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<document id="E737246BABC42986B8AC14005CE89DD8" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.13406145" ID-ISSN="1732-2421" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406145" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.treatments_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1723062957633" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Valiukevičius, Juozas" docDate="2004" docId="782E87AD0D4BFF84FFF67508841DA1B5" docLanguage="en" docName="ActaPalaeontolPol.49.1.147-160.pdf" docOrigin="Acta Palaeontologica Polonica 49 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37.1:ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleId="93F5927C23D90727DE855278A6F17B37" docStyleName="ActaPalaeontolPol.2002-2009.journal_article" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vesperalia perplexa Valiukevičius, 2004, gen. et sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="150" masterDocId="8417FFD50D4AFF87FF9071468168A706" masterDocTitle="New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania" masterLastPageNumber="160" masterPageNumber="147" pageNumber="148" updateTime="1724888823245" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="5DE3801926B128A936A76D5E27931702">New Wenlock-Pridoli (Silurian) acanthodian fishes from Lithuania</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C7673575EA497BE4297791AF0C195698">Valiukevičius, Juozas</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="229C411F22EC2BD0B772975D641B638A">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7F8B993B444A32B907F70D2DDFFDB218">Acta Palaeontologica Polonica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="785F908A6F37483BC60048474DFFDF9F">
<mods:date id="EF939D43C979B37BF66D63A6D782CE90">2004</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="972CC96433D4091C8A71A2BD16786186">2004-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="9E8A5D12D5C639765F29ECC8469203EE">49</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="7DA864F56EDABC105B4E4B53C24CDB80" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.13406145</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="8C0BF240364F5CEC417164718A3155B1" type="ISSN">1732-2421</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="782E87AD0D4BFF84FFF67508841DA1B5" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406161" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406161" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:782E87AD0D4BFF84FFF67508841DA1B5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/782E87AD0D4BFF84FFF67508841DA1B5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<subSubSection id="B89D65300D4BFF86FFF67508835AA36D" box="[102,562,1102,1131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FFF67508835AA36D" blockId="1.[102,562,1102,1163]" box="[102,562,1102,1131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<heading id="AB7081D70D4BFF86FFF67508835AA36D" box="[102,562,1102,1131]" fontSize="12" level="2" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" reason="9">
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D4BFF86FFF675088000A36D" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[102,360,1102,1131]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FFF675088000A36D" box="[102,360,1102,1131]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D4BFF86FEE07509835AA36D" box="[368,562,1103,1131]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="B89D65300D4BFF84FFF67533841DA1B5" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="description">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FFF6753381ADA38D" blockId="1.[102,562,1102,1163]" box="[102,197,1141,1163]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D4BFF86FFF6753381C1A38D" box="[102,169,1141,1163]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Figs. 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D4BFF86FF23753381A9A38D" box="[179,193,1141,1163]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">3</figureCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC71A1847CA7FB" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" box="[812,1300,231,253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<materialsCitation id="40EF3CE60D4BFF86FCBC71A1847CA7FB" box="[812,1300,231,253]" collectionCode="LIGG" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" specimenCode="LIGG 25" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC71A182ECA7FB" box="[812,900,231,253]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D4BFF86FCBC71A182ECA7FB" box="[812,900,231,253]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
:
<specimenCode id="A0219EC00D4BFF86FC0171A1828EA7FB" box="[913,998,231,253]" collectionCode="LIGG" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">LIGG 25</specimenCode>
−A−2413, trunk scale (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D4BFF86FB2B71A18461A7FB" box="[1211,1289,231,253]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
).
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC704F8412A618" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" box="[812,1402,264,286]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC704F82C1A618" box="[812,937,264,286]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Type locality</emphasis>
: Stoniškiai−1 borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC706C8546A667" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC706C82CAA639" box="[812,930,297,319]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Type horizon</emphasis>
:RietavasBedsoftheJūraFormation,Pridoli,UpperSilurian.
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC700A8201A667" box="[812,873,332,353]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Range</emphasis>
:
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D4BFF86FCE6700D82CFA667" box="[886,935,331,353]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Type</typeStatus>
horizon only.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC702B841FA684" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" box="[812,1399,364,386]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC702B828FA684" box="[812,999,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Derivation of name</emphasis>
: From Latin
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FBF6702A85ABA684" box="[1126,1219,364,386]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">perplexus</emphasis>
, tangled, intricate.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC70D785C4A6AC" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" box="[812,1196,401,426]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC70D782E4A6AC" box="[812,908,401,426]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Material</emphasis>
.—Total about 600 scales.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FCBC70FC8528A40D" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC70FC82F3A6D7" box="[812,923,442,465]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Diagnosis</emphasis>
.—
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D4BFF86FC2E70FF855DA6D4" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[958,1077,441,466]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FC2E70FF855DA6D4" box="[958,1077,441,466]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Vesperalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with high−crowned scales, porous neck and thick crown with a sculpture of four to six linear or wavy longitudinal ridges, of which two converging ones may form a raised medial area. Ridges usually cross the entire length of the crown or fade out mid−length, continuing after a smooth area on the posterior edge of the crown. Scales grow superpositionally or both superpositionally and areally. Stranggewebe with unusually large oriented lacunae and simple mesodentine form both posterior and anterior parts of the crown. The crown contains a system of complicated and enlarged vascular canals.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF85FCBC725D8409A08F" blockId="1.[812,1486,231,1164]" lastBlockId="2.[812,1486,1807,2026]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="149" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCBC725D82C6A434" box="[812,942,795,818]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Description</emphasis>
.— Most trunk scales have rounded rhomboidal crowns varying from isometric to elongate, with length of
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D4BFF86FCBC721F82D4A474" box="[812,956,857,882]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.85" metricValueMax="8.7" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="0.685" valueMax="0.87" valueMin="0.5">0.5–0.87mm</quantity>
andwidth of
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D4BFF86FBDB721F8588A474" box="[1099,1248,857,882]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.55" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="6.1" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="0.755" valueMax="0.9" valueMin="0.61">0.61–0.9mm</quantity>
. Thelength andwidth of the larger scale specimens is
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D4BFF86FB3A723F8427A496" box="[1194,1359,889,913]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" metricValueMax="1.47" metricValueMin="0.93" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.2" valueMax="1.47" valueMin="0.93">0.93–1.47 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D4BFF86FA1F723E82EEA4A9" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.1749999999999998" metricValueMax="1.4" metricValueMin="0.95" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" unit="mm" value="1.1749999999999998" valueMax="1.4" valueMin="0.95">0.95– 1.4 mm</quantity>
, respectively. The crown surface is broad and flat, with slightly downsloped lateral and anterior margins. Four to six sharp sub−parallel straight or wavy ridges extend the whole crown length. The ridges become more robust towards the scale base.They are usually of the same height across the crown but may be more pronounced and higher posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D4BFF86FCA4751282A3A36A" box="[820,971,1108,1133]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Fig. 2C, D, G</figureCitation>
). The two most conspicuous ridges converge at the posterior tip of the crown and may form a slightly raised triangular medial plateau (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FE197649836BA02E" box="[393,515,1807,1832]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2B, D</figureCitation>
), which has a sculpture of weak anterior ridgelets (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FE017676808EA04E" box="[401,486,1840,1865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
) or has an anteriorly widened shallow groove (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FEC6761680C6A06F" box="[342,430,1872,1897]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). The
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D48FF85FE627616833AA06F" box="[498,594,1872,1897]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and other specimens have ridges that fade out at the mid−length of the crown andafteracentralsmooth area,continueandincreaseinheight posteriorly (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FF7E76F78001A0CC" box="[238,361,1969,1994]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2A, E</figureCitation>
). Of particular interest are the specimens with crown ridges and grooves on the anterior and posterior areas that do not join, but are shifted laterally relative to the long axis of the scale (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FBF7767685A9A04E" box="[1127,1217,1840,1865]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). The grooves between ridges are of irregular depth and width, and sometimes form deeper troughs at their anterior end (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FB2C7636843CA08F" box="[1212,1364,1904,1929]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2E, G, H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A4F866330D4BFF86FFF676398328A0E0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" startId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" targetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" targetPageId="1" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D4BFF86FFF676398328A0E0" blockId="1.[102,1485,1919,2022]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">
Fig. 2.
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D4BFF86FF3876398008A094" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[168,352,1919,1938]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FF3876398008A094" box="[168,352,1919,1938]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D4BFF86FEF77639809DA094" box="[359,501,1919,1938]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FF4676DD818EA0A8" bold="true" box="[214,230,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">A</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2416 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FE3676DD80DDA0A8" bold="true" box="[422,437,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">B</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2417 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FDE476DD83ECA0A8" bold="true" box="[628,644,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">C</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2418 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FCD376DD823BA0A8" bold="true" box="[835,851,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">D</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2420 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FB8376DD854AA0A8" bold="true" box="[1043,1058,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">E</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2422 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FB7176DD8587A0A8" bold="true" box="[1249,1263,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">F</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2421 (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FA3E76DD84A8A0A8" bold="true" box="[1454,1472,1947,1966]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">G</emphasis>
), LIGG 25−A−2414(
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D4BFF86FE9F76F18049A0CC" bold="true" box="[271,289,1975,1994]" pageId="1" pageNumber="148">H</emphasis>
). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="A4F866330D48FF85FFF6770B8254A1D6" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" ID-Zenodo-Dep="13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" startId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" targetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" targetPageId="2" targetType="figure">
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D48FF85FFF6770B8254A1D6" blockId="2.[102,1485,1613,1744]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
Fig. 3.
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D48FF85FF36770B8035A166" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[166,349,1613,1632]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D48FF85FF36770B8035A166" box="[166,349,1613,1632]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D48FF85FEF3770B8085A166" box="[355,493,1613,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D48FF85FC3D770B82D5A166" bold="true" box="[941,957,1613,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">A</emphasis>
) and transverse (
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D48FF85FBCA770B8501A166" bold="true" box="[1114,1129,1613,1632]" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">B</emphasis>
) sections. A
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D48FF85FB4B7710858BA162" attach="left" box="[1243,1251,1622,1636]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">1</subScript>
. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D48FF85FF3E77C881DEA19A" attach="right" box="[174,182,1678,1692]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">2</subScript>
. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D48FF85FC0077C882F0A19A" attach="right" box="[912,920,1678,1692]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">1</subScript>
. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D48FF85FEBB77EC805BA1BE" attach="left" box="[299,307,1706,1720]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">2</subScript>
. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D48FF85FD3877EC83D8A1BE" attach="left" box="[680,688,1706,1720]" fontSize="6" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">3</subScript>
. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D48FF84FCC276D483B9A626" blockId="2.[812,1486,1807,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="150" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">
Scale necks are tall and contain large linearly opening basal pores on all the walls, with up to four on each side (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D48FF85FADE76F484A9A0CC" box="[1358,1473,1970,1995]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="149">Fig. 2A, E</figureCitation>
). The scale base is rhombic in outline, moderately to greatly convex, usually protruding slightly beyond the crown antero−laterally. The deepest point of the base is centrally positioned.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B70608088A55C" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
Putative headscales(veryrareinthestudiedsamples)have isometric rhomboid, thickened crowns (up to
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D49FF84FDF57000826FA658" box="[613,775,326,351]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.35" metricValueMax="8.2" metricValueMin="6.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" unit="mm" value="0.735" valueMax="0.82" valueMin="0.65">0.65–0.82 mm</quantity>
long and wide) and low porous necks as compared to trunk scales. Head scale crowns have three to four prominent, robust and rounded ridges of even height extending over the entire crown length. These robust ridges bend medially towards the posterior edge (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FE9E70A58008A6FA" box="[270,352,483,508]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
), but do not join each other. Additional lateral oblique riblets occur on the side of each ridge. The postero−lateral crown edge is multicuspid with several (up to four on each side) rough spinelets.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B73278363A492" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
The histology of all
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FEF97324808FA57C" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[361,487,609,634]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FEF97324808FA57C" box="[361,487,609,634]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">V. perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
scales (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FDAE73278317A57C" box="[574,639,609,634]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
) is uniform. Crowns are composed of stranggewebe (mesodentinal tissue containing elongate, linearly oriented lacunae and incorporating osteocytes; for histologic terminology see
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FDCC738683B1A5DE" author="Gross, W." box="[604,729,704,728]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 82" refId="ref9073" refString="Gross, W. 1971. Downtonische und Dittonische Acanthodier-Reste des Ostseegebietes. Palaeontographica A 136: 1 - 82." type="journal article" year="1971">Gross 1971</bibRefCitation>
and
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FFF673988197A5F1" author="Denison, R." box="[102,255,734,759]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 62" refId="ref9033" refString="Denison, R. 1979. Acanthodii. In: H. - P. Schultze (ed.), Handbook of Paleoichthyology, 5. VI + 1 - 62 pp. Gustav Fischer Verlag, Stuttgart." type="book chapter" year="1979">Denison 1979</bibRefCitation>
) and simple mesodentine arranged in four thick growth lamellae. The growth
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D49FF84FE5873B9809FA411" box="[456,503,767,791]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
differs slightly among scales. Scales with interrupted ridges (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FD85725B8303A430" box="[533,619,797,822]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FDFC726C83C8A43D" box="[620,672,798,827]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[102,773,222,811]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@1.[102,773,222,812]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Sketch map showing location of the boreholes yielding the majority of the material studied. Borehole and its original number: 1−Stoniškiai, 7−Krekenava, 8−Stačiūnai, 11−Šešuvis, 12−Kunkojai, 44−Nida, 61−Viduklė, 87−Sutkai, 99−Gėluva, 128−Vilkaviškis, 137−Liepkalnis, 162−Kurtuvėnai, 179−Ledai, 241−Butkūnai, 252−Svėdasai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FDFC726C831DA43D" attach="right" box="[620,629,810,827]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">1</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FD07726C83C8A43D" attach="left" box="[663,672,810,827]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
) demonstrate a superpositional growth in only the two oldest lamellae, whereas the two youngest are added areally. Scales with continuous ridges grow superpositionally.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B72DD83BDA376" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
Thestranggewebeischaracterizedbyenlargedandelongate stranglacunae with interconnecting short processes. An unevenly thick mantle of simple mesodentine is superficial to the stranggewebe in each growth lamella (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FD8172BF830EA314" box="[529,614,1017,1042]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FDF575408306A311" box="[613,622,1030,1047]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FDF575408306A311" attach="left" box="[613,622,1030,1047]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). In scales of this species, the stranggewebe develops with a similar intensity not only in the posterior part of the crown, as it is characteristic of most climatiids, but also in its anterior parts (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FDF9751E83D4A376" box="[617,700,1112,1137]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FD2C752283ADA373" box="[700,709,1124,1141]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,838,857]" captionTargetBox="[102,773,222,811]" captionTargetId="graphics-280@1.[102,773,222,812]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 1. Sketch map showing location of the boreholes yielding the majority of the material studied. Borehole and its original number: 1−Stoniškiai, 7−Krekenava, 8−Stačiūnai, 11−Šešuvis, 12−Kunkojai, 44−Nida, 61−Viduklė, 87−Sutkai, 99−Gėluva, 128−Vilkaviškis, 137−Liepkalnis, 162−Kurtuvėnai, 179−Ledai, 241−Butkūnai, 252−Svėdasai." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406151" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406151/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FD2C752283ADA373" attach="left" box="[700,709,1124,1141]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">1</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B75318268A22B" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
The basal part of the neck has rare, typical mesodentine osteocyte cavities. The principal vascular system is formed of enlarged radial vascular canals positioned over the base, and wide ascending and slightly branched main canals supplying each growth lamella (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FEDC75B380F6A208" box="[332,414,1269,1294]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FE0E744480CFA215" box="[414,423,1282,1299]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FE0E744480CFA215" attach="left" box="[414,423,1282,1299]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
, B
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FE56744480A7A215" box="[454,463,1282,1299]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FE56744480A7A215" attach="left" box="[454,463,1282,1299]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">3</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). This system is complicated intheearliest/oldestlamellaebecauseofadditionalbranchings.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B747283C6A2AD" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
The simple mesodentine enclosing stranggewebe in the outer parts of lamellae contains a characteristic net of winding dentine tubules with many osteocyte cavities even in the superficial layers (
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FE8874D48006A2AD" box="[280,366,1426,1451]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig. 3A</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FEFD74D980C8A2B6" box="[365,416,1428,1456]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FEFD74D9801EA2B6" attach="left" box="[365,374,1439,1456]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">2</subScript>
, B
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FE0774D980C8A2B6" attach="right" box="[407,416,1439,1456]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
). Durodentine is absent.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FF1B74F48393A16E" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
Scale bases are composed of cellular bone arranged in very thin and dense growth lamellae with plenty of osteocyte cavities and medium to long Sharpey’s fibre traces. The osteocyte density increases towards the tip of pyramidal base, where they become oriented along the growth lines, and approximate thestructureofbothbonetissueandstranggewebe(
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FD097709838AA16E" box="[665,738,1615,1640]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[102,135,1613,1632]" captionTargetBox="[102,1485,227,1583]" captionTargetId="figure-157@2.[102,1486,295,1583]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 3. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. Microstructure of scales in vertical longitudinal (A) and transverse (B) sections. A1. Holotype−like scale with uniformbent, sub−parallelridgesprominentattheanteriorand posterioredges ofthecrown, and almostfadingoutnear thecrown center. ThinsectionLIGG 3678. A2. Detail of posterior edge of crown and a small portion of base of the same scale. B1. Widened scale with flattened ridges like those in Fig. 2E. Thin sectionLIGG 3679. B2. Detail of the leftpart of the same scale. B3. Detail of the rightpart of the same scale. Scale bars 0.1 mm. Stoniškiai−1borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m. Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406163" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406163/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Fig.3B</figureCitation>
<figureCitation id="68BC2A3E0D49FF84FD71771A8382A16B" box="[737,746,1628,1645]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="1.[102,135,1919,1938]" captionTargetBox="[110,1473,1208,1887]" captionTargetId="figure-398@1.[105,1482,1203,1891]" captionTargetPageId="1" captionText="Fig. 2. Vesperalia perplexa gen. et sp. nov. SEM micrographs, trunk scales except for F, head? scale, crown views, anterior upwards: holotype, LIGG 25−A−2413 (A), LIGG 25−A−2416 (B), LIGG 25−A−2417 (C), LIGG 25−A−2418 (D), LIGG 25−A−2420 (E), LIGG 25−A−2422 (F), LIGG 25−A−2421 (G), LIGG 25−A−2414(H). Scalebars0.1 mm.Nida−44borehole, depth1213.0 m(A, E–H) andStoniškiai−1borehole, depth1211.0–1217.0 m(B–D). Upper Silurian, Pridoli, Rietavas Beds of the Jūra Formation." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13406158" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/13406158/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<subScript id="6C0334FE0D49FF84FD71771A8382A16B" attach="left" box="[737,746,1628,1645]" fontSize="7" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">2</subScript>
</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FFF6773F8429A639" blockId="3.[102,775,231,2026]" lastBlockId="3.[812,1486,231,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FFF6773F81B6A196" box="[102,222,1657,1680]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Discussion</emphasis>
.—The trunk scales of
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FE43773E8322A197" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[467,586,1656,1681]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FE43773E8322A197" box="[467,586,1656,1681]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Vesperalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differ from those of all known climatiids in having a high and linearly porous neckdistinct fromtheconvexbasebyasharprim andirregular ridges ornamenting the horizontal plate of the crown. They also have wide, pronounced, often wavy subparallel ridges; the two central ridges may form an elevated medial area and point towards the posterior end of the crown. Ridges of some scale specimens aredeveloped along the anterior and posterior edges of the crown, leaving the median part of the crown unsculptured a character not previously observed in acanthodians. Histological microstructure corresponds to the
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FD2D76F581CBA0EC" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Nostolepis−</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D49FF84FF33769481BDA0EC" box="[163,213,2002,2026]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
, distinguished by very large ascending and radial vascular canals, unusually elongate lacunae of stranggewebe covered by a mantle of osteocyte−rich mesodentine in scale crowns (the tissue has bone−like characteristics).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FCC270018420A493" blockId="3.[812,1486,231,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
The
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FC1B7001856DA666" box="[907,1029,327,352]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Nostolepis−</emphasis>
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D49FF84FB96700E855CA666" box="[1030,1076,328,352]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">type</typeStatus>
histology suggests that
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FAC9700182E2A679" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FAC9700182E2A679" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D49FF84FC04702E8529A679" box="[916,1089,360,384]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be asigned to the climatiids as presently classified. Based on morphologic characters, particularly the distribution of crown ridges, the scales of
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FAC170E184A5A6B8" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[1361,1485,421,446]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FAC170E184A5A6B8" box="[1361,1485,421,446]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">V. perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differfromknownnostolepids,andshouldbeconsideredgenerically distinct. Other morphological features, that are worth mentioning are the high and porous necks (not characteristic of most climatiids), and the crown sculpture of interrupted ridges. In addition, both superpositional and areal growth
<typeStatus id="2F3C88190D49FF84FAD573058416A55D" box="[1349,1406,579,603]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">types</typeStatus>
are developed in scales of
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FB96732585EAA57D" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[1030,1154,610,635]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FB96732585EAA57D" box="[1030,1154,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">V. perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. It is obvious, that the replacement of the superpositional growth by the areal one takes always place after the formation of two the oldest lamellae (of four), and can not be attached to the ontogenetic development stage(youngerorolder)ofscales.Histologically,scalesaredistinguished from those of other
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FB1173B9844CA41E" authorityName="Berg" authorityYear="1940" box="[1153,1316,767,792]" class="Acanthodii" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="order">Climatiiformes</taxonomicName>
not only by an exhuberant development of stranggewebe, a unique character among climatiids, but also by the particularly large oriented lacunae, clearly separated strips of stranggewebe and thick mantle of simple mesodentine in growth lamellae.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FCC272DB8587A16F" blockId="3.[812,1486,231,1641]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
There are no closely related climatiids to be compared. According to several characters,
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FBE772FB843DA4D0" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[1143,1365,957,982]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FBE772FB843DA4D0" box="[1143,1365,957,982]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D49FF84FACC72F88235A4F2" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
resembles representatives of
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FB3D729A8453A4F3" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1998" box="[1197,1339,988,1013]" genus="Endemolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FB3D729A8453A4F3" box="[1197,1339,988,1013]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Endemolepis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FAE6729B82E9A312" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Tareyacanthus</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FC0072BD8503A312" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[912,1131,1019,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref9291" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1994. Acanthodiansandtheirstratigraphicsignificance [in Russian]. In: S. Cherkesova, V. Karatajute- Talimaa, and R. Matukhin (eds.), Stratigrafia i fauna niznedevonskih otlozenij Tareiskogo opornogo razreza, 131 - 197 and 236 - 243. Vserossijskij naucno-issledovatel'skij institut geologii i mineral'nyh ressursov Mirovogo okeana, Sankt Petersburg." type="book chapter" year="1994">Valiukevičius 1994</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FBE672BA85D9A312" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[1142,1201,1020,1044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref9353" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica A 248: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1998">1998</bibRefCitation>
). The former, represented by a single species
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FB83755D820DA355" authority="Valiukevicius, 1998" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="1998" genus="Endemolepis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inconstans">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FB83755D8449A335" box="[1043,1313,1051,1076]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Endemolepis inconstans</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FABE755D820DA355" author="Valiukevicius, J." pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref9353" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica A 248: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1998">Valiukevičius, 1998</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
, ranges across the Silurian–Devonian boundary in the Baltic, is distinguished by crown ridges of changeable form and length (sharp narrow, broad rounded, single or meeting in pairs, frequently with additional oblique branchings) extending the entire crown length, except for a diagnostic, narrow, unornamented anterior strip (
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FBFC75918421A3F6" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[1132,1353,1239,1264]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref9353" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica A 248: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1998">Valiukevičius 1998</bibRefCitation>
: pl. 6: 3–7). Two known Devonian representatives of
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FA9275B084CDA209" box="[1282,1445,1270,1295]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Tareyacanthus</emphasis>
,
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FA2775BE82CCA229" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">T. magnificus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FC3E745085E6A229" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[942,1166,1302,1327]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="236 - 243" refId="ref9291" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1994. Acanthodiansandtheirstratigraphicsignificance [in Russian]. In: S. Cherkesova, V. Karatajute- Talimaa, and R. Matukhin (eds.), Stratigrafia i fauna niznedevonskih otlozenij Tareiskogo opornogo razreza, 131 - 197 and 236 - 243. Vserossijskij naucno-issledovatel'skij institut geologii i mineral'nyh ressursov Mirovogo okeana, Sankt Petersburg." type="book chapter" year="1994">Valiukevičius, 1994</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 23: 9–14) from Taimyr Peninsula (
<collectingCountry id="8890762B0D49FF84FC3474738298A248" box="[932,1008,1333,1358]" name="Russia" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Russia</collectingCountry>
) and
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FBB9747185CFA248" box="[1065,1191,1333,1358]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">T. dissectus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="94164B4A0D49FF84FB3D747384E0A248" author="Valiukevicius, J." box="[1197,1416,1333,1358]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" pagination="1 - 53" refId="ref9353" refString="Valiukevicius, J. 1998. Acanthodians and zonal stratigraphy of Lower and Middle Devonian in East Baltic and Byelorussia. Palaeontographica A 248: 1 - 53." type="journal article" year="1998">Valiukevičius, 1998</bibRefCitation>
(pl. 3: 22–24 and pl. 4: 7–9) from the Stoniškiai Formation of the Baltic coast, have scales ornamented with high, sharp parallel or slightly fan−shaped ridges (up to eight per scale), that may bifurcate anteriorly and are separated by deep grooves. The histologic microstructure of both taxa is only comparable with
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FCBC74B48561A10D" authorityName="Valiukevičius" authorityYear="2004" box="[812,1033,1522,1547]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perplexa" status="gen. et sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FCBC74B48561A10D" box="[812,1033,1522,1547]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Vesperalia perplexa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="D9C057D20D49FF84FB9F74B585DBA10C" box="[1039,1203,1523,1547]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" rank="species">gen. et sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
as they all have a complicated system of principal vascular canals in crowns, but the details mentioned previously distinguish
<taxonomicName id="37874D380D49FF84FB6F7776841EA14F" authorityName="Valiukevicius" authorityYear="2004" box="[1279,1398,1584,1609]" class="Acanthodii" family="Climatiidae" genus="Vesperalia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Climatiiformes" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FB6F7776841EA14F" box="[1279,1398,1584,1609]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Vesperalia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its single species from all known climatiids.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F03836BB0D49FF84FCBC773A841DA1B5" blockId="3.[812,1485,1659,1716]" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">
<emphasis id="C2F3EAA90D49FF84FCBC773A82C3A195" box="[812,939,1660,1683]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="150">Occurrence</emphasis>
.—Stoniškiai−1 borehole, depth 1211.0–1217.0 m; Nida−44: 1213.0 m and Šešuvis−11: 1005.0–
<quantity id="377F9B5E0D49FF84FA9977DD8419A1B5" box="[1289,1393,1691,1716]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0152" pageId="3" pageNumber="150" unit="m" value="1015.2">1015.2 m</quantity>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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