271 lines
40 KiB
XML
271 lines
40 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426" ID-GBIF-Dataset="5d9f7315-0593-472a-a14b-bd8f6ff42a0b" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2305-2562-1-315" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" ID-ZooBank="46904661101D470583C2C49F2F86F708" ModsDocID="2305-2562-1-315" checkinTime="1618878541768" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="D'Alessandro, Paola, Iannella, Mattia, Grobbelaar, Elizabeth & Biondi, Maurizio" docDate="2021" docId="569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6" docLanguage="en" docName="AfrInvert 62(1): 315-337" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 62 (1)" docPubDate="2021-04-19" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426" docTitle="Calotheca oberprieleri D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="99547CA8-987A-46D3-B9CC-29EFF844A1FB" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="4" id="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" lastPageNumber="315" masterDocId="CB8696658A1A58648E866F46E1A82055" masterDocTitle="Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)" masterLastPageNumber="337" masterPageNumber="315" pageNumber="315" updateTime="1732709519053" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="D609AFB903DA5D8DB22C24710DC438BF">
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<mods:title id="9748309A09DD3F2FC9E2681ED9213351">Taxonomic revision of the Calotheca parvula species group from southern Africa, with descriptions of three new species (Coleoptera, Chrysomelidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="51955B3CF01C4423EC3AD28EDD12E104" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="A424D78E9CA9BD207229FB5924191808">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="761479884122516EB295743B6D212B93">D'Alessandro, Paola</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="399ECA8B51AA69820E6E98BC21C45120" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4481-9152</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="43966FDACD93266ADD99E4BB42439315">Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="54F66DD9B0371CEF820188665CA76A66" type="email">paola.dalessandro@univaq.it</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3CBEBA1338A0D5929CBBD904EAEC1A08">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="9D1EC3D29E45683ED6B51D52EC77746E">Iannella, Mattia</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="FE49200289323BC5146B73750C8D93A1">Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="AD242795CD1D578D1AE37D853A801686">Grobbelaar, Elizabeth</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="EA25F430D7D8DC03A9792C887130B412">Biosystematics Division, ARC-Plant Protection Research Institute, Private Bag X 134, Queenswood, Pretoria, 0121, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="E9393C960F38D821300D27DED086F12A">Biondi, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="F4DD1AA0650AE236D011B125BECFD4EE">Department of Health, Life and Environmental Sciences, University of L'Aquila, Via Vetoio, I- 67100, L'Aquila, Italy</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="282290526F780753D29EA40F98B26928">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="D1B6C8EA8D45E3282B6ED694E08FC09A">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="CF6A141C80FA77725CA9E1CFAB382D10">
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<mods:date id="A5472CCA4B849690914168BBAEB3211E">2021</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="11F81FFEFF7578D10414E98153BAD69B">2021-04-19</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FA7198DC6808F50CA38FAE6C71CA37B2">62</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="3F7999035DAA758F24800A356CEBC229">1</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="5658CF613B127FAC03A3DD9314F030FB">315</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="DCC8A9E3484A7624F4AC4E3EC53AEDFE">337</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="5B75FEC5077E5CFB1D525CD4258A5465">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="25939F7A360269A3D7AB6110BA65647A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1CEA68CCF164E2867CCF3B0E19DE51C4" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6" ID-GBIF-Taxon="181518898" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99547CA8-987A-46D3-B9CC-29EFF844A1FB" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/569369EEC3735C89A603D3B9377761C6" lastPageNumber="315" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" scope_family="Chrysomelidae" scope_order="Coleoptera">
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<subSubSection id="5B588A066C400AB84F0168AE0FA488B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="3C94C6B520349FCD8F5908AF75AA39B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
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<taxonomicName id="F64A08F4CD486B7F58614371281F5827" LSID="http://zoobank.org/99547CA8-987A-46D3-B9CC-29EFF844A1FB" authority="D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi, 2021" authorityName="D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi" authorityYear="2021" class="Choanoflagellatea" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca oberprieleri" order="Choanoflagellida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Choanozoa" rank="species" species="oberprieleri" status="sp. nov.">Calotheca oberprieleri</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="7902FA43E2C4AB3AEF6AC7E595FB6745" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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<figureCitation id="54E3D5F81478EE993082A8E7590AA47E" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figs 2A-D</figureCitation>
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<figureCitation id="1D3809D0648DB85701F98A3099E01E74" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Calotheca parvula species group." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533307" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">, 6</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="6970417E3B297BED8DAB283C159CC9DC" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="40E1EA232CCFEDC34F5D6C247F419D43" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="85F394E2D3369EC91640FBE32A18CE13" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
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<emphasis id="64F5E673D0B165DF502DA63C98EB8F12" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Holotype</emphasis>
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♂: South Africa [RSA], CP [ECape], Suurberg Nature Reserve, 900 m,
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<geoCoordinate id="2B064FE2260693E25849EA1A293B9A23" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="16" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.266666">33°16'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F6659F034BD9BE3682F475E5B2DFAF02" degrees="25" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="25.75">25°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 28.xi.1988, R.[G.] Oberprieler leg. (SANC).
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<emphasis id="E72474ABD72A9E1F70484B9B4802D474" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Paratypes</emphasis>
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: Republic of South Africa: Eastern Cape, between Grahamstown and Southwell [Southwell
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<geoCoordinate id="5CA644D69459AFD5ADF3CF600FA341DF" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="24" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="58" value="-33.41611">33°24'58"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3D909BDC6342CEEEF5677E38991A73BD" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="36" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="26.606667">26°36'24"E</geoCoordinate>
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], 500 m, 13.xi.2006, G. Osella leg., 1♂ (BAQ); Eastern Cape, W Bisho, km 35 da Peddie s.s.n. 2, 280 m, 33°16'69"S, 26°48'95"E [
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<geoCoordinate id="03E75195EBA9925290D05536A109C83E" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="14" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="24" value="-33.24">33°14'24"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1E3965924740AB43E3DE4C3C07D2EA5F" degrees="26" direction="east" minutes="45" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="22" value="26.756111">26°45'22"E</geoCoordinate>
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], 14.xi.2006, G. Osella leg., 1♂ (BAQ); CP [ECape], Umtiza, East London Coast Reserves, East London,
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<geoCoordinate id="7A8E90625E0FE530A1BFEF108E374EE0" degrees="33" direction="south" minutes="02" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-33.033333">33°02'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="BCA4910818A9AD634377454606A73215" degrees="27" direction="east" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="27.816668">27°49'E</geoCoordinate>
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, 25.xi.1988, B.[=E.] Grobbelaar leg., 1♂ and 1♀ (SANC).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="56FE3BF534CCC872CB4FA906E86C5952" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="D5DFB2AF6340BE7475C9400F2AC691AD" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="862A6CA5A75A94BD050D0C9EFA8531E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
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<taxonomicName id="CC04696BAD4683BE23216E19389B810E" authorityName="D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca oberprieleri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oberprieleri">
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<emphasis id="3E03ABF2E5D8602F664F9A1425FE441C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Calotheca oberprieleri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov. is very similar in shape, size, sculpture and colour to
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<taxonomicName id="0F5B2192701588487ABABE7FDA13BA43" lsidName="C. pallida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="84A7B0A04649EDD4BBD86D90567955C2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="5D9A92D19CF1D118350C3AAF8479F188" lsidName="C. prinslooi" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prinslooi">
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<emphasis id="74AF69D5CD79C179DADC35D9DCA72BBE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. prinslooi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov., from which it can be generally distinguished by: surface of median lobe of aedeagus flat ventrally (carinae delimiting a deep sulcus are evident in
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<taxonomicName id="CDE8B1BB3186DF49BBE0A7038B121D5A" lsidName="C. pallida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="682F1E8ED086720B1A4E12119266D4DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="9F00CEE8B345B46F5AF4C53211B33529" lsidName="C. prinslooi" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prinslooi">
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<emphasis id="CAB8065F2744B5A123F4FADC28D44CE1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. prinslooi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.) (Figs
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<figureCitation id="9919FB1026D43DA26E4FB3A0F9FCB154" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="2D3521D32A354A03541E72C7A2B57562" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calotheca pallida (Bryant, 1945) A habitus, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Mossel Bay) D spermatheca (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533304" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">3C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="FE1AC79628CF410D54B42F2690FF9EFF" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, Willow River Farm) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Swellendam) D spermatheca (ECape, Willow River Farm). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (C, B); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533306" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">5C</figureCitation>
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); median lobe sinuate, narrowing in the apical third, wider basally than apically (sinuate and narrowing medially, and as wide basally as apically in
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<taxonomicName id="EA1FFF344D33EFF34F77E0BB9B8AA344" lsidName="C. pallida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="pallida">
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<emphasis id="24260B27E5E6DC1AA8FA555181373691" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. pallida</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; and greatest width medially, wider basally than apically and tapering towards the apex in
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<taxonomicName id="005C19C51DCBFD1E2903C2BFB27D561B" lsidName="C. prinslooi" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prinslooi">
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<emphasis id="6E1F898B033E607AE848FDF47468AC5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. prinslooi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. nov.) (Figs
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<figureCitation id="CE59B9E77196669602E757C1A3215C3A" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2C</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="64E406BBAF09537E2CE716AB87D8CB5D" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calotheca pallida (Bryant, 1945) A habitus, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Mossel Bay) D spermatheca (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533304" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">3C</figureCitation>
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,
|
||
<figureCitation id="47B33ECFB4894A273CC72CEFE6099051" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, Willow River Farm) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Swellendam) D spermatheca (ECape, Willow River Farm). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (C, B); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533306" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">5C</figureCitation>
|
||
); spermatheca only known for one specimen, subreniform and thickset basally (broadly subcylindrical and more slender in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="ACF3B16D5DAD3B99A881D4E116C8DA8B" lsidName="C. pallida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="700F8B2B49EEFD67C9586004004A0EEA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="760EDCE311E970D2C2CFAA59DA68B3B3" lsidName="C. prinslooi" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prinslooi">
|
||
<emphasis id="3CE48032E4A91FC245498D30C0B70663" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. prinslooi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="0D850FDF0CED3C15E43131FA288259CD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="21497EFD9EA9329AB3419A00962207AB" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calotheca pallida (Bryant, 1945) A habitus, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Mossel Bay) D spermatheca (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533304" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">3D</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="12A877625CD91B0B423BDAFB4368B055" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, Willow River Farm) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Swellendam) D spermatheca (ECape, Willow River Farm). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (C, B); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533306" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">5D</figureCitation>
|
||
); pronotal margins which are more rounded laterally (less rounded or more distinctly curved at apical third respectively in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="817DA098E4F6A9AF0BB2D9D9B728A3A4" lsidName="C. pallida" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="pallida">
|
||
<emphasis id="EFD4159E2D8D4BECC59BF7A1430962D2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. pallida</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8EA39C5A756F8ACA95240F9509AEEE6F" lsidName="C. prinslooi" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" rank="species" species="prinslooi">
|
||
<emphasis id="43D2C08C017A4FC28AE2748FF006C29B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C. prinslooi</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.) (Figs
|
||
<figureCitation id="8B96BCC96480D7AA3E609285B811084C" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="BD5B64CFF889EF384BF9390384CF180B" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Calotheca pallida (Bryant, 1945) A habitus, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Mossel Bay) D spermatheca (RSA: WCape, Stilbaai Nature Reserve). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533304" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">3B</figureCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="E24F7AB1402461B4A587F689BBD4F814" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Calotheca prinslooi sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, Willow River Farm) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: WCape, Swellendam) D spermatheca (ECape, Willow River Farm). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; vc = ventral carina; vs = ventral sulcus; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (C, B); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533306" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">5B</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="D9153109C1E2A2C88FC27E0420ABF3EE" doi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
|
||
<paragraph id="727C490BEF931EBB25AC7AE086FC577E" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="ADDC5C6A160B940F451DD7BF0030A1F9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Figure 2.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4DAE2E6C050D1E3DC6F32179A7332C6D" authorityName="D’Alessandro & Iannella & Grobbelaar & Biondi" authorityYear="2021" class="Insecta" family="Acanthoecidae" genus="Calotheca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Calotheca oberprieleri" order="Coleoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="oberprieleri">
|
||
<emphasis id="273F277F05736825FC039737A78D1A58" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Calotheca oberprieleri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sp. nov.
|
||
<emphasis id="8DD0E5D638037E94967656F74EE7CEC1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">A</emphasis>
|
||
habitus, ♂ (holotype)
|
||
<emphasis id="CF499430C10C68C1F3606E815C0DD517" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">B</emphasis>
|
||
head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell)
|
||
<emphasis id="3173FE1F1B8246D24A3123262755AA15" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">C</emphasis>
|
||
median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell)
|
||
<emphasis id="EAB1306CE2B1BE85BCBA4DC99F07EBA0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">D</emphasis>
|
||
spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="6858F16C12C9ECD22ACEEE2000E1450A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">A</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="FC1D6765DCAB4855E8F04202BB0295A1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">B, C</emphasis>
|
||
); 0.5 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="1899B0B7A381E5DD60426EB5B201E7B4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">D</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="9BD94D924FF0738CC4E67FB7C31B2913" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="description">
|
||
<paragraph id="C5389C5B0CF4A225D21BB3B585B1ED49" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Description of the holotype</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="1A13F31A32B83F7B45D2ADB5C3848130" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
|
||
(♂). Body elongate-elliptical in dorsal view (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="AB0F11869BFFF82FA786259FDB5A3E8F" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
), moderately convex in lateral view; total length of body (LB) = 5.00 mm; maximum pronotal width near base (WP = 2.18 mm); maximum width of elytra in basal third (WE = 2.78 mm). Head, femora, and legs pale brown; pronotum yellow, punctate lateral striae and basal furrows distinctly darkened; elytra yellow, with darkened punctures, and small irregular very sparse shaded reddish patches. Head (cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="E1F4C08FE2EB921EC08C20A8460E5DDD" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) with surface microreticulate and micropunctate; several setiferous punctures between medial ocular margin and frontal grooves, and near the dorsal part of frontal grooves; frontal grooves deeply impressed, more so anteriorly, sinuate, extending from dorsal ocular margin to interantennal space; interantennal space about 1.5 times the length of the first antennomere; eyes elongate-ovate; dorsal interocular space slightly wider than 1.5 times the transversal width of the eye; antennae slightly shorter than half the body length (LAN = 2.33 mm; LAN/LB = 0.47; LA: 100:50:75:64:79:79:79:79:79:71:100). Pronotum (cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3E66757D0A3B742B0E318F5EC2327B76" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2B</figureCitation>
|
||
) slightly convex, sub-trapezoidal, distinctly transverse (LP = 1.18 mm; WP/LP = 1.85), with clearly rounded sides; surface microreticulate and micropunctate, with additional small, rather dense, evenly distributed punctation; lateral pronotal striae C-shaped, with large, deeply impressed punctures; basal furrows of pronotum deeply impressed; basal and apical margins distinctly bordered, but not raised; lateral margins barely expanded, but visible in dorsal view; anterior angles prominent and pointed; posterior angles widely obtuse. Scutellum sub-triangular, rounded apically. Elytra (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="2DEFB7FDE84A7B55604B6C413EAEA4BA" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
, cf. 2B) moderately elongate and convex (LE = 3.83 mm; WE/LE = 0.73; LE/LP = 3.26), slightly sinuate laterally, jointly rounded apically; lateral margin narrow, barely visible in dorsal view; elytral punctation arranged in single regular rows, punctures deeply impressed; interstriae with finely microreticulate and micropunctate surface; last interstria carinate; humeral calli barely raised. Macropterous. Legs with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres distinctly enlarged, sub-triangular (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="7A31DBB7416A703EC91E1B29792908F1" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Tarsal claws simple. Underside pale brown; apical abdominal ventrite without preapical sculpture or impressions. Median lobe of aedeagus (cf. Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9E2B574BDF63EB8BFDBED6FC690758F6" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2C</figureCitation>
|
||
) (LAED = 2.08 mm; LE/LAED = 1.84) distinctly sinuate laterally in ventral view; slightly narrower distally than basally; apex subrounded, with small ventrolateral bulges; ventral surface flat, with a narrow medial furrow in distal third; ventrolateral surface widely wrinkled; dorsal ligula short, formed by two elongate basal lobes and two shorter apical lobes; in lateral view, median lobe distinctly bent down to the apex.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="B1E9A3C71C321AC948497061FC5577F6" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="variability">
|
||
<paragraph id="821018F5464DA2CD37937D705FFA5ECA" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Variability.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D711AC1EFD11CF9A4A425F9808E7FABB" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
|
||
<emphasis id="E602D01224195D5FED573237F83E5FB1" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Males</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 4; mean
|
||
<normalizedToken id="66E9E5956490FD3D2C6F8B4A4083EDA0" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
standard deviation, range): LE = 3.99
|
||
<normalizedToken id="0C86B9B0B199BA89BCA22CAC32D8521E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.17 mm (3.83 ≤ LE ≤ 4.12 mm); WE = 2.88
|
||
<normalizedToken id="CC049DB2D79FC229192A4E91308AE235" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12 mm (2.78 ≤ WE ≤ 3.05 mm); LP = 1.21
|
||
<normalizedToken id="AFD5BE2C09FAFFFCEF065A6CD8D38F6C" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.04 mm (1.18 ≤ LP ≤ 1.28 mm); WP = 2.30
|
||
<normalizedToken id="63E4ADEF00B7564E2AAF25771BC7AF29" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12 mm (2.18 ≤ WP ≤ 2.45 mm); LAN = 2.37
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B1036A622698221BD5FD993147D77C65" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.11 mm (2.25 ≤ LAN ≤ 2.50 mm); LAED = 2.10
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F467876BBABDBBD8DA6E6754D17500DB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12 mm (2.00 ≤ LAED ≤ 2.28 mm); LB = 5.12
|
||
<normalizedToken id="F07B8401B9EB6C75573D820397FB6DF3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.12 mm (5.00 ≤ LB ≤ 5.28 mm); LE/LP = 3.29
|
||
<normalizedToken id="FA7E91CE13D5D97D04E0AE1CDF5DED03" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.06 (3.25 ≤ LE/LP ≤ 3.38); WE/WP = 1.25
|
||
<normalizedToken id="B6BA4B6528F69E83F1D38AF5F23B95A2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02 (1.24 ≤ WE/WP ≤ 1.28); WP/LP = 1.90
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4B51EE02CDC6A53BBED9D7F864608819" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.04 (1.85 ≤ WP/LP ≤ 1.94); WE/LE = 0.72
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2FE3ACD6186BD0FE630695DD39D72146" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.01 (0.72 ≤ WE/LE ≤ 0.73); LAN/LB = 0.46
|
||
<normalizedToken id="868A9D430E29BD886A44DE71CAF9DC6D" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.02 (0.44 ≤ LAN/LB ≤ 0.48); LE/LAED = 1.90
|
||
<normalizedToken id="38FA8CA7DE25A4319326F3321A42BECA" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
|
||
0.08 (1.84 ≤ LE/LAED ≤ 2.03).
|
||
<emphasis id="635DF69F549B691548A2C99D409ADD24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Females</emphasis>
|
||
(n = 1): LE = 4.50 mm; WE = 3.38 mm; LP = 1.28 mm; WP = 2.65 mm; LAN = 2.35; LSP = 0.80 mm; LB = 5.75 mm; LE/LP = 3.53; WE/WP = 1.27; WP/LP = 2.08; WE/LE = 0.75; LAN/LB = 0.41; LE/LSP = 5.63. Paratypes very similar in shape, sculpture and colour to the holotype. Female with basal pro- and mesotarsomeres less enlarged than in male. Spermatheca (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="B6325CBAC41A82BC7DBE676CA6F0644D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Calotheca oberprieleri sp. nov. A habitus, ♂ (holotype) B head, pronotum, and basal part of elytra, ♂ (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) C median lobe of aedeagus, from left to right in ventral, dorsal, and lateral view (RSA: ECape, between Grahamstown and Southwell) D spermatheca (RSA: ECape, Umtiza). Abbreviations: bf = basal furrow; bl = basal lobe of dorsa ligula; dl = distal lobe of dorsa ligula; ds = distal sulcus; fg = frontal groove; pls = punctate lateral stria; ws = wrinkled surface. Scale bars: 2 mm (A); 1 mm (B, C); 0.5 mm (D)." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533303" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">2D</figureCitation>
|
||
) with basal part subreniform, thickset; distal part softly bent, slightly narrower apically, with a very short appendix; distal part clearly shorter than half the length of the basal part; ductus basally inserted, moderately elongate, and with a hint of a coil.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="5879DC0C6FFC6E563065AEA455B23567" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="etymology">
|
||
<paragraph id="879F75B0FDE0DC0E6957AEB9FD35F908" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Etymology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06792B3C28B9433C27299282687941DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">The specific epithet is a noun in the genitive case after Rolf G. Oberprieler (Australia, Canberra), one of its collectors.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="D8328471C306171B3A979CFA81D7F25D" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="89EAD1304EBCBF755E52A2F7FF3D2917" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="D707D088EBB41A9FD44F1E7771E825E5" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">
|
||
Republic of South Africa (ECape) (Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="3289E6F9E5A0D17235114D1241DA110D" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Distribution of Calotheca parvula species group." figureDoi="10.3897/AfrInvertebr.62.62426.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/533307" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">6</figureCitation>
|
||
). Chorotype: Southern-Western Afrotropical (SWA).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="05CF77447AF47127878688AF316BAD07" pageId="0" pageNumber="315" type="ecological notes">
|
||
<paragraph id="439E426C8E3E12542A512EA461C0C29C" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Ecological notes.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="4462ECB2D3C44F5291B7F6B874FF866C" pageId="0" pageNumber="315">Habitat and host plants unknown. Collected between 280-900 m a.s.l. Adults active in November.</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |