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<document id="7250531BA6C27752C60E9609327EB427" ID-CLB-Dataset="31237" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.4" ID-GBIF-Dataset="8efe3297-2365-402f-91af-ef2005961c9f" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1084056" ID-ZooBank="D4E09E65-53AC-48F2-817E-ADE3E560BF85" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1512451257253" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Reyes, Jhoe &amp; Brusa, Francisco" docDate="2017" docId="7D6D87CCFFFEAF6EFF5B9640FB03FC55" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4362.2.4.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4362 (2)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev 1951" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" masterDocId="8154FFB4FFFBAF66FFCC9077FF90FFBA" masterDocTitle="Species of Macrostomum (Macrostomorpha: Macrostomidae) from the coastal region of Lima, Peru, with comments on M. rostratum Papi, 1951" updateTime="1735933929319" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D527B505926F7E9E4A16D5825FC519A8">Species of Macrostomum (Macrostomorpha: Macrostomidae) from the coastal region of Lima, Peru, with comments on M. rostratum Papi, 1951</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="608EBF482393CCDD5334528CC6D7E67A">Reyes, Jhoe</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="8325C1F44A78C449C477C49C0B0F826A">Brusa, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="1BCF33FAA22DABC6EDDEE98CDEFF6E0E">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="E9C4803E07593EC5CCBEFDBCDD350898">2017</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="9AC9F8C05064675807F99823787602E1">2017-12-05</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="506F96C53850A6160DB7292396718FB3" type="volume">
<mods:number id="E172A9C9F29182CD737C2E8A3140F526">4362</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F09AC8F08FE7FBAF72769A06D3456E3D">journal volume</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3B93927CE9379BA74BEC88EA51B83F32" type="CLB-Dataset">31237</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="012F3BA5ACBA91BFE6F4A81E024CBC9D" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.4362.2.4</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7D6D87CCFFFEAF6EFF5B9640FB03FC55" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6026609" ID-GBIF-Taxon="137585013" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6026609" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7D6D87CCFFFEAF6EFF5B9640FB03FC55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7D6D87CCFFFEAF6EFF5B9640FB03FC55" lastPageId="8" pageId="5" scope_family="Macrostomidae" scope_superOrder="Macrostomorpha">
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFEAF63FF5B9640FF67F965" pageId="5" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF5B9640FD2AF9E8" blockId="5.[151,698,1591,1618]" box="[151,698,1591,1618]" pageId="5">
<heading id="AE3381B6FFFEAF63FF5B9640FD2AF9E8" bold="true" box="[151,698,1591,1618]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="5" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFEAF63FF5B9640FD2AF9E8" ID-CoL="3XB8Q" authority="Beklemischev, 1951" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[151,698,1591,1618]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="5" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF5B9640FD2AF9E8" bold="true" box="[151,698,1591,1618]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF5B9640FE50F9EB" bold="true" box="[151,448,1591,1617]" italics="true" pageId="5">Macrostomum quiritium</emphasis>
Beklemischev, 1951
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF529609FF67F965" blockId="5.[151,1437,1662,2011]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF529609FE81F92D" bold="true" box="[158,273,1662,1687]" pageId="5">Localities</emphasis>
. The specimens were found in the sampling sites coded as CR-4 (
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FC389608FB16F92D" box="[1012,1158,1663,1687]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-11.733833">11°44’1.8’’S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FB5D9609FADBF92D" box="[1169,1355,1662,1687]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-76.9721">76°58’19.56’’W</geoCoordinate>
), CR-5 (
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FF6C96D4FED0F901" box="[160,320,1699,1723]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-11.73455">11°44’4.38’’S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FE8796D5FD93F901" box="[331,515,1698,1723]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-76.97237">76°58’20.52’’W</geoCoordinate>
) and CR-6 (
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FD4096D4FCBCF901" box="[652,812,1699,1723]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-11.725249">11°43’30.9’’S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="90F0501DFFFEAF63FCFB96D5FC4AF901" box="[823,986,1698,1723]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="5" precision="1" value="-76.96503">76°57’54.1’’W</geoCoordinate>
)(
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFEAF63FC2696D5FBC0F901" box="[1002,1104,1698,1723]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="1.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[151,1424,1034,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@1.[151,1436,1022,1931]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="FIGURE 1. Sample sites where species of Macrostomum were found. A, M. quiritium and M.tuba in Chillón River (sites 4, 5 and 6). B, M. rostratum in Humedales de Ventanilla (sites 1, 2 and 3)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084058" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084058/files/figure.png" pageId="5">Figure 1</figureCitation>
,
<tableCitation id="B8460361FFFEAF63FB9196D5FB3DF901" box="[1117,1197,1698,1723]" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,239,404,427]" captionText="TABLE 1. Sample sites in Humedales de Ventanilla (HV) and Chillón river (CR)." pageId="5">Table 1</tableCitation>
) in the Chillón River in
<collectingRegion id="3700F838FFFEAF63FF7896B1FF63F965" box="[180,243,1734,1759]" country="Peru" name="Lima" pageId="5">Lima</collectingRegion>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFEAF63FF0B969DFAF5F89D" pageId="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B969DFAF5F89D" blockId="5.[151,1437,1662,2011]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0B969DFDAAF8B9" bold="true" box="[199,570,1770,1795]" pageId="5">Other localities in the world.</emphasis>
The species has a worldwide distribution; it occurs in
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFEAF63FB2B969DFAA4F8B9" box="[1255,1332,1770,1795]" name="Russia" pageId="5">Russia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFEAF63FA8B969DFA08F8B9" box="[1351,1432,1770,1795]" name="Poland" pageId="5">Poland</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFEAF63FF5B9779FE8DF89D" box="[151,285,1806,1831]" name="Switzerland" pageId="5">Switzerland</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FEE79779FD91F89D" author="Scharer" box="[299,513,1806,1831]" pageId="5" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, D. T. J, Waeschenbach, A., Yoshida, W. &amp; Vizoso, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science USA, 108 (4), 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article" year="2011">
Schärer
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FE459778FE2BF89D" box="[393,443,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFEAF63FDF39779FD3EF89D" box="[575,686,1806,1831]" name="Argentina" pageId="5">Argentina</collectingCountry>
(Río de la Plata River and
<collectingRegion id="3700F838FFFEAF63FC139778FBBBF89D" box="[991,1067,1807,1831]" country="Brazil" name="Parana" pageId="5">Paraná</collectingRegion>
River) (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFEAF63FB449779FAC9F89D" author="Adami" box="[1160,1369,1806,1831]" pageId="5" refString="Adami, M. L., Brusa, F., Ronderos, J. R. &amp; Damborenea, C. (2016) Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomorpha). Journal of Morphology, 278 (2), 264 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20633" type="journal article" year="2016">
Adami
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FB119778FA9EF89D" box="[1245,1294,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="5">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFEAF63FF0B9745FE63F8D5" pageId="5" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF63FF0B9745FE63F8D5" blockId="5.[151,1437,1662,2011]" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0B9745FE08F8F1" bold="true" box="[199,408,1842,1867]" pageId="5">Studied material.</emphasis>
Ten specimens observed alive (squash method) and 20 specimens (MUSM 3414–3433) fixed in polyvinyl-lactophenol.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFEAF61FF0B970DFD5DF802" lastPageId="7" pageId="5" type="description">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFEAF60FF0B970DFB71FF42" blockId="5.[151,1437,1662,2011]" lastBlockId="6.[151,1437,151,248]" lastPageId="6" pageId="5">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFEAF63FF0B970DFEC1F829" bold="true" box="[199,337,1914,1939]" pageId="5">Description</emphasis>
. Adult specimens are whitish in reflected light. The body is
<quantity id="323C9B3FFFFEAF63FBDF970CFB0CF828" box="[1043,1180,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4" metricValueMax="1.9" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="1.4" valueMax="1.9" valueMin="0.9">0.9–1.9 mm</quantity>
long and
<quantity id="323C9B3FFFFEAF63FADF970CFA0DF828" box="[1299,1437,1915,1939]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.5" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="3.0" pageId="5" unit="mm" value="0.35" valueMax="0.4" valueMin="0.3">0.3–0.4 mm</quantity>
wide. The whole body is covered by cilia. Large amounts of homogeneously distributed rhabdites are observed on the surface of the body. The anterior region of the body has a rounded shape, while the posterior region has the shape of a rounded spatula. The mouth is just behind the kidney–shaped eyes, with many cilia in its outline. The simplex pharynx has sac-shaped pharyngeal glands that are arranged beside and behind the pharynx. The intestine occupies 3/4 of the total length of the body and extends almost to the posterior region of the body.
</paragraph>
<caption id="A1BB6652FFFDAF60FF5B97ECFD6AF855" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="6" targetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" targetPageId="6">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFDAF60FF5B97ECFD6AF855" blockId="6.[151,1436,1947,2031]" pageId="6">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFDAF60FF5B97ECFE86F80A" bold="true" box="[151,278,1947,1969]" pageId="6">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
Photographs of a live specimen of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFDAF60FD5897EBFBFAF80B" authority="Beklemischev, 1951" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[660,1130,1947,1969]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="6" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFDAF60FD5897EBFC1CF80B" box="[660,908,1948,1969]" italics="true" pageId="6">Macrostomum quiritium</emphasis>
Beklemischev, 1951
</taxonomicName>
. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A1BB6652FFFCAF61FF5B94ADFDE6FAB5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084066" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084066/files/figure.png" pageId="7" targetBox="[430,1155,193,1221]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFCAF61FF5B94ADFDE6FAB5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1242,1295]" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FF5B94ADFE82FB4A" bold="true" box="[151,274,1242,1264]" pageId="7">FIGURE 5.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFCAF61FED494ACFDCBFB4A" authority="Graff, 1882" authorityName="Graff" authorityYear="1882" box="[280,603,1242,1264]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="tuba">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FED494ACFE4DFB4A" box="[280,477,1242,1264]" italics="true" pageId="7">Macrostomum tuba</emphasis>
Graff, 1882
</taxonomicName>
. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs; C, Detail of the penis stylet.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFCAF61FF0B954CFB27F95A" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2013]" pageId="7">
Male reproductive system: Two oval–shaped testes arranged at the sides of the body, behind the beginning of the intestine and anterior to the ovaries (
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFCAF61FD929528FD47FAC2" box="[606,727,1375,1400]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
). The copulatory apparatus is located posterior to the intestine, and has a false thin–walled seminal vesicle, which stores the spermatozoa. It is continued through a thin intervesicular duct with the seminal vesicle, which has thick muscular walls and is smaller than the false seminal vesicle (
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFCAF61FF3F95BCFE1AFA5E" box="[243,394,1483,1508]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 4B–C</figureCitation>
). The prostatic vesicle is larger than the seminal vesicle and communicates with it through its proximal end. Within the prostatic vesicle, granulations are observed. These are grouped in small and long sacs that distally enter the stylet. The stylet is tubular with a slight curvature. The length of the stylet is 144.9 µm (99.6– 181.9 µm;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FED8964EFEB2F9EA" box="[276,290,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7">n</emphasis>
= 20;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FEA39640FE18F9EA" box="[367,392,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7">sd</emphasis>
= 21). The proximal base of the stylet is 25.7 µm wide (15.1–34 µm;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FB67964EFB29F9EA" box="[1195,1209,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7">n</emphasis>
= 20;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FAC99640FA8EF9EA" box="[1285,1310,1591,1616]" italics="true" pageId="7">sd</emphasis>
= 5.6) and narrows towards the distal opening, which is 5.4 µm wide (3.9–6.5 µm;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FC71962AFC5BF9CE" box="[957,971,1629,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7">n</emphasis>
= 20;
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FBDF962CFBBCF9CE" box="[1043,1068,1627,1652]" italics="true" pageId="7">sd</emphasis>
= 0.7) (
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFCAF61FB48962CFA8BF9CE" box="[1156,1307,1627,1652]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 4C–E</figureCitation>
). The distal tip of the stylet presents a slight curvature, without lobulation or expansion, but the walls of the stylet in the distal region terminate in a very slight slope (
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFCAF61FD9096D4FD65F906" box="[604,757,1699,1724]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 4D–E</figureCitation>
). The stylet protrudes through the male gonopore, which is covered with cilia and is located in the posterior part of the body, behind the female gonopore.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFCAF61FF0B969CFD5DF802" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2013]" pageId="7">
Female reproductive system: The ovaries are approximately located at the mid-part of the body and are arranged lateroventrally to the intestine. The female genital atrium is located anterior to the false seminal vesicle of the male reproductive system and ventral to the intestine. The atrium is lined with abundant cells corresponding to the cellular valve (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFFCAF61FEB09720FDEBF8CA" author="Ladurner" box="[380,635,1879,1904]" pageId="7" refString="Ladurner, P., Scharer, L., Salvenmoser, W. &amp; Rieger, R. M. (2005) A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43 (2), 114 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2005.00299. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Ladurner
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FE3F972EFDBCF8CA" box="[499,556,1879,1904]" italics="true" pageId="7">et al</emphasis>
. 2005
</bibRefCitation>
) and in some cases, spermatozoa were observed anchored to this epithelium. The atrium communicates immediately with the female gonopore. In some adult specimens, egg formation was observed in the atrium (
<figureCitation id="6DFF2A5FFFFCAF61FD8597E8FD51F802" box="[585,705,1951,1976]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1947,1969]" captionTargetBox="[236,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[226,1360,301,1926]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 4. Photographs of a live specimen of Macrostomum quiritium Beklemischev, 1951. A, Dorsal view of a mature specimen; B–C, Posterior body region with details of the copulatory organs observed in dark and normal field; D–E, Photograph and schematic reconstruction of the penis stylet." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.1084064" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1084064/files/figure.png" pageId="7">Figure 4A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BDDE6551FFFCAF6EFF0B97B3FB03FC55" lastPageId="8" pageId="7" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFFCAF6EFF0B97B3FB57FD87" blockId="7.[151,1437,1339,2013]" lastBlockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" lastPageId="8" pageId="7">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FF0B97B3FEABF867" bold="true" box="[199,315,1988,2013]" pageId="7">Remarks.</emphasis>
The specimens described here represent the first record of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFFCAF61FC1D97B2FBCEF866" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[977,1118,1989,2012]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="7" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFFCAF61FC1D97B2FBCEF866" box="[977,1118,1989,2012]" italics="true" pageId="7">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
for
<collectingCountry id="8DD3764AFFFCAF61FB4197B2FB53F866" box="[1165,1219,1989,2012]" name="Peru" pageId="7">Peru</collectingCountry>
, and the second for the Neotropical Region.
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFE7D90EEFDD0FF0A" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[433,576,153,176]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFE7D90EEFDD0FF0A" box="[433,576,153,176]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a tubular- or “J”-shaped penis stylet (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFBEA90E0FB6EFF0A" author="Beklemishev" box="[1062,1278,151,176]" pageId="8" refString="Beklemishev, V. (1951) O vidach roda Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Rhabdocolla) SSSR. Zeitschrift der Moskauer Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 56, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1951">Beklemishev 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFAC090E0FF43FF6F" author="Adami" pageId="8" refString="Adami, M. L., Brusa, F., Ronderos, J. R. &amp; Damborenea, C. (2016) Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomorpha). Journal of Morphology, 278 (2), 264 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20633" type="journal article" year="2016">
Adami
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAAE90EEFA05FF0A" box="[1378,1429,151,176]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
), which resembles 16 species of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFD9890CAFD65FF6E" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1848" box="[596,757,189,212]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFD9890CAFD65FF6E" box="[596,757,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">Macrostomum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFCC490CAFB1EFF6F" authority="Beklemischev, 1950" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1950" box="[776,1166,188,213]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amurense">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCC490CAFC0CFF6E" box="[776,924,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. amurense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFC6A90CBFB1EFF6F" author="Beklemischev" box="[934,1166,188,213]" pageId="8" refString="Beklemischev, V. N. (1950) O presnovodnykh Turbellaria Rhabdocoela Dal'nego Vostaka. Zeitschrift der Moskauer Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 55, 25 - 28." type="journal article" year="1950">Beklemischev, 1950</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB5190CAFAE0FF6F" authority="Papi, 1959" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1959" box="[1181,1392,188,213]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="axi">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB5190CAFB77FF6E" box="[1181,1255,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. axi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFB3E90CBFAE0FF6F" author="Papi" box="[1266,1392,188,213]" pageId="8" refString="Papi, F. (1959) Specie nuove o poco note del gen. Macrostomum (Turbellaria: Macrostomida) rinvenute in Italia. Monitore Zoologico Italiano, 66, 1 - 19." type="journal article" year="1959">Papi, 1959</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAB190CAFE02FF42" authority="Luther, 1947" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAB190CAFF69FF42" italics="true" pageId="8">M. balticum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFECC90A8FE02FF42" author="Luther" box="[256,402,223,248]" pageId="8" refString="Luther, A. (1947) Untersuchungen an rhabdocoelen Turbellarien VI. Macrostomiden aus Finnland. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 49, 1 - 38" type="journal article" year="1947">Luther, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFE519096FCD1FF42" authority="Kepner &amp; Stiff, 1932" authorityName="Kepner &amp; Stiff" authorityYear="1932" box="[413,833,223,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bulbostylum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFE519096FDDBFF42" box="[413,587,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. bulbostylum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFD9E9097FCD1FF42" author="Kepner" box="[594,833,223,248]" pageId="8" refString="Kepner, W. A. &amp; Stiff, M. W. (1932) Observations upon the American representative of Macrostomum tuba. Journal of Morphology, 54 (1), 221 - 230. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 1050540107" type="journal article" year="1932">Kepner &amp; Stiff, 1932</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFC809096FBEBFF42" authority="Young, 1976" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[844,1147,223,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="christinae">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFC809096FC72FF42" box="[844,994,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. christinae</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFC249097FBEBFF42" author="Young" box="[1000,1147,223,248]" pageId="8" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB499096FAE3FF42" authority="Young, 1976" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[1157,1395,223,248]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="coxi">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB499096FB4AFF42" box="[1157,1242,225,248]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. coxi</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFB2C9097FAE3FF42" author="Young" box="[1248,1395,223,248]" pageId="8" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAB19096FE0FFEA6" authority="Luther, 1947" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="curvituba">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAB19096FE93FEA7" italics="true" pageId="8">M. curvituba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFEC79173FE0FFEA6" author="Luther" box="[267,415,260,285]" pageId="8" refString="Luther, A. (1947) Untersuchungen an rhabdocoelen Turbellarien VI. Macrostomiden aus Finnland. Acta Zoologica Fennica, 49, 1 - 38" type="journal article" year="1947">Luther, 1947</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFE609172FCF1FEA7" authority="Wang &amp; Sun, 2015" authorityName="Wang &amp; Sun" authorityYear="2015" box="[428,865,260,285]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFE609172FDE9FEA7" box="[428,633,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFD4F9172FCF1FEA7" author="Wang" box="[643,865,260,285]" pageId="8" refString="Sun, T., Zhang, L., Wang, A. - T. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2015) Three new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4012 (1), 120 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.1.6" type="journal article" year="2015">Wang &amp; Sun, 2015</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFCA29172FB3DFEA7" authority="Young, 1976" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[878,1197,260,285]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="georgeense">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCA29172FB83FEA6" box="[878,1043,261,284]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. georgeense</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFBD09172FB3DFEA7" author="Young" box="[1052,1197,260,285]" pageId="8" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young, 1976</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB719172FE94FEFA" authority="Ax, 1956" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="longistylifernum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB719172FA0BFEA7" box="[1213,1435,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. longistylifernum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFF5B915FFE94FEFA" author="Ax" box="[151,260,295,320]" pageId="8" refString="Ax, P. (1956) Les turbellaries des etangs cotiers du littoral mediterraneen de la France meridionale. Vie et Milieu, Suppl. 5, 1 - 125" type="journal article" year="1956">Ax, 1956</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFEDF915EFD01FEFA" authority="Ladurner et al., 2005" authorityName="Ladurner et al." authorityYear="2005" box="[275,657,295,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lignano">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEDF915EFE01FEFA" box="[275,401,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. lignano</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFE569150FD01FEFA" author="Ladurner" box="[410,657,295,320]" pageId="8" refString="Ladurner, P., Scharer, L., Salvenmoser, W. &amp; Rieger, R. M. (2005) A new model organism among the lower Bilateria and the use of digital microscopy in taxonomy of meiobenthic Platyhelminthes: Macrostomum lignano, n. sp. (Rhabditophora, Macrostomorpha). Journal of Zoological Systematics and Evolutionary Research, 43 (2), 114 - 126. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1439 - 0469.2005.00299. x" type="journal article" year="2005">
Ladurner
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFDC6915EFDAEFEFA" box="[522,574,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
., 2005
</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFD53915EFC66FEFA" authority="Ax, 1994" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1994" box="[671,1014,295,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magnacurvituba">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFD53915EFCEEFEFA" box="[671,894,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. magnacurvituba</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFC44915FFC66FEFA" author="Ax" box="[904,1014,296,320]" pageId="8" refString="Ax, P. (1994) Macrostomum magnacurvituba n. sp. (Macrostomida, Plathelminthes) replaces Macrostomum curvituba in coastal waters of Greenland and Iceland. Microfauna Marina, 9, 335 - 338." type="journal article" year="1994">Ax, 1994</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFBC8915EFA9DFEFA" authority="Ball, 1977" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1977" box="[1028,1293,295,320]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parmum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFBC8915EFB19FEFA" box="[1028,1161,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. parmum</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFB5F9150FA9DFEFA" author="Ball" box="[1171,1293,295,320]" pageId="8" refString="Ball, I. R. (1977) Turbellaria. Musee Royal de L' Afrique Centrale. Tervuren, Belgique Annales - Serie, 8, 492 - 511." type="journal article" year="1977">Ball, 1977</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAD7915EFEB0FEDF" authority="Wang, 2005" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2005" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAD7915EFA0CFEFA" box="[1307,1436,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. sinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFF5B913AFEB0FEDF" author="Wang" box="[151,288,332,357]" pageId="8" refString="Wang, A. - T. (2005) Three new species of the genus Macrostomum from China (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida, Macrostomidae). Acta Zootaxonomica Sinica, 30, 714 - 720." type="journal article" year="2005">Wang, 2005</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEE6913AFED1FEDE" box="[298,321,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8">M</emphasis>
. spec 1
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFE50913BFD96FEDE" author="Ax" box="[412,518,332,356]" pageId="8" refString="Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewassern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie Der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1, 1 - 696." type="journal article" year="2008">Ax, 2008</bibRefCitation>
, and
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFD8C913AFDC7FEDE" box="[576,599,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8">M</emphasis>
. spec 2
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFD7E913BFC8EFEDE" author="Ax" box="[690,798,332,356]" pageId="8" refString="Ax, P. (2008) Plathelminthes aus Brackgewassern der Nordhalbkugel. Akademie Der Wissenschaften und der Literatur, 1, 1 - 696." type="journal article" year="2008">Ax, 2008</bibRefCitation>
). Among them, five species, namely
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB76913AFA90FEDE" authorityName="Papi" authorityYear="1959" box="[1210,1280,333,356]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="axi">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB76913AFA90FEDE" box="[1210,1280,333,356]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. axi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAC2913AFA05FEDF" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" box="[1294,1429,332,357]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="balticum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAC2913AFA05FEDF" box="[1294,1429,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. balticum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFF5B9106FE88FE32" authorityName="Wang" authorityYear="2005" box="[151,280,369,392]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="sinensis">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFF5B9106FE88FE32" box="[151,280,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. sinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEE69106FED1FE32" box="[298,321,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8">M</emphasis>
. spec 1 and
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFE159106FE60FE32" box="[473,496,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="8">M</emphasis>
. spec 2, have the distal part of the stylet ended in a sharp point. In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAB19106FF6FFE16" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAB19106FF6FFE16" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has the stylet with its distal region terminating in a very slight slope. The stylet of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB7291E2FAFEFE17" authorityName="Kepner &amp; Stiff" authorityYear="1932" box="[1214,1390,404,429]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="bulbostylum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB7291E2FAFEFE17" box="[1214,1390,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. bulbostylum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAB191E2FE97FE6A" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="christinae">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAB191E2FE97FE6A" italics="true" pageId="8">M. christinae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFED991CEFEFAFE6A" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[277,362,441,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="coxi">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFED991CEFEFAFE6A" box="[277,362,441,464]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. coxi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFEB591CEFD9BFE6A" authorityName="Luther" authorityYear="1947" box="[377,523,439,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="curvituba">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEB591CEFD9BFE6A" box="[377,523,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. curvituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFDD591CEFD67FE6A" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1956" box="[537,759,439,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="longistylifernum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFDD591CEFD67FE6A" box="[537,759,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. longistylifernum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFCCA91CEFC11FE6A" box="[774,897,439,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="lignano">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCCA91CEFC11FE6A" box="[774,897,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. lignano</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFC0D91CEFB0FFE6A" authorityName="Ax" authorityYear="1994" box="[961,1183,439,464]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="magnacurvituba">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFC0D91CEFB0FFE6A" box="[961,1183,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. magnacurvituba</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has notably thickened walls at its distal end, which is not observed in the distal part of the stylet of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFBD791AAFB3AFE4E" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[1051,1194,477,500]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFBD791AAFB3AFE4E" box="[1051,1194,477,500]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
found at the Chillón River. As for
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFEF79276FE40FDA2" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1950" box="[315,464,513,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="amurense">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEF79276FE40FDA2" box="[315,464,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. amurense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFE2E9276FD19FDA2" authorityName="Young" authorityYear="1976" box="[482,649,513,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="georgeense">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFE2E9276FD19FDA2" box="[482,649,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. georgeense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFD0B9276FCDEFDA2" authorityName="Ball" authorityYear="1977" box="[711,846,513,536]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="parmum">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFD0B9276FCDEFDA2" box="[711,846,513,536]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. parmum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the penis stylet is clearly bent; in contrast, in
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAB19276FF6FFD86" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAB19276FF6FFD86" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, the distal part of the penis stylet is slightly bent (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFCE19253FC2BFD87" author="Young" box="[813,955,548,573]" pageId="8" refString="Young, J. O. (1976) Systematic studies on limnic Macrostomum species (Turbellaria, Macrostomida) from east Africa. Zoologica Scripta, 5, 49 - 60. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1463 - 6409.1976. tb 00681. x" type="journal article" year="1976">Young 1976</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFC0A9253FB91FD86" author="Young" box="[966,1025,548,572]" pageId="8" refString="Young, J. O. (2001) Keys to the freshwater microturbellarians of Britain and Ireland: With notes on the their ecology. Freshwater Biological Association, Ambleside UK, 142 pp." type="book" year="2001">2001</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFBC09253FB2BFD87" author="Sun" box="[1036,1211,548,573]" pageId="8" refString="Sun, T., Zhang, L., Wang, A. - T. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2015) Three new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4012 (1), 120 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.1.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Sun
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFBF39252FBE0FD87" box="[1087,1136,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF3AF6EFF0B9230FABEFD76" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="8">
The internal morphology, i.e., the penis stylet, of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFCCA923EFC45FDDA" authorityName="Wang &amp; Sun" authorityYear="2015" box="[774,981,583,608]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCCA923EFC45FDDA" box="[774,981,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to that of
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFAC8923EFA04FDDA" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[1284,1428,585,608]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFAC8923EFA04FDDA" box="[1284,1428,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFEC7921AFE4CFD3F" authorityName="Wang &amp; Sun" authorityYear="2015" box="[267,476,620,645]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="dongyuanensis">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFEC7921AFE4CFD3F" box="[267,476,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. dongyuanensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a “U”-shaped prostate vesicle (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFC5F921BFBC5FD3F" author="Sun" box="[915,1109,620,645]" pageId="8" refString="Sun, T., Zhang, L., Wang, A. - T. &amp; Zhang, Y. (2015) Three new species of freshwater Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomida) from southern China. Zootaxa, 4012 (1), 120 - 134. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.11646 / zootaxa. 4012.1.6" type="journal article" year="2015">
Sun
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFC01921AFB95FD3F" box="[973,1029,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2015
</bibRefCitation>
), while
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB77921AFADFFD3E" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[1211,1359,621,644]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB77921AFADFFD3E" box="[1211,1359,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a sacciform prostate vesicle (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFE0092F8FD34FD12" author="Beklemishev" box="[460,676,655,680]" pageId="8" refString="Beklemishev, V. (1951) O vidach roda Macrostomum (Turbellaria, Rhabdocolla) SSSR. Zeitschrift der Moskauer Naturwissenschaftlichen Gesellschaft, 56, 31 - 40." type="journal article" year="1951">Beklemishev 1951</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFD7D92F8FC14FD12" author="Adami" box="[689,900,655,680]" pageId="8" refString="Adami, M. L., Brusa, F., Ronderos, J. R. &amp; Damborenea, C. (2016) Muscular pattern in three species of Macrostomum (Platyhelminthes, Macrostomorpha). Journal of Morphology, 278 (2), 264 - 282. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1002 / jmor. 20633" type="journal article" year="2016">
Adami
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCC992E6FCA8FD12" box="[773,824,655,680]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2016
</bibRefCitation>
). Moreover, the shape of the stylet and the fact that the female atrium is lined with a cellular valve suggest reciprocal insemination (
<bibRefCitation id="91554B2BFFF3AF6EFB8592C3FAB2FD76" author="Scharer" box="[1097,1314,692,717]" pageId="8" refString="Scharer, L., Littlewood, D. T. J, Waeschenbach, A., Yoshida, W. &amp; Vizoso, D. B. (2011) Mating behavior and the evolution of sperm design. Proceedings of the Natural Academy of Science USA, 108 (4), 1490 - 1495. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 1013892108" type="journal article" year="2011">
Schärer
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB6B92C2FB48FD77" box="[1191,1240,692,717]" italics="true" pageId="8">et al</emphasis>
. 2011
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF3AF6EFF0B92AEFE93FC82" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,824]" pageId="8">
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFF0B92AEFEC5FD4A" authorityName="Beklemischev" authorityYear="1951" box="[199,341,729,752]" class="Rhabditophora" family="Macrostomidae" genus="Macrostomum" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="8" phylum="Platyhelminthes" rank="species" species="quiritium">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFF0B92AEFEC5FD4A" box="[199,341,729,752]" italics="true" pageId="8">M. quiritium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was found associated with algae such as
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFCE092AFFC0BFD55" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1820" box="[812,923,728,751]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Zygnemataceae" genus="Spirogyra" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zygnematales" pageId="8" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFCE092AFFC0BFD55" box="[812,923,728,751]" italics="true" pageId="8">Spirogyra</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFC1E92A0FBFBFD4A" authorityName="Roth" authorityYear="1797" box="[978,1131,727,752]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Hydrodictyaceae" genus="Hydrodictyon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sphaeropleales" pageId="8" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFC1E92A0FBFBFD4A" box="[978,1131,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8">Hydrodictyon</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp.,
<taxonomicName id="32C44D59FFF3AF6EFB6D92A0FAD3FD4A" authorityName="Link" authorityYear="1820" box="[1185,1347,727,752]" class="Chlorophyceae" family="Ulvaceae" genus="Enteromorpha" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ulvales" pageId="8" phylum="Chlorophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFB6D92A0FAD3FD4A" box="[1185,1347,727,752]" italics="true" pageId="8">Enteromorpha</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. and
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFF5B928BFE8EFCAF" box="[151,286,764,789]" italics="true" pageId="8">Cladophora</emphasis>
sp. The average water temperature was 24.3 °C, the pH was 8.34 and the conductivity was 0.85 mS/cm (
<tableCitation id="B8460361FFF3AF6EFF529368FF66FC82" box="[158,246,799,824]" captionStart="TABLE 2" captionStartId="8.[151,239,872,895]" captionText="TABLE 2. Average values of the physicochemical parameters and characteristics of the sample sites in Humedales de Ventanilla (HV) and Chillón river (CR)." pageId="8">Table 2</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A1BB6652FFF3AF6EFF5B931FFDD2FC25" pageId="8">
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF3AF6EFF5B931FFDD2FC25" blockId="8.[151,1436,872,927]" pageId="8">
<emphasis id="C7B0EAC8FFF3AF6EFF5B931FFE9BFCC5" bold="true" box="[151,267,872,895]" pageId="8">TABLE 2.</emphasis>
Average values of the physicochemical parameters and characteristics of the sample sites in Humedales de Ventanilla (HV) and Chillón river (CR).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F57B36DAFFF3AF6EFF6E93CDFB03FC55" blockId="8.[162,1384,954,1007]" pageId="8">
Sites Conductivity pH Temperature
<typeStatus id="2A7F8878FFF3AF6EFD5293CCFD40FC6A" box="[670,720,955,976]" pageId="8">Type</typeStatus>
of
<typeStatus id="2A7F8878FFF3AF6EFCE293CCFCF0FC6A" box="[814,864,955,976]" pageId="8">Type</typeStatus>
of vegetation Other invertebrates in the (mS/cm) (C°) bottom sites
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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