216 lines
28 KiB
XML
216 lines
28 KiB
XML
<document ID-CLB-Dataset="23841" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.46995" ID-GBIF-Dataset="85272bf2-063c-476c-89d1-ef6af956f200" ID-PMC="PMC7052022" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-915-59" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F1D66FCA4A945965B56C4C24EA1AA1CA" ID-PubMed="32148423" ID-ZooBank="59C492D9DF3842258B059A7FF9BC5207" ModsDocID="1313-2970-915-59" checkinTime="1582662215742" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Basantes, Mateo, Tinoco, Nicolas, Velazco, Paul M., Hofmann, Melinda J., Rodriguez-Posada, Miguel E. & Camacho, M. Alejandra" docDate="2020" docId="654527AF33FC5FD4A37097258F312F55" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 915: 59-86" docOrigin="ZooKeys 915" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.46995" docTitle="Tonatia bakeri Williams, Willig & Reid 1995" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" id="F1D66FCA4A945965B56C4C24EA1AA1CA" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="F1D66FCA4A945965B56C4C24EA1AA1CA" masterDocTitle="Systematics and Taxonomy of Tonatia saurophila Koopman & Williams, 1951 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)" masterLastPageNumber="86" masterPageNumber="59" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1732827735101" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods id="8B44A0E487EA1C706330D12BE58158C3" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="18E85CE23189158129ECEF89D37DF369">
|
|
<mods:title id="7034DDE0B6A366789526B06E26696DEA">Systematics and Taxonomy of Tonatia saurophila Koopman & Williams, 1951 (Chiroptera, Phyllostomidae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="6B286930EC0B2A0C2B89CFD7F03C58EE" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0FE003530B27413C1F18E4CA66072B7D">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4C208E47D2EB975BAE1109DCE20F88D9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="ECA673CEC00ADA8B3F93DEF42E148AD6">Basantes, Mateo</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="206AED0534DAA4081D798036B47127A4" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="EC4817D037C35CE1C4E4E13FA8E9EF47">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="4FC4D1E4C52164F1A74BF721B459EA38">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="7FD2C0768FEB2333DE303EBF309157E8">Tinoco, Nicolas</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="88E102E3729CAFD3C3BA787A8C1B691E" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="DD8FCDD4C01EB98D9ACDE55DFFB7D76F">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="D3BC93A21AC32136717DED2659B06842">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="D5F76E13757D878C30D9D7E14582FF25">Velazco, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="1B6634AD69EAB2A95D7030FB2057E059" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="0CAC0A301BE241A464207CF21D4F29ED">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="186B32FF799D9E566EF5261736AC56C5">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="9E72B580C5A47E3BA63EE8022B4ED45B">Hofmann, Melinda J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="C4A49CBDFE198CE972188CA892115124" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="7D2FB4DAE30E0B9EC9088137DF056EE4">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C1A2401813F74ACCD87DA42D1088F15E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="0AF3727FFA74E3C15C3AB1439CBC571E">Rodriguez-Posada, Miguel E.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="5A8E7972FEF381B3CA0FDB2B21EA0758" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="BCF673B3D1EFDADE0F6576334EC0E518">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="0A9205AE6AD43381FE71125171832532">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="CFAD2506BBB865DBB125062C1F9BB9C0">Camacho, M. Alejandra</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="B0CC4DB7FF81F37E1831381771188316">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="54D69257F62A1590A49AE5265E1EBB68" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="DABBE03959311AE17ACB41CAE645BFA8">
|
|
<mods:title id="248B5F86506CA3D9E6241293CC616D4D">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="CE350E8FB5C875B1D461C712DB4BC9FB">
|
|
<mods:date id="7A5996E084B8AF7FF86333F9DA958F49">2020</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="3BE2E1E9E84E24F7D43DC4E6943D8225" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="475D2238F94883F7527DE1888ECD3283">915</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="C338DD9D6390B342C71E4CFD698DDD5F" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="826403B7D8EC89F128A4799F1A97B042">59</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="B10043B66CE89887123B26A6A9069AC2">86</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="FF0EA363B43A3DBBA7E620425F8B2FCC">
|
|
<mods:url id="A156D0AFC81FAA4BC617A621DE22D58E">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.46995</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="94F3C6561C71C87FFE3CCF89E3B1A860">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="EE3723676D80352AC2123F6422C9020C" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.915.46995</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="9FD404ABE8ED994BC7DC9E02F6D48C3B" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-915-59</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="138D46471B02BCA821BC9957596F2200" type="ZooBank">59C492D9DF3842258B059A7FF9BC5207</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="21C6D31B18529AF3BAD6A00509B089B7" type="Pensoft-UUID">F1D66FCA4A945965B56C4C24EA1AA1CA</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="654527AF33FC5FD4A37097258F312F55" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162267192" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:654527AF33FC5FD4A37097258F312F55" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/654527AF33FC5FD4A37097258F312F55" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" scope_family="Phyllostomidae" scope_order="Chiroptera" scope_subFamily="Phyllostomidae">
|
|
<subSubSection id="4C20E01F466F2F61DACD9046F9AA55FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="E45B224F469599BBD3CEFA971EC330F2" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7F5440B9E90B15EDDCD7F8A1D0432B25" ID-CoL="874LN" LSID="654527AF-33FC-5FD4-A370-97258F312F55" authority="Williams, Willig & Reid, 1995" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">Tonatia bakeri Williams, Willig & Reid, 1995</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B81346665EA25B6455EA54467649DC1B" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="reference_group">
|
|
<paragraph id="9D53E9C5E11E846FE8A1BA5EA2F968C6" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="90CE8C8DB02A2F619179D2890FFD4143" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia saurophila subsp. bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subSpecies" species="saurophila" subSpecies="bakeri">Tonatia saurophila bakeri</taxonomicName>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="33985661C516D25914ACCFA95EE3624D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
: 622.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="6A46886FA64BE9B6F4814DB372290478" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="holotype">
|
|
<paragraph id="B7FE017FD6AF0D3BCBD18E22CE4379C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Holotype.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="5674D49DC1F066714A467EFF11D48C01" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
Adult male, deposited at the Museum of Texas Tech University (TTU 39120), collected on 31 January 1983 by R. J. Baker (original field number 1195), 6 km SW of Cana,
|
|
<normalizedToken id="5809041D2A57FD0A5D4A7159D2CA83EC" originalValue="Darién">Darien</normalizedToken>
|
|
, Panama, 1200 m. Prepared as skin and skull by M. S. Hafner. Karyotype reference number TK22573. No paratypes were designated by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="B15CFA4FE8EDE301C9E51C37BF142678" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, but several specimens from Mexico, Belize, Costa Rica, Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua, Panama, and Venezuela were listed and used in the description.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="29AB3766C320AC9BBCF6FA6BC531FFDF" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph id="F5654863198EBE486C63ECD6BE1C66B6" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="BD1A458FF2F566885F49A98489295372" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8431B069CA2A7B8825D00CFC7A408C36" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="E16CE40AB4104FD961B7C340E9ED1239" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distributed from southeastern Mexico southward into South America to northwestern Ecuador, northern Colombia, and northern Venezuela (west and north of Cordillera de
|
|
<normalizedToken id="1A5AB55F44A4CDBA7C8F9F8A30820DAD" originalValue="Mérida">Merida</normalizedToken>
|
|
). The southernmost records of the species are located in the Province of Esmeraldas, Ecuador (Fig.
|
|
<figureCitation id="8F78814A263C9D3420600D3B5B588674" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Geographic distribution of Tonatia saurophila †, T. bakeri, and T. maresi. Map of Central and South America showing the geographical distribution of T. saurophila † (subfossil records, Jamaica, type locality), T. bakeri, and T. maresi. Modified from Williams and Genoways (2008), and based on the localities of the specimens included in this study." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.46995.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/383144" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">7</figureCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="4EB6997926AC1020959E1A7833CAF39F" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph id="526203CD44895058077A91AA222F486B" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="8FCA1EEC6A637CC60C7FEEC666DED102" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="767E9539C7C3B5DB92AE6B666E940656" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="8829FB60D5BAB61ADA0500BC09967D83" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is distinguished from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3C0C2DC4C7D2CE29918381ADF5BE7EF8" lsidName="T. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="bidens">
|
|
<emphasis id="FAB821CAFB80D62F93EB2427CA0AF137" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. bidens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E302908010E80D96884E7F8D23D0AFC1" lsidName="T. maresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="maresi">
|
|
<emphasis id="AF8A05BEDC660C8C4AAD0060E30269D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. maresi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
mainly by craniodental and external measurements.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="56F19AEB7E30F1EAC76DEF8B70BFF8D1" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="93CDC6C40F45D7AB5D7DE47D4A823628" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
is larger than any other species within the genus (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1A0C104320295A3F1E586A7B120DCC67" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="453CB871FA56F14C96DF6D64CCFC876C" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Tonatia bakeri and Tonatia maresi. Measurements are given for the holotypes and for the specimens included in this study (mean and observed range). Holotype data taken from Williams et al. (1995)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0">2</tableCitation>
|
|
). The measurements that explain most of the variability are postorbital constriction length, mastoid width, and upper canine width. The skin around the mouth, nose leaf, and warts of the lower lip presents a light coloration. The posterior edge of the cranium presents an acute apex, the mandibular condyles are robust, the diastema between the canine and first lower premolar is absent or not evident, and clinoid process is well developed (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="15503CE5F05D22AFF8F4E28821D21AEF" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustrations showing the differences of the posterior edge of the cranium and the mandibular condyle between Tonatia bakeri and T. maresi. In the dorsal view of the skull, arrows point to the posterior border of the cranium in a T. bakeri and b T. maresi. In the occlusal view of the mandible, arrows point the mandibular condyle of c T. bakeri and d T. maresi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.46995.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/383140" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">3a, c</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="7403104CD92EDEDDE170FC09CBE36865" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Differences in the separation of the canine with respect to the first premolar, and the development of the clinoid process between Tonatia bakeri and T. maresi. Illustrations of the lateral view of the mandible, arrows indicate the separation between the canine and the first premolar in a T. bakeri and b T. maresi. In the posterior basioccipital view, arrows indicate the clinoid process in c T. bakeri (QCAZ 9754) and d T. maresi (QCAZ 4972)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.46995.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/383141" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">4a, c</figureCitation>
|
|
). Measurements of the holotype taken from
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="EFCDC8161077A92107433CEA7F70D452" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. (1995)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, as well as averages of the external craniodental and external measurements of the specimens analyzed in this study, are presented in Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="2BEE113F1AF1E26218C3B002497CDE3F" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Tonatia bakeri and Tonatia maresi. Measurements are given for the holotypes and for the specimens included in this study (mean and observed range). Holotype data taken from Williams et al. (1995)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0">2</tableCitation>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="7C47E8018562F984ACB5DC45395EE743" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="description">
|
|
<paragraph id="F61C8E66FE2918D5C7C96197644F929D" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="882B6E1A341BB22714859DA7528A5A28" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">The holotype has bicolored gray-brown dorsal fur with dark tips; hairs behind ears and neck are bicolored with white bases, and are overall slightly lighter than the rest of the dorsum. Hairs on shoulders are gray-brown, presenting white bases and tips (tricolored). The hairs on the top of head have white tips forming a pale stripe between the ears. Ventral pelage is paler than dorsal pelage; hairs are fawn with lighter tips, but around the throat the fur has a lighter and more uniform color. Dorsal and ventral pelage is dense. Dorsal hairs are longer (12.0 mm) than ventral hairs (5.0 mm). The proximal third of the forearm is covered by short hair (the ventral surface is more densely furred than dorsal), as well as base of the thumbs and proximal side of the feet. The proximal ventral margins of the uropatagium and wing membranes have sparse short hair. The skull of the holotype is complete and in perfect condition, presenting a well-defined sagittal crest.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="DD958A10B8F21D78F0CE746E8CC2A69E" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="comparisons">
|
|
<paragraph id="E88C64C400AE5847E1985C554FF7F9F7" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Comparisons.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F2D3482F9A92D5FFD2721A3264F88065" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FA1A15050608D69B30C7C9BC94E74AC8" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="FB6EACC5EBAB3C0EC3E02D87B819AAA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DC9ED3709F0F30C10A033E0546A8D929" lsidName="T. maresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="maresi">
|
|
<emphasis id="BBA79AB4BB987F5938CA750D6983581A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. maresi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differ from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7E5288AF1B7689E8C3DA6C54496EB09C" lsidName="T. bidens" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="bidens">
|
|
<emphasis id="9E482D404054D83105A9AE1A799DE846" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. bidens</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in the presence of a clear line of short fur on the top of the head between ears, a secondary process in the mastoid that partially obscures the base of the bulla (unique within subfamily
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BAC05C0C7F7E114C1A0F4EA04E7AAB80" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" lsidName="" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Phyllostominae">Phyllostominae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), a larger gap between lower canines, a lower crowded appearance of the premolars, and a narrower postorbital constriction.
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E4B8AF3AB2D1BA16348894C1862DA1AF" authorityName="Williams, Willig & Reid" authorityYear="1995" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia bakeri" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="156E3F0D1444E2C6E8B396744489E5F7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
differs from
|
|
<taxonomicName id="453A40A35A6543DC776980F9B29179B5" lsidName="T. maresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="maresi">
|
|
<emphasis id="AB37E6A4DF0CFFFB66A4AAE1F365F5EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. maresi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
in its narrower breadth across the lower incisors (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A86B3BBA67C10954FD5109A5FB20A845" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
), presence of an acute apex in the posterior edge of the braincase due to the presence of a well-developed sagittal process, robust mandibular condyles, a reduced or absent space between the canine and the first lower premolar, observable in the mandible body (lateral view), and a well-developed clinoid process (Figs
|
|
<figureCitation id="6D74C525E45C9F7029DBEF6524BE0B55" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Illustrations showing the differences of the posterior edge of the cranium and the mandibular condyle between Tonatia bakeri and T. maresi. In the dorsal view of the skull, arrows point to the posterior border of the cranium in a T. bakeri and b T. maresi. In the occlusal view of the mandible, arrows point the mandibular condyle of c T. bakeri and d T. maresi." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.46995.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/383140" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">3a, c</figureCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<figureCitation id="C1E9A7D7D1CC43DE6C2B3A13B06047F2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Differences in the separation of the canine with respect to the first premolar, and the development of the clinoid process between Tonatia bakeri and T. maresi. Illustrations of the lateral view of the mandible, arrows indicate the separation between the canine and the first premolar in a T. bakeri and b T. maresi. In the posterior basioccipital view, arrows indicate the clinoid process in c T. bakeri (QCAZ 9754) and d T. maresi (QCAZ 4972)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.915.46995.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/383141" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">4a, c</figureCitation>
|
|
). Additionally,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="5697F48EB8F8360D7B94349474E35A57" lsidName="T. bakeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="94CD1DEF690FA9FD95C02CCF968CF3D9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
specimens are larger than those of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="7EDAE0195A8FCA446F545618E5FFBEE4" lsidName="T. maresi" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="maresi">
|
|
<emphasis id="C6338208353171823F046649ABC4CEB4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">T. maresi</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Table
|
|
<tableCitation id="BAFBB79DE4B2F9202425D6EEFEBD614D" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="T2" captionText="Table 2. Measurements (in mm) of Tonatia bakeri and Tonatia maresi. Measurements are given for the holotypes and for the specimens included in this study (mean and observed range). Holotype data taken from Williams et al. (1995)." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" tableUuid="44F53F9DF2F3960110D72F3CDB6FE6C0">2</tableCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="0BFE4729D2549B5F8F40615DE13706A1" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="etymology">
|
|
<paragraph id="23C0D78F50BDE9D475476AF5C4A02844" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="44090581FF4F6161FB43C122D3A05472" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
The name
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C1923E68C1B76D68898C3385150B71B8" lsidName="bakeri" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
|
<emphasis id="F2A413319CAD43CBBFFFCEE8DEAC08BE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">bakeri</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
was coined in recognition to Robert J. Baker for his contributions to the genetics and systematics of the family
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2C85ECF0E1CAB8C9FB2AE5F7A0F9189B" authorityName="Gray" authorityYear="1825" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">Phyllostomidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="88046978206CA973B7A435D94703CA4C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" author="Williams, SL" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Mammalogy" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" pagination="612 - 626" refId="B48" refString="Williams, SL, Willig, MR, Reid, FA, 1995. Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies. Journal of Mammalogy 76: 612 - 626, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" title="Review of the Tonatia bidens complex (Mammalia: Chiroptera), with descriptions of two new subspecies." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/1382370" volume="76" year="1995">Williams et al. 1995</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="553F9D1B946B538FBCE70BD5D61FB60D" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" type="remarks">
|
|
<paragraph id="3BEE56F663902577361561A130AFB08E" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="F4C7692E604F1BA95FE7AF04E6321857" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">
|
|
Little is known on the natural history of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName id="ADEBB4F626EAF496127AF72DB48F7D2D" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="CDBBAEFF141AED0136EE00FCBBF447F8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
. It has been reported that it uses hollow trees as day roosts, within which forms monospecific groups, or multispecific groups with other bat species (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7F069BDC36473CC6A1C016D19043C938" author="Williams, S" journalOrPublisher="The University of Chicago Press, Chicago" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B47" refString="Williams, S, Genoways, H, 2008. Subfamily Phyllostominae. In: Gardner AL (Ed.) Mammals of South America. Volume I. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews and Bats. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago" title="Subfamily Phyllostominae. In: Gardner AL (Ed.) Mammals of South America. Volume I. Marsupials, Xenarthrans, Shrews and Bats." year="2008">Williams and Genoways 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The diet of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="990A282E16B747B0D9D2C940DAFAC255" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tonatia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
|
<emphasis id="7D305DB8E501F25FE67F811E8D515C54" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="59">Tonatia</emphasis>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
includes arthropods, fruit, and small vertebrates (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="2A656FB5892D0E022BD7962F555675E7" author="Tirira, DG" journalOrPublisher="Ediciones Murcielago Blanco, Quito" pageId="0" pageNumber="59" refId="B42" refString="Tirira, DG, 2017. Mamiferos del Ecuador Guia de Campo Publicacion Especial 11. Ediciones Murcielago Blanco, Quito" title="Mamiferos del Ecuador Guia de Campo Publicacion Especial 11." year="2017">Tirira 2017</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |