172 lines
17 KiB
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172 lines
17 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.92.770" ID-GBIF-Dataset="7486ba22-31da-4406-899c-01415d874642" ID-PMC="PMC3084545" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-92-61" ID-PubMed="21594112" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2011" ModsDocID="1313-2970-92-61" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 92" ModsDocTitle="First record of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species, C. abuhurayri sp. n." checkinTime="1451250470216" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aldawood, Abdulrahman S., Sharaf, Mostafa R. & Taylor, Brian" docDate="2011" docId="60E034D2B02077D97C7DFF2E94B6ECB0" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 92: 61-69" docOrigin="ZooKeys 92" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.92.770" docTitle="Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood, sp. n." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="63" masterDocId="FFBDFF98E854DA1EFFAD0A0B0C538400" masterDocTitle="First record of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species, C. abuhurayri sp. n." masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="61" pageNumber="62" updateTime="1668168712348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>First record of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood, 1840 (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) from Saudi Arabia with description of a new species, C. abuhurayri sp. n.</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart>Aldawood, Abdulrahman S.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Sharaf, Mostafa R.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Taylor, Brian</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2011</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>92</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>61</mods:start>
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<mods:end>69</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.92.770</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.92.770</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-92-61</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="159364959" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCB8586A-7665-49D1-8CD7-62EE4F77FC7B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/60E034D2B02077D97C7DFF2E94B6ECB0" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<taxonomicName LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:CCB8586A-7665-49D1-8CD7-62EE4F77FC7B" authority="Sharaf & Aldawood" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri Sharaf & Aldawood</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="1" pageNumber="62">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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Figs 112
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype worker">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Holotype worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">TL 0.99, HL 0.39, HW 0.31, SL 0.24, ML 0.31, PRW 0.19, PL 0.11, PW 0.08, PPL 0.05, PPW 0.09, SI 77, CI 79.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Overall unicolorous yellow, smooth and shining (Fig. 1). Head (Fig. 2) distinctly longer than broad, with clearly convex sides and a straight posterior margin. Mandibles smooth and shining with relatively long yellow hairs and armed with four teeth. Median portion of clypeus flat. In anterolateral view, clypeal lateral carinae strongly narrowed posteriorly between frontal lobes, then continued as a frontal triangle. Eyes minute and with a single ommatidium (Fig. 3).Scapes fail to reach head posterior margin by about one-third the head length. The scapes broaden evenly from about mid-length. Mesosoma in profile slightly convex. Metanotal groove shallow but distinct, dorsally and laterally (Fig. 4). Propodeum obliquely angled (Fig. 5). Propodeal spiracle (Fig. 5, 6) relatively large, circular, high and close to propodeal declivity. Metapleural gland orifice prominent. Petiole longer than broad in dorsal view with short peduncle. Postpetiole node lower than petiole and dorsally distinctly convex, nearly as long as broad in dorsal view (Fig. 7). Pilosity appressed, few and short on mesosoma, petiole, postpetiole, and rare on first gastral tergite, underside of head with a few short straight hairs. The clypeus has two pairs of standing hairs, the central pair long, and the lateral pair shorter. Anterior sides of head very finely longitudinally striated (Fig. 8). Dorsum of head with abundant scattered hair pits. Lower half of mesopleura, metapleura, and petiole and postpetiole with areolate-rugose sculpture (Fig. 5).</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Figures 1-8.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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sp. n.; ar: areolate-rugose; lst: longitudinal striations; mtg: metanotal groove; om: ommatidiun; pd: propodeum; prs: propodeal spiracle; ppt: postpetiole; pt: petiole.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">TL 0.99-1.13, HL 0.35-0.41, HW 0.29-0.32, SL 0.21-0.28, ML 0.31-0.34, PRW 0.17-0.19, PL 0.08-0.12, PW 0.07-0.08, PPL 0.05-0.07, PPW 0.08-09, SI 69-88, CI 74-89. (7 measured).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="holotype worker">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Holotype worker.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Saudi Arabia, Al Bahah, Al Mukhwah, Zei Ein Archaeological Village,
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<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="19.916666">19°55'N</geoCoordinate>
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;
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<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="41.433334">41°26'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 741 m. a.s.l. 18.v.2010 (M. R. Sharaf Leg.); deposited in the King Saud Museum of Arthropods, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="paratypes">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Paratypes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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7 workers, same localoty as holotype; 1 deposited in the
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Muséum">Museum</normalizedToken>
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<normalizedToken originalValue="ďHistoire">ďHistoire</normalizedToken>
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Naturelle, Geneva, Switzerland (Dr Bernhard Merz); 1 deposited in Naturhistorisches Museum, Basel, Switzerland (Mrs. Isabelle
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Zürcher-Pfander">Zuercher-Pfander</normalizedToken>
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); 1 deposited in California Academy of Science (Dr Brian Fisher); 2 deposited in World Museum Liverpool, Liverpool, U.K (Dr Guy Knight), the remaining specimens in the King Saud Museum of Arthropods, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Given the anomalies of the
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="191 - 238" title="The American species of the myrmicine ant genus Carebara Westwood." volume="26" year="2004">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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(2004)
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</bibRefCitation>
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schema and with only minute monomorphic workers, we are unable to place this new species within his species-complexes (denominated as
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<normalizedToken originalValue="species–groups">species-groups</normalizedToken>
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in
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<bibRefCitation author="Fernandez, F" journalOrPublisher="Caldasia" pageId="4" pageNumber="65" pagination="191 - 203" title="A new species of Carebara from the Philippines with notes and comments on the systematics of the Carebara genus group (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmicinae)." volume="32" year="2010">
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<normalizedToken originalValue="Fernández">Fernandez</normalizedToken>
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2010
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</bibRefCitation>
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). In the old schema, workers with 10-segmented antennae would fall in the Genus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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Mayr subgenus
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Aeromyrma" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aeromyrma" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Aeromyrma</taxonomicName>
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Forel. Those, however, like all the
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Oligomyrmex" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Oligomyrmex" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Oligomyrmex</taxonomicName>
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, have dimorphic workers but, from the present collection,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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has only a small worker morph.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara arabica" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="arabica">Carebara arabica</taxonomicName>
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has major and minor workers, both appearing to have 11-segmented antennae. The minor is larger, TL 1.3 mm, than
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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, TL max 1.13 mm, and the propodeum profile of the minor has a sharp angular transition from the dorsum to the declivity.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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Figures 9-12.
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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sp. n. paratype worker 9-12, 9 body in profile 10 body in dorsal view 11 head in full-face view 12 type locality label (CASC)
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="etymology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Etymology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">This new species is named after Abuhurayra, the companion of the Prophet, Mohammed, may peace and blessing be upon him, and whose tribe inhabited Al Bahah region.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="63" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" type="biology">
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">Biology.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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The specimens of
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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were found foraging on the ground and coexisting with the ant species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Tetramorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tetramorium sericeiventre" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="sericeiventre">Tetramorium sericeiventre</taxonomicName>
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Emery, 1877,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole minuscula" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="minuscula">Pheidole minuscula</taxonomicName>
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Bernard, 1851,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Pheidole" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Pheidole" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Pheidole</taxonomicName>
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sp.,
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium destructor" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="destructor">Monomorium destructor</taxonomicName>
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(Jerdon, 1851),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium exiguum" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exiguum">Monomorium exiguum</taxonomicName>
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(Forel, 1894),
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Monomorium" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Monomorium" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Monomorium</taxonomicName>
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sp. and
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
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sp. This association with the above taxa may indicate a
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<normalizedToken originalValue="“lestobiotic”">"lestobiotic"</normalizedToken>
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relationship (Longino, 2004) but at present, it is not known with which of these above species
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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is nesting. It is worth mentioning that
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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is one of the smallest ant species known to occur in Arabia.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="1" pageNumber="62">
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The type locality is a mountainous area which is considered as a part of upper Tihama territory which belongs to Al Bahah region (Fig. 13). The locality has a great diversity of wild plants and many cultivated fruits, especially banana, date palm, and
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<taxonomicName class="Gastropoda" family="Ficidae" genus="Ficus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Ficus" order="Littorinimorpha" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Mollusca" rank="genus">Ficus</taxonomicName>
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trees, also alfalfa, and some lemon trees are cultivated. Many water streams are present in the area, therefore, the soil has a considerable degree of humidity all year round. Such habitats are found elsewhere in Arabia and so this or related species can be expected in most Arabian countries. For Saudi Arabia, we are expecting to record them in the Asir mountain chain, especially in the lower elevation areas which are called Tihama. We hope future collecting will allow clarification as to whether
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<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Carebara" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Carebara abuhurayri" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="62" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="abuhurayri">Carebara abuhurayri</taxonomicName>
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has monomorphic or dimorphic workers and the nature of the queen.
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</paragraph>
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<caption pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<paragraph pageId="2" pageNumber="63">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="2" pageNumber="63" start="start">Figure</pageBreakToken>
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13. Type locality, Al Mukhwah, Zei Ein Archaeological village.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |