179 lines
19 KiB
XML
179 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" ID-PMC="PMC5523356" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-683-51" ID-Pensoft-UUID="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" ID-PubMed="28769729" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1149788" ID-ZooBank="D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32" ModsDocID="1313-2970-683-51" checkinTime="1502744546974" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Anzaldo, Salvatore S." docDate="2017" docId="6018C389C2A453C3874C0BF063125943" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 683: 51-138" docOrigin="ZooKeys 683" docPubDate="2017-07-07" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080" docTitle="Larides Champion 1906" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" id="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" lastPageNumber="91" masterDocId="FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404" masterDocTitle="Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean" masterLastPageNumber="138" masterPageNumber="51" pageNumber="91" updateTime="1668164589837" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Review of the genera of Conoderinae (Coleoptera, Curculionidae) from North America, Central America, and the Caribbean</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Anzaldo, Salvatore S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation>School of Life Sciences, PO Box 874501, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, 85287 - 4501, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier type="email">sanzaldo@asu.edu</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2017</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2017-07-07</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>683</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>51</mods:start>
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<mods:end>138</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:location>
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<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:url>
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</mods:location>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.683.12080</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-683-51</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">D7FD86CA6374480C821BA10C26CDDF32</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-UUID">FFE5FFF8E647B33FFFFCFF9AFFB0D404</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">1149788</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="182230646" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:6018C389C2A453C3874C0BF063125943" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/6018C389C2A453C3874C0BF063125943" lastPageNumber="91" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName LSID="6018C389-C2A4-53C3-874C-0BF063125943" authority="Champion, 1906 b: 34" authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<pageBreakToken pageId="40" pageNumber="91" start="start">Larides</pageBreakToken>
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Champion, 1906b: 34
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</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Figs 51</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 95–98" captionStartId="F14" captionText="Figures 95 - 98. Lateral and dorsal habitus images of Zygopini. Scale bars = 2 mm unless otherwise specified. 95 a-b Cylindrocopturus quercus [ARTSYS 0000819]; scale bars = 1 mm 96 a-b Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] 97 a-b Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882] 98 a-b Lissoderes subnudus [SSAC 0001136]; scale bars = 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures95–98" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143839" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">, 97</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="type species">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Type species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides cavifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides cavifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Champion, 1906 [by original designation].
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="gender">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Gender.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Masculine.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is distinct from all other zygopine genera treated here with the exception of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with the short, stout, arcuate rostrum that does not extend much beyond the procoxae, more strongly developed ocular lobes that partially cover the eye, and eyes widely separated at the top and strongly concave in between (Fig.
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<figureCitation captionStart="Figures 46–54" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figures 46 - 54. Variation in eye shape. 46 Poecilogaster brevis [ARTSYS 0000805] with relatively vertical, separated eyes 47 Arachnomorpha circumlineata [ARTSYS 0000535] showing subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a broad interocular space 48 Archocopturus medeterae [ASUHIC 0086637] with subcontiguous eyes separated at the top by a thin lanceolate space 49 Cylindrocopturus quercus [ASUHIC 0016905] with vertical, separated eyes 50 Helleriella longicollis [ASUHIC 0065241] with widely separated eyes and a very thin rostrum 51 Larides cavifrons [ASUHIC 0016882], showing a strongly depressed interocular space 52 Male Lissoderes cecropiae [ASUHIC 0064708] showing oval, subcontiguous eyes and an apical antennal insertion on the rostrum 53 Philenis fuscofemorata [ARTSYS 0000659] showing ovoid eyes and slender antennae 54 Zygopsella ruficauda [ARTSYS 0000526] with a sinuous lateral and mesal margin of the eyes which is strongly inflexed at the lower lateral margin." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.683.12080.figures46–54" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/143830" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">51</figureCitation>
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). The antennae are inserted near the middle of the rostrum, the second antennal funicular article is not longer than the first, the mesoventrite is unmodified, and the hind femora are ventrally toothed and faintly carinate in the distal half. The distinction given by
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<bibRefCitation author="Champion, GC" journalOrPublisher="The Canadian Entomologist" pageId="52" pageNumber="103" refId="B20" refString="Champion, GC, 1906b. Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1-136." title="Insecta - Coleoptera - Rhychophora - Curculionidae - Curculioninae (part). In: Champion GC (Ed.) Biologia Centrali-Americana (Vol. 4, part 5). 1 - 136." year="1906 b">Champion (1906b</bibRefCitation>
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: 35) between
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in their original descriptions is that
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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has the eyes "less acuminate below and more widely separated above, the antennal club shorter and relatively stouter, and the prothorax and elytra subtruncate at the base" seem insufficient for generic distinction, especially when considering the intrageneric variation of those characters in other conoderine genera. Both
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are monotypic, but
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides cavifrons" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="cavifrons">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides cavifrons</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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can be easily separated from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas granulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas granulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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Champion by the more strongly depressed interocular space and the metatibial apex that has a premucro oriented along the longitudinal axis of the tibia (at a 45° angle in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas granulatus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="granulatus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas granulatus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="notes">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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Couplet 38 in the below key serves to distinguish the genera
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, few specimens of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Larides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Larides" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Larides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and only one of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were observed in this study. Whether the tibial apex character, which easily separates the observed specimens but was not mentioned by Champion in the original descriptions, will hold for generic distinction when additional specimens and species are observed remains to be seen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="phylogenetic relationships">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phylogenetic relationships.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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Very similar to
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Champion" authorityYear="1906" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Phileas" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Phileas" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Phileas</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and as noted by R.S.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" author="Anderson, RS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="102" pagination="435 - 492" refId="B3" refString="Anderson, RS, 1994. A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 28 (2): 435 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" title="A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" volume="28" year="1994">Anderson (1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 486) they are possibly congeneric, but insufficient material has been observed to comment further. Both genera share with the South American
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Schonherr" authorityYear="1838" class="Insecta" family="Curculionidae" genus="Timorus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF,CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Timorus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Timorus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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the short, robust rostrum, ocular lobes that are more developed than in other genera, and similarly shaped eyes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="host">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Host associations.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">
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R.S.
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<bibRefCitation DOI="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" author="Anderson, RS" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Natural History" pageId="51" pageNumber="102" pagination="435 - 492" refId="B3" refString="Anderson, RS, 1994. A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae). Journal of Natural History 28 (2): 435 - 492, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" title="A review of New World weevils associated with Viscaceae (mistletoes [in part]) including descriptions of new genera and new species (Coleoptera: Curculionidae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1080/00222939400770201" volume="28" year="1994">Anderson (1994</bibRefCitation>
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: 486) reports specimens collected on the mistletoe
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.F.P.Martius" authorityYear="1830" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Loranthaceae" genus="Struthanthus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Struthanthus" order="Santalales" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Struthanthus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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prob.
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<emphasis italics="true" pageId="40" pageNumber="91">quercicola</emphasis>
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(Schltdl. & Cham.) D.Don (
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<taxonomicName authorityName="C.F.P.Martius" authorityYear="1830" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Loranthaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Santalales" pageId="40" pageNumber="91" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Loranthaceae</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="described species">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Described species.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">One.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="40" pageNumber="91" type="range">
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Range.</paragraph>
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<paragraph pageId="40" pageNumber="91">Mexico.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |