743 lines
86 KiB
XML
743 lines
86 KiB
XML
<document id="9EB30B3097BDBBCDCF8F6AAC7DAA543F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.178262" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1e0d8fe7-c14a-4656-9d00-01cb0f0459d1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="178262" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1459887736160" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Coloma, Luis A., Lötters, Stefan, Duellman, William E. & Miranda-Leiva, Alfonso" docDate="2007" docId="5A5FD25BFA21FF46FF5200C76709BF4E" docLanguage="en" docName="zt01557p032.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 1557" docStyle="DocumentStyle:6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0.4:Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleId="6581673A57F01A3145754A1E615EDFF0" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2007-2008.journal_article" docStyleVersion="4" docTitle="Atelopus pachydermus Schmidt 1857" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="11" masterDocId="A666AA23FA22FF4CFFC50640634CBD0C" masterDocTitle="A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="4" updateTime="1698227910820" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:titleInfo id="737F5026034663135735A9812F4A6118">
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<mods:title id="4FB0B3A430FECEF68AC754CD8362D25E">A taxonomic revision of Atelopus pachydermus, and description of two new (extinct?) species of Atelopus from Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="70241A29F8A90FD1603F47378B91B81F" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="C48B7D85DA4AFCB02118D190CA8AE369">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E7F25016431E38B362E787596423AD9C">Coloma, Luis A.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="4FDBD99A1DE5A1FF718977CFF8576EDC">Lötters, Stefan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="01CD5DF397268702B7CF9280386233EE" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="03F7867C53435184FB33C9460228827C">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C5C2EDB9F3617F205A1D82D3562BA03E">Duellman, William E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="56EA5B458808B63D59A4F62DB87A8999">Miranda-Leiva, Alfonso</mods:namePart>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="7C7CE87CB3004D67202C471351B43F56">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C0DCF1A724A1DBFEA3AB43376559553A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="F30B504B2B3EEE019F61626D0A9AABA9">
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<mods:date id="C64793EDD711D7117FD79052D39265AD">2007</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="00B5381963910BC5267B3F1B1DEEE6C2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="07BE6131C5306931C4435254A1A1BDA8">1557</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="C0F5D9FBD4B3E4CB04BBD59C56EA1D76" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.178262</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="C2AA18B46B66EADA9A8780DC076C2E88" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="5A5FD25BFA21FF46FF5200C76709BF4E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5621397" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119371719" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5621397" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:5A5FD25BFA21FF46FF5200C76709BF4E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/5A5FD25BFA21FF46FF5200C76709BF4E" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF5200C76139BBAD" box="[151,629,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5200C76139BBAD" blockId="3.[151,629,1671,1697]" box="[151,629,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
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<heading id="8901D421FA21FF4FFF5200C76139BBAD" bold="true" box="[151,629,1671,1697]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" reason="1">
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||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5200C76139BBAD" ID-CoL="J8ZW" authority="Schmidt, 1857" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,629,1671,1697]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5200C76139BBAD" bold="true" box="[151,629,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5200C762E5BBAD" bold="true" box="[151,425,1671,1697]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFE7D00C76121BBAD" author="Schmidt" box="[440,621,1671,1697]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmidt, O. (1857) Diagnosen neuer Frosche des Zoologischen Cabinets zu Krakau. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 24, 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1857">Schmidt, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF5200926754BA25" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5200926651BBE5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,1309,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF5200926651BBE5" box="[151,1309,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5200926179BBE5" ID-CoL="76ZTJ" authority="Schmidt, 1857:15" authorityName="Schmidt" authorityPageNumber="15" authorityYear="1857" box="[151,565,1746,1769]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phirix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5200926222BBE5" box="[151,366,1746,1769]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phirix pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFEB000926179BBE5" author="Schmidt" box="[373,565,1746,1769]" page="15" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1857">
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<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFEB00092615BBBE5" author="Schmidt" box="[373,535,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmidt, O. (1857) Diagnosen neuer Frosche des Zoologischen Cabinets zu Krakau. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 24, 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1857">Schmidt, 1857</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:15
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA21FF4FFD85009261EBBBE5" box="[576,679,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
: KM 1013/1356 from “Neu-Granada”;
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFB8E00926655BBE5" author="Schmidt" box="[1099,1305,1746,1769]" page="257" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1858">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFB8E009267A5BBE5" author="Schmidt" box="[1099,1257,1746,1769]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmidt, O. (1858) Deliciae herpetologicae musei zoologici cracoviensis. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 14, 237 - 258." type="journal article" year="1858">Schmidt, 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:257
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5200B26007BA05" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,843,1778,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF5200B26007BA05" box="[151,843,1778,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5200B261DCBA05" ID-CoL="4GVXD" authority="Hoffmann, 1878:635" authorityName="Hoffmann" authorityPageNumber="635" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,656,1778,1801]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5200B262E7BA05" box="[151,427,1778,1801]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phryniscus pachydermus:</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFE7700B261DCBA05" author="Hoffmann" box="[434,656,1778,1801]" page="635" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1878">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFE7700B2612FBA05" author="Hoffmann" box="[434,611,1778,1801]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Hoffmann, C. K. (1878) In Bronn (ed.), Die Klassen und Ordnungen des Thier-Reichs, 6 (2), pp. 635." type="journal article" year="1878">Hoffmann, 1878</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:635
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(by implication).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5201526754BA25" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,1048,1810,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF5201526754BA25" box="[151,1048,1810,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5201526222BA25" ID-CoL="4GVWX" box="[151,366,1810,1833]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5201526222BA25" box="[151,366,1810,1833]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phryniscus cruciger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA21FF4FFE6901526163BA25" box="[428,559,1810,1833]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Martens):
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFD17015260FEBA25" author="Boulenger" box="[722,946,1810,1833]" page="154" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1882">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFD17015260CABA25" author="Boulenger" box="[722,902,1810,1833]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Boulenger, G. A. (1882) Catalogue of the Batrachia Salientia s. Ecaudata in the collection of the British Museum. London: Taylor & Francis. xvi + 495 pp., 30 pl." type="book" year="1882">Boulenger, 1882</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:154
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF520172609CBA45" box="[151,976,1842,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF520172609CBA45" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,976,1842,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF520172609CBA45" box="[151,976,1842,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5201726219BA45" ID-CoL="J8Y3" box="[151,341,1842,1865]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cruciger">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5201726219BA45" box="[151,341,1842,1865]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Atelopus cruciger</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA21FF4FFE560172615BBA45" box="[403,535,1842,1865]" name="Liechtenstein" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Lichtenstein</collectingCountry>
|
||
and Martens):
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFD7C01726027BA45" author="Nieden" box="[697,875,1842,1865]" page="84" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1926">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFD7C01726000BA45" author="Nieden" box="[697,844,1842,1865]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Nieden, F. (1926) Anura II. Das Tierreich. Walter de Gruyter & Co., Berlin and Leipzig, Germany, 110 pp." type="book" year="1926">Nieden, 1926</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:84
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
(partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF52011261F7BA85" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF520112617EBA65" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,562,1874,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF520112617EBA65" box="[151,562,1874,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5201126396BA65" box="[151,218,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Phirix</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF2501126162BA65" ID-CoL="4GVXD" authority="Dunn, 1931:397" authorityName="Dunn" authorityPageNumber="397" authorityYear="1931" box="[224,558,1874,1897]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF250112623BBA65" box="[224,375,1874,1897]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pachydermus:</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFEBB01126162BA65" author="Dunn" box="[382,558,1874,1897]" page="397" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1931">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFEBB011262B2BA65" author="Dunn" box="[382,510,1874,1897]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1931) New frogs from Panama and Costa Rica. Occasional Papers of the Boston Society of Natural History, 5, 385 - 401." type="journal article" year="1931">Dunn, 1931</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:397
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF52013261F7BA85" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,699,1906,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF52013261F7BA85" box="[151,699,1906,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF520132623DBA85" ID-CoL="J92Y" box="[151,369,1906,1929]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="subornatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF520132623DBA85" box="[151,369,1906,1929]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Atelopus subornatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(non Werner):
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFDD1013261FBBA85" author="Dunn" box="[532,695,1906,1929]" page="81" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1944">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFDD1013261D5BA85" author="Dunn" box="[532,665,1906,1929]" pageId="3" pageNumber="29" refString="Dunn, E. R. (1944) Herpetology of the Bogota area. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 6, 68 - 81." type="journal article" year="1944">Dunn, 1944</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:81
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF5201D26123BAA5" box="[151,623,1938,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5201D26123BAA5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" box="[151,623,1938,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5201D26247BAA5" box="[151,267,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">A.[telopus]</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFEC901D26127BAA5" authority="Rivero, 1963:107" authorityName="Rivero" authorityPageNumber="107" authorityYear="1963" box="[268,619,1938,1961]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phryniscus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFEC901D262EBBAA5" box="[268,423,1938,1961]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">pachydermus:</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFE6801D26171BAA5" author="Rivero" box="[429,573,1938,1961]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1963) Five new species of Atelopus from Colombia, with notes on other forms from Colombia and Ecuador. Caribbean Journal of Science, 3, 103 - 124." type="journal article" year="1963">Rivero, 1963</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:107
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA21FF4FFF5201F2626ABAE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA21FF4FFF5201F2626ABAE5" blockId="3.[151,1436,1746,2025]" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="F2E64463FA21FF4FFF5201F2626ABAE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA21FF4FFF5201F26119BAC5" ID-CoL="J8ZW" authority="Rivero, 1965:138" authorityName="Rivero" authorityPageNumber="138" authorityYear="1965" box="[151,597,1970,1993]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA21FF4FFF5201F262DFBAC5" box="[151,403,1970,1993]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="4">Atelopus pachydermus:</emphasis>
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFE5F01F26119BAC5" author="Rivero" box="[410,597,1970,1993]" page="138" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1965">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFE5F01F26164BAC5" author="Rivero" box="[410,552,1970,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Rivero, J. A. (1965) Notes on the Andean salientian (Amphibia) Atelopus ignescens (Cornalia). Caribbean Journal of Science, 5, 137 - 140." type="journal article" year="1965">Rivero, 1965</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:138
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(partim);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFD0601F26024BAC5" author="Peters" box="[707,872,1970,1993]" page="34" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1973">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFD0601F26004BAC5" author="Peters" box="[707,840,1970,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="31" refString="Peters, J. A. (1973) The frog genus Atelopus in Ecuador (Anura: Bufonidae). Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 145, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="1973">Peters, 1973</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:34
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–37 (partim);
|
||
<treatmentCitation id="5357455CFA21FF4FFC3A01F267E1BAC5" author="Lotters" box="[1023,1197,1970,1993]" page="39" pageId="3" pageNumber="4" year="1996">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA21FF4FFC3A01F267C2BAC5" author="Lotters" box="[1023,1166,1970,1993]" pageId="3" pageNumber="30" refString="Lotters, S. (1996) The Neotropical Toad Genus Atelopus. Checklist - Biology - Distribution. M. Vences & F. Glaw, Cologne, Germany, 143 pp." type="book" year="1996">Lötters, 1996</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:39
|
||
</treatmentCitation>
|
||
–40 (partim), 2005:97 (partim).
|
||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA26FF48FF0306D76662BC5E" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA26FF48FF0306D76662BC5E" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FF0306D76289BDBD" bold="true" box="[198,453,151,177]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Referred specimens.</emphasis>
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA26FF48FE0806D8614BBDBE" box="[461,519,152,178]" name="Peru" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FDD106D86122BDBE" box="[532,622,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
6524 from Camporedondo, Departamento Amazonas;
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FB3F06D86618BDBE" box="[1274,1364,152,178]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
(field number 890081a),
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FEBB06806294BDD6" box="[382,472,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
(field number 890085),
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FCC20680602DBDD6" box="[775,865,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
13810–12,
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FC3006806703BDD6" box="[1013,1103,192,218]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MUSM</collectionCode>
|
||
5984, 6507 collected from nearby Grutas of Parque Nacional Cutervo, Departamento Cajamarca, obtained on
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA26FF48FBB906A86641BC0E" box="[1148,1293,232,258]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1984-03">March 1984</date>
|
||
by Alfonso Miranda-Leiva;
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA26FF48FE93075062F0BC26" box="[342,444,272,298]" name="Ecuador" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectionCode id="B4E7FB88FA26FF48FE020750616DBC26" box="[455,545,272,298]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/2jyg-xmd2" name="Museum d'Histoire Naturelle" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">MHNG</collectionCode>
|
||
2259.8–9 from Valladolid-Yangana, approximately
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA26FF48FB4607506797BC26" box="[1155,1243,272,298]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level, Provincia Zamora Chinchipe, obtained on
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA26FF48FD4D07786004BC5E" box="[648,840,312,338]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" value="1985-09">September 1985</date>
|
||
by Giovanni Onore and Luis A. Coloma.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA26FF48FF02071F60C8BE03" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA26FF48FF02071F60C8BE03" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FF02071F620BBC75" bold="true" box="[199,327,351,377]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
|
||
(1) A large species with mean SVL in adult males
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA26FF48FC700720676CBC76" box="[949,1056,352,378]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="51.3">51.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
(44.2–56.4,
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FB7C07206784BC75" box="[1209,1224,352,377]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 7) and in adult females 55.9–61.6 (
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FE4407C862DCBCAD" box="[385,400,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 2); (2) hind limbs short, tibiotarsal articulation reaching to temporal region, when leg carried forward along body (tibia length/SVL = 0.375–0.439,
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FCA907F06037BCC5" box="[876,891,432,457]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">n</emphasis>
|
||
= 9); (3) phalangeal formula of hand 2–2–3–3 (suspected from external examination), basal webbing absent; (4) foot webbing formula
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FB6F079A67F9BCF8" bold="true" box="[1194,1205,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I</emphasis>
|
||
(0+)—(1- to 1+)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FAA1079A6637BCF8" bold="true" box="[1380,1403,474,500]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</emphasis>
|
||
(0+ to 1-)—(1 to 2+)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FE950445623EBF13" bold="true" box="[336,370,517,543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">III</emphasis>
|
||
(1 to 2-)—(2+ to 3)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FD8904456121BF13" bold="true" box="[588,621,517,543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IV</emphasis>
|
||
(2 to 3+)—(0+ to 1-)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FC8A0445602EBF13" bold="true" box="[847,866,517,543]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V</emphasis>
|
||
; (5) snout acuminate, with tip gently rounded in dorsal view; upper jaw slightly protruding beyond lower; (6) tympanic membrane absent; (7) dorsum with widely scattered or dense well-defined, rounded warts; (8) scattered spiculae on posterior and ventrolateral surfaces of body or absent; (9) vertebral neural processes inconspicuous; (10) dorsum yellow with dark brown pattern of marks, blotches and/or lines (dorsum cream, tan, or olive with pale to dark brown pattern in preservative); (11) venter white, occasionally orange or red (venter tan to yellow with pale to dark brown blotches in preservative); (12) gular region without warts, spiculae, or coni.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA26FF48FF02055E6244B943" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="reference_group">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA26FF48FF02055E6244B943" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FF02055E629EBE3B" ID-CoL="J8ZW" box="[199,466,798,823]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FF02055E629EBE3B" box="[199,466,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distinguished from all
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FCC6055E6026BE3B" ID-CoL="34W6" box="[771,874,798,823]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FCC6055E6026BE3B" box="[771,874,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelopus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by its large size, except
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FB55055E6398BE53" ID-CoL="J8XP" authority="Peracca, 1904" authorityName="Peracca" authorityYear="1904" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FB55055E667DBE3B" box="[1168,1329,798,823]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FAFF055D6398BE53" author="Peracca" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="31" pageId="4" pageNumber="30" refString="Peracca, M. G. (1904) Viaggio del Dr. Enrico Festa nell'Ecuador e regioni vicine: rettili ed amfibii. Bolletino dei Musei di Zoologia ed Anatomia Comparata della Universita di Torino 19 (465): 1 - 41." type="journal article" year="1904">Peracca, 1904</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FF26050661D2BE53" ID-CoL="J8XF" authority="Rueda-Almonacid, 1994" authorityName="Rueda-Almonacid" authorityYear="1994" box="[227,670,837,863]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arsyecue">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FF2605066223BE53" box="[227,367,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. arsyecue</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FEBC050561D2BE53" author="Rueda-Almonacid" box="[377,670,837,863]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (1994) Una nueva especie de Atelopus Dumeril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) para la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Trianea, 5, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1994">Rueda-Almonacid, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FD24050662C9BE8B" ID-CoL="J8YY" authority="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo and Hernandez-Camacho, 1994" authorityName="Ruiz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo and Hernandez-Camacho" authorityYear="1994" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laetissimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FD24050660CBBE53" box="[737,903,838,863]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. laetissimus</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FC54050562C9BE8B" author="Ruiz-Carranza" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., Ardila-Robayo, M. C. & Hernandez-Camacho, J. I. (1994) Tres nuevas especies de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 19, 153 - 163." type="journal article" year="1994">Ruíz-Carranza, Ardila-Robayo and Hernández-Camacho, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. It differs from all of them by a different color pattern.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FBCA052E67B0BE8B" ID-CoL="J8XP" box="[1039,1276,878,903]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FBCA052E67B0BE8B" box="[1039,1276,878,903]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelopus boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually has a uniform dorsum, and is larger than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FDF405D661A1BEA3" ID-CoL="J8ZW" box="[561,749,918,943]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FDF405D661A1BEA3" box="[561,749,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(mean female SVL of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FC3205D667DABEA3" ID-CoL="J8XP" box="[1015,1174,918,943]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="boulengeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FC3205D667DABEA3" box="[1015,1174,918,943]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. boulengeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[after data in
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FAF205D56399BEDB" author="Coloma" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" refString="Coloma, L. A. (1997) Morphology, systematics and phylogenetic relationships among frogs of the genus Atelopus (Anura: Bufonidae). Ph. D. dissertation, Lawrence, University of Kansas, 287 pp." type="book" year="1997">Coloma, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
]) = 65.9
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FE8005FE6229BEDB" box="[325,357,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">vs.</emphasis>
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA26FF48FEAB05FD6148BEDB" box="[366,516,957,983]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.4922499999999999" metricValueMax="1.56464" metricValueMin="1.41986" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="in" value="58.75" valueMax="61.6" valueMin="55.9">55.9–61.6 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FDC805FE6180BEDB" ID-CoL="J8ZW" box="[525,716,958,983]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FDC805FE6180BEDB" box="[525,716,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">A. pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FD2205FE60F3BEDB" ID-CoL="J8XF" box="[743,959,958,983]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="arsyecue">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FD2205FE60F3BEDB" box="[743,959,958,983]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelopus arsyecue</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has large white, cream, creamy-yellow, round or elongated marks (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FE1505A561B9BEF3" author="Rueda-Almonacid" box="[464,757,997,1023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Rueda-Almonacid, J. V. (1994) Una nueva especie de Atelopus Dumeril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Anura: Bufonidae) para la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Trianea, 5, 101 - 108." type="journal article" year="1994">Rueda-Almonacid, 1994</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FCC505A5677BBEF3" author="Renjifo" box="[768,1079,997,1023]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Renjifo, J. M. & Renjifo, C. (2005) Atelopus arsyecue. In Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T., & Angulo, A. (Eds.), Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, pp. 57." type="book chapter" year="2005">Renjifo and Renjifo, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:57).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA26FF48FBAB05A66616BEF3" box="[1134,1370,998,1023]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="laettisimus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FBAB05A66616BEF3" box="[1134,1370,998,1023]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Atelopus laettisimus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a reticulated pattern usually bearing an X-mark on the anterior dorsum (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FC34024D6674B92B" author="Ruiz-Carranza" box="[1009,1336,1037,1063]" pageId="4" pageNumber="31" refString="Ruiz-Carranza, P. M., Ardila-Robayo, M. C. & Hernandez-Camacho, J. I. (1994) Tres nuevas especies de Atelopus A. M. C. Dumeril & Bibron 1841 (Amphibia: Bufonidae) de la Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, Colombia. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 19, 153 - 163." type="journal article" year="1994">
|
||
Ruíz-Carranza
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FB6C024E67A4B92B" box="[1193,1256,1038,1063]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 1994
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA26FF48FA8D024D6395B943" author="Galvis" pageId="4" pageNumber="29" refString="Galvis, P. A. (2005) Atelopus laetissimus. In Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T. & Angulo, A. (Eds.), Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, pp. 83. Gray, P. (1983) Morphometrics of the Atelopus ignescens Complex (Anura: Bufonidae). M. S. Thesis, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, U. S. A." type="journal article" year="2005">Galvis, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:83).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA26FF44FF02021D614CBCAE" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA26FF48FF02021D61A6BA2F" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FF02021D62B8B97B" bold="true" box="[199,500,1117,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Description of
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA26FF48FE47021D62A3B97B" box="[386,495,1117,1143]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Adult male (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4ACD7FC8FA26FF48FD56021E6194B974" box="[659,728,1118,1144]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1247,1271]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,437,1220]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1433,437,1220]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Atelopus pachydermus (KM 1013 / 1356). Male, SVL = 52.9 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178263/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), well preserved; original colors apparently bleached; forearm twice as thick proximally as distally; keratinized areas on thumb. Head slightly longer than wide; head length and head width each less than one third SVL; snout acuminate, tip of snout with swollen gland, rounded in dorsal view, slightly protruding beyond anterior margin of the jaw in profile; nostrils not protuberant, barely visible from above, situated slightly behind level of apex of lower jaw; canthus rostralis distinct, convex from tip of snout to nostril, concave from nostril to eye, swollen posteriorly; loreal region concave, upper lip slightly flared, interorbital and occipital regions flat, smooth, eyelid flared without distinct tubercles; postorbital crest glandular; tympanic membrane absent; choanae minute, rounded; tongue twice as long as wide, broader anteriorly, less than its posterior half not attached to mouth’s floor. Forearm relatively short, length of forearm less than one third SVL; metacarpal tubercles distinct, round, outer about twice size of somewhat weaker inner; few weak supernumerary tubercles present; subarticular tubercles at joints of fingers IV and V; digital tips slightly broadened, with round pads; thumb relatively short, more than half length of hand, apparently having two phalanges; nuptial pads on inner or dorsal thumb absent; basal webbing and fringes on fingers absent; relative length of fingers II<III<V<IV. Tibia relatively short, 39 % of SVL; no fold on distal half of inner edge of tarsus; metatarsal tubercles distinct, rounded outer slightly larger than ovoid inner; supernumerary tubercles absent; subarticular tubercles present at joints of toes III–V, digital pads distinct; toe webbing formula
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FE1300A062A0BBF6" bold="true" box="[470,492,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">I(</emphasis>
|
||
0+)—(1)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FD8900A0612FBBF6" bold="true" box="[588,611,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">II</emphasis>
|
||
(0+)—(2)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FD0B00A061B6BBF6" bold="true" box="[718,762,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">III(</emphasis>
|
||
2-)—(3)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FC9200A0603BBBF6" bold="true" box="[855,887,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">IV</emphasis>
|
||
(3+)—(0+)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA26FF48FC2900A060B1BBF6" bold="true" box="[1004,1021,1760,1786]" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">V</emphasis>
|
||
, webbing always becoming fringelike distally; relative length of toes I<II<III<V<IV.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA26FF49FF0201716043BDBE" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,2027]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,152,378]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="5">
|
||
Dorsum smooth, flanks wrinkled, both with scattered, round, flattened warts about
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA26FF48FB5E017167ACBA47" box="[1179,1248,1841,1867]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="5" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
in diameter (no conspicuous spiculae); no warts on dorsum of head (present up to squamosal region) and sides of head including temporal region (warts behind angle of jaw and on postorbital crest). Wrinkling and warts on dorsum of upper arm, elbow, femur and knee. Ventral surfaces slightly wrinkled, without warts, spiculae or coni, except for smooth forearm and entire leg. Cloaca opening an inconspicuous tube slightly above midlevel of thighs, directed posteriorly; no warts around cloacal opening.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA27FF49FF02068060F5BC76" blockId="5.[151,1437,152,378]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
In preservative (~70% ethanol;
|
||
<figureCitation id="4ACD7FC8FA27FF49FDFD06806137BDD6" box="[568,635,192,218]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="5.[151,255,1247,1271]" captionTargetBox="[153,1433,437,1220]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[153,1433,437,1220]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 1. Holotype of Atelopus pachydermus (KM 1013 / 1356). Male, SVL = 52.9 mm." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178263/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
|
||
), dorsally and ventrally cream, with pale brown almost symmetrical linear pattern and some pale brown warts on dorsum. Pale brown, round blotch (about diameter of eye) each on thigh, shank, inner and outer heel, foot, ventral tibia, proximal metatarsus, and elbow (on dorsal parts of hind limbs, blotches may be duplicate); upper thumb light brown, ventral femur, and entire rest of arm and hand cream. Pale brown area below cloaca; nares cream; eyes black.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="868933C5FA27FF49FF52029F6717B9FA" box="[151,1115,1247,1271]" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178263/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" targetBox="[153,1433,437,1220]" targetPageId="5">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA27FF49FF52029F6717B9FA" blockId="5.[151,1115,1247,1271]" box="[151,1115,1247,1271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FF52029F6255B9FB" bold="true" box="[151,281,1247,1271]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">FIGURE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA27FF49FE63029F61D5B9FA" box="[422,665,1247,1270]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FE63029F61D5B9FA" box="[422,665,1247,1270]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(KM 1013/1356). Male, SVL = 52.9 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA27FF49FF020369603AB860" blockId="5.[151,1436,1321,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FF020369629DB84F" bold="true" box="[199,465,1321,1347]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Measurements (mm).</emphasis>
|
||
SVL 52.9, TIBL 20.7, FOOT 23.5, HLSQ 14.9, HDWD 15.2, EYDM 4.6, EYNO 3.7, ITNA 4.5, SW 15.6, RDUL 16.7, HAND 14.8, THBL 9.3.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA27FF49FF020339667BBA7B" blockId="5.[151,1436,1321,1911]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FF0203396208B89F" bold="true" box="[199,324,1401,1427]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Variation.</emphasis>
|
||
Meristic variation of seven adult males (including
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA27FF49FC5E033A674FB898" box="[923,1027,1402,1428]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
) and two females is given in
|
||
<tableCitation id="9F7456F6FA27FF49FA9E033A63EBB8B0" captionStart="TABLE 1" captionStartId="6.[151,239,151,175]" captionTargetBox="[159,1423,432,1521]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="TABLE 1. Measurements of Atelopus petersi and A. pachydermus, respectively. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma et al. (2000). They are: SVL = snout-vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ = head length; HDWD = head width; EY DM = eye diameter; EYNO = eyenostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; HAND = hand length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/868933C5FA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" tableUuid="868933C5FA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35">Table 1</tableCitation>
|
||
. Two juveniles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA27FF49FE5B03E2614CB8B0" box="[414,512,1442,1468]" name="Ecuador" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MHNG 2259.8–9) have SVL 29.7 and 21.7, respectively. They are tentatively assigned to
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FEE7038A6178B8EF" box="[290,564,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA27FF49FEE7038A617CB8EF" box="[290,560,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">Atelopus pachydermus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
All specimens resemble the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA27FF49FC43038A60BCB8E8" box="[902,1008,1482,1508]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. The two available females (MUSM 5984, 6524) are larger than the males; the forearm of females is not swollen; nuptial pads, present in adult males (but absent in MUSM 6507), cover dorsum and inner margins of Finger II. The number of warts is more or fewer than in the
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA27FF49FE56000262B1BB50" box="[403,509,1602,1628]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
. Warts, and spiculae are highly visible. In MUSM 6524 spiculae are present behind the eye, on posterior part of dorsum and on the thighs, and in MUSM 13812 also ventrolaterally on the body. In some specimens warts are present in the interorbital region, but never anterior to it; laterally warts are present in the temporal region; warts also are present around the cloaca opening. In MUSM 5984 (female) some warts are present on the chest, and in MUSM (field number 890085, male) warts are present on the chest and the ventral surfaces of the thighs. Subarticular tubercles are present on joints of phalanges of all toes and fingers. Scattered supernumerary tubercles are present on the soles and palms of all individuals. Foot webbing ranges as follows:
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FEB7011C6231BA7A" bold="true" box="[370,381,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">I</emphasis>
|
||
(0+)—(1- to 1+)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FDEF011C610DBA7A" bold="true" box="[554,577,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">II</emphasis>
|
||
(0+ to 1-)—(1 to 2+)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FCE6011C6009BA7A" bold="true" box="[803,837,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">III</emphasis>
|
||
(1 to 2-)—(2+ to 3)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FBD8011C6772BA7A" bold="true" box="[1053,1086,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">IV</emphasis>
|
||
(2 to 3+)—(0+ to 1-)
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA27FF49FADA011C667CBA7A" bold="true" box="[1311,1328,1884,1910]" pageId="5" pageNumber="6">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="868933C5FA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35" ID-Table-UUID="868933C5FA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/868933C5FA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" targetBox="[159,1423,432,1521]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="6">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA24FF4AFF5206D761F8BC35" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,313]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFF5206D76246BDA3" bold="true" box="[151,266,151,175]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TABLE 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Measurements of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA24FF4AFE1006D861C8BDA3" box="[469,644,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFE1006D861C8BDA3" box="[469,644,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Atelopus petersi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA24FF4AFD7F06D8602BBDA3" box="[698,871,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFD7F06D8602BBDA3" box="[698,871,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">A. pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, respectively. Mean ± one SD, and range are given. Abbreviations follow Gray and Cannatella (1985) and Coloma
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFCFD06FA6022BDDD" box="[824,878,186,209]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2000). They are: SVL = snout-vent length; TIBL = tibia length; FOOT = footh length; HLSQ= head length; HDWD = head width; EY DM = eye diameter; EYNO = eyenostril distance; ITNA = Internarial distance; RDUL = radio-ulna length; HAND = hand length; THBL = thumb length; SW = sacrum width. All measurements are in mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA24FF4AFE9D071A679FBC7D" blockId="6.[344,1423,346,412]" box="[344,1235,346,369]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFE9D071A679FBC7D" box="[344,1235,346,369]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA24FF4AFE9D071A6148BC7D" box="[344,516,346,369]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="petersi">Atelopus petersi</taxonomicName>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA24FF4AFC27071A679FBC7D" box="[994,1235,346,369]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">Atelopus pachydermus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA24FF4BFE9D07C5665ABC0E" blockId="6.[344,1423,346,412]" lastBlockId="7.[151,1436,152,258]" lastPageId="7" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
Provincia Napo Provincia Chimborazo Departamentos Cajamarca & Amazonas
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA24FF4AFF020157610BBA3D" bold="true" box="[199,583,1815,1841]" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Color variation in preservative</emphasis>
|
||
(~70% ethanol): Dorsum and venter color pattern variation is depicted in
|
||
<figureCitation id="4ACD7FC8FA24FF4AFF52010063B0BA56" box="[151,252,1856,1882]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="7.[151,255,1925,1949]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,314,1901]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[264,1323,314,1901]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 2. Color pattern variation of dorsum and venter of Atelopus pachydermus. Specimens are those listed under Referred specimens from Peru plus one individual (lower row at center), unnumbered at MUSM, which was neither measured nor examined in detail here." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178264/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Figure 2</figureCitation>
|
||
. The dorsum is tan or olive with a pale to dark brown pattern, or blackish brown with tan to pale yellow pattern. The dorsal pattern consists of irregular or semi-symmetrical markings, blotches and/or lines; the anterior head, or at least its periphery, and most parts of the feet and hands are tan or pale yellow. The arms and legs are tan or olive with pale to dark brown semi-symmetrical dots and blotches, or blackish brown with tan or pale yellow markings. The venter is tan or yellow with few irregular pale to dark brown markings, most evident on the posterior part of the belly (at least brown markings below the cloaca); legs and arms always with markings, sole and palm in part or without markings, tarsal tubercles usually uniform yellow.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA24FF4AFE9D07F06670B8C3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="A0F691EDFA2400B3FF5A07F066C3B8FD" box="[159,1423,432,1521]" gridcols="4" gridrows="13" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A07F066C3BCCB" box="[159,1423,432,455]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7" rowspan-0="1">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D07F0603CBCCB" box="[344,880,432,455]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Males (n = 16) Females (n = 7) Females (n = 3)</th>
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2707F0673EBCCB" box="[994,1138,432,455]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Males (n = 7)</th>
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A07F066C3BCCB" box="[1215,1423,432,455]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">Females (n = 2)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A079A66C3BF3B" box="[159,1423,474,567]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A079A63BEBF3B" box="[159,242,474,567]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D079A603CBF3B" box="[344,880,474,567]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">38.9 ± 2.0 46.1 ± 2.08 45.6 ± 3.3 (35.2–42.1) (43.5–50.2) (43.3–49.3) (n = 8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27079A673EBF3B" box="[994,1138,474,567]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">51.3 ± 3.9 (44.2–56.4)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A079A66C3BF3B" box="[1215,1423,474,567]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">58.8 (55.9– 61.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A040A66C3BF88" box="[159,1423,586,644]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A040A63BEBF88" box="[159,242,586,644]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TIBL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D040A603CBF88" box="[344,880,586,644]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">14.6 ± 1.14 16.5 ± 1.3 16.9 ± 0.8 (13.1–17.2) (14.2–17.9) (16.2–17.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27040A673EBF88" box="[994,1138,586,644]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.2 ± 1.16 (19.4–23.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A040A66C3BF88" box="[1215,1423,586,644]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">22.8 (22.4–23.1)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A04D866C3BFDD" box="[159,1423,664,721]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A04D863BEBFDD" box="[159,242,664,721]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">FOOT</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D04D8603CBFDD" box="[344,880,664,721]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.9 ± 1.6 18.7 ± 1.1 16.6 ± 2.9 (13.8–18.4) (16.8–19.9) (14.7–19.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2704D8673EBFDD" box="[994,1138,664,721]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">21.6 ± 1.86 (19.0–23.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A04D866C3BFDD" box="[1215,1423,664,721]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">23.3 (22.9–23.6)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A04A566C3BE13" box="[159,1423,741,799]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A04A563BEBE13" box="[159,242,741,799]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">HLSQ</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D04A5603CBE13" box="[344,880,741,799]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.7 ± 0.7 13.3 ± 0.7 13.1 ± 1.7 (10.5–12.8) (12.2–14.3) (11.5–14.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2704A5673EBE13" box="[994,1138,741,799]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.4 ± 1.38 (14.1–17.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A04A566C3BE13" box="[1215,1423,741,799]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.1 (16.9–17.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A057266C3BE60" box="[159,1423,818,876]" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A057263BEBE60" box="[159,242,818,876]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">HDWD</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D0572603CBE60" box="[344,880,818,876]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.7 ± 0.8 12.9 ± 0.8 12.3 ± 1.3 (10.4–13.1) (12.0–14.0) (11.0–13.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC270572673EBE60" box="[994,1138,818,876]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.6 ± 0.97 (13.8–16.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A057266C3BE60" box="[1215,1423,818,876]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.6 (16.4–16.7)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A05C066C3BED0" box="[159,1423,896,988]" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A05C063BEBED0" box="[159,242,896,988]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">EYDM</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D05C0603CBED0" box="[344,880,896,988]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.7 ± 0.3 4.5 ± 0.7 4.4 ± 0.7 (3.3–4.1) (4.4–4.5) (3.9–5.2) (n = 8) (n = 2)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2705C0673EBED0" box="[994,1138,896,988]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.1 ± 0.51 (4.3–5.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A05C066C3BED0" box="[1215,1423,896,988]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.1 (4.7–5.5)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A05B066C3B925" box="[159,1423,1008,1065]" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A05B063BEB925" box="[159,242,1008,1065]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">EYNO</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D05B0603CB925" box="[344,880,1008,1065]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">2.8 ± 0.1 (2.7–2.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2705B0673EB925" box="[994,1138,1008,1065]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.7 ± 0.38 (3.2–4.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A05B066C3B925" box="[1215,1423,1008,1065]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">3.8 (3.6–4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A027D66C3B97B" box="[159,1423,1085,1143]" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A027D63BEB97B" box="[159,242,1085,1143]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">ITNA</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D027D603CB97B" box="[344,880,1085,1143]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.3 ± 0.6 4.5 ± 0.6 4.6 ± 0.2 (3.5–5.4) (3.4–5.1) (4.4–4.7)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27027D673EB97B" box="[994,1138,1085,1143]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">4.6 ± 0.27 (4.2–5.1)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A027D66C3B97B" box="[1215,1423,1085,1143]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">5.15 (4.9–5.4)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A02CA66C3B9C8" box="[159,1423,1162,1220]" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A02CA63BEB9C8" box="[159,242,1162,1220]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RDUL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D02CA603CB9C8" box="[344,880,1162,1220]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">11.4 ± 1.3 13.8 ± 1.7 12.9 ± 1.1 (9.6–14.9) (11.6–17.2) (12.2–14.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2702CA673EB9C8" box="[994,1138,1162,1220]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.1 ± 1.02 (14.9–17.9)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A02CA66C3B9C8" box="[1215,1423,1162,1220]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">17.8 (17.3–18.3</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A029866C3B81D" box="[159,1423,1240,1297]" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A029863BEB81D" box="[159,242,1240,1297]" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">HAND</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D0298603CB81D" box="[344,880,1240,1297]" gridcol="1" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10.0 ± 0.75 12.1 ± 0.8 11.1 ± 1.0 (8.7–11.3) (10.9–12.9) (10.3–12.3)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC270298673EB81D" box="[994,1138,1240,1297]" gridcol="2" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">13.8 ± 0.98 (12.5–15.2)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A029866C3B81D" box="[1215,1423,1240,1297]" gridcol="3" gridrow="10" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">15.7 (15.4–15.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A036566C3B88D" box="[159,1423,1317,1409]" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A036563BEB88D" box="[159,242,1317,1409]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">THBL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D0365603CB88D" box="[344,880,1317,1409]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">6.4 ± 0.5 7.8 ± 0.8 7.4 ± 0.9 (5.6–7.2) (6.7–8.7) (6.6–8.4) (n = 13)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC270365673EB88D" box="[994,1138,1317,1409]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">8.7 ± 0.54 (8.0–9.5)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A036566C3B88D" box="[1215,1423,1317,1409]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">10.1 (9.9–10.3)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A03D566C3B8FD" box="[159,1423,1429,1521]" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A03D563BEB8FD" box="[159,242,1429,1521]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">SW</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D03D5603CB8FD" box="[344,880,1429,1521]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">12.6 ± 1.61 13.8 ± 0.1 12.5 ± 2.3 (10.7–15.3) (12.4–14.9) (9.9–14.0) (n = 8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2703D5673EB8FD" box="[994,1138,1429,1521]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">16.8 ± 1.36 (15.1–18.8)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FB7A03D566C3B8FD" box="[1215,1423,1429,1521]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">19 (17.1–20.9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA24FF4AFF5A0045661BBBCB" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<table id="A0F691EDFA2400B3FF5A004566C3BBCB" box="[159,1423,1541,1735]" gridcols="3" gridrows="5" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A004566C3BB10" box="[159,1423,1541,1564]" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A00456275BB10" box="[159,313,1541,1564]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">TIBL/SVL</th>
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D00456197BB10" box="[344,731,1541,1564]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.370 ± 0.019 (0.327–0.420, n = 26)</th>
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27004566C3BB10" box="[994,1423,1541,1564]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.408 ± 0.020 (0.375–0.439, n = 9)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A007066C3BB4B" box="[159,1423,1584,1607]" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A00706275BB4B" box="[159,313,1584,1607]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">HLSQ/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D00706197BB4B" box="[344,731,1584,1607]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.295 ± 0.013 (0.266–0.321, n = 26)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27007066C3BB4B" box="[994,1423,1584,1607]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.314 ± 0.025 (0.281–0.356, n = 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A001A66C3BB7D" box="[159,1423,1626,1649]" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A001A6275BB7D" box="[159,313,1626,1649]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">HDWD/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D001A6197BB7D" box="[344,731,1626,1649]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.290 ± 0.018 (0.254–0.322, n = 26)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC27001A66C3BB7D" box="[994,1423,1626,1649]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.300 ± 0.016 (0.271–0.327, n = 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A00C566C3BB90" box="[159,1423,1669,1692]" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A00C56275BB90" box="[159,313,1669,1692]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">RDUL/SVL</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D00C56197BB90" box="[344,731,1669,1692]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.292 ± 0.027 (0.261–0.374, n = 26)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2700C566C3BB90" box="[994,1423,1669,1692]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.311 ± 0.015 (0.286–0.337, n = 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="6CC6610FFA2400B3FF5A00F066C3BBCB" box="[159,1423,1712,1735]" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">
|
||
<th id="2F170873FA2400B3FF5A00F06275BBCB" box="[159,313,1712,1735]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">THBL/HAND</th>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FE9D00F06197BBCB" box="[344,731,1712,1735]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.645 ± 0.026 (0.602–0.693, n = 23)</td>
|
||
<td id="2F170873FA2400B3FC2700F066C3BBCB" box="[994,1423,1712,1735]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="6" pageNumber="7">0.633 ± 0.016 (0.601–0.656, n = 9)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="868933C5FA25FF4BFF5201C5614EBAE5" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178264/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" targetBox="[264,1323,314,1901]" targetPageId="7">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA25FF4BFF5201C5614EBAE5" blockId="7.[151,1436,1925,2025]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA25FF4BFF5201C56257BA91" bold="true" box="[151,283,1925,1949]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">FIGURE 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Color pattern variation of dorsum and venter of
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA25FF4BFCF101C66763BA91" box="[820,1071,1926,1949]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA25FF4BFCF101C66767BA91" box="[820,1067,1926,1949]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">Atelopus pachydermus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens are those listed under Referred specimens from Peru plus one individual (lower row at center), unnumbered at MUSM, which was neither measured nor examined in detail here.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2AFF44FF0206D7614CBCAE" blockId="8.[151,1437,151,418]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FF0206D7622EBDBD" bold="true" box="[199,354,151,177]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Color in life</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<figureCitation id="4ACD7FC8FA2AFF44FEB006D862F1BDBE" box="[373,445,152,178]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="8.[151,255,1303,1327]" captionTargetBox="[427,1159,474,1280]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[427,1160,474,1280]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 3. (A) Atelopus pachydermus from Cutervo, Peru (no museum number associated, photo AML); (B, C) A. bomolochos from 10 Km S Cutchil, Provincia Azuay (KU 217443 – 44, photos LAC); (D) A. bomolochos from 19 Km S Cutchil, Provincia Azuay (KU 217445, photo LAC); (E, F) A. onorei from Río Chipla, Provincia Azuay (no numbers associated, photos LAC)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
|
||
A): Lötters (2005:97) provided a color photograph of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FB8906D86614BDBD" box="[1100,1368,152,177]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FB8906D86614BDBD" box="[1100,1368,152,177]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cutervo.
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FEC30680626ABDD6" box="[262,294,192,218]" name="American Samoa" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">As</collectingCountry>
|
||
well, he provided a color in life description. “Dorsum very variable, mostly bright yellow with large black markings. The yellow color turns to white (occasionally orange or red) in ventral region.” Juveniles from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FEE5075062CEBC26" box="[288,386,272,298]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
(MHNG 2259.8–9, color transparencies (QCAZ transparencies
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA2AFF44FB530750664CBC26" box="[1174,1280,272,298]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" value="2292" valueMax="2294">2292–94</date>
|
||
, available at AmphibiaWebEcuador: http://www.puce.edu.ec/zoologia/vertebrados/amphibiawebec/anfibiosecuador/
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FF520720625DBC76" box="[151,273,352,378]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="31" phylum="Chordata" rank="family">bufonidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.html) have dorsum, dorsal surfaces of limbs and flanks yellow-green with black marks. The iris has a yellow ring around the pupil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<caption id="868933C5FA2AFF44FF52035762E9B89A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178265/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" targetBox="[427,1159,474,1280]" targetPageId="8">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2AFF44FF52035762E9B89A" blockId="8.[151,1436,1303,1430]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FF5203576250B823" bold="true" box="[151,284,1303,1327]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">FIGURE 3.</emphasis>
|
||
(A)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FE9103576105B822" box="[340,585,1303,1326]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FE9103576105B822" box="[340,585,1303,1326]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Cutervo, Peru (no museum number associated, photo AML); (B, C)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FA4003576254B85D" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FA4003576254B85D" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. bomolochos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from 10 Km S Cutchil, Provincia Azuay (KU 217443–44, photos LAC); (D)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FB9E037A67B6B85D" box="[1115,1274,1338,1361]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bomolochos">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FB9E037A67B6B85D" box="[1115,1274,1338,1361]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. bomolochos</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from 19 Km S Cutchil, Provincia Azuay (KU 217445, photo LAC); (E, F)
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FCE2031D60C7B878" box="[807,907,1373,1396]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="onorei">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FCE2031D60C7B878" box="[807,907,1373,1396]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. onorei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from Río Chipla, Provincia Azuay (no numbers associated, photos LAC).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA2AFF46FF0303896662BDD5" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2AFF44FF0303896110BAE0" blockId="8.[151,1437,1481,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FF0303896035B8EF" bold="true" box="[198,889,1481,1507]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Distribution, ecology and current population status.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FC4C038A67D7B8EF" box="[905,1179,1482,1507]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FC4C038A67D7B8EF" box="[905,1179,1482,1507]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is known from the Cordilleras de Tarros (at Cordillera Occidental) and Central of the Andes of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FB6F03B267AFBB00" box="[1194,1251,1522,1548]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, departamentos Cajamar-ca and Amazonas, and from Cordillera Oriental of the Andes in southern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FB9E005A67F2BB38" box="[1115,1214,1562,1588]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, Provincia Zamora Chinchipe at about
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA2AFF44FE4E000262A5BB50" box="[395,489,1602,1628]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.6" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2600.0">2600 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level (
|
||
<figureCitation id="4ACD7FC8FA2AFF44FD0200026059BB50" box="[711,789,1602,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="9.[151,255,1501,1525]" captionTargetBox="[264,1323,194,1443]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[264,1323,194,1477]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURE 4. Map of southern Ecuador and northern Peru showing localities of Atelopus pachydermus. 1 = Provincia Zamora Chinchipe: Valladolid-Yangana; 2 = Departamento Amazonas: Camporedondo; 3 = Departamento Cajamarca: Cutervo." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178266/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FC91000260C0BB50" box="[852,908,1602,1628]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the area in which
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FB440002660FBB57" box="[1153,1347,1602,1627]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FB440002660FBB57" box="[1153,1347,1602,1627]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">A. pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
occurs includes Humid Montane Forest, following the classification of
|
||
<typeStatus id="0D4DDDEFFA2AFF44FC4E002A6085BB88" box="[907,969,1642,1668]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">types</typeStatus>
|
||
of vegetation of the Peruvian Andes as modified by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA2AFF44FEF600D2614DBBA0" author="Duellman" box="[307,513,1682,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Duellman, W. E. (2004) Frogs of the genus Colostethus (Anura; Dendrobatidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 35, 1 - 49." type="journal article" year="2004">Duellman (2004)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who followed the system proposed by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA2AFF44FC2200D26739BBA0" author="Tosi" box="[999,1141,1682,1708]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Tosi, J. A., Jr. (1960) Zonas de vida natural en el Peru. Instituto Interamericano de Ciencias Agricolas, Zona Andina, Boletin Tecnico 5, Lima, Peru." type="book chapter" year="1960">Tosi (1960)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
. At the Peruvian Parque Nacional Cutervo (6º 00'–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B7C2058AFA2AFF44FE0D00FA616DBBD8" box="[456,545,1722,1748]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-6.3333335">6º 20' S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
78º 40'–
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B7C2058AFA2AFF44FD4200FA61B7BBD8" box="[647,763,1722,1748]" direction="west" orientation="longitude" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" precision="925" value="-78.88333">78º 53' W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA2AFF44FCC300FA60E5BBD8" box="[774,937,1722,1748]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.85" metricValueMax="3.35" metricValueMin="2.35" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="m" value="2850.0" valueMax="3350.0" valueMin="2350.0">2350–3350 m</quantity>
|
||
above sea level) annual mean temperature is 13.8 C. According to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA2AFF44FE7600A2605ABBF0" author="Duellman" box="[435,790,1762,1788]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Duellman, W. E. & Pramuk, J. B. (1999) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Anura: Leptodactylidae) in the Andes of northern Peru. Scientific Papers Natural History Museum The University of Kansas, 13, 1 - 78." type="journal article" year="1999">Duellman and Pramuk (1999)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the vegetation in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FC2A00A26769BBF0" box="[1007,1061,1762,1788]" name="Peru" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
of the humid montane forest of Cordillera Occidental is reduced to few trees, bushes (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FCDE014A60DEBA2F" box="[795,914,1802,1827]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" kingdom="Plantae" order="Asterales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FCDE014A60DEBA2F" box="[795,914,1802,1827]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Baccharis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and bunch grasses; much of this forest has been cleared and cultivated, and at higher elevation
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2AFF44FD3201726035BA47" box="[759,889,1842,1867]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Myrtaceae" genus="Eucalyptus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Myrtales" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FD3201726035BA47" box="[759,889,1842,1867]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Eucalyptus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has been planted. In
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2AFF44FBB401726799BA40" box="[1137,1237,1842,1868]" name="Ecuador" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
, the locality is in Montane Cloud Forest (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA2AFF44FE69011A61DABA78" author="Valencia" box="[428,662,1882,1908]" pageId="8" pageNumber="32" refString="Valencia, R., Ceron, C., Palacios, W. & Sierra, R. (1999) Las formaciones naturales de la Sierra del Ecuador. In Sierra, R. (Ed.), Propuesta preliminar de un sistema de clasificacion de vegetacion para el Ecuador continental. Proyecto INEFAN / GEF-BIRF y Ecociencia, Quito, Ecuador, pp. 79 - 108." type="book chapter" year="1999">
|
||
Valencia
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2AFF44FDDF011A6118BA7F" box="[538,596,1882,1907]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) in the Nudo de Sabanilla. In its proximities, 2000 hectares of forest and paramo habitats are protected within the Reserva Tapichalaca, which is located south of the Parque Nacional Podocarpus. Annual mean precipitation in this region is
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA2AFF44FC6701EA6710BAC8" box="[930,1116,1962,1988]" metricMagnitude="0" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.0" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="mm" value="1500.0" valueMax="2000.0" valueMin="1000.0">1000–2000 mm</quantity>
|
||
and annual mean temperature is 12–18 C (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA2AFF44FE9F01926103BAE0" author="Canadas-Cruz" box="[346,591,2002,2028]" pageId="8" pageNumber="29" refString="Canadas-Cruz, L. (1983) El mapa bioclimatico y ecologico del Ecuador. Ministerio de Agricultura y Ganaderia. Programa Nacional de Regionalizacion Agraria. Banco Central del Ecuador, Quito, Ecuador, 209 pp." type="book" year="1983">Cañadas-Cruz, 1983</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="868933C5FA2BFF45FF52039D63B8BB36" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/178266/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" targetBox="[264,1323,194,1443]" targetPageId="9">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2BFF45FF52039D63B8BB36" blockId="9.[151,1437,1501,1594]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FF52039D6257B8F9" bold="true" box="[151,283,1501,1525]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">FIGURE 4.</emphasis>
|
||
Map of southern Ecuador and northern Peru showing localities of
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FBC7039E67B2B8F9" box="[1026,1278,1502,1525]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2BFF45FBC7039E67B6B8F9" box="[1026,1274,1502,1525]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">Atelopus pachydermus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
1 = Provincia Zamora Chinchipe:Valladolid-Yangana; 2 = Departamento Amazonas: Camporedondo; 3 = Departamento Cajamarca: Cutervo.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2BFF45FF02002E67C1BB84" blockId="9.[151,1436,1646,2032]" box="[199,1165,1646,1672]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">In both adult females studied by us, eggs are visible through the skin of the venter.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA2BFF46FF0200D66662BDD5" blockId="9.[151,1436,1646,2032]" lastBlockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" lastPageId="10" lastPageNumber="11" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
The current population status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2BFF45FD8100D66002BBA3" box="[580,846,1686,1711]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FD8100D66002BBA3" box="[580,846,1686,1711]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA2BFF45FCB600D660E5BBBC" box="[883,937,1686,1712]" name="Peru" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">Peru</collectingCountry>
|
||
is unknown. Fieldwork by The University of Kansas in
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA2BFF45FEFF00FE62A5BBD4" box="[314,489,1726,1752]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1989-02">
|
||
February
|
||
<quantity id="150ECEA8FA2BFF45FE6B00FE62A5BBD4" box="[430,489,1726,1752]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.05206" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" unit="in" value="1989.0">1989</quantity>
|
||
</date>
|
||
in the vicinity of Cutervo, Departamento de Cajamarca revealed no
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FAEB00FE66D0BBDB" box="[1326,1436,1726,1751]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2BFF45FAEB00FE66D4BBDB" box="[1326,1432,1726,1751]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atelopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nonetheless, the most recent record is from 1994 or 1995, close to San Andrés caves in Parque Nacional Cutervo, when Heinz Plenge took the photograph shown in Lötters (2005). Searches for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2BFF45FB5F014E6615BA2B" box="[1178,1369,1806,1831]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FB5F014E6615BA2B" box="[1178,1369,1806,1831]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">A. pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were carried out by AML at Parque Nacional Cutervo in 1996 and nearby localities in Provincia Chota in
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA2BFF45FAEA01766399BA74" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="1997" valueMax="1998">1997 and 1998</date>
|
||
; at north of San Andrés de Cutervo by Pablo Venegas in
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA2BFF45FCB7011E675EBA74" box="[882,1042,1886,1912]" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" value="2007-01">January 2007</date>
|
||
; they revealed no
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA2BFF45FB2D011E661ABA7B" box="[1256,1366,1886,1911]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="10">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA2BFF45FB2D011E661EBA7B" box="[1256,1362,1886,1911]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="9" pageNumber="10" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atelopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Also, people at these localities mentioned their absence. The San Andrés caves are located in Parque Nacional Cutervo, which has 8214 hectares of land protected by the Peruvian Government. In spite of its protection status, potato and artichoke field crops are located in the area of the Cutervo caves and there is extensive cattle ranching inside the park. The only record from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA28FF46FD4706D861A8BDBE" box="[642,740,152,178]" name="Ecuador" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Ecuador</collectingCountry>
|
||
is from
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA28FF46FC8206D86745BDBE" box="[839,1033,152,178]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="1985-09">September 1985</date>
|
||
. Searches at the Ecuadorian locality were carried out on
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA28FF46FE6206806046BDD6" box="[423,778,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2001-02" valueMax="2001-09-31" valueMin="2001-02-00">February and September 2001</date>
|
||
and on
|
||
<date id="A648458DFA28FF46FCA2068060A6BDD6" box="[871,1002,192,218]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" value="2004-04">April 2004</date>
|
||
; they revealed no
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FB7A06806662BDD5" box="[1215,1326,192,217]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA28FF46FB7A06806666BDD5" box="[1215,1322,192,217]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">Atelopus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA28FF46FF0206A76728BF16" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA28FF46FF0206A7662BBC76" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FF0206A76219BC0D" bold="true" box="[199,341,231,257]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Comments.</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA28FF46FE9B06A86139BC0E" box="[350,629,232,258]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" refString="Rodriguez, L. O., Cordova, J. & Icochea, J. (1993) Lista preliminar de los anfibios del Peru. Publicaciones del Museo de Historia Natural, Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos (A), 45, 1 - 22." type="journal article">
|
||
Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FE2406A86151BC0D" box="[481,541,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(1993)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and Lötters (2005) reported
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA28FF46FC0B06A86795BC0D" box="[974,1241,232,257]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Atelopus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FC0B06A86795BC0D" box="[974,1241,232,257]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Atelopus pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from the Andes of northern
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA28FF46FEE50750621ABC26" box="[288,342,272,298]" name="Peru" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Perú</collectingCountry>
|
||
(departamentos Amazonas, Cajamarca, and La Libertad). They failed to provide museum and specimen numbers, and specific locality data. Listing Departamento La Libertad was an error and referred to an undescribed smaller, but otherwise similar species from Pataz (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA28FF46FC0F07206665BC76" author="Catenazzi" box="[970,1321,352,378]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Catenazzi, A. & Venegas, P. J. (2005) Atelopus sp. 12. In Rueda-Almonacid, J. V., Rodriguez-Mahecha, J. V., Lotters, S., La Marca, E., Kahn, T., & Angulo, A. (Eds.), Ranas arlequines. Conservacion Internacional. Panamericana Formas e Impresos S. A., Bogota, Colombia, pp. 148." type="book chapter" year="2005">Catenazzi and Venegas, 2005</bibRefCitation>
|
||
:148).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA28FF46FF0207C76728BF16" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FF0207C7660BBCAD" bold="true" box="[199,1351,391,417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
Translation of the original description of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA28FF46FD1207C767D8BCAD" authority="Oscar Schmidt" authorityName="Oscar Schmidt" box="[727,1172,391,417]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phirix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FD1207C76082BCAD" bold="true" box="[727,974,391,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phirix pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
Oscar
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA28FF46FBE907C767D8BCAD" author="Schmidt" box="[1068,1172,391,417]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmidt, O. (1857) Diagnosen neuer Frosche des Zoologischen Cabinets zu Krakau. Sitzungsberichte der Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 24, 10 - 15." type="journal article" year="1857">Schmidt</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(1857:14–15).
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
"
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FA9607C866D0BCAD" box="[1363,1436,392,417]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Phirix</emphasis>
|
||
with robust fore- and hind limbs, head moderate; snout somewhat acute; skin thick, firm; color sulphur to whitish, light bluish pattern on dorsum and on femur as well as in cloacal region." For a translation from
|
||
<collectingCountry id="AAE123DDFA28FF46FAA307986386BF16" name="Germany" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">German</collectingCountry>
|
||
into English of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA28FF46FE4304406173BF16" author="Schmidt" box="[390,575,512,538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="31" refString="Schmidt, O. (1858) Deliciae herpetologicae musei zoologici cracoviensis. Denkschriften der Kaiserlichen Akademie der Wissenschaften in Wien. Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Klasse, 14, 237 - 258." type="journal article" year="1858">Schmidt´s 1858</bibRefCitation>
|
||
description see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="B6671EBCFA28FF46FD390440672CBF16" author="Cochran" box="[764,1120,512,538]" pageId="10" pageNumber="29" refString="Cochran, D. M. & Goin, C. J. (1970) Frogs of Colombia. United States National Museum Bulletin, 288, 1 - 655." type="journal article" year="1970">Cochran and Goin (1970:120)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9AEC30C6FA28FF46FF0204676709BF4E" box="[199,1093,551,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="D249634DFA28FF46FF0204676709BF4E" blockId="10.[151,1436,152,578]" box="[199,1093,551,578]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FF020467621FBF4D" bold="true" box="[199,339,551,577]" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">Etymology.</emphasis>
|
||
The specific name
|
||
<taxonomicName id="15F618CEFA28FF46FDFC04686199BF4D" box="[569,725,552,577]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Phirix" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="10" pageNumber="11" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pachydermus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E082BF5FFA28FF46FDFC04686199BF4D" box="[569,725,552,577]" italics="true" pageId="10" pageNumber="11">pachydermus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is Greek and means thick skin.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |