treatments-xml/data/7F/89/8D/7F898D452D175A4997BE32520F4F8FCB.xml

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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="89308" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399" ID-GBIF-Dataset="04ac90a6-24ce-43c8-a06c-b1f1680b3b8e" ID-PMC="PMC9848723" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-1110-39" ID-Pensoft-UUID="766F9A94793D5793A9BE1E70F575798B" ID-PubMed="36761454" ID-ZooBank="4681CC6DE5F347C6B1D052DEA78BE7C3" ModsDocID="1313-2970-1110-39" checkinTime="1657006630715" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sian Man, Nem, Siriboon, Thanit, Lin, Aung, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2022" docId="7F898D452D175A4997BE32520F4F8FCB" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 1110: 39-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 1110" docPubDate="2022-07-04" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399" docTitle="Haploptychius burmanicus" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="766F9A94793D5793A9BE1E70F575798B" lastPageNumber="39" masterDocId="766F9A94793D5793A9BE1E70F575798B" masterDocTitle="Revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora, Achatinina) in Myanmar, with description of four new species" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="39" pageNumber="39" updateTime="1732936926474" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="30FBFAC387044D3D558A1F21729D6504">Revision of the carnivorous land snail family Streptaxidae (Stylommatophora, Achatinina) in Myanmar, with description of four new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E23A1EAA6C9B1458E87271956B18838C">Sian Man, Nem</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F79CD75AED2370A68E4FFF1CC6A0CEFA">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="210444B9E0B4AA297888C7A4C3D0CD60">Siriboon, Thanit</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="B483C7AF165F413DE4DD786DF6B2D0F3">Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Srinakharinwirot University, Bangkok, 10110, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="C60B85FE6BEB414598B10905D5979CDE">Lin, Aung</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5BD11A1E67456561A238417B06B96347">Fauna and Flora International, No. 35, 3</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="5F5CD7EAC8D7009575DF96EE7CA93FBD">Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A76B27F4ABD5C89365FCAD435367B803">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2BB9A5EC16B6E01467615066D95F15AE">Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="5A69C9228741C3C9EAA218F775A4C582">Animal Systematics Research Unit, Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand</mods:affiliation>
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<treatment id="7F898D452D175A4997BE32520F4F8FCB" ID-GBIF-Taxon="196387989" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7F898D452D175A4997BE32520F4F8FCB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7F898D452D175A4997BE32520F4F8FCB" lastPageNumber="39" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" scope_family="Streptaxidae" scope_order="Stylommatophora" scope_subOrder="Achatinina">
<subSubSection id="1645149F96D7C515A509DDBC0A9ED9B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="3145E773ACDDEAA11CCA289BAD141BE1" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="1D4D18E5201FF0A4696BAD2D8E8FF855" ID-CoL="9F4D9" LSID="7F898D45-2D17-5A49-97BE-32520F4F8FCB" authority="(Blanford, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius burmanicus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanicus">Haploptychius burmanicus (Blanford, 1865)</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="7E0F29B65F87E231647FCCEB32CFBE7E" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="A23A795FAC774E4C1A47A1566861BAB0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<figureCitation id="A60053DB3B9E0588B4FC857F84C1FA8E" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A-C Haploptychius blanfordi A syntype NHMUK 1888.12.4.777 - 779 from Pegu with apertural dentition B specimen NHMUK 1906.2.2.338 from Akouktoung, Pegu C specimen NHMUK 1909.3.15.71 from Pegu D Haploptychius burmanicus, syntype NHMUK 1906.2.2.199 from Tongoop, Arakan with apertural dentition." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710475" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Fig. 10D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="46AD6DB5F1FE5B50DCE9EA0241FBB8DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="6DE31DF0C1CA7B22251F00CECF67B157" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="92118836B769E693DB46178125040720" authorityName="W.T.Blanford" authorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis burmanica" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanica">Streptaxis burmanica</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="0EF72D0F3D475D1F270586D8E4EE0A65" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B8" refString="Blanford, WT, 1865. Contributions to Indian Malacology. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 34: 81, 82." title="Contributions to Indian Malacology. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 34: 81, 82." year="1865">Blanford 1865</bibRefCitation>
: 81, 82. Type locality: Tongoop, Arakan [Toungup, east of Arakan Hills, Thandwe District, Rakhine State, Myanmar].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="3FBFD88CDDF028288B6D4E457B8565DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="ADDAD0DEB4BA64346A2FDA7E997C6A7A" authorityName="Blanford" authorityYear="1864" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Streptaxis" higherTaxonomySource="treatment-meta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Streptaxis burmanicus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanicus">Streptaxis burmanicus</taxonomicName>
[sic] -
<bibRefCitation id="15B68A8EF6C1E641A81DD3EF83F5DC78" author="Pfeiffer, L" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Zoological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B63" refString="Pfeiffer, L, 1868. Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." title="Monographia Heliceorum Viventium (Volume 5). Backhaus FA, Lipsiae, 565." year="1868">Pfeiffer 1868</bibRefCitation>
: 444.
<bibRefCitation id="34CC19231C375189561E3374C29198FE" author="Stoliczka, F" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="143 - 177" refId="B80" refString="Stoliczka, F, 1871. Notes on the terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein, with descriptions of new species. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 40: 143 - 177" title="Notes on the terrestrial Mollusca from the neighbourhood of Moulmein, with descriptions of new species." volume="40" year="1871">Stoliczka 1871</bibRefCitation>
: 163, pl. 7, figs 5-7.
<bibRefCitation id="4BB486A8A2D24BE094B6DDFB5652FCF9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" author="Nevill, G" journalOrPublisher="Indian Museum, Calcutta" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B48" refString="Nevill, G, 1878. Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part I. Gastropoda. Pulmonata and Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia. Indian Museum, Calcutta, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" title="Hand list of Mollusca in the Indian Museum, Calcutta. Part I. Gastropoda. Pulmonata and Prosobranchia-Neurobranchia." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.11957" year="1878">Nevill 1878</bibRefCitation>
: 2.
<bibRefCitation id="CFAB0D13056970FA49E8C74F6114D034" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B10" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen 1908</bibRefCitation>
: 6, fig. 5.
<bibRefCitation id="85FC0E85EA667421AD6B499A09C97EB5" author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 326" refId="B70" refString="Richardson, L, 1988. Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae. Tryonia 16: 1 - 326" title="Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae." volume="16" year="1988">Richardson 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 251.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="350F3D157716CF16EE69D072892D16B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="B19F64A958736D93BDFBF7729FA764B3" baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius burmanicus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanicus">Haploptychius burmanicus</taxonomicName>
-
<bibRefCitation id="E0BFBBB95012009CE0DC173D33A0991D" author="Kobelt, W" journalOrPublisher="Journal of the Society for Bibliography of Natural History" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B37" refString="Kobelt, W, 1905. Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1(12b) (2): 1-211 pls42-71 [pp. 1-96 pls 42-59 (1905) ; 97-211, pls 60-71 (1906)]." title="Die Raublungenschnecken (Agnatha). Zweite Abtheilung: Streptaxidae und Daudebardiidae. Systematisches Conchylien-Cabinet von Martini und Chemnitz 1 (12 b) (2): 1 - 211 pls 42 - 71 [pp. 1 - 96 pls 42 - 59 (1905); 97 - 211, pls 60 - 71 (1906)]." year="1905">Kobelt 1906</bibRefCitation>
: 145: pl. 57, figs 19, 20, pl. 62, figs 1-3.
<bibRefCitation id="1B4B388956ED7E366100960C46365FE9" author="Richardson, L" journalOrPublisher="Tryonia" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 326" refId="B70" refString="Richardson, L, 1988. Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae. Tryonia 16: 1 - 326" title="Streptaxacea: Catalog of species, Part I, Streptaxidae." volume="16" year="1988">Richardson 1988</bibRefCitation>
: 213.
<bibRefCitation id="35EADE7ADCEF927B78C4EAFC7C5175EB" author="Ramakrishna, Mitra SC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 359" refId="B69" refString="Ramakrishna, Mitra SC, Dey, A, 2010. Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs. Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 306: 1 - 359" title="Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs." volume="306" year="2010">Ramakrishna et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
: 190.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C19673BD64CD978BC6858B3ECB4952B3" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="59CDD9B84C4AF8893AE281DAE317276C" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9E9664F1F1F2DBAE4042DB09DE9ABC7D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<emphasis id="2750AD2E7C3444325ABD51E5E5142218" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Possible
<typeStatus id="A4C9EDA787F8E48446466E0E29B862E1">syntype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
NHMUK 1906.2.2.199 (
<specimenCount id="683052BF8831D69BA38E00828611F9FB" type="adult">2 adults</specimenCount>
+
<specimenCount id="7475DCFEB5812D22D7224B4DA3C6D9F1" type="juvenile">1 juvenile</specimenCount>
; Fig.
<figureCitation id="293FB477A959919CD2E2894AA0CDA4C1" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A-C Haploptychius blanfordi A syntype NHMUK 1888.12.4.777 - 779 from Pegu with apertural dentition B specimen NHMUK 1906.2.2.338 from Akouktoung, Pegu C specimen NHMUK 1909.3.15.71 from Pegu D Haploptychius burmanicus, syntype NHMUK 1906.2.2.199 from Tongoop, Arakan with apertural dentition." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710475" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">10D</figureCitation>
) ex. W.T. Blanford collection from Tongoop, Arakan [Taungup, Rakhine State].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="88AA9059B1DC262DB280641BC7EE3AE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="description">
<paragraph id="4F00B7D2BF175A047309BA353F9FCBDE" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="51FFAA9B8DB4E8655D93AD218126A58D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
Shell oblique-heliciform, white, and translucent; whorls 6; spire convex with distinct suture. Shell surface glossy with fine transverse ridges that diminish below periphery. Embryonic shell ~
<normalizedToken id="F86E5B57AB0E7D9B85638030366F8761" originalValue="2½">21/2</normalizedToken>
whorls with smooth surface; following whorls regularly coiled. Shell periphery rounded; last whorl axially deflected. Aperture semi-ovate; peristome continuous; sometimes discontinuous, thin, expanded, and slightly reflected. Apertural dentition with one strong parietal lamella. Umbilicus open and deep (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F71EA322C6565980AA6753FEC3D4780" captionStart="Figure 10" captionStartId="F10" captionText="Figure 10. A-C Haploptychius blanfordi A syntype NHMUK 1888.12.4.777 - 779 from Pegu with apertural dentition B specimen NHMUK 1906.2.2.338 from Akouktoung, Pegu C specimen NHMUK 1909.3.15.71 from Pegu D Haploptychius burmanicus, syntype NHMUK 1906.2.2.199 from Tongoop, Arakan with apertural dentition." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.1110.85399.figure10" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/710475" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">10D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A482765D52FDA2128F59985D8E41E49D" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="DAE9D1A8F67A21C190D79F719F2DC909" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDA6A98D36ACFD9BAA3646BFC7F6F320" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
<taxonomicName id="EA6A6E19D5F0D6DC14EFFA516E0B6FE2" baseAuthorityName="Blanford" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Gastropoda" family="Streptaxidae" genus="Haploptychius" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Haploptychius burmanicus" order="Stylommatophora" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
<emphasis id="BD585718023260E56ABB90DD4A517D90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Haploptychius burmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is still known only from the type locality in southern Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation id="C6C6675F1032734396D3446D559BBDAF" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Malacological Society of London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B8" refString="Blanford, WT, 1865. Contributions to Indian Malacology. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 34: 81, 82." title="Contributions to Indian Malacology. Journal of the Asiatic Society of Bengal 34: 81, 82." year="1865">Blanford 1865</bibRefCitation>
). Outside Myanmar, it is also reported from Mizoram in India (
<bibRefCitation id="1881258220EDEB0C468BFED678993009" author="Ramakrishna, Mitra SC" journalOrPublisher="Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="1 - 359" refId="B69" refString="Ramakrishna, Mitra SC, Dey, A, 2010. Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs. Zoological Survey of India, Occasional Paper 306: 1 - 359" title="Annotated checklist of Indian land molluscs." volume="306" year="2010">Ramakrishna et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
); however, this record needs to be verified.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="78EEEA5E01FA8A404FBBC54DA6117151" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" type="remarks">
<paragraph id="8FC7265409625D800A704A53CAA0A609" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="9DA67E673699DD6A1B27941CCF7FC5B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">
This species highly resembles
<taxonomicName id="45F475005145BD2150DD8D3622BEF8F0" lsidName="H. blanfordi" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="blanfordi">
<emphasis id="B43B11C1B2193D15443DE925D9851324" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H. blanfordi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in shell form, but
<taxonomicName id="D58EBE8B118F3B80845A480E93828392" lsidName="H. burmanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
<emphasis id="F4E6148DE2DAB9431B802BC9BD242C85" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H. burmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is more globosely heliciform, with a higher spire and only one parietal lamella. Without anatomical information, the generic placement of this species is still tentative, and we retain this as
<bibRefCitation id="1725D6843C286CA690D8CE9A57F94C4A" DOI="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" author="Blanford, WT" journalOrPublisher="Taylor and Francis, London" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" refId="B10" refString="Blanford, WT, Godwin-Austen, HH, 1908. The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae. Taylor and Francis, London, DOI: https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" title="The Fauna of British India, Including Ceylon and Burma. Mollusca. Testacellidae and Zonitidae." url="https://doi.org/10.5962/bhl.title.13103" year="1908">Blanford and Godwin-Austen (1908)</bibRefCitation>
. In addition,
<taxonomicName id="EB9467A5A6B9B1D0C5DE1423D7542C84" lsidName="H. perlissus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="perlissus">
<emphasis id="6E40481BFF8EA9A9C15A37F787A47BAA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H. perlissus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<bibRefCitation id="8AF6D02CBBD919179B43C9DEB14F5F2B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" author="Vermeulen, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 41" refId="B95" refString="Vermeulen, JJ, Luu, HT, Theary, K, Anker, K, 2019. New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam). Folia Malacologica 27 (1): 7 - 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" title="New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam)." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" volume="27" year="2019">Vermeulen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
from Vietnam (
<bibRefCitation id="37BC8ED181A0B4B97EDC72E3195D4410" DOI="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" author="Vermeulen, JJ" journalOrPublisher="Folia Malacologica" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" pagination="7 - 41" refId="B95" refString="Vermeulen, JJ, Luu, HT, Theary, K, Anker, K, 2019. New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam). Folia Malacologica 27 (1): 7 - 41, DOI: https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" title="New species of land snails (Mollusca: Gastropoda: Caenogastropoda and Pulmonata) of the Mekong Delta Limestone Hills (Cambodia, Vietnam)." url="https://doi.org/10.12657/folmal.027.001" volume="27" year="2019">Vermeulen et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
: figs 49-51) can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="E1C42E0CEB0E6D9883E5C580C1E577A7" lsidName="H. burmanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
<emphasis id="2E8C1D1718BF964C7F2F6C368B32A6E1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H. burmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by having an oblique-ovate shell, less extended penultimate whorl from the last whorl, lower to nearly flattened spire, the palatal side is almost straight, basal side rounded, and columellar side broadly rounded, whereas
<taxonomicName id="CBC00A892551F952D292EF9033EDDD4B" lsidName="H. burmanicus" pageId="0" pageNumber="39" rank="species" species="burmanicus">
<emphasis id="A58E7989D39F176CB54EB3F103F41D42" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="39">H. burmanicus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a higher spire, more compressed shell, and the last whorl is more axially deflected.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>