120 lines
16 KiB
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120 lines
16 KiB
XML
<document id="698041FF37B152D5056CDB8BAAAFD027" ID-CLB-Dataset="34541" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8575" ID-GBIF-Dataset="938b58e2-c946-4dbb-8f10-d569f5165af0" ID-PMC="PMC4304031" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-472-77" ID-PubMed="25632250" ID-ZooBank="9B737D7BBDA24049B562A68052317B02" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-472-77" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 472" ModsDocTitle="New genera, species and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae) from sub-Saharan Africa" checkinTime="1451244832014" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Massa, Bruno" docDate="2015" docId="7A508529FA040E1B99F10D67F0689D80" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 472: 77-102" docOrigin="ZooKeys 472" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8575" docTitle="Symmetropleura Brunner von Wattenwyl 1878" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="80" masterDocId="FF96FFBEFFADCB039F79AC441B1DFF5D" masterDocTitle="New genera, species and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae) from sub-Saharan Africa" masterLastPageNumber="102" masterPageNumber="77" pageNumber="79" updateTime="1701378394884" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="8523E76EF466731EB5777545F07E076B">New genera, species and records of Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera, Phaneropteridae) from sub-Saharan Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="7BA5F9F3403A84A12D539AA66AA7189F" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="9DAFD042A183637B169083C878E69131">Massa, Bruno</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="87B81EB32AABAD6936BBF1F937157A93">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="88A68E291C799CCFE3AA4C7BFA65F740">ZooKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9BA35FC10776FCC98764CA7B8E58DC9D">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="CCBE04E6894CAA64CE3C23433A301E5A">472</mods:number>
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<mods:url id="68E90BF6CB3352E6B40B3122F137947A">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8575</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="9961A1862A26648BF469CB76314BDA61">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="3A6AD3D8204D8677C5C04685EA49D1F7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.472.8575</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="7A508529FA040E1B99F10D67F0689D80" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152057766" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:7A508529FA040E1B99F10D67F0689D80" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/7A508529FA040E1B99F10D67F0689D80" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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<subSubSection id="AD1E3D90471553CCD585EDCDFA0F0188" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="572FF89D13FE82064DB8DC1E2AC1B09C" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Taxon classification Animalia Orthoptera Phaneropteridae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="19D07616E5892C9FE03D5DF6F0510B0B" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="92FDB19993F1BA21C44262802525E867" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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Genus
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<taxonomicName id="D56E9980BE11DCEB551BF2013F5BE526" ID-CoL="8PRCX" authority="Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878" authorityName="Brunner von Wattenwyl" authorityYear="1878" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Symmetropleura Brunner von Wattenwyl, 1878</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="2060B46B4310A2A12DA4B22AB6BACA71" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="4C29F0529F869E1F034ADBC11572D46F" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="ABC2F52D666D7FF73FA3CBF17C835137" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="80" pageId="2" pageNumber="79">
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When
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<bibRefCitation id="9D33DF3312158D0349EEBCBA0C2FEA47" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C" journalOrPublisher="Vienna" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" title="Monographie der Phaneropteriden" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37136" year="1878">Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878)</bibRefCitation>
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described the genus
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<taxonomicName id="62428606A5FA2F51A9C9BD9593D7742F" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken id="D425A6911B346BE28B7994D7FCC0B938" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" start="start">Symmetropleura</pageBreakToken>
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</taxonomicName>
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(from Latin: symmetro = symmetric, equal; pleura = side), he placed it in the American group of
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<taxonomicName id="29C825DDE6255B8D1E75F455D94B8D70" above-genus="Scudderiae" genus="Scudderiae" lsidName="Scudderiae" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="above-genus">Scudderiae</taxonomicName>
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. According to
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<bibRefCitation id="FB720D329B272EC1E6FD3B1E55D33FC4" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C" journalOrPublisher="Vienna" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" title="Monographie der Phaneropteriden" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37136" year="1878">Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878)</bibRefCitation>
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characters of the genus are the following: fastigium of vertex triangular and sulcate; pronotum disc flat, with lateral excisions, anterior margin straight, and rounded posterior margin; tegmina wide with rounded hind margin or narrow with straight hind margin; fore and mid femora with ventral inner spines, hind femora with double row of ventral spines. Fore and mid tibiae dorsally unarmed or with some spinules; cerci long, in-curved and pointed; male sub-genital plate short with rounded posterior margin or (in
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<taxonomicName id="FDCBC5F5919FEFA7570FAB3CFB907169" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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) long with triangular apex; styli absent; ovipositor longer than pronotum, not much curved, sharp, with upper and lower apices serrate (differently shaped in
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<taxonomicName id="375A8708488B3D391B99067280779A73" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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: see below); female sub-genital plate triangular, just concave. In the description
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<bibRefCitation id="CDD2E7D9A17FDDC3FFB9694001B02FB9" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C" journalOrPublisher="Vienna" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" title="Monographie der Phaneropteriden" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37136" year="1878">Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878)</bibRefCitation>
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referred mainly to
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<taxonomicName id="C754F539189B7CC4C9740BF95AC6353B" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura laevicauda" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicauda">Symmetropleura laevicauda</taxonomicName>
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, both within the text and in the figure 73; thus, by subsequent designation,
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<bibRefCitation id="47154D143516DB4AF4934A46827FA935" author="Kirby, WF" journalOrPublisher="The Trustees of the British Museum, London" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" title="A synonymic catalogue of Orthoptera. Vol. II. Orthoptera Saltatoria. Part I. (Achetidae et Phasgonuridae)." year="1906">Kirby (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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established
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<taxonomicName id="D7E076733B1ED4A6A4BE150A8B0AA5B8" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura laevicauda" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicauda">Symmetropleura laevicauda</taxonomicName>
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as the type-species of the genus. The description of the female of
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<taxonomicName id="2260D8E419111B407C20916D8041AD16" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura laevicauda" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="laevicauda">Symmetropleura laevicauda</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="35EF5155102F30DC3A6B862FC7D41F32" author="Brunner von Wattenwyl, C" journalOrPublisher="Vienna" pageId="13" pageNumber="90" title="Monographie der Phaneropteriden" url="http://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/item/37136" year="1878">Brunner von Wattenwyl (1878)</bibRefCitation>
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from Bahia (Brasil) is as follows (translated from Latin): small (28 mm), tegmina width about two times the length of pronotum, anterior margin basally pale with a darker outer area, posterior margin rounded. Radius forked before Media, ovipositor little up-curved, acuminate.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="9945EB28070C3CCA81CE0ED0119651CD" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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<bibRefCitation id="1BA16007A9ACEB5B67B2DBE7BA6CC129" author="Ragge, DR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" pagination="73 - 108" title="An index-catalogue of African Phaneropterinae (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)." volume="22" year="1968 b">Ragge (1968b</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="30915BB25690E8E6C6BCD5B88AB93DF9" author="Ragge, DR" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="14" pageNumber="91" pagination="1 - 192" title="A review of the African Phaneropterinae with open tympana (Orthoptera: Tettigoniidae)." url="http://www.archive.org/details/bulletinofbritis40entolond" volume="40" year="1980">1980</bibRefCitation>
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) pointed out that
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<taxonomicName id="54FDA5394614F948502796AF872D7203" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Symmetropleura</taxonomicName>
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is a New World genus, occurring in South America, Mexico and eastern USA, and that the two African species are not very similar either to each other or to the Neotropical type-species of the genus. He observed also that the name
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<taxonomicName id="A2978ABFD00FA7582ECA7AE579B09FFF" class="Bivalvia" family="Iridinidae" genus="Cameronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cameronia" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cameronia</taxonomicName>
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Karsch, 1888 was available for
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<taxonomicName id="B49C347C9E6ED537955159D3F7FD5E9C" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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. However, the genus
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<taxonomicName id="DD2D90BC370322C032EB701F05E6D250" class="Bivalvia" family="Iridinidae" genus="Cameronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cameronia" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Cameronia</taxonomicName>
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should be considered a junior homonym, because was pre-occupied since 1879, when
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<taxonomicName id="D0FE9C263FA541027657C8C2F4661C44" class="Bivalvia" family="Iridinidae" genus="Cameronia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cameronia spekii" order="Unionida" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="species" species="spekii">Cameronia spekii</taxonomicName>
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Bourguignat (
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<taxonomicName id="A26D4B3B9D676E4585198CF639EB14EA" lsidName="Scudderiae" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Mollusca" rank="phylum">Mollusca</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicName id="61415726CC005E0544DD939FF828A1F8" class="Bivalvia" lsidName="Scudderiae" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" rank="class">Bivalvia</taxonomicName>
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) was described from Lake Tanganyika (R. Poggi, pers. comm.)1.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="03407B97B0AF3E5AFF9F4C005096CD24" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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There are three African species so far included in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="C0F35EB56D0D8321D9E2E83B4F1E7D12" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Symmetropleura</taxonomicName>
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: one of them is
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<taxonomicName id="CA58C3507E58E390C581A7B530D3C98E" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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, others are
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<taxonomicName id="79756D6174AFB8BD0261FF45D147CF5C" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura dirempta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dirempta">Symmetropleura dirempta</taxonomicName>
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Karsch, 1889, that occurs in Madagascar, treated below, and
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<taxonomicName id="D3B119BFFEA43BB1557754EDD060893A" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura plana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="plana">Symmetropleura plana</taxonomicName>
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(Walker, 1869), that occurs in South Africa. Concerning the latter, some photographs, kindly taken by C. Hemp, show that the pronotum is not keeled and the male sub-genital plate has a very different shape from that of
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<taxonomicName id="940B270949C178AA9AD02675E0109FE6" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="203FCFBF811A8BB6C03B0E2A75AF7D29" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura dirempta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dirempta">Symmetropleura dirempta</taxonomicName>
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; it is very probable that it belongs to another undescribed genus, but specimens were not available to establish this.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="B046E032B20F12088D4BDF050A288950" pageId="3" pageNumber="80">
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For the reasons reported above and below, two new genera are described for
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<taxonomicName id="7BE537DA33A94095BDD1396C137A55C7" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura africana" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="africana">Symmetropleura africana</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="74E3F2BDE21F0312C2AA5BB60E7F2E21" class="Insecta" family="Tettigoniidae" genus="Symmetropleura" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Symmetropleura dirempta" order="Orthoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="80" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dirempta">Symmetropleura dirempta</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |