228 lines
25 KiB
XML
228 lines
25 KiB
XML
<document id="37CF4F067E5D38A877766003CFFCD425" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.3676599" ID-GBIF-Dataset="81fddc1b-649c-4455-a6da-e6a4ca9c0291" ID-ISSN="1942-1354" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3676599" ID-ZooBank="9C545611-FC84-414F-A162-74E4CCE63A00" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1582199622078" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Martinez, Jose I., Crane, Jonathan H., Wasielewski, Jeff, Miller, Jacqueline Y. & Carrillo, Daniel" docDate="2019" docId="605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" docLanguage="en" docName="InsectaMundi.0739.1-26.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Insecta Mundi 739 (739)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC.3:InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleId="6D85C66E4B52897F25DA165649BC06DC" docStyleName="InsectaMundi.2009-2020.journal_article" docStyleVersion="3" docTitle="Holcocera crassicornella Dietz 1910" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="6" masterDocId="9C6FFFDFFFF2FFC6FFCCF405FD27FFA4" masterDocTitle="Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control" masterLastPageNumber="26" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="6" updateTime="1698720298811" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-NC-3.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="03B101FC071D8E050D4DC13C3B1027A4">
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<mods:title id="A7CCC9A14378B52453E9279A0FFA5255">Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla (Manilkara zapota (L.) van Royen) in south Florida, with some comments on life history and natural control</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="298708DECC127A031DCAED24B334D967">Martinez, Jose I.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="7FC1FDC7E11C266E2BBCCF0DA5AEB36D">Crane, Jonathan H.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="0B2081310117A2AAD2719B84E20D13DE">Wasielewski, Jeff</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29B1B98B07DA210089181CB7DF56FEA5">Miller, Jacqueline Y.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6B4FA7FCD20C54ABBA671612B208BC33">Carrillo, Daniel</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="430DEE8B259E09D1E2A10A88C233BE8F">Insecta Mundi</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="35CDCE43EC2CE3A43EF37626EE4EC368">
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<mods:date id="28BB8EA93A26D0A3F98E9D686B33AFFB">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="B5A14F3A5F439E707AA74BCE9696776D">2019-12-03</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="84CF643064EFDC502FFBD2A034B59F38">739</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="EAF02FD5E00E02B5CA58CF36E51A74BB" type="ISSN">1942-1354</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3681449" ID-GBIF-Taxon="162233514" ID-Zenodo-Dep="3681449" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/605687A7FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF95F82C" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" blockId="7.[192,688,822,847]" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<heading id="B30881DDFFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" bold="true" box="[192,688,822,847]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" reason="3">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" ID-CoL="6LXVD" authority="Dietz, 1910" authorityName="Dietz" authorityYear="1910" box="[192,688,822,847]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF97FCEB" bold="true" box="[192,688,822,847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF733FF33FCEA" bold="true" box="[192,532,822,846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FDD0F732FF97FCEB" author="Dietz" box="[540,688,823,847]" firstAuthor="Dietz" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref13815" refString="Dietz, W. G. 1910. Revision of Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz, 1910</bibRefCitation>
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</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" blockId="7.[192,590,870,893]" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="C8EF119FFFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" box="[192,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FF69FCD8" ID-CoL="68MFQ" authority="Busck, 1915" authorityName="Busck" authorityYear="1915" box="[192,590,870,893]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Blastobasis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="eriobotryae">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF763FCE5FCDF" box="[192,450,870,891]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Blastobasis eriobotryae</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="695E10A0FFF5FFC1FE05F762FF69FCD8" author="Busck" box="[457,590,870,893]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" year="1915">
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FE05F762FF69FCD8" author="Busck, A." box="[457,590,870,893]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 94" part="17" refId="ref12974" refString="Busck, A. 1915. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 79 - 94." title="Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1915">Busck, 1915</bibRefCitation>
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</treatmentCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF24F793FCC1FC6B" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF24F793FCC1FC6B" blockId="7.[192,1440,918,975]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FF24F793FF29FC0A" box="[232,526,918,942]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF24F793FF29FC0A" box="[232,526,918,942]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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was described by W. G.
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FCE0F793FE98FC0A" author="Dietz" box="[812,959,918,942]" firstAuthor="Dietz" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="1 - 72" refId="ref13815" refString="Dietz, W. G. 1910. Revision of Blastobasidae of North America. Transactions of the American Entomological Society 36: 1 - 72." type="journal article" year="1910">Dietz (1910)</bibRefCitation>
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from a single specimen found in
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<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FA8BF793F887FC0A" box="[1351,1440,918,942]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
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in the USNM collection.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFE85FAEE" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="description">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFE85FAEE" blockId="7.[192,1440,1000,1354]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF7EDFC96FBA4" bold="true" box="[192,433,1000,1024]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Description. Egg.</emphasis>
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Remarkable small size; completely pearly white and turning dark-pink close to emergence.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE83F00CFC8EFB85" bold="true" box="[335,425,1033,1057]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Larva.</emphasis>
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First and second instars dark-yellow, thorax and head dark-brown. Third to seventh instars dark grayish-brown, head nearly black. Last instar length
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<quantity id="2F079B54FFF5FFC1FBCCF02FF9B6FBE5" box="[1024,1169,1066,1090]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.2" metricValueMax="3.5" metricValueMin="2.9" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="3.2" valueMax="3.5" valueMin="2.9">2.9–3.5 mm</quantity>
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(
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<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF5FFC1FB68F02FF827FBE6" box="[1188,1280,1066,1090]" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="25.[192,275,1819,1841]" captionTargetBox="[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[377,1254,213,1785]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="Figure 1. Larvae of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676601" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676601/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1C</figureCitation>
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).
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FAD5F02FF887FBE6" bold="true" box="[1305,1440,1066,1090]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pre-pupa.</emphasis>
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Similar in size to last instar, but body dark grayish-purple; head brown.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FBF6F04EF9ADFBC7" bold="true" box="[1082,1162,1099,1123]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pupa.</emphasis>
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Dark-brown; spiracles protruding from the body like spines.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDB3F06EFFF5FB27" bold="true" box="[639,722,1131,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Adult.</emphasis>
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Not sexually dimorphic.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FC30F069F987FB27" box="[1020,1184,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Wing expanse</emphasis>
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:
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<quantity id="2F079B54FFF5FFC1FB61F069F81AFB27" box="[1197,1341,1132,1156]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.65" metricValueMax="5.1" metricValueMin="4.2" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" unit="mm" value="4.65" valueMax="5.1" valueMin="4.2">4.2–5.1 mm</quantity>
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.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA8AF06EF887FB27" bold="true" box="[1350,1440,1131,1155]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Wings.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF089FC52FB01" box="[192,373,1164,1189]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Dorsal surface</emphasis>
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: Forewings
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDDEF088FF39FB00" box="[530,542,1165,1188]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">c</emphasis>
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ompletely gray with overlaid dark-gray scales; a black discal spot; two postdiscal black spots. Hindwings, pale-gray; fringe with very long gray scales.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB55F0A8F872FB62" box="[1177,1365,1197,1222]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Ventral surface</emphasis>
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: Both wings pale-gray.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE5AF0CAFCC1FB43" bold="true" box="[406,486,1231,1255]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Head.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE23F0CAFF45FB42" box="[495,610,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Antennae</emphasis>
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: Filiform; the scape large, flattened and inwardly concave.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA80F0CAF8BEFB42" box="[1356,1433,1231,1254]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Vertex</emphasis>
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: Tawny.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEEDF0EAFC97FAA3" box="[289,432,1263,1287]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Mouthparts</emphasis>
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: Labial palpi tawny with second and third segment longer than first.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB38F0F5F865FAAC" bold="true" box="[1268,1346,1264,1288]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Body.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FA84F0EAFC41FA8C" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
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: Tawny; dorsal view with horizontal row of small spines at the posterior margin of each segment.
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEFAF137FC4AFAED" box="[310,365,1330,1353]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Legs</emphasis>
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: Similar to labial palpi in coloration (
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<figureCitation id="70C42A34FFF5FFC1FCF5F137FEB2FAEE" box="[825,917,1330,1354]" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="26.[192,275,1790,1812]" captionTargetBox="[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetId="figure@26.[379,1254,213,1756]" captionTargetPageId="26" captionText="Figure 2. Adults of Lepidoptera pests of sapodilla. The unlabeled images in the top half of the figure are to scale, whereas the labeled images in the bottom half of the figure have been resized. A) Dichrorampha sapodilla Heppner. B) Comotia torsicornis Dyar. C) Holcocera crassicornella Dietz. D) Zamagiria laidion (Zeller). E) Pyroderces badia (Hodges). F) Phidotricha erigens Ragonot. G) Banisia myrsusalis Walker. H) Banisia argutula Whalley. I) Electrostrymon angelia (Hewitson). J) Erinnyis ello (Linnaeus)." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3676603" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/3676603/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF167FE3BFADF" box="[192,796,1378,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF167FE3BFADF" blockId="7.[192,796,1378,1403]" box="[192,796,1378,1403]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF167FC54FADE" bold="true" box="[192,371,1378,1402]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Distribution.</emphasis>
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Southern
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<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FE3FF166FF6BFADF" box="[499,588,1379,1403]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FD97F166FE37FADF" author="Adamski, D." box="[603,784,1379,1403]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="731 - 741" part="100" refId="ref12278" refString="Adamski, D. 1998. On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 731 - 741." title="On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Adamski 1998</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A0E5653AFFF5FFC1FF0CF191FF95F82C" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" type="biology_ecology">
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<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF191F937FA68" blockId="7.[192,1440,1427,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
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<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF191FC32FA08" bold="true" box="[192,277,1428,1452]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Hosts.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FED7F196FE72FA08" authority="(Thunb.) Lindl." authorityName="Lindl." baseAuthorityName="Thunb." box="[283,853,1427,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rosaceae" genus="Eriobotrya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Rosales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="japonica">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FED7F196FF2BFA0F" box="[283,524,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Eriobotrya japonica</emphasis>
|
||
(Thunb.) Lindl. (Rosaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FC5CF191F90CFA0F" box="[912,1067,1427,1451]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rubrum">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FC5CF191F90CFA0F" box="[912,1067,1427,1451]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Acer rubrum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
L. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB95F191F9D3FA08" box="[1113,1268,1428,1452]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Sapindaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FAC7F191F8BBFA08" author="Busck, A." box="[1291,1436,1428,1452]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="79 - 94" part="17" refId="ref12974" refString="Busck, A. 1915. Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera. Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 17: 79 - 94." title="Descriptions of new North American Microlepidoptera" type="journal article" year="1915">Busck 1915</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8C6E4B40FFF5FFC1FF0CF1B0FC54FA69" author="Adamski, D." box="[192,371,1461,1485]" journalOrPublisher="Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" pagination="731 - 741" part="100" refId="ref12278" refString="Adamski, D. 1998. On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 100: 731 - 741." title="On the identity of Holcocera guilandinae (Busck, 1900) (Lepidoptera: Gelechioidea: Coleophoridae: Blastobasinae)" type="journal article" year="1998">Adamski 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE4BF1B1FF46FA68" box="[391,609,1460,1484]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapotaceae" genus="Manilkara" kingdom="Plantae" order="Ericales" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sapota">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE4BF1B1FF46FA68" box="[391,609,1460,1484]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Manilkara sapota</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(L.) van Royen,
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FCE6F1B0F92FFA69" bold="true" box="[810,1032,1461,1485]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">new host record</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF1E3FE21F926" blockId="7.[192,1440,1509,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF1E3FCBAFA59" bold="true" box="[192,413,1509,1534]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Natural history.</emphasis>
|
||
The adults are nocturnal and reach their highest population levels from late spring (June) to early summer (July) in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="2A3BF853FFF5FFC1FD9EF202FF88F9BB" box="[594,687,1543,1567]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Florida</collectingRegion>
|
||
. Females lay their eggs inside the flowers.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB75F202F81BF9BB" box="[1209,1340,1543,1567]" genus="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||
develop inside the flowers feeding on everything except the sepals.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FCB9F22DFED2F9E4" box="[885,1013,1576,1600]" genus="The" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" rank="species" species="larvae">The larvae</taxonomicName>
|
||
produce silk tunnels among flowers to avoid predators. The larval stage lasts 19–23 days depending on the availability of the food resources and can be extended for a longer period of time.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF24F28EFF00F967" blockId="7.[192,1440,1509,1732]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Pupation occurs inside the flowers where the larva rolls up a sepal and makes a silk cocoon. The pupal stage lasts 22–26 days.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF2D9FE7BF892" blockId="7.[192,1440,1756,1847]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF2D9FC10F950" bold="true" box="[192,311,1756,1780]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Damage.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FEF2F2D9FF42F950" box="[318,613,1756,1780]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FEF2F2D9FF42F950" box="[318,613,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Holcocera crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is a serious pest in sapodilla, and during this study it was one of the most aggressive species, after
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FDFFF2FBFFE7F8B1" box="[563,704,1789,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Thyrididae" genus="Banisia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="argutula">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FDFFF2FBFFE7F8B1" box="[563,704,1789,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">B. argutula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FD31F2FBFE53F8B1" box="[765,884,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FD31F2FBFE53F8B1" box="[765,884,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The damage is very similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FB34F2FBF848F8B1" box="[1272,1391,1790,1813]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FB34F2FBF848F8B1" box="[1272,1391,1790,1813]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; we saw many larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE79F31AFFA4F892" box="[437,643,1822,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE79F31AFFA4F892" box="[437,643,1822,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FD12F31AFE73F892" box="[734,852,1823,1846]" class="Insecta" family="Pyralidae" genus="Phidotricha" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="erigens">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FD12F31AFE73F892" box="[734,852,1823,1846]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">P. erigens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E84036B1FFF5FFC1FF0CF34AFF95F82C" blockId="7.[192,1440,1871,1929]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FF0CF34AFC5EF8C3" bold="true" box="[192,377,1871,1895]" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">Management.</emphasis>
|
||
We reared two unidentified parasitoid wasps, a mymarid and a braconid, that parasit- ized eggs and larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2FFF4D32FFF5FFC1FE12F374FF8CF82C" box="[478,683,1904,1928]" class="Insecta" family="Blastobasidae" genus="Holcocera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="7" pageNumber="6" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="crassicornella">
|
||
<emphasis id="DA8BEAA3FFF5FFC1FE12F374FF8CF82C" box="[478,683,1904,1928]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="6">H. crassicornella</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |