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<mods:title id="06B0D552AD5C1027A4DCF2704710AF57">Diversity of Porifera in the Mediterranean coralligenous accretions, with description of a new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="DED200B8B365F74C6D57533D0BDF3139">Bertolino, Marco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="6DC2CE97DB9097702FC0AF50D5C9F1F7">Cerrano, Carlo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="5646D1E9F2CB230F748A3B8207EF2E9B">Bavestrello, Giorgio</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="29AB3DDC3FB8F9DB30A57914DC77F2EF">Carella, Mirco</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="68F15418F42CC91D67CDFE942C2FA578">Pansini, Maurizio</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="51EAD1802555C67B4FD2D41C613D1617" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152048450" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:51EAD1802555C67B4FD2D41C613D1617" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/51EAD1802555C67B4FD2D41C613D1617" lastPageNumber="8" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" scope_phylum="Porifera">
<subSubSection id="D903D3267E426F4EA263B24B5E1EDE2D" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="60A08560C70F1A30DF50FDD61E90DF6F" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="7A6BF91807003C8599CEABC052E9BFA6" ID-CoL="VS8T" LSID="http://species-id.net/wiki/Clathria_armata" authority="Bowerbank, 1862" authorityName="Bowerbank" authorityYear="1862" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) armata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="armata" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) armata (Bowerbank, 1862)</taxonomicName>
Figs 6
<normalizedToken id="11E2BD5C98A507DC1566633A355A0780" originalValue="AF">A-F</normalizedToken>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0B9B08FA9E5A35AFAB791750C70DDBC7" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B85ED326BA02718825A79BCC6C28E022" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<taxonomicName id="24BA1505E72732AA4422BD3E6ED5BF5E" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Microciona" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Microciona armata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="armata">Microciona armata</taxonomicName>
Bowerbank, 1862; 1866: 129.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="6B9AB448EC293EB670D49C800C013DBF" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="material examined">
<paragraph id="F00E216C2375CE72AABB3833B6923616" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EDC39F8471B89EC3682D7DCB80F57EAD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Specimen IG-F-BL4-sp2-fot.; alcohol preserved, Gallinara Island (station 2, Falconara)
<geoCoordinate id="9436085EF115C8F8B83E0EFBB0768016" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="44.022778">44°01'22&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="C49B7D6CE8318861EAA022B898227955" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="8.22611">8°13'34&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, depth 35 m, collected 31-7-2009.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1BB4A001CB1939E2F46BB41B2C1D3097" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Description. Thickly encrusting sponge (3-5 mm thick) covering a surface of 1.5 cm2 on a coralligenous block (Fig. 6A). Surface irregular, smooth. Consistency soft. The red-orange colour of the living specimen slightly fades when alcohol preserved.</paragraph>
<caption id="1AC7F2C1A81735272367C5CC05CAD013" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
<paragraph id="73B5A87C00E5E6774E2EF4B602652DFD" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName id="EC6DDC660FF918F9303CC283864909C8" class="Demospongiae" family="Microcionidae" genus="Clathria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Clathria (Microciona) armata" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="armata" subGenus="Microciona">Clathria (Microciona) armata</taxonomicName>
. A Specimen on the surface of the coralligenous block B Large acanthostyle heads C Small acanthostyle D Subtylostyle with spined head E Palmate isochelae F Toxas of variable size, with smooth extremities.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="9443782D0550C18FCC061BD6F1368BF0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Skeleton. Not observed.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="F25E79870D4B9E593C99D49D02147EF0" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
Spicules. Macroscleres: acanthostyles in two size categories: I) large acanthostyles slightly curved, with obtuse spines concentrated on the head (Fig. 6B), 220 (484.5) 830
<normalizedToken id="C5ED3729A11BC8133CCFA14A0A3720A0" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.75 (8.5) 12
<normalizedToken id="5CA6BBC6BF3427928B84E5C786DDAC07" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; II) small acanthostyles, with scattered spines, but more concentrated on the head (Fig. 6C), 100 (110) 122.5
<normalizedToken id="03BE964AF8D549C01209EBBA901F483D" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
3.75 (5) 6
<normalizedToken id="E6F4765134444AAC9915A4B4210413AF" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
; subtylostyles straight, often with slightly spined head (Fig. 6D), 440 (503.7) 550
<normalizedToken id="94680B5467B2452CFAA6786EC0B411AE" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
2.5 (2.9) 3.8
<normalizedToken id="67AE67D506C049FF243FF2C280D00F05" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
. Microscleres: palmate isochelae (Fig. 6E), 10 (12.5) 13.5
<normalizedToken id="108AC96412EFB511776D1CF489441320" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long. Toxas of variable size, with more or less wide central curvature and slightly reflexed smooth points (Fig. 6F), 80 (114.5) 210
<normalizedToken id="8A64A26E74118DC87D6DFF517688AAC6" originalValue="μm">μm</normalizedToken>
long.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7D9F495128D0C5A7D7C27C2E01BECCB" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="9A93B011DFBBC0261DB7B7220E7A6E22" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Distribution and discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDBD7860863F4EA8131DC8E8CF6FB7ED" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This species has been recorded on rocky walls and on mollusc shells from 10 to 180 m depth (
<bibRefCitation id="CD1286662EF9B2FD22BBBF2EBBCE34B6" author="Bowerbank, JS" journalOrPublisher="Ray Society, London" pageId="17" pageNumber="18" pagination="1 - 388" title="A Monograph of the British Spongiadae." year="1866">Bowerbank 1866</bibRefCitation>
, Arndt 1934,
<bibRefCitation id="0FC9973DB9DF3E60938606F89407B675" author="Pulitzer-Finali, G" journalOrPublisher="Annali del Museo civico di storia naturale Giacomo Doria" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="445 - 621" title="A collection of Mediterranean Demospongiae (Porifera) with, in appendix, a list of the Demospongiae hitherto recorded from the Mediterranean Sea." volume="84" year="1983">Pulitzer-Finali 1983</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="783991B7D19F9F2F2039FB888F928DFC" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Sarsia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 48" title="Antho brattegardi sp. n. (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with remarks on and a key to the clathriids of Norwegian waters." volume="71" year="1986">van Soest and Stone 1986</bibRefCitation>
). It is widely distributed in the Mediterranean Sea (Northern Adriatic Sea, Alboran Sea and Ionian Sea (
<bibRefCitation id="3532D6B75825EBFB5D697AFBAFDB94F8" author="Pansini, M" journalOrPublisher="Biogeographia, Marine biogeography of the Mediterranea Sea: patterns and dynamics of biodiversity" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="59 - 90" title="A review of the Mediterranean Sea sponge biogeography with, in appendix, a list of the demosponges hitherto recorded from this sea." volume="24" year="2003">Pansini and Longo 2003</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="0A0A995F5120DFB908C72943DB9EF77F" author="Pansini, M" editor="Relini, G" journalOrPublisher="Biologia Marina Mediterranea" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" pagination="42 - 66" title="Porifera." volume="15" volumeTitle="Checklist della flora e della fauna dei mari italiani." year="2008">2008</bibRefCitation>
) and along the Atlantic coast of Europe: Arctic, Sweden, Ireland, United Kingdom, France (
<bibRefCitation id="C258DC0FAF75B3FCF69D9E71C7B1CA3F" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Sarsia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" title="World Porifera Database" url="http://www.marinespecies.org/porifera" year="2013">van Soest et al. 2013</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5671EF3DAAAC4646927CFD53F24EBA35" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
This specimen, like that described by
<bibRefCitation id="55898F188149756E2821AF6835C462FF" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Sarsia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 48" title="Antho brattegardi sp. n. (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with remarks on and a key to the clathriids of Norwegian waters." volume="71" year="1986">van Soest and Stone (1986)</bibRefCitation>
, differs from the type material in the toxa dimensions. Actually Bowerbank measured small toxas 50
<normalizedToken id="197502EB7D9FDF6E231308250F56996D" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long and large toxas 130
<normalizedToken id="229CBCD6C60D36A7F1DC54FE16DBBE19" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
long dividing them in two size categories.
<bibRefCitation id="6A92FD0CCD1EE41F69864326B7A918BF" author="Van Soest, RWM" journalOrPublisher="Sarsia" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" pagination="41 - 48" title="Antho brattegardi sp. n. (Porifera: Poecilosclerida), with remarks on and a key to the clathriids of Norwegian waters." volume="71" year="1986">Van Soest and Stone (1986)</bibRefCitation>
confirm the large variability of spicule size. The species is a new finding for the coralligenous community and the Ligurian Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
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