39D150520E9AB88FFD2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Anterior end columnar and slightly narrowed at tip; anterior tip white (white cap) with a dark-brown collar (Fig. 1A); white spots scattered on brown collar (Fig. 1B, C) in some samples (3/14); under SEM, surface of anterior end wrinkled (Fig. 1F) (4/14), smooth (Fig. 1D) (7/14), or smooth but wrinkled on the tip (Fig. 1E) (3/14); short bristles or holes scattered on some samples; no obvious boundary between the white cap and dark-brown collar.</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="85EF5275C2A410E91261135101517287" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="C96E2D1B848FCFAAD9E0D1C444E1AC9A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 1. Anterior end of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3D8D7A3BA81643D879346778C06689E8" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2548CF3E0B47804357A53947F5145156" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Images of the anterior end showing the (A) white cap and dark-brown collar and
|
||
<normalizedToken id="594F75E5251356EAAFF2D87788A0E276" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
white spots scattered on the brown collar
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6F4FA33F97E329CEE7B55C941C4BC2C6" originalValue="D–FSEM">D-FSEM</normalizedToken>
|
||
images of the anterior end surface that is D smooth E smooth but wrinkled on the tip with holes scattered on the dark-brown collar, and F wrinkled
|
||
<normalizedToken id="30765B942973E15098BBA26756F15F6F" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3360F0AAD7D76E99E4B4149322D97248" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9340E5DC7C6EEBE05EF80191DA5B9025" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C75523F467496F12424AC341C9E15DA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9F7B49C13E36BEFA60A6BFAD9B86AD10" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="5AA5871A56BDADFBC10C97957D75EB1E" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
<paragraph id="1F186BCBE6FDC7B2A7D2BB8CE392B94F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Figure 2. Posterior end of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="28D3A90B80877FF664E67539E4E33F70" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1B45165341EBFE9EC724101373BCE1D2" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Images of the posterior end with the postcloacal crescent extending A, C over or B anterior to the starting point of the tail lobe bifurcation
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2FFE4A122D355B44B7CED073DFE081E8" originalValue="D–FSEM">D-FSEM</normalizedToken>
|
||
images of the posterior end with a D angled E slightly curved, and F semicircular postcloacal crescent
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EB25F37C1C4322B61990A76257DBBEEE" originalValue="A–F">A-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
are images from the same individual, respectively. Scale bars 500
|
||
<normalizedToken id="BE147C9EFB959FF7262A4B0F6D5A4C37" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6FE9FE4CD566006CAA288DE0F669F16A" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BD410608DBD023779C5048E57304AED" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9CC75FF8FE1C44E61BACAEC9FBDDB10D" originalValue="D–F">D-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="5A2F3D3D92D29396B48CA36CCD836278" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Cuticle in mid-body smooth, slightly wrinkled, or cracked; short or cone-like bristles (Fig. 3D, E) scattered on some samples (6/14).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="194127088413BE9205DA39E1A83DE7C8" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Posterior end divided into two tail lobes, each 360.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="078C94B9A1D8555EEA9E4B5753A67EEF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
53.30 (303.70-489.58)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="981E419A60532456F14A43971ACC1CAC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in length; lobe tips generally tapered, wrinkled, or covered by moderately flat areoles with short spines amongst areoles; inner side of tail lobes smooth; tiny spines scattered around tip; cone-shaped spines or flat areoles scattered on base behind post-cloacal crescent.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8831E4C11E64BAEBA722C7A2976EF9C1" lastPageId="1" lastPageNumber="2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
|
||
Ventral side of posterior end structured with post-cloacal crescent, cloacal opening, and tiny bristles. One post-cloacal crescent not evident as it was covered by larval cuticle, post-cloacal crescent length (extension along longitudinal axis) 275.48
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70E8C34026D4FC5B865322E86F0DA01B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
68.84 (195.78-417.03)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A77478D855DC55B7A1379A8A3A36877C" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width (widest) 44.81
|
||
<normalizedToken id="378C77CF537906033C2197C569F1E926" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
16.21 (18.73-83.01)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC8753AEBEE1D626DE1476FA3DDD2E8B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, located
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="C40842A8B6E10BD5C972B805FDB6B979" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" start="start">near</pageBreakToken>
|
||
base of tail lobes; post-cloacal crescent slightly curved (Fig. 2B, E) (5/13), nearly at right angle (Fig. 2A, D) (5/13, including two samples reared for laying eggs), or semicircular (which were more slender than the curved or angled ones) (Fig. 2C, F) (3/13). Two ends of post-cloacal crescent extending over (Fig. 2 A, C, D, F) (11/13) or anterior to (Fig. 2B, E) (2/13) starting point of tail lobe bifurcation. Cloacal opening circular or slightly oval-shaped, 26.61
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3148E5AF191A6417EADF7A1EEFD6787E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
7.86 (14.63-43.23)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FEFC1EA587CF0748670967F2C8E4764D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, 55.50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C79C1B33EBA886D7E4E67BDD8C51BD90" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
19.71 (32.55-89.90)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="EAAAB720B40E7AC13324548A11038A71" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
away from anterior margin of post-cloacal crescent, surrounding depressed area in four samples, no circumcloacal spine. Cloacal openings of four specimens not visible as they were covered by the larval cuticle or by mold. Tiny bristles scattered over ventral side of posterior end except in two samples covered by larval skin or mold; tiny bristles scattered over ventral posterior end and concentrated on tail lobes (Fig. 3B) (3/13), anterior post-cloacal crescent (Fig. 3A) (1/13), or randomly scattered on the cuticle (Fig. 3D, E) (9/13).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="65A3EB53C0A27A7701CFDEF7C6EAD24E" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="A12D34990CEEDC06554101D08BFE97FB" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Figure 3. Detailed diagnostic characteristics of male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7F043E81D728C618A6C86E9ED31D1773" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="1" pageNumber="2" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Tiny bristles scattered anterior to postcloacal crescent B Tiny bristles scattered in concentrated groups on tail lobes C Lobe tips covered by moderately flat areoles with short spines amongst areoles
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3CF382DAB618B80573E3394271648DB1" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Short bristles scattered on the mid-body cuticle. Scale bars 200
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9537F5C96DD60B1022CAA53B14CC48E7" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1BA88B102EC61D4E3F043E18B43D2DEF" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1895F2C81DD1069317E0B868E963BA2D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FDEC028C77CD4D0EFF61D4925D45A707" originalValue="C–D">C-D</normalizedToken>
|
||
), and 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="131F290CBCA4148907B8BB524C1E6E26" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(E).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="FE42FF32160273BC8D2E8471D2197FE3" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="3" pageId="1" pageNumber="2">
|
||
Female adults (n = 10) (Fig. 4). Body length 271.80
|
||
<normalizedToken id="246F2DA8301ED5E94C9CA2AFEF599A78" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
99.14 (73-432) mm, width (widest, after dehydration) 896
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7FDEC3C3A9A2E24EFDF1EF47B9772C2A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
171 (578-1120)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8CC3F2EC613D8543E05BA9F88D00577A" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, light brown, slightly mucous covered (liquid on the body surface slightly viscous, light on live worms usually refracted) before fixed in alcohol. Alcohol-preserved specimens flat in egg-laying samples. Anterior end (Fig. 4A) columnar and slightly narrowed at tip; white cap and dark-brown collar present. Under SEM, surface of anterior end smooth or wrinkled;
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="756D374EB34B5A6ED26B254365D5FD47" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" start="start">one</pageBreakToken>
|
||
sample had hole-like structures (Fig. 5J); small spines scattered on surface of three samples; no obvious boundary between the white cap and dark-brown collar. Cuticle in mid-body smooth, wrinkled, or crack-like; most with small spines scattered on cuticle (7/10). Posterior end (Fig. 4B) rounded, smooth, without spines or bristles. Cloacal opening on terminal end circular, 24.70
|
||
<normalizedToken id="55BA4BE30DD3A0BE7C74FF4963A4AF33" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
5.88 (16.80-30.62)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AD6BF91217F242C2793FB41F4C1EBC36" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
in diameter, no circum-cloacal spine.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="1DB3BEDD9B7F181250C76F7B53280D09" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="EEEFDB8FA9F07CB30BDC2A1777001E40" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 4. Female
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E43E243512CCA9D6FD05275840190A3" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. A Anterior end B Posterior end. Clo, cloacal opening. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3EA70352C43869F50CC74AB0E650B32F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="41DC3C0CE06BB11A8FBAC96CC12D2F58" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<caption id="4534551693CD74674E745DAFD3F82F89" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="DB3F5D75A783E9558BB1540EBAE79EE7" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 5. Morphological variation of the cuticle that may result from mucus. A Smooth cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0F6416DB6557E2C429DF15901193B47" originalValue="B–C">B-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
Wrinkled cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken id="109AACDB6E913E53052FE789E8C3A67A" originalValue="D–E">D-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
Cracked surface of cuticle F Areole-like structures on the anterior end of the cuticle
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D61FA0BA03099E8C7C723E453AD4CD89" originalValue="G–J">G-J</normalizedToken>
|
||
Indentations on the
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7DEB973D041491A5119CDBB99EBE141F" originalValue="G–I">G-I</normalizedToken>
|
||
mid-body and J anterior end of the cuticle surface. Scale bars 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="3334BB332139FC72CAEA272519B009B5" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(A), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2A2853D8A68F21483F582596ECAC720B" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(B), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0D720CB25FD123C226366F1C68C7AA71" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2028226892023DC243B225898A8724CA" originalValue="C–E">C-E</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F51DBDA3FCC67EBAB32F55B36D68F157" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(F), 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="DC9804F314562E3BD0966C38E8809048" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(G), 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6969AEB4E5182AC3417BA6CBE551840A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(H), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AE671BFB51E0DDD2DF2EAAFB41B75D61" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(I), and 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="155445879DD09E4282AFAB8D4DF83A44" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(J).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="711D1D7F1B8EF67866910387EC9FC8A5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Eggs (Fig. 6G). Egg string (Fig. 6G) length 12.04
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F01F03B172E299E7F383C54B3804F076" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.91 (4.94-19.13) mm, width 0.61
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9A4EB222BA0E6177D91E833478B890F9" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11 (0.343-0.708) mm (n = 11), white or light yellow in color, deposited as short pieces not adhering to substrate. Eggs (12 days after being laid, nearly hatching) oval-shaped, length 31.93
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AEE356720407456558AE64CAEA5CC205" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.08 (28.79-34.67)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FD94B9052FE459D366A61699E3764BEC" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 25.69
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CFDC53853FC27B4F0B3C2474E54A5291" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25 (24.04-27.71)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="87E03FCE84672412379BB62BFB452EDA" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(n = 6).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CA64B9F4144F48C33540BE33A21ED5A5" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Larvae (Fig. 6
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9644A10687EF13C9414A9D167D9AF61C" originalValue="A–C">A-C</normalizedToken>
|
||
,
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B0DCE0AD572DCB5DE6626C7931010B17" originalValue="E–F">E-F</normalizedToken>
|
||
, H). Newly hatched larvae near eggs presented as
|
||
<normalizedToken id="49FA2553E91E5BA0136A8F38666D0547" originalValue="“worm-form”">"worm-form"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 6B, E) or
|
||
<normalizedToken id="052CF5EE55AC0D79B2652C01011DBBB0" originalValue="“cyst-form”">"cyst-form"</normalizedToken>
|
||
(Fig. 6A). Both found among crushed egg strings. Under light microscopy, worm form (n = 13) larvae pre-septum length 31.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="02FBAD05C634F23B2B23DC5C12CB3535" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.83 (24.66-34.14)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="429544C20526F2B39E42E51779836AE1" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 13.18
|
||
<normalizedToken id="296BDB105AD2EBDA6085FF76E80D53EE" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.44 (12.30-14.13)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="70EE8AE9624126B82CCA71AFD2FF92F7" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; post-septum length 80.75
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1780EB54E47856C45E6613C212A96E29" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
3.87 (77.16-89.13)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="5F485E6C3446F3A1396796565E654B39" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 11.17
|
||
<normalizedToken id="353C3E157654CAB08CE12A910F516447" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.70 (9.76-2.60)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7B5A1D15E3956BEB549EA27829D81766" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Proboscis (same as stylet in our previous description in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="353026827CE0944885B4497D3D76D65B" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. (2011)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) length 11.77
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8D330E409BABF69C334C917F065496A3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.87 (10.14-12.46)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B03EDFF8945872A906E04CEAEAEEA347" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 3.29
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A03F11C34A3FD687E17CA94456F97431" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.39 (2.79-4.02)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1CFB9659513F7D569FADC05D7566486B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; pseudo-intestines unequally subdivided, oval with length 48.22
|
||
<normalizedToken id="89ECE23BEDAF53D5FE4EAD7AD85DA447" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
2.86 (44.69-54.32)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CDCDEAFF213BE2521BF0DAACF9559106" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 7.99
|
||
<normalizedToken id="60B7911326E6E351C6753032CACABE87" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.87 (6.57-9.17)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E333D6DE2341C6FBEEA5E21A83E22AF2" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Cyst form (n = 15) larvae post-septum folded into an oval shape, length 25.64
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FCFD09FF1A83F3D646874C7FB4A3C3EF" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.66 (22.34-27.88)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="D1C304350B0E006DB6BF336B7D7DFDDA" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 17.41
|
||
<normalizedToken id="91C326E0694B409F1B52D2DDA5C4CC0A" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.40 (14.91-19.38)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A5C0650199EE79EC2D57ABE020A3577F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; proboscis the only obvious structure, length 11.19
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C23498062DA35A320378F2779C759947" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
1.25 (8.22-13.23)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="75729FDFEE8FF3E6D71CD223241C612B" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 2.60
|
||
<normalizedToken id="1EE603DE9902F8FA8D43225F06CF0776" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.63 (1.38-3.21)
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6D46364CC6CC2EA64403010613C85142" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B7DD4AF3F993F68EBFF4873527FAC521" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Under SEM (worm-form larvae), larvae superficially annulated with 13 segments on pre-septum and 35 on post-septum, ectodermal septum not distinguishable (Fig. 6E). Hooks arranged in three rings on anterior pre-septum: outer ring containing seven hooks, including ventral double hooks close to each other; middle and inner rings containing six hooks, and six inner spines, located between each outer hook (Fig. 6F). Proboscis inside the pre-septum covered by sheath, ornamented with two sets of spines: seven larger spines arranged laterally in two lines, except the largest terminal spine; seven smaller spines on dorsal side, no spines on ventral proboscis (Fig. 6H). One single posterior spine located on end of post-septum (Fig. 6E); exterior openings of pseudo-intestine may be present, but not clear (Fig. 6C).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="68290A58B60DD7263A51BD18DC930B55" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Field-collected cysts (Fig. 6D) Three cysts inside a snail length 23.59-24.35
|
||
<normalizedToken id="6C00297065BAA757D31308DE47F7BDF8" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 15.33-16.45
|
||
<normalizedToken id="A086CD94C719BA363E67851F065A1A96" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
; proboscis length 11.42-11.91
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0ACF116A567EB062D9996EC202DA262F" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
, width 1.67-2.047
|
||
<normalizedToken id="373D0BC6A7BF97BFF40D5A744E902CF9" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
|
||
. Shape of cysts similar to cyst-form larvae, no cyst wall found, likely ruined during sample preparation.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="0CB8B54240155F8A007A23F06F3AC232" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="6A00AFF3DFF9E33ECE7BA72622922877" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 6. Immature stages of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DB93559F1F9CD1330095FDE5DCA705CE" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="69DE973E0E2C163DFBB01F9B499E7D6F" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
Live A cyst-form and B worm-form larvae in water C Posterior view of a worm-form larva D Cysts in an infected snail; E Worm-form larva under SEMF Anterior view of a larva showing the hook arrangement G Egg strings H Close-up of the proboscis. DS, dorsal spines; Ho, hooklet; LS, lateral spines; Peo, pseudointestine exterior opening; PostS, postseptum; PreS, preseptum; Pro, proboscis; PS, proboscis sheath; PsI, pseudointestine gland. Scale bars 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E979E64CADFFE6CB3E114785AD06945E" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<normalizedToken id="24E98CE2A2DF595A5BF1F144FFB13E87" originalValue="A–B">A-B</normalizedToken>
|
||
), 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E05909219BA8716F6700CFE0B277D811" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(C), 50
|
||
<normalizedToken id="ABC03F48E1A44B3324F04225EB0CE99D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(D), 10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="32C207A1EB722ED1746338F62B16781F" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(E), 5
|
||
<normalizedToken id="86F55777AC8A6B0C14C9951F24634080" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(F), 1 cm (G), and 2
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C589CE0D126550265214E5B44B4957FE" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(H).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="EAC024F329CC9E1CC7B5ED0362D1A75A" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" type="phylogeny">
|
||
<paragraph id="8EE9AF5A29D9EAAF5AAD1C5F52DA2DB0" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">Phylogeny.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="82D1D30E28A8BEFBC2413A6BB33D3FAE" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Except for one female with insufficient DNA for sequencing, the 23
|
||
<taxonomicName id="33EA1FA69FA950A45937971C802912C0" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
COI sequences (GenBank numbers KX591922, KX591926-KX591935, KX591937-KX591948) contained eight haplotypes with 442 invariable sites, six singletons, and two parsimoniously informative sites. The genetic distance among them was 0.0025 with a range of 0.0000-0.0112. The phylogenetic tree had a polytomic topology in which some clades were not highly supported because of low bootstrap values and short genetic distances (Fig. 7). The genetic distance between the COI sequences of these 23
|
||
<taxonomicName id="77BC0740E0B6612D38AF1767B53CF614" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
individuals and that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F3903A85D463FDDD1CAD7DA47B60C1E9" lsidName="G. balticus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="balticus">G. balticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was 0.27948 compared to 0.25455 and 0.27439 for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D5D860AD475CDF3C10A878F23612EEF6" lsidName="G. attoni" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="attoni">G. attoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FD5D65AFD09E9B2156773E4BCE6D79BA" lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="16BD64DE35D466EF2426D6855886FA7E" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
<paragraph id="0B274077422577D97694131DE0562110" pageId="2" pageNumber="3">
|
||
Figure 7. Neighbor-joining tree of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0CFA535F4833484D6D6FB756BFD0E3EB" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9BC0C0DEE0139F149892C37B75DF593D" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes formosanus" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="formosanus">Chordodes formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
compared to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FF12862EF5ECECD0751EC975B0A9A5C7" lsidName="C. japonensis" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="japonensis">C. japonensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69BB7BA9988FBC2D81F35460B24E4E7E" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gordius attoni" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="attoni">Gordius attoni</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FB58063A1F1B188D98FEFB3B6F9486AF" lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2E3B3FE836D4E4D099DF51219AEE5B59" lsidName="G. balticus" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" rank="species" species="balticus">G. balticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EC0CEF7F1724FB168C1EDE90CE488928" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Paragordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Paragordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="2" pageNumber="3" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Paragordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. Numbers at the nodes represent the percentage of 5,000 bootstrap replicates.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="A8087E573BD4EF828DEC3B70396ED542" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="comments">
|
||
<paragraph id="4C038CA888AE1695316555EDE80EF195" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="3BFE14D140A7926A67B246D201DA41E7" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" start="start">Comments</pageBreakToken>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="997479EE8D3C17884C8999C29D4B7229" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
The 23
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2C25F9A9FB4D2FDAA6C682C9227D6A7" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
samples from orthopteran hosts were determined to be from a single species based on their low genetic distances, which was similar to the intraspecific pairwise distances found within
|
||
<taxonomicName id="887CBB7484E432C93B086FE222E54F12" lsidName="G. robustus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="robustus">G. cf. robustus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0.64-2.63%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="805AE916CB64D81DC320193E8468547B" author="Hanelt, B" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="211 - 218" title="Cryptic species of hairworm parasites revealed by molecular data and crowdsourcing of specimen collections." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.010" volume="82" year="2015">Hanelt et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5C6D03D4C41C0F7A96F86B14A6E78878" lsidName="C. formosanus" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" rank="species" species="formosanus">C. formosanus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(0-1.92%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3BCCB32D70F8569E986A277A7932F00E" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and lower than the interspecific pairwise distances among species of the genera
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0B3E5485D3FF481CA4EA80506FE1FA88" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Gordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Gordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Gordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
(8.0-24.3%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E5DFBE86704ABE8FFBC4261E705E02FE" author="Hanelt, B" journalOrPublisher="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="211 - 218" title="Cryptic species of hairworm parasites revealed by molecular data and crowdsourcing of specimen collections." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ympev.2014.09.010" volume="82" year="2015">Hanelt et al. 2015</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="08A8854197F9C51442FE727C6C1F2C0E" class="Gordioida" family="Chordodidae" genus="Chordodes" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Chordodes" order="Gordioidea" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Chordodes</taxonomicName>
|
||
(16.84%) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="ADD0E22473700B33E63E97FA7BC38D99" author="Chiu, MC" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="1 - 22" title="A new horsehair worm, Chordodesformosanus sp. n. (Nematomorpha, Gordiida) from Hierodula mantids of Taiwan and Japan with redescription of a closely related species, Chordodesjaponensis." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.160.2290" volume="160" year="2011">Chiu et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="09501E5116F49A9271B0B1E0902567B2" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="76AAA721B88427198EDCD3BF38593156" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" start="start">All</pageBreakToken>
|
||
three morphological types of post-cloacal crescents identified in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8919ED2BBFB9DA94FBDFF87D9B436038" lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
were apparent in the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A3AB032B70BC575520327494C19B399B" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. samples. Nevertheless, post-cloacal crescents significantly extending onto the tail lobes were only described in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EED7600A1DB4AFCC464B3CA1F632E665" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n. and previously in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15FE8156FCE464BD1B0C0456317308C0" lsidName="A. acuminatus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="acuminatus">A. acuminatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8404D7FCDFF9C2BA94A8336BAEA93B26" author="de Miralles, DB" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 79" title="Dos nuevas especies y una nueva combinacion para el genero Acutogordius (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae)." volume="44" year="1998">de Miralles and de Villalobos 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2EA9D27F4794E502B95D8B8684479228" lsidName="A. feae" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="feae">A. feae</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Camerano, 1897),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8BDE4AF420080BC61A81747901868064" lsidName="A. obesus" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="obesus">A. obesus</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Camerano, 1895), and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3F839F705A08E0E9EB6FB5C58CD14628" lsidName="A. sulawensis" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" rank="species" species="sulawensis">A. sulawensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
Schmidt-Rhaesa and Geraci, 2006. High intraspecific variation in the post-cloacal crescent makes this structure unsuitable as a diagnostic characteristic at the species level, despite that it is the most obvious structure that can be examined by stereomicroscope.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="9CA6DDD2DD522C90CA54101F0FC52457" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="AF90C872F117DCE10DFACF986C00C9F4" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" start="start">Short</pageBreakToken>
|
||
bristles on the mid-body were a newly described character, which were first found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A282A928880D60FF36560CDA5C8C5467" lsidName="A. finni" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="finni">A. finni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6890DD4F012D295EF87D4B43E0398AB1" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz 2016</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). This character is not likely to be examined by stereomicroscope, but in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="67120390AD56C71ECE951A78CECD9C2E" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., the short bristles were still not consistently present in all individuals examined under SEM. One of the possible reasons is that the bristles were covered by mucus on the cuticle surface. The surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C250E93BF99B217B6F4C0FE1B017B6FD" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="genus">Acutogordius</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been generally described as totally smooth (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C4AB18BA532B32E0E534C851BEDE10A0" author="de Miralles, DB" journalOrPublisher="Neotropica" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" pagination="75 - 79" title="Dos nuevas especies y una nueva combinacion para el genero Acutogordius (Nematomorpha: Gordiidae)." volume="44" year="1998">de Miralles and de Villalobos 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, Schmidt-Rhaesa et al. 2006). However, various structures were found on the surface of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69A61785B393B9731D0CB2CC293AB0FD" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. n., including wrinkled, cracked, or indented structures. A similar structure (fine grooves as described in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E20D2B24590FC8E0241AEAD9AD14BDDE" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
have been found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="69D8FC64857F53290E94F83FCEBAF1E3" lsidName="A. finni" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="finni">A. finni</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Figs 4D, E in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2E8C81AE2DB8D7D7E66450CA6431BB12" author="Schmidt-Rhaesa, A" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" pagination="246 - 260" title="Nematomorpha from the Philippines, with description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4158.2.6" volume="4158" year="2016">Schmidt-Rhaesa and Schwarz (2016)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), and some of the bristles look like
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FFA0712FB53623F043CA320235C00BD0" originalValue="“sticks”">"sticks"</normalizedToken>
|
||
on the cuticle surface. In addition, the areole-like structure on the anterior end of one female, also suggested the possibility that the moderately flat areoles covering male tail tips were caused by mucus. Thus, although the moderately flat areoles and short bristles were applied as the main diagnostic characters for
|
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<taxonomicName id="329A4FF68EF53972FBFB3A982FC549F0" class="Gordioida" family="Gordiidae" genus="Acutogordius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Acutogordius taiwanensis" order="Gordioidea" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Nematomorpha" rank="species" species="taiwanensis">Acutogordius taiwanensis</taxonomicName>
|
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sp. n. and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3C0396CF7FA46F70A8912200ADDDD8A7" lsidName="A. protectus" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="protectus">A. protectus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more information may be necessary to confidently distinguish between the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |