315 lines
48 KiB
XML
315 lines
48 KiB
XML
<document id="42376E08EB94F6B0A4F69932D4156FAF" ID-CLB-Dataset="35127" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" ID-GBIF-Dataset="a3fc6ee3-7633-4bf5-9be4-f979ef9810c1" ID-PMC="PMC4233402" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-450-1" ID-PubMed="25408617" ID-ZooBank="6EAFB9611C8C4A88BB84CBCE13CDE663" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-450-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 450" ModsDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" checkinTime="1451245189022" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Smith, Sarah M. & Cognato, Anthony I." docDate="2014" docId="855A31D15E8210C2C11EA09302FDC9D2" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 450: 1-182" docOrigin="ZooKeys 450" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452" docTitle="Scolytus fiskei Blackman 1934, valid sp." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="33" masterDocId="FFF8FFEDC228FF81FFA4FFBD8B484705" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)" masterLastPageNumber="182" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="32" updateTime="1701374697345" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="9061E6C028439ED84484A8D9E8709C3C">A taxonomic monograph of Nearctic Scolytus Geoffroy (Coleoptera, Curculionidae, Scolytinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="BF1EA38555638168DEC978E44DB15108">Smith, Sarah M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6126A5465CEF15D7C1D186E127C98744">Cognato, Anthony I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="D3272A8B63BE1306480A19142B3ABFD3">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="8251B0A0F7872F51A411B2DEA68C7767">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9193209B1BD139C4BF2A2AAC40259F44">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:identifier id="935F067AEA8DA4DE7529EF2758026BB0" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.450.7452</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="855A31D15E8210C2C11EA09302FDC9D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152056112" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:855A31D15E8210C2C11EA09302FDC9D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/855A31D15E8210C2C11EA09302FDC9D2" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<subSubSection id="32F58A1C958F95A058BB3160CC9D4945" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="DDDFB68E0E60E712A231F610445378BA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Taxon classification Animalia Coleoptera Curculionidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="977504B83E9AE2C51EFC9C8B5B57A029" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AFDB1EA7F90A7A61557308353671DF5A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="5D876BCA6BAB836C7DC2A58638CFA33E" ID-CoL="4VTJM" authority="Blackman, 1934" authorityName="Blackman" authorityYear="1934" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei Blackman, 1934</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="1AE40E6D4F1B3A8BA30CB2BF4CF504FA" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">valid sp.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 29, 31
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A963BB951BF3615287AA9F9B92D3FE1A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="7DF5F5547748C045BC464CA0741AD2E2" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="575B910E06F740E36C78A6CEDC5CCE66" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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Blackman, 1934: 25.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DCEA4EB58D8AF4B550A5CE8810A1AD9A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="E7D7E369D6EA03C1049F468FA037E88A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A492A964AC6E43865DDFFDAB78471F4A" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<taxonomicName id="83A68F3275497C8B3C42FFDB2A45CFFB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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is very morphologically similar to
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<taxonomicName id="6C55AF38BB8C88A4163B3334476B8439" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="E84CA74F8FFA2188709D0D25B736B983" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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. Males of are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="DFD845776FC2209A768C3D4FC76AF333" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus laricis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laricis">Scolytus laricis</taxonomicName>
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by the frons flattened when viewed laterally, never deeply impressed, by the moderately abundant frontal setae (compared to dense) and by the host genus,
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<taxonomicName id="DE3C18862BA641971E589176836E7FE9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga" order="Pinales" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">Pseudotsuga</taxonomicName>
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. Males are distinguished from those of
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<taxonomicName id="2896BDCCC7B98C72EFD72977A7E53970" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
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by the following combination of characters: abdominal venter shiny in luster, the base of the ventrite 2 spine extends from the apical margin to three-quarters the length of the segment and geographical distribution east of the Rocky Mountains. The female is distinguished from that of both species by the shining luster of ventrite 2.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DEBF418C7683D5F0DBC4EA52128BF650" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="description (male)">
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<paragraph id="9283F4D7A4F093AAA5670B7DEBDDA037" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Description (male).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="0259C891949DBDCE1C5C80E7B3E45770" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2.2-2.8 mm long (mean = 2.4 mm; n = 15); 2.1-2.8 times as long as wide. Head, antennae, pronotum, and abdominal venter dark red-brown, elytra and legs yellow-brown to light brown. Pronotum typically darker than elytra.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32ED10FFF8D29328B3E1CF9E6A1952B7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Head. Epistoma weakly emarginated; epistomal process present, moderately developed, low; median area above mandibles bearing dense patch of long, yellow, hair-like setae. Frons appearing flattened when viewed laterally from epistoma to vertex, slightly transversely impressed just above epistoma to inner apices of eyes; moderately, coarsely, longitudinally aciculate-punctate; aciculations converging at epistoma; punctures large, sparse and coarse; moderately, uniformly covered by long, fine, yellow, erect, hair-like setae, these longer than width of midpoint of eye. Antennal scape short, elongate; club flattened, irregularly ovoid, setose with partial septum, two broadly arcuate sutures visible.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="D3DE89E23FED0ED330A5164358B855E3" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Pronotum wider than long; apical margin broadly rounded, median area between eyes lined with scales; sides distinctly arcuate, strongly constricted near apex, forming a weak transverse impression near apical margin; surface smooth, shining, punctures on disc fine, shallow, moderately abundant, larger and more abundant laterally and on apical constriction; apical and anterolateral margins bearing sparse, erect, yellow, hair-like setae; base weakly bisinuate.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AFC99CFED99C1C7FD38D2DE1C759DB1F" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Elytra with sides sub-parallel on apical half, narrowing to subquadrate, smooth apex; apex moderately emarginated at suture. Margin of apical edge bearing small, fine punctures. Disc smooth, shining; interstriae not impressed, twice width of striae, punctures uniseriate, smaller than those of striae; punctures bearing short, sparse, recumbent, yellow setae slightly longer than size of a puncture (may be abraded); striae weakly impressed. Declivity bearing sparse, short, erect yellow setae. Metepimeron less than half-length of metanepisternum.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="6F049C79C710A9CBF9A9E510C1FC27A9" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Venter. Apical margin of ventrite 1 rounded, 2 marked by weak carina. Ventrite 2 nearly perpendicular to ventrite 1; surface smooth, shining, finely punctate; punctures small, fine, shallow; covered with sparse setae less than length of segment 3; surface convex; apical margin armed with laterally compressed, median spine with base extending from apical margin to
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<normalizedToken id="8EBA2AA496ABE7E8EA90C281C7BB75CE" originalValue="¾">3/4</normalizedToken>
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length of segment, apex rounded; lateral margins of ventrites 2-3 and ventrite 4 unarmed. Ventrite 5 carinate ridge equidistant between basal and apical margins of segment; length of ventrite 5 less than combined lengths of ventrites 3 and 4; setal patch and median depression absent.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="C20F8E08DA2201B6E65E9273F9865928" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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<paragraph id="48B963FB486D1F1BACC67B8402B6B89E" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Figure 31.
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<taxonomicName id="CAF6C10D7759E3496D40CCBB788BDFE1" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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A dorsal male habitus B lateral male habitus C male frons D male frons oblique E male venter F male venter oblique G dorsal female habitus H lateral female habitus I female frons J female frons oblique K female venter L female venter oblique.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2E6048E9B6E767098C9E8AA278E1F32C" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="female">
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<paragraph id="1A6D8F9819CCB381BCF4FFD145DA01B7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Female.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="36E2643CB407881F578D73EAC01C30D1" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">2.2-3.5 mm long (mean = 4.65 mm; n = 15); 2.1-2.5 times as long as wide. Similar to male except epistoma feebly emarginated, epistomal process weakly developed, frons convex when viewed laterally, weakly longitudinally aciculate, setae sparser, shorter, less than width of eye; weakly transversely impressed between epistoma and inner apices of eyes. Second ventrite apical margin armed with acute median denticle, with base extending from apical margin to half-length of segment.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="1BB84157F250319D5ACFA881B2058939" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="specimens examined">
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<paragraph id="6AAADFFBE43C976D9B13784BE1B63731" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="89AB663B03E7E6F815DEEDDE031F18A5" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">297.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2C146581839CB7E2B642D0C97A7152D7" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="type specimens">
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<paragraph id="BF8545A98661166C3F7BE5FEF419FCAB" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="1175F9F6E88720E152BC609117192A84" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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Holotype
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<taxonomicName id="C2801CDE7D272520C5333FCCD6E5E8B0" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
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Blackman: male, labeled "[Capitan Mountains, N. Mex. 25 April, 1907], Hopk. US 3959, W.F. Fiske Collector, Type No. 43840 USNM" (USNM).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="DDE9CC5A6860E30E3F1FAA23DB8D3E72" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32" type="non-type specimens">
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<paragraph id="765890F06ED262474365D3F53FAEC925" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">Non-type specimens.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C80244BAD5AD5EFD22EF9D853C9F0856" lastPageId="32" lastPageNumber="33" pageId="31" pageNumber="32">
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CANADA:
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<pageBreakToken id="309F792E8F575AD79A5777469E82F96D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" start="start">BRITISH</pageBreakToken>
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COLUMBIA: Aspen Grove, 12.VII.1931, H. Richmond (CNCI-11, FMNH-2). Clinton, 6 mi N., 7.VII.1972, D.E. Bright, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="EBB26C9FA2191BEA9DEEA9944F7B46FE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(CNCI-7). Creston, 8.VI.1958, H. & A. Howden (EMEC-1). Fort Steele, 14.VI.[19]26, R. Hopping (CASC-1). Indian Meadows, Midday Creek, 13.VII.1920, R. Hopping, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="F4BE07A41C331B1AA6BA65FC1F8CB030" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga taxifolia" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="taxifolia">Pseudotsuga taxifolia</taxonomicName>
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[=
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<taxonomicName id="35601F4BF6A7D07033A1D48630ABC504" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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] (CASC-2, CNCI-2). Lumby, Creighton Valley, 3.VI.[19]22, R. Hopping (CASC-1). Merritt, Midday Valley, 27.VI.1926, W. Mathers (CASC-2). Trinity Valley, 24.VI.1928, J.R. Howell, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="D628C36B94540FF7DE9DA34D7E8F8F4B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pinus monticola" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="monticola">Pinus monticola</taxonomicName>
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(CASC-1), 10.VII.1928 (CASC-1). UNITED STATES:ARIZONA:Pima Co.: Tucson, Mount Lemmon, 11.VI.1969, S.L. Wood, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="8BFA334D31F120FA7D018D4F2AC19542" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC-2). COLORADO:Boulder Co.: Nederland, 5-7 km N., 5.VIII.2009, D.E. Bright, B.A. Barr, ex. branches of
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<taxonomicName id="B5565C46D15D56C54AC728C688D93FFB" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(CNCI-4). [La Plata Co.]: Durango, Junction Creek Rd, 10000 ft, 12-17.VII.1968, E.C. Becker (CNCI-1). Larimer Co.: Roosevelt National Forest, Big Thompson Canyon,
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<geoCoordinate id="C6A1E676454E34329956528245ED4B50" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="40.4076">N40°24.456'</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="481EFC6BE759995CD7637CF9E2B50889" direction="west" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="-105.40942">W105°24.565'</geoCoordinate>
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, 7080 ft, 5.V.2010, S.M. Smith, D.E. Bright, B.A. Barr, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="0C5439603844FB3EA9723010BB67F4C8" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(MSUC-36). IDAHO: [Adams Co.]: Tamarack, 10 mi S., 3.VII.1967 (WFBM-1). Boise Co.: Idaho City, 2.VI.1970 (WFBM-9), 1.I.1971 (WFBM-4). Lowman, Edna Creek, 6.VII.[19]72, A. Vaccares, G. Starr, ex. Douglas fir stump [=
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<taxonomicName id="5156E870771C0E46736B7F0AAF6A11D2" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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] (WFBM-1). Bonner Co.: 6.VI.1986, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
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<taxonomicName id="77B4F663441DCECF381B6A0D8A4B0143" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
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(WFBM-7). Priest Lake, Indian Creek, 6.VI.1986, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="06BE86D002B71AA625190A6EEC61C2DE" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-25). Priest Lake, 6.VI.1986, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="198D8D1314043C29EA7811168C353E62" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-1). Boundary Co.: Parker Creek, 8.VI.1986, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE9E576065AB62B3AEEA3BD544D74C1A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-5). Clearwater Co.: Elk River, 12 mi S.E., Hopk. U.S. 58536, 9.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2FBA192AF55373927D77C76D870E80DB" originalValue="VII–">VII-</normalizedToken>
|
||
16.VII.1973, R.D. Oakes (WFBM-1), 30.VII-6.VIII.1973 (WFBM-1); Hopk. U.S. 58771, 25.VI-1.VII.1974, J.M. Wells, ex. in flight (WFBM-1). Custer Co.: Herd Lake, Hopk. U.S. 60796-A, 3.IX.1978, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AAF5C980199A920B55F33CDB03849EE9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-9). MacKay, 9 mi N.E., 19.VII.1985, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7D706489D8CB7C0DF37B371CB9B1EC1" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-3). Summit, W. of Pass Creek, 19.VII.1985, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="622186C5C96BD576E5D714DC47EC8291" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-12). Latah Co.: Big Sand Creek, Hopk. U.S. 53545, 11.VI.1969, M.M. Furniss (WFBM-1), 20.VI.1969 (WFBM-1). Moscow, 20.XI.1961, R.E. Stecker, ex. reared from Doug fir [=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E225DE13DB826F2D86E0A47AA05A38A9" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
] (WFBM-33). Moscow Mountain, Hopk. U.S. 48869, 18.VII.1967, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3326A8F46985AC7A35D3DA148ACDEC8F" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-3). Viola, 21.VI.1985, S.J. Gast, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="216168149D6ADBB04640D55DCE7F394B" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-2). Nez Perce Co.: Forest, III.1985, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="35B24402551946043172BDACB0965725" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-6). Shoshone Co.: Red Ives Ranger Station, V.1983, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="05C0F9DFFBF283A1DF312CE80115D3D6" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-1). Valley Co.: Cascade, 7 mi E., 14.VI.1966, R.L. Furniss (WFBM-1). MONTANA:Lake Co.: Swan Lake, 28.VI.1963, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AFCE6FBA351CBEAF789A04A5BF22A431" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-1). Madison Co.: Alder, 18 km S.W., 8.IX.1978, M.M. Furniss, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="690FAFAEADB994508C074C7B8B9E1E3A" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-6), Alder, 12 mi S.W. (WFBM-16). Park Co.: Livingston, 10 mi S.E., 23.VII.1988, M.M. Furniss, J.B. Johnson, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="459C48A4ADDE8291890EF8886114AAB7" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(WFBM-2). NEW MEXICO:Otero Co.: Cloudcroft, 4.VI.1969, tree 53, S.L. Wood, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A0F253D63F6B124BDB91B73147F63D34" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(MSUC-2). Sierra Co.: Emory Pass, 24.VII.1974, D.E. Bright, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CE109DFA01AE2C042CE72511FE37E175" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(CNCI-1). WASHINGTON: [Whitman Co.]: Pullman, 23.VI.1951, N.M. Downie (FMNH-1). WYOMING: [Teton Co.]: Jackson, A.D. Hopkins, ex.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F620B32F00E146B092140617C92FED62" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(USNM-1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="4CB6CC9128765F7CAE1662E3E8DCA669" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="44F29050FAB68076008C64DEFBD77D0A" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="5C9D05FE79FFE6606F5329921D623786" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">CANADA: British Columbia. UNITED STATES: Arizona, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, New Mexico, Washington, Wyoming (Fig. 32).</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="00A6DE88273DE97A0F49A94E636F694C" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<paragraph id="A6D6ABD5DF3C8E8C11E229E2129ED674" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Figure 32.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42183BE4ACE0FD8CBFA4EB89E0524EC9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E56ABF6D7996DAA9856F027146055073" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus silvaticus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="silvaticus">Scolytus silvaticus</taxonomicName>
|
||
distribution map.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E00290687324CA3A2279ED6D88CB5B18" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="hosts">
|
||
<paragraph id="F714497C1B4F3A878756D06727BCCFA7" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Hosts.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="3AD87DAE3757CA2106B379E1EE24D956" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D750E20D7462A2DA00869309595F15BC" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Mirb.) Franco (Douglas fir).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F6A2AD9995A935BA90C0270E6503A970" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="biology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D6713DEA9DC8EDAB87E5C7EB73838E45" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Biology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2C79E3945289139EDCB2232E2C2B25EC" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="42944A918152EC0D43379886C0EB1262" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
colonizes suppressed limbs and branches of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2D114BC4FE0AC072BD72A6FBF1FFD75D" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pseudotsuga" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pseudotsuga menziesii" order="Pinales" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="menziesii">Pseudotsuga menziesii</taxonomicName>
|
||
as well as fresh slash (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="10EF1FFAC5F70345D716FDE687ED76C0" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Smith, pers. obs.). The adult gallery is bayonet shaped, parallel to the grain of wood and consists of two egg galleries, one below and one above the nuptial chamber and a turning niche. The female constructs the adult gallery mostly in the cambium and lightly scores the sapwood. Larval mines are perpendicular to the egg gallery and turn to form a fan shaped pattern (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="4ADF324E0C089172764432DF5C1CEF33" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D14661D4BE67BD15364060DD2D8DBD0C" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Smith, pers. obs.) (Fig. 24). The adult gallery measures 3.8-9.0 cm in length (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7C19355C01B198F423A0F550829717EA" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). The following year adults emerge and excavate tunnels within twigs of Douglas fir for maturation feeding causing twig flagging (reported as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="249D858A6DF96E332E66AB09F876ED2B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="90022A110B37E3740B5FAEFDC444B8CC" author="McMullen, LH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="17 - 25" title="Life-history and habits of Scolytusunispinosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the interior of British Columbia." url="10.4039/Ent9417-1" volume="94" year="1962">McMullen and Atkins 1962</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="DD092F2DFEA7F5AA38D6FAF6F38D430D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
Like most
|
||
<taxonomicName id="FA7B7868F3F0B652DC70C4E2B75A09AD" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Scolytus</taxonomicName>
|
||
species, there is a very limited amount of information regarding
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C86E089EBDDACB847C09599FA91CC945" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
. For many years it was considered a synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43715E95E242A3FC651047D130C383AB" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and was thus referred to as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D07BB4C144583B1D96DA9AC14DBDD6B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in publications. Very little was written about this species in the US (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="038F36E7242B41715D4B3A736D773B7D" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist Memoirs" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 1553" title="A catalog of Scolytidae and Platypodidae (Coleoptera), Part 2: Taxonomic Index." volume="13" year="1992">Wood and Bright 1992</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) other than host preference and gallery descriptions (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="82753871C6C14F2A67EE8ACDB6562438" author="Keen, FP" journalOrPublisher="United States Department of Agriculture, Miscellaneous Publication" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="1 - 209" title="Insect enemies of western forests." volume="273" year="1938">Keen 1938</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A7BDD2FEADA763631BFC967728E3BFDD" author="Edson, LJ" journalOrPublisher="Unpublished thesis, Humboldt State College, California" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" title="An annotated and illustrated key to the species of the genus Scolytus (Coleoptera, Scolytidae) attacking coniferous trees of the Nearctic region." year="1967">Edson 1967</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="2A31A1832347863BEE6479DF79F9F5BF" author="Bright, DE" journalOrPublisher="Canada Department of Agriculture, Research Branch, Biosystematic Research Institute, Ottawa" pageId="73" pageNumber="74" title="The insects and arachnids of Canada, Part 2: The bark beetles of Canada and Alaska, Coleoptera: Scolytidae." year="1976">Bright 1976</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="54783BA66AB58E48B598347A1696CA53" author="McMullen, LH" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="17 - 25" title="Life-history and habits of Scolytusunispinosus LeConte (Coleoptera: Scolytidae) in the interior of British Columbia." url="10.4039/Ent9417-1" volume="94" year="1962">McMullen and Atkins (1962)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reported some notes on the biology of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BEB371F6D4BF71D43C6641C62BC4CFD7" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
in British Columbia and appear to have reported a combined account of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="91F749AE3D9947B73D0DD41C390940A6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="226D083191EB3992155619236D81C833" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The authors noted the gallery of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1FCA7A2F66B7D1500D21DAB3D44BA871" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
studied in their investigations as "in about 15 per cent of the galleries over 20 days of age were the type described by Chamberlin and Keen [
|
||
<taxonomicName id="12F9D5596300AB08F5B8AF6B36F45642" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which has only a single egg gallery]; the majority were of the forked type and were similar to those of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="78150E713B4DE4B030D8177F08F09DCC" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus tsugae" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tsugae">Scolytus tsugae</taxonomicName>
|
||
[referencing a forked or bayonet shaped gallery that is made by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AEEEFA12D90ACFCD4CCA86BFA561D346" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
]". Their description matches the gallery description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E932372744AED4153C903ACC5631DF33" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which like has two egg galleries as part of a bayonet shaped adult gallery. Because most of the specimens are of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D1A221B29C7B1FE7329FC83DB873517" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
, this article does offer some information regarding the biology of the species be used with caution because not all of the findings may apply to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="43B64FB70BCB944C68E42BA06A8D039C" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="E9C64EBD82C59F8A51CDB38D5A822D2E" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="DA749BED550AC34BDC86784CAA323C6C" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE2D6545C214D67D60C7A0CF7BAA1ACB" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
The holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A2CAF2916D5EE7A0C29C86AF72FD806" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
does not bear a locality label.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A8F08E3891802A7F8E088B4D2FA4A4B2" author="Blackman, MW" journalOrPublisher="US Department of Agriculture Technical Bulletin" pageId="72" pageNumber="73" title="A revisional study of the genus Scolytus Geoffroy (Eccoptogaster Herbst) in North America." volume="431" year="1934">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="19315D3677CF2A7D75D10C29A13FA147" originalValue="Blackman’s">Blackman's</normalizedToken>
|
||
(1934)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description states the holotype was collected at the Capitan Mountains, New Mexico.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D8A164376182C64A87CEA6EAFAD1F18D" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E28C619ADFE18DF039CCE828DD8768D3" author="Furniss, MM" journalOrPublisher="University of Idaho, Moscow" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" title="Field guide to the bark beetles of Idaho and adjacent regions." year="2002">Furniss and Johnson (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
report
|
||
<taxonomicName id="25D62612DBDA2EEE58ECF4AC184BDA06" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Alberta, Canada. These specimens are likely
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7D8D2034C07F665EBA83A4047756158A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="32" pageNumber="33" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the geographic distribution of the species in the Rocky Mountains.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="106AA9862863D0EAE17173AED2784F57" lastPageId="33" lastPageNumber="34" pageId="32" pageNumber="33">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="65AE1A578241117F3A6903003656C72B" author="Wood, SL" journalOrPublisher="Great Basin Naturalist" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="383 - 394" title="New synonymy and new species of American bark beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae), Part V." volume="37" year="1977">Wood (1977</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: 388) placed
|
||
<taxonomicName id="656B21B827C691C6E9D15C6B8D2F2A68" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="D58D2137636B816ECC621CC823D231DA" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" start="start">Scolytus</pageBreakToken>
|
||
fiskei
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E2CEAB017E13A777602E102525117A63" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
after examining both holotypes and 164 specimens from Arizona to British Columbia and concluded that there was too much intraspecific variation to recognize them as separate species. We assessed the intraspecific and interspecific variation (Tables 6 and 7) for each of the four genes for each species.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2C2706D83C59E0D31A7DD1627FB6BFD5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
intraspecific variation for COI was low, 0.0-0.0231, and averaged 0.0183 among all sampled populations.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D8D89D5AE440032F454E90EA31936BD9" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
intraspecific variation was also low, 0.0016-0.0282 and averaged 0.0121. Interspecific variation between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5E020FA91B8D4B5114F146230475F844" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5A0F26AFAE9B550B892AFAA1F7FAF135" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
was much higher, 0.0331-0.0521 and averaged 0.043 among populations. Similar differences were also observed with CAD (Table 7). The species have separate geographical ranges with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A6841726ACF4E42312851F6ADCA2E51F" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurring primarily in the Rocky Mountains and British Columbia while
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D7607F51B8C2CE3543CA9E6A2821204D" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs in the Cascade and Sierra mountains from California to British Columbia. Both species are sympatric in the Interior Plateau of British Columbia near Merritt. The species are separated by the characters listed in the diagnosis and by the galleries. The galleries of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8F0C5D6760133486D679C724BA1942D0" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
contain two egg galleries; one above and one below the nuptial chamber. The gallery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DE77DB696E97CD08963758D881BFFE6" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
only contains a single egg gallery. In addition, the gallery of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="A45F1F7AA92FB7F9A0551221680095D5" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
lightly scores the sapwood while that of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EEA4CF633B6F65CA0BD34A2B6F98CD3A" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
deeply scores the sapwood. After examining the types, 950 specimens of both species and testing the monophyly of each species using four genes, it is apparent that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00EAB6D7316CC48D7FED9F3FA0A68ECA" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus fiskei" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="fiskei">Scolytus fiskei</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a distinct lineage and is here removed from synonymy with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6B3FDEDD91821BAA01212CEAD83D5E8B" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Scolytus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Scolytus unispinosus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="33" pageNumber="34" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="unispinosus">Scolytus unispinosus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |