plazi/treatments-xml
2
0
Fork 0
Code Issues Pull requests Releases Activity
treatments-xml/data/4F/63/87/4F63879CFF8FFF95FEB9F985564FFA0B.xml
maintenance 50c7799abe added 4F
2024-06-21 12:36:10 +02:00

685 lines
109 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="227132D26D636618AEF3307CC9C0E47B" ID-CLB-Dataset="57263" ID-DOI="10.12782/specdiv.26.241" ID-GBIF-Dataset="73d960be-4846-41bd-a6ff-185af29ed796" ID-ISSN="2189-7301" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5739027" ID-ZooBank="59F8BE91-1327-4081-B515-85DFC8A26492" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638230965338" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Izumi, Takato" docDate="2021" docId="4F63879CFF8FFF95FEB9F985564FFA0B" docLanguage="en" docName="SpeciesDiversity.26.2.241-247.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Species Diversity 26" docStyle="DocumentStyle:27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514.7:SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleId="27FECD2C3CD153DA405029F2D33C9514" docStyleName="SpeciesDiversity.2012-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Haloclava hercules Izumi 2021, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docUuid="EDB9E495-C594-4037-AF7D-7822C5334C16" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="246" masterDocId="B35AFFE4FF8CFF90FFFAFFFB573EFFB9" masterDocTitle="The Largest Cnidae Among the Sea Anemones; Description of a New Haloclavid Species from Japan, Haloclava hercules (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Enthemonae: Haloclavidae)" masterLastPageNumber="247" masterPageNumber="241" pageNumber="244" updateTime="1702002106462" updateUser="plazi" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
<mods:mods id="01FF2EC2B878A1F57C11B057A97C5F33" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="AD731E8638181ADEB8BD95D6841FAEF2">
<mods:title id="DD249DAA73DC031CEB55929D6C1D0AE9">The Largest Cnidae Among the Sea Anemones; Description of a New Haloclavid Species from Japan, Haloclava hercules (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Enthemonae: Haloclavidae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="6BA992493FC5D7EF8288D8AB2E9D21AC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="B51C5F6D32D6A4C6B67BD6ACB92D23E1">
<mods:roleTerm id="5121A94547FB0BBE5B801CC0D91C4CE8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="CD8AF29080B9D54171E0765FDA95C54C">Izumi, Takato</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="14E816F908777EB557AF860F68F29522">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="9980AA5EA6647E8482AA381914ED3EBB" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="324E911C4349BA01918A31791097844C">
<mods:title id="D52BB9F0E7D5F7E95561F8B10444CD67">Species Diversity</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="FE38BE08DF20F07E2CD4F6375ACF9B6F">
<mods:date id="A212503B987BFA8CAC5D92AA06E67E63">2021</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="FD8FD0A87AD33AC517D6A90F8E4605A8" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="72EB0E181B2FA94BA3053BAB1B0F3AAD">2021-09-10</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="E9BB3AE92F19375FC7E8DA526E9E4D8F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="D4005F6122F0DD7042E87139D4933E24">26</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="10341FB1737D60226E5147989FF27600" unit="page">
<mods:start id="5D2D8002C94728F6C79ECDBB4F807A67">241</mods:start>
<mods:end id="FA2A6D565B79A5A862797A4431D11746">247</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="5A7136174F613F7AEE8C5EBE44AAA690">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="893FC99DA0D021F2BE734BC916A361B0" type="CLB-Dataset">57263</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F80D8A0A9EE6B6CEEF74557AA532FCDB" type="DOI">10.12782/specdiv.26.241</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F650B83B3019F32C6AD248B68C8D2682" type="GBIF-Dataset">73d960be-4846-41bd-a6ff-185af29ed796</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="FF4205BADF78502EFAD42AA56202E728" type="ISSN">2189-7301</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="5F5FA4DE2C7D8F9316DB2B85BCC34852" type="Zenodo-Dep">5739027</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="7099439EB5EE3B165B258E7B44371B6B" type="ZooBank">59F8BE91-1327-4081-B515-85DFC8A26492</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4F63879CFF8FFF95FEB9F985564FFA0B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7803130" ID-GBIF-Taxon="209488117" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7803130" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:EDB9E495-C594-4037-AF7D-7822C5334C16" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F63879CFF8FFF95FEB9F985564FFA0B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
<subSubSection id="8FD06501FF8FFF93FEB9F9855514F961" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF8FFF93FEB9F9855567F92F" blockId="3.[323,601,1662,1686]" box="[323,601,1662,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
<heading id="9C3D81E6FF8FFF93FEB9F9855567F92F" box="[323,601,1662,1686]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" reason="2">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF8FFF93FEB9F9855539F92F" ID-CoL="8RW28" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[323,519,1662,1686]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF8FFF93FEB9F9855539F92F" bold="true" box="[323,519,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF8FFF93FDF7F9845567F92F" box="[525,601,1663,1686]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF8FFF93FF1FF9645514F961" blockId="3.[229,695,1695,1752]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
[New Japanese name: herakuresu-no-konbou] (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FE82F9445689F961" box="[376,439,1727,1752]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Figs 2</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FE3BF93B56F0F961" box="[449,462,1728,1752]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="3.[156,187,1247,1269]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1207]" captionTargetId="figure-306@3.[187,1399,205,1208]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="Fig. 3. Cnidom of Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754. A, Basitrich of an acrosphere; B, small basitrich in a tentacle; C, large basitrichs in a tentacle; D, small basitrich in the actinopharynx; E, large basitrich in the actinopharynx; F, small basitrich in the column; G, large basitrich in the column; H, small basitrich in a filament; I, large basitrich in a filament; J, microbasic b-mastigophore in a filament. Scale bars: 100µm for A, and 50µm for all other sub-figures." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739033" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739033/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">3</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="8A480331FF8FFF93FE23F944551CF961" box="[473,546,1727,1752]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Cnidom of Haloclava hercules sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1754). Abbreviations: n, numbers of measured cnidae; SD, standard deviations." pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Table 2</tableCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FD06501FF8FFF93FF4FF8FB5317F9AD" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF8FFF93FF4FF8FB5317F9AD" blockId="3.[156,768,1792,2077]" lastBlockId="3.[821,1432,1434,2077]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
<materialsCitation id="77A23CD7FF8FFF93FF4FF8FB57C2F845" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4072155302" collectingDate="2017-05-09" collectorName="Hiroshi Namikawa" elevation="321" latitude="35.113968" location="Misaki Marine Biological Station" longitude="139.56772" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="CMNH-ZG 09758" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Kanagawa Pref." typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF8FFF93FF4FF8FB56B5F8A1" bold="true" box="[181,395,1792,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Material examined.</emphasis>
NSMT-Co 1754 (the
<typeStatus id="18718828FF8FFF93FD6DF8FB55CAF8A1" box="[663,756,1792,1816]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
): dissected specimen, embedded tissues in paraffin, histological sections, prepared nematocysts;
<date id="B374104AFF8FFF93FDF2F8B955BFF8E3" box="[520,641,1858,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" value="2017-05-09">
<collectingDate id="A330E9A2FF8FFF93FDF2F8B955BFF8E3" box="[520,641,1858,1882]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" value="2017-05-09">9 May 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, off Jogashima, Misaki,
<collectingRegion id="050EF868FF8FFF93FED0F89856EDF8C3" box="[298,467,1890,1915]" country="Japan" name="Kanagawa" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Kanagawa Pref.</collectingRegion>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2FE504DFF8FFF93FE1FF899555BF8C3" box="[485,613,1890,1914]" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="06.838" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="35.113968">35°06.838′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2FE504DFF8FFF93FD82F89955C1F8C3" box="[632,767,1890,1914]" degrees="139" direction="east" minutes="34.063" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="139.56772">139°34.063′E</geoCoordinate>
(St. 1), at
<elevation id="4CE7D1B9FF8FFF93FEFBF878568CF822" box="[257,434,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7199999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="321.0" valueMax="370.0" valueMin="272.0">
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FEFBF8785651F823" box="[257,367,1923,1947]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.21" metricValueMax="3.7" metricValueMin="2.7199999999999998" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="321.0" valueMax="370.0" valueMin="272.0">272–370 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by
<collectorName id="6A3F535CFF8FFF93FDC4F87855C1F822" box="[574,767,1923,1947]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Hiroshi Namikawa</collectorName>
using a
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FF09F8585613F802" box="[243,301,1955,1979]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
biological dredge, kept in a tank of
<location id="C2156051FF8FFF93FD40F858569FF865" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F63879CFF8FFF95FEB9F985564FFA0B:C2156051FF8FFF93FD40F858569FF865" latitude="34.168484" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.74406" name="Misaki Marine Biological Station" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" stateProvince="Kanagawa Pref.">Misaki Marine Biological Station</location>
, and fixed and preserved by Takato Izumi;
</materialsCitation>
<materialsCitation id="77A23CD7FF8FFF93FEFCF81F5317F9AD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="4072155301" collectingDate="2017-11-09" collectionCode="CMNH-ZG" collectorName="Itaru Kobayashi" elevation="131" latitude="34.168484" location="Mie" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="136.74406" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" specimenCode="CMNH-ZG 09758" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Mie" typeStatus="paratype">
<specimenCode id="976C9EF1FF8FFF93FEFCF81F56FBF845" box="[262,453,2020,2044]" collectionCode="CMNH-ZG" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">CMNH-ZG 09758</specimenCode>
(a
<typeStatus id="18718828FF8FFF93FE16F81F5577F845" box="[492,585,2020,2044]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
): dissected specimen, embedded tissues in paraffin, histological sections, prepared nematocysts;
<date id="B374104AFF8FFF93FBDEFA6053DEFA0A" box="[1060,1248,1434,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" value="2017-11-09">
<collectingDate id="A330E9A2FF8FFF93FBDEFA6053DEFA0A" box="[1060,1248,1434,1459]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" value="2017-11-09">9 November 2017</collectingDate>
</date>
, south off Shima, Shima Peninsula,
<collectingRegion id="050EF868FF8FFF93FC15FA405329FA6A" box="[1007,1047,1467,1491]" country="Japan" name="Mie" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Mie</collectingRegion>
Pref,
<geoCoordinate id="A2FE504DFF8FFF93FBA2FA4053E6FA6A" box="[1112,1240,1467,1491]" degrees="34" direction="north" minutes="10.109" orientation="latitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="34.168484">34°10.109′N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A2FE504DFF8FFF93FB1CFA405252FA6A" box="[1254,1388,1467,1491]" degrees="136" direction="east" minutes="44.644" orientation="longitude" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" precision="1" value="136.74406">136°44.644′E</geoCoordinate>
(St. 7), at
<elevation id="4CE7D1B9FF8FFF93FC94FA275320FA4D" box="[878,1054,1500,1524]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="131.0" valueMax="132.0" valueMin="130.0">
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FC94FA2754E2FA4A" box="[878,988,1500,1524]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.31" metricValueMax="1.3199999999999998" metricValueMin="1.3" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="m" value="131.0" valueMax="132.0" valueMin="130.0">130–132 m</quantity>
depth
</elevation>
, collected by
<collectorName id="6A3F535CFF8FFF93FB52FA275277FA4D" box="[1192,1353,1500,1524]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Itaru Kobayashi</collectorName>
using a
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FCCFFA075451F9AD" box="[821,879,1532,1556]" metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="cm" value="50.0">50 cm</quantity>
biological dredge.
</materialsCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FD06501FF8FFF94FCB4F9E75345FC73" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="description">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF8FFF94FCB4F9E7569DFB17" blockId="3.[821,1432,1434,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[156,768,881,2077]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="245" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF8FFF93FCB4F9E75348F9EC" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">
Description of the
<typeStatus id="18718828FF8FFF93FBDCF9E653BDF98C" box="[1062,1155,1565,1589]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
(NSMT-Co 1754) and a
<typeStatus id="18718828FF8FFF93FCCFF9C654ACF9EC" box="[821,914,1597,1621]" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(CMNH-ZG 09758).
</emphasis>
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF8FFF93FB75F9C6520DF9EC" box="[1167,1331,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">External feature</emphasis>
: Column barrel or corn-like, not differentiated into parts, with high degree of expansibility, length ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FB67F9855237F92F" box="[1181,1289,1662,1686]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
, diameter ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FCCFF96454ACF90F" box="[821,914,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="9.5" metricValueMax="12.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="9.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="7.0">7–12 mm</quantity>
in live specimens, and length ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FB11F964520CF90F" box="[1259,1330,1695,1719]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="15.0">15 mm</quantity>
, diameter ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FCA0F9445486F96E" box="[858,952,1727,1751]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.5" metricValueMax="10.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="8.5" valueMax="10.0" valueMin="7.0">7–10 mm</quantity>
in preserved specimens. Body pale brownish orange (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FC7DF91B54CEF941" box="[903,1008,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
), with transversal wrinkles (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FAEBF91B5261F941" box="[1297,1375,1760,1784]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
), and mesenterial insertions. Small papillae lows on the column surface, but no apertures (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FBB2F8DA53A7F880" box="[1096,1177,1825,1849]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
). Aboral end physa-like, rounded, with a tiny pore in the center, same in color as column, and slightly sticky and adheres to substrate. Oral disc with 20 tentacles in two indistinct cycles of 10 each (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF8FFF93FA8AF879546DF802" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="244">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Outer tentacles protruding outside or hanging along the column, and inner ones protruding upwards. Morphological differences between the inner and outer tentacles followings: outer ones more robust and longer (ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF8FFF93FAE4F7FE5242F7A5" box="[1310,1404,2053,2077]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.05" metricValueMax="1.2" metricValueMin="0.9" pageId="3" pageNumber="244" unit="mm" value="10.5" valueMax="12.0" valueMin="9.0">9–12 mm</quantity>
in length) than inner ones (ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF88FF94FE32FC8A5527FC30" box="[456,537,881,905]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.0" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="6.0" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="5.0">5–7 mm</quantity>
in length) when fully expanded; outer ones apparently capitate with large robust acrosphere-like knobs though inner ones with indistinct small acrospheres on the tips (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FE37FC285527FC52" box="[461,537,979,1003]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Both inner and outer tentacles uniform sizes and shapes in its middle part. Tentacles pale orange, translucent, smooth (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FDBBFBEF558EFB95" box="[577,688,1044,1068]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2A, B</figureCitation>
). Acrospheres patchy pattern with dark red and white, surface rough. Oral disc diameter ca.
<quantity id="00329B6FFF88FF94FE2FFBAE5522FBD4" box="[469,540,1109,1133]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.2" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" unit="mm" value="12.0">12 mm</quantity>
, uniformly orange, in live specimens. Mouth at the center of oral disc, not swollen; conchula absent (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FEB6FB6D56A9FB17" box="[332,407,1174,1198]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="93B56602FF88FF94FF66FF4552B1FF6D" box="[156,1423,190,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" startId="4.[156,204,190,212]" targetBox="[177,1391,242,805]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FF66FF4552B1FF6D" blockId="4.[156,1423,190,212]" box="[156,1423,190,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
Table 2. Cnidom of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FE9CFF455535FF6A" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[358,523,190,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FE9CFF455535FF6A" box="[358,523,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF88FF94FDEAFF44556BFF6D" box="[528,597,191,212]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
(NSMT-Co 1754). Abbreviations: n, numbers of measured cnidae; SD, standard deviations.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FC80FF09526DFC9C" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<table id="B5CAC42AFF88006FFF4BFF095251FC9C" box="[177,1391,242,805]" gridcols="7" gridrows="17" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFF095251FE99" box="[177,1391,242,288]" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1" rowspan-2="1" rowspan-5="1" rowspan-6="1">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFF0953B6FE99" box="[887,1160,242,288]" colspan="2" colspanRight="1" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC80FF095328FEBC" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[890,1046,242,261]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC80FF095328FEBC" box="[890,1046,242,261]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF88FF94FBE0FF095365FEBC" box="[1050,1115,242,261]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
NSMT-Co 1754 (holotype)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFECD5251FEF0" box="[177,1391,310,329]" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1" rowspan-1="1">
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FECD5417FEF0" box="[626,809,310,329]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Length×Width (µm)</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFECD54E1FEF0" box="[887,991,310,329]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Mean (µm)</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFECD53B6FEF0" box="[1060,1160,310,329]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">SD (µm)</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFECD53E6FEF0" box="[1220,1240,310,329]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">n</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FECD5251FEF0" box="[1305,1391,310,329]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">frequency</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE9B5251FECA" box="[177,1391,352,371]" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFE9B5251FECA" box="[177,1391,352,371]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Acrosphere</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE845251FE2B" box="[177,1391,383,402]" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFE845686FE2B" box="[177,440,383,402]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">large basitrichs</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FE845417FE2B" box="[626,809,383,402]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">158.9–273.8×3.3–7.0</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFE8454E1FE2B" box="[887,991,383,402]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">218.4×5.4</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFE8453B6FE2B" box="[1060,1160,383,402]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">29.53×0.62</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFE8453E6FE2B" box="[1220,1240,383,402]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">56</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FE845251FE2B" box="[1305,1391,383,402]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE655251FE08" box="[177,1391,414,433]" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFE655251FE08" box="[177,1391,414,433]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Tentacle</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE465251FE69" box="[177,1391,445,464]" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFE465686FE69" box="[177,440,445,464]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">basitrichs</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFE46551EFE69" box="[533,544,445,464]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">S</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FE465417FE69" box="[626,809,445,464]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">10.0–19.0×2.4–3.9</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFE4654E1FE69" box="[887,991,445,464]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">16.0×3.1</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFE4653B6FE69" box="[1060,1160,445,464]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">2.31×0.34</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFE4653E6FE69" box="[1220,1240,445,464]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">41</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FE465251FE69" box="[1305,1391,445,464]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE275251FE56" box="[177,1391,476,495]" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFE27551EFE56" box="[533,544,476,495]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">L</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FE275417FE56" box="[626,809,476,495]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">31.1–42.4×4.3–6.2</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFE2754E1FE56" box="[887,991,476,495]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">36.2×5.3</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFE2753B6FE56" box="[1060,1160,476,495]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">3.13×0.51</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFE2753E6FE56" box="[1220,1240,476,495]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">17</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FE275251FE56" box="[1305,1391,476,495]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFE005251FDB7" box="[177,1391,507,526]" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFE005251FDB7" box="[177,1391,507,526]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Actinopharynx</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFDE15251FD94" box="[177,1391,538,557]" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFDE15686FD94" box="[177,440,538,557]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">basitrichs</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFDE1551EFD94" box="[533,544,538,557]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">S</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FDE15417FD94" box="[626,809,538,557]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">10.2–17.9×2.7–3.9</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFDE154E1FD94" box="[887,991,538,557]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">14.0×3.2</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFDE153B6FD94" box="[1060,1160,538,557]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">1.41×0.32</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFDE153E6FD94" box="[1220,1240,538,557]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">47</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FDE15251FD94" box="[1305,1391,538,557]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFDC25251FDF5" box="[177,1391,569,588]" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFDC2551EFDF5" box="[533,544,569,588]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">L</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FDC25417FDF5" box="[626,809,569,588]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">47.1–70.9×6.6–8.7</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFDC254E1FDF5" box="[887,991,569,588]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">63.1×7.4</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFDC253B6FDF5" box="[1060,1160,569,588]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">6.35×0.55</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFDC253E6FDF5" box="[1220,1240,569,588]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">23</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FDC25251FDF5" box="[1305,1391,569,588]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFDA35251FDD2" box="[177,1391,600,619]" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFDA35251FDD2" box="[177,1391,600,619]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Column</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFD8C5251FD33" box="[177,1391,631,650]" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFD8C5686FD33" box="[177,440,631,650]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">basitrichs</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFD8C551EFD33" box="[533,544,631,650]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">S</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FD8C5417FD33" box="[626,809,631,650]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">13.5–32.8×3.1–4.1</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFD8C54E1FD33" box="[887,991,631,650]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">28.6×3.5</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFD8C53B6FD33" box="[1060,1160,631,650]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">3.97×0.29</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFD8C53E6FD33" box="[1220,1240,631,650]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">33</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FD8C5251FD33" box="[1305,1391,631,650]" gridcol="6" gridrow="11" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFD6D5251FD10" box="[177,1391,662,681]" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFD6D551EFD10" box="[533,544,662,681]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">L</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FD6D5417FD10" box="[626,809,662,681]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">27.7–41.5×5.1–6.8</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFD6D54E1FD10" box="[887,991,662,681]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">36.0×5.8</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFD6D53B6FD10" box="[1060,1160,662,681]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">3.49×0.56</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFD6D53E6FD10" box="[1220,1240,662,681]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">12</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FD6D5251FD10" box="[1305,1391,662,681]" gridcol="6" gridrow="12" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">few</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFD4E5251FD71" box="[177,1391,693,712]" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFD4E5251FD71" box="[177,1391,693,712]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Filament</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFD2F5251FD5E" box="[177,1391,724,743]" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFD2F5686FD5E" box="[177,440,724,743]" gridcol="0" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">basitrichs</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFD2F551EFD5E" box="[533,544,724,743]" gridcol="1" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">S</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FD2F5417FD5E" box="[626,809,724,743]" gridcol="2" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">16.2–20.6×2.7–4.0</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFD2F54E1FD5E" box="[887,991,724,743]" gridcol="3" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">17.9×3.4</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFD2F53B6FD5E" box="[1060,1160,724,743]" gridcol="4" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">1.28×0.32</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFD2F53E6FD5E" box="[1220,1240,724,743]" gridcol="5" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">17</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FD2F5251FD5E" box="[1305,1391,724,743]" gridcol="6" gridrow="14" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFD085251FCBF" box="[177,1391,755,774]" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-0="1">
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFDEFFD08551EFCBF" box="[533,544,755,774]" gridcol="1" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">L</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FD085417FCBF" box="[626,809,755,774]" gridcol="2" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">73.5–94.6×4.8–6.6</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFD0854E1FCBF" box="[887,991,755,774]" gridcol="3" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">85.0×5.7</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFD0853B6FCBF" box="[1060,1160,755,774]" gridcol="4" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">4.56×0.45</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFD0853E6FCBF" box="[1220,1240,755,774]" gridcol="5" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">39</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FD085251FCBF" box="[1305,1391,755,774]" gridcol="6" gridrow="15" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">numerous</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF88006FFF4BFCE95251FC9C" box="[177,1391,786,805]" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rowspan-1="1">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFF4BFCE95686FC9C" box="[177,440,786,805]" gridcol="0" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
microbasic
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FED3FCE9560DFC9C" box="[297,307,786,805]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores
</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFD88FCE95417FC9C" box="[626,809,786,805]" gridcol="2" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">62.2–78.8×7.0–8.9</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFC8DFCE954E1FC9C" box="[887,991,786,805]" gridcol="3" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">67.1×7.9</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFBDEFCE953B6FC9C" box="[1060,1160,786,805]" gridcol="4" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">5.12×0.58</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFB3EFCE953E6FC9C" box="[1220,1240,786,805]" gridcol="5" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">8</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF88006FFAE3FCE95251FC9C" box="[1305,1391,786,805]" gridcol="6" gridrow="16" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">few</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FF4FFB4C53C9FC30" blockId="4.[156,768,881,2077]" lastBlockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FF4FFB4C565AFB76" box="[181,356,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Internal anatomy</emphasis>
: Twenty mesenteries, all macrocnemes. Ten pairs; 6 pairs of them in the first cycle and 4 pairs in the second cycle (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FEA8FB0356A1FAA9" box="[338,415,1272,1296]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). All macrocnemes perfect, fertile, and continuing along the whole-body length. Microcnemes absent. All tentacles arise from each endocoel and exocoel. Tentacular longitudinal muscles ectodermal (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FD8BFAA255FFFACB" box="[625,705,1369,1394]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2C</figureCitation>
); tentacular circular muscles endodermal (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FDDFFA815549FA2B" box="[549,631,1402,1426]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
). Acrosphere on tentacle tips with densely arranged large basitrichs (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FD2DFA605783FA6A" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2D</figureCitation>
;
<tableCitation id="8A480331FF88FF94FF36FA405623FA6A" box="[204,285,1467,1491]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Cnidom of Haloclava hercules sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1754). Abbreviations: n, numbers of measured cnidae; SD, standard deviations." pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Table 2</tableCitation>
). Retractor muscles restricted, limited at the center of each macrocneme (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FE2BFA27551FFA4D" box="[465,545,1500,1524]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
), with approximately 25–40 multiple-branched muscular processes (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FD87FA0755F4F9AD" box="[637,714,1532,1556]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
); parietal muscles of macrocnemes distinct, in peculiar shape: muscle with 10 slightly branched processes on each side bared from thin mesenteries by body wall, and additional muscle with simple 10–20 processes bared from thick mesoglea between the body wall and the retractor muscle (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FD22F9645787F96E" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Moreover, several small slightly-branched muscular processes on opposite side of retractor muscle on macrocnemes. Mesoglea in the body wall far thicker than the ectoderm and remarkably thicker than the endoderm of body wall, actinopharynx and siphonoglyph (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FDB2F8BA55A4F8E3" box="[584,666,1857,1882]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Actinopharynx smooth, grooved, approximately 2/3–3/4 the column length. Single distinct siphonoglyph on the ventral side of actinopharynx, always connected to it, and sustained by the ventral pair of directive mesenteries (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FDB7F83855A2F865" box="[589,668,1987,2012]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2E</figureCitation>
). Sphincter muscle absent. Filaments limited near the aboral end. All specimens dioecious; mature ovary contains several oocytes in the mesoglea of each mesentery (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FB67FC8A53D5FC30" box="[1181,1259,881,905]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2G</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FCB4FC695345FC73" blockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCB4FC6954A0FC13" box="[846,926,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Cnidom</emphasis>
: Basitrichs, microbasic
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FB4EFC6953FEFC13" box="[1204,1216,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">b</emphasis>
-mastigophores. See
<tableCitation id="8A480331FF88FF94FCCEFC495442FC72" box="[820,892,946,971]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="4.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="Table 2. Cnidom of Haloclava hercules sp. nov. (NSMT-Co 1754). Abbreviations: n, numbers of measured cnidae; SD, standard deviations." pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Table 2</tableCitation>
for size and distribution.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FD06501FF88FF94FCB4FC285267FAE8" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FCB4FC285248FBD4" blockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCB4FC2854FBFC52" bold="true" box="[846,965,979,1003]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Etymology.</emphasis>
The new specific epithet “
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FAFFFC28526AFC52" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[1285,1364,979,1003]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FAFFFC28526AFC52" box="[1285,1364,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
” is a noun referring to blunt outer tentacles with apparent acrosphere-like cudgels containing gigantic strong basitrichs of this new species, which remains me of the thorns on the cudgel of Hercules, the famous hero of Greek Mythology.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FCB4FB8E5267FAE8" blockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCB4FB8E53BAFB37" bold="true" box="[846,1156,1141,1166]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Derivation of Japanese name.</emphasis>
The genus
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FAF3FB8D5255FB37" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1289,1387,1142,1166]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FAF3FB8D5255FB37" box="[1289,1387,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had been named “konbo-isoginchaku-zoku” in H.
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF88FF94FAE4FB6D54F1FB76" author="Uchida, H. &amp; Soyama, I." pageId="4" pageNumber="245" refId="ref4206" refString="Uchida, H. and Soyama, I. 2001. Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS-Britannica, Tokyo, 157 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama (2001)</bibRefCitation>
; “konbo” means the cudgel because anemones in this group have blunt tentacles with acrospheres. Thus, I omit the phrase and added Hercules at the beginning of the name, following the pattern in
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FB50FAE35354FAE8" authority="Izumi, Fujita, and Yanagi, 2017" authorityName="Izumi, Fujita, and Yanagi" authorityYear="2017" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Antennapeachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="jambio">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FB50FAE352A9FA89" box="[1194,1431,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Antennapeachia jambio</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF88FF94FCCFFAC25354FAE8" author="Izumi, T. &amp; Fujita, T. &amp; Yanagi, K." box="[821,1130,1337,1361]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" pagination="109 - 115" refId="ref3880" refString="Izumi, T., Fujita, T., and Yanagi, K. 2017. Antennapeachia jambio (Cnidaria: Actiniaria: Haloclavidae), the second species of genus Antennapeachia, with revision of the diagnosis of the genus. Species Diversity 22: 109 - 115." type="journal article" year="2017">Izumi, Fujita, and Yanagi, 2017</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
(“misaki-no-antenna”).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8FD06501FF88FF95FCB4FAA1564FFA0B" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF94FCB4FAA15389F822" blockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCB4FAA1548CFACB" bold="true" box="[846,946,1370,1394]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Remarks.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC31FAA153B4FACB" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[971,1162,1370,1394]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC31FAA153B4FACB" box="[971,1162,1370,1394]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF88FF94FB6DFAA153D4FAC8" box="[1175,1258,1370,1393]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
is the first unquestionable specimen-based record of the genus
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FACEFA8152A9FA2B" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1332,1431,1402,1426]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FACEFA8152A9FA2B" box="[1332,1431,1402,1426]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japanese waters [H.
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF88FF94FBB7FA605251FA0A" author="Uchida, H. &amp; Soyama, I." box="[1101,1391,1435,1459]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" refId="ref4206" refString="Uchida, H. and Soyama, I. 2001. Sea Anemones in Japanese Waters. TBS-Britannica, Tokyo, 157 pp. [In Japanese]" type="book" year="2001">Uchida and Soyama (2001)</bibRefCitation>
recorded
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC78FA47531FFA6A" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1856" box="[898,1057,1467,1491]" class="Anthozoa" family="Actiniidae" genus="Actinia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC78FA4754A2FA6A" box="[898,924,1468,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">H.</emphasis>
aff.
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC33FA40531FFA6A" box="[969,1057,1467,1491]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">producta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Japanese waters, but the identification in this field guide is uncertain since its description is too short and lacking diagnostic characters of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FACEFA0752A9F9AD" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1332,1431,1532,1556]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FACEFA0752A9F9AD" box="[1332,1431,1532,1556]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
below-mentioned]. This new species falls within the genus
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FCCFF9C654A6F9EC" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[821,920,1597,1621]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCCFF9C654A6F9EC" box="[821,920,1597,1621]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by virtue of having following two features: the simple siphonoglyph without a conchula (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FB27F9A55216F9CF" box="[1245,1320,1630,1654]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
; strong acrospheres exist only in the genera
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FB6CF98553C7F92F" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[1174,1273,1662,1686]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FB6CF98553C7F92F" box="[1174,1273,1662,1686]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FAD4F98454DAF90E" authority="Andres, 1881" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1881" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Anemonactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FAD4F9845468F90E" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Anemonactis</emphasis>
Andres, 1881
</taxonomicName>
, and are thus distinguished from the other genera, e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC42F9445262F96E" authority="Izumi and Yanagi, 2016" authorityName="Izumi and Yanagi" authorityYear="2016" box="[952,1372,1727,1751]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Antennapeachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC42F9445367F96E" box="[952,1113,1727,1751]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Antennapeachia</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF88FF94FB98F9445262F96E" author="Izumi, T. &amp; Yanagi, K. &amp; Fujita, T." box="[1122,1372,1727,1751]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" pagination="448 - 454" refId="ref3825" refString="Izumi, T., Yanagi, K., and Fujita, T. 2016. The ' Antenna Balloon Anemone' found in the Seto Inland Sea: new genus and species of sea anemone, Antennapeachia setouchi (Cnidaria, Actiniaria, Haloclavidae). Zoological Science 33: 448 - 454." type="journal article" year="2016">Izumi and Yanagi, 2016</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FA92F93B5336F941" authority="Torrey, 1902" authorityName="Torrey" authorityYear="1902" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Harenactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FA92F93B5444F941" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Harenactis</emphasis>
Torrey, 1902
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FBECF91B5203F941" authority="Carlgren, 1943" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1943" box="[1046,1341,1760,1784]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Metapeachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FBECF91B53ABF941" box="[1046,1173,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Metapeachia</emphasis>
Carlgren, 1943
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FAB1F91B548BF8A1" authority="Gosse, 1855" authorityName="Gosse" authorityYear="1855" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Peachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FAB1F91B52A6F941" box="[1355,1432,1760,1784]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Peachia</emphasis>
Gosse, 1855
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC39F8FB5456F880" authority="Rodriguez and Lopez-Gonzalez, 2003" authorityName="Rodriguez and Lopez-Gonzalez" authorityYear="2003" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Stephanthus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC39F8FB5302F8A1" box="[963,1084,1792,1816]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Stephanthus</emphasis>
Rodríguez and López-González, 2003
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FC8FF8DA525AF880" authority="Yap, Fautin, Ramos, and Tan, 2014" authorityName="Yap, Fautin, Ramos, and Tan" authorityYear="2014" box="[885,1380,1825,1849]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Synpeachia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FC8FF8DA54DAF880" box="[885,996,1825,1849]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Synpeachia</emphasis>
Yap, Fautin, Ramos, and Tan, 2014
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FCCFF8B95206F8E3" authority="Barragan, Sanchez, and Rodriguez, 2019" authorityName="Barragan, Sanchez, and Rodriguez" authorityYear="2019" box="[821,1336,1857,1882]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Tenactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCCFF8B954B8F8E0" box="[821,902,1858,1881]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Tenactis</emphasis>
Barragán, Sánchez, and Rodríguez, 2019
</taxonomicName>
) and the surface of the body without any apertures (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FB03F8995276F8C3" box="[1273,1352,1890,1914]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2A</figureCitation>
; distinguished from the genus
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FBDDF8785396F823" authorityName="Andres" authorityYear="1881" box="[1063,1192,1923,1946]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Anemonactis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FBDDF8785396F823" box="[1063,1192,1923,1946]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Anemonactis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF88FF95FCB4F85856A4FCB1" blockId="4.[820,1432,881,2077]" lastBlockId="5.[156,767,686,1459]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="246" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF88FF94FCB4F8585338F802" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[846,1030,1955,1979]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF88FF94FCB4F8585338F802" box="[846,1030,1955,1979]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF88FF94FBF7F85F5364F802" box="[1037,1114,1956,1979]" pageId="4" pageNumber="245" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
has a peculiar retractor muscle shape, not only for the genus, but also for the family (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF88FF94FA8AF83F546CF845" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="245">Fig. 2F</figureCitation>
). Moreover, the difference in shape between the inner and outer tentacles is considerably apparent in this species (
<figureCitation id="5FF12A0FFF89FF95FF59FD5557CFFD7F" box="[163,241,686,710]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="2.[156,187,1895,1917]" captionTargetBox="[188,1398,206,1855]" captionTargetId="figure-9@2.[187,1399,205,1856]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Fig. 2. Haloclava hercules sp. nov., holotype, NSMT-Co 1754, external morphology in living state (A, B) and internal morphology of the preserved specimen (C–H, histological section stained by hematoxylin and eosin). A, Lateral view of the whole body; B, oral view; C, transverse section of a tentacle; D, longitudinal section of a tentacle; E, transverse section of the column; F, enlarged view of the transverse section of the column; G, enlarged view of the transverse section of an oocyte; H, longitudinal section of the aboral end. Abbreviations: a, actinopharynx; ac, acrosphere; D, dorsal directive; fi, filament; ma, macrocneme; oo, oocyte; pa, parietal muscle; rm, retractor muscle; s, siphonoglyph; scs, scapus; tcm, tentacular circular muscle; te, tentacles; tlm, tentacular longitudinal muscle; V, ventral directive; 1, first cycle mesentery; 2, second cycle mesentery. Scale bars: 10mm in A and B, 1mm in E, F, H, 500µm in D, G, and 100µm in C." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5739031" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5739031/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Fig. 2B</figureCitation>
). Previously, no
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE61FD555573FD7F" box="[411,589,686,710]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="undetermined">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE61FD5556C0FD7F" box="[411,510,686,710]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava</emphasis>
species
</taxonomicName>
with such differentiated tentacles have been described (
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FDD4FD3455F7FD5E" author="Stimpson, W." box="[558,713,719,743]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson 1856</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD29FD3457CCFCBE" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FF01FD1456B0FCB1" author="Carlgren, O." box="[251,398,751,776]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref3701" refString="Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fur Zoologi 23: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren 1931</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="93B56602FF89FF95FF66FF45532CFF6D" box="[156,1042,190,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" startId="5.[156,204,190,212]" targetBox="[177,1425,242,637]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="C775368AFF89FF95FF66FF45532CFF6D" blockId="5.[156,1042,190,212]" box="[156,1042,190,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
Table 3. Comparison of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE76FF45550FFF6A" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[396,561,190,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE76FF45550FFF6A" box="[396,561,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF89FF95FDCCFF445545FF6D" box="[566,635,191,212]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
and the other species of the genus
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FC4EFF455333FF6A" authorityName="Verrill" authorityYear="1899" box="[948,1037,190,211]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FC4EFF455333FF6A" box="[948,1037,190,211]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF89FF95FE21FF045240FDC5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<table id="B5CAC42AFF89006FFF4BFF0952AFFDC4" box="[177,1425,242,637]" gridcols="7" gridrows="9" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFF0952AFFE83" box="[177,1425,242,314]" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FF095571FE83" box="[441,591,242,314]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE21FF04553AFE94" authority="Izumi, 2021" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE21FF04553AFE94" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="EE8D57E3FF89FF95FDF3FEE15577FE94" box="[521,585,282,301]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</th>
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FF0955C9FE83" box="[606,759,242,314]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FD7BFF0955CAFE83" authority="(Stimpson, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FD7BFF0955EEFEA6" box="[641,725,242,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava producta</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD92FEDC55D0FE83" author="Stimpson, W." box="[616,750,295,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFF0954A0FE83" box="[772,926,242,314]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FCDDFF0954A4FE83" authority="(Stimpson, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FCDDFF095441FEA6" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava brevicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FCF4FEDC54AAFE83" author="Stimpson, W." box="[782,916,295,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FF09537AFE83" box="[939,1092,242,314]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FC34FF09530AFE83" authority="(Verrill, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FC34FF095327FEA6" box="[974,1058,242,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava capensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FC3BFEDC5313FE83" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[961,1069,295,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFF0953D4FE83" box="[1105,1258,242,314]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FB8EFF0953E3FE83" authority="Carlgren, 1931" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FB8EFF0953FDFEA6" box="[1140,1224,242,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava chinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FBA5FEDC53E3FE83" author="Carlgren, O." box="[1119,1245,295,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref3701" refString="Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fur Zoologi 23: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
</th>
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFF0952AFFE83" box="[1271,1425,242,314]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FAE0FF095252FEA6" box="[1306,1390,242,287]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava stimpsoni</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FAF4FEDC5244FE83" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1294,1402,295,314]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFEAA52AFFEDD" box="[177,1425,337,356]" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFEAA52AFFEDD" box="[177,1425,337,356]" colspan="7" colspanRight="6" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Characters</th>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFE8B52AFFE3A" box="[177,1425,368,387]" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFE8B5698FE3A" box="[177,422,368,387]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Number of inner tentacles</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FE8B5571FE3A" box="[441,591,368,387]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">10</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FE8B55C9FE3A" box="[606,759,368,387]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">10</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFE8B54A0FE3A" box="[772,926,368,387]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">10</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FE8B537AFE3A" box="[939,1092,368,387]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">6</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFE8B53D4FE3A" box="[1105,1258,368,387]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">10</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFE8B52AFFE3A" box="[1271,1425,368,387]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">10</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFE7452AFFE1B" box="[177,1425,399,418]" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFE745698FE1B" box="[177,422,399,418]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Form of tentacles</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FE745571FE1B" box="[441,591,399,418]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Not uniform</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FE7455C9FE1B" box="[606,759,399,418]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Not uniform</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFE7454A0FE1B" box="[772,926,399,418]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Uniform</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FE74537AFE1B" box="[939,1092,399,418]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFE7453D4FE1B" box="[1105,1258,399,418]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Not uniform</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFE7452AFFE1B" box="[1271,1425,399,418]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Not uniform</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFE5652AFFE78" box="[177,1425,429,449]" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFE565698FE78" box="[177,422,429,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Acrospheres</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FE565571FE78" box="[441,591,429,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Developed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FE5655C9FE78" box="[606,759,429,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Developed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFE5654A0FE78" box="[772,926,429,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Developed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FE56537AFE78" box="[939,1092,429,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Developed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFE5653D4FE78" box="[1105,1258,429,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Developed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFE5652AFFE78" box="[1271,1425,429,449]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Not developed</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFE3752AFFE66" box="[177,1425,460,479]" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFE375698FE66" box="[177,422,460,479]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Surface of the column</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FE375571FE66" box="[441,591,460,479]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Smooth</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FE3755C9FE66" box="[606,759,460,479]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Sticky papillae</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFE3754A0FE66" box="[772,926,460,479]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FE37537AFE66" box="[939,1092,460,479]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFE3753D4FE66" box="[1105,1258,460,479]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Smooth</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFE3752AFFE66" box="[1271,1425,460,479]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFE1052AFFDA0" box="[177,1425,491,537]" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFE105698FDA0" box="[177,422,491,537]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Shape of retractor muscle</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FE105571FDA0" box="[441,591,491,537]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Restricted</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FE1055C9FDA0" box="[606,759,491,537]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Restricted</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFE1054A0FDA0" box="[772,926,491,537]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FE10537AFDA0" box="[939,1092,491,537]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFE1053D4FDA0" box="[1105,1258,491,537]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Strongly circum- scribed</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFE1052AFFDA0" box="[1271,1425,491,537]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Unknown</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFDDE52AFFDEA" box="[177,1425,549,595]" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFDDE5698FDEA" box="[177,422,549,595]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Shape of parietal muscle</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FDDE5571FDEA" box="[441,591,549,595]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Separated into two parts</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FDDE55C9FDEA" box="[606,759,549,595]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">No peculiar shape</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFDDE54A0FDEA" box="[772,926,549,595]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">No peculiar shape</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FDDE537AFDEA" box="[939,1092,549,595]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">No peculiar shape</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFDDE53D4FDEA" box="[1105,1258,549,595]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">No peculiar shape</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFDDE52AFFDEA" box="[1271,1425,549,595]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">No peculiar shape</td>
</tr>
<tr id="79FA34C8FF89006FFF4BFD9252AFFDC4" box="[177,1425,617,637]" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<th id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFF4BFD925698FDC4" box="[177,422,617,637]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">References</th>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFE43FD925571FDC4" box="[441,591,617,637]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">The present study</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFDA4FD9255C9FDC4" box="[606,759,617,637]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD9EFD9255CFFDC5" author="Stimpson, W." box="[612,753,617,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson (1856)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFCFEFD9254A0FDC4" box="[772,926,617,637]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FCF0FD9254A6FDC5" author="Stimpson, W." box="[778,920,617,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson (1856)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFC51FD92537AFDC4" box="[939,1092,617,637]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FC44FD92530FFDC5" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[958,1073,617,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill (1868)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFBABFD9253D4FDC4" box="[1105,1258,617,637]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FBA0FD9253DFFDC5" author="Carlgren, O." box="[1114,1249,617,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref3701" refString="Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fur Zoologi 23: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren (1931)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
<td id="3A2B5DB4FF89006FFB0DFD9252AFFDC4" box="[1271,1425,617,637]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FAF0FD925240FDC5" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[1290,1406,617,636]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill (1868)</bibRefCitation>
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF89FF95FF4FFCEB5539FAA9" blockId="5.[156,767,686,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
The other minor differences of this new species from other congeners are as follows:
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE12FCCB57EBFCD0" authority="(Verrill, 1865)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1865" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="capensis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE12FCCB5598FCF1" box="[488,678,816,840]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Haloclava capensis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD4CFCCB57F0FCD0" author="Verrill, A. E." pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="145 - 152" refId="ref4288" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1865. Classification of polyps (Extract condensed from a Synopsis of the Polypi of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Captains Ringgold and Rodgers, U. S. N.). Proceedings of the Essex Institute 4: 145 - 152." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill, 1865</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has six inner tentacles (
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FE20FCAA5565FCD0" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[474,603,849,873]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="145 - 152" refId="ref4288" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1865. Classification of polyps (Extract condensed from a Synopsis of the Polypi of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Captains Ringgold and Rodgers, U. S. N.). Proceedings of the Essex Institute 4: 145 - 152." type="journal article" year="1865">Verrill 1865</bibRefCitation>
), in contrast to the 10 of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FEFFFC895648FC30" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[261,374,881,905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FEFFFC895648FC30" box="[261,374,881,905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
;
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE7FFC895596FC30" authority="(Verrill, 1868)" baseAuthorityName="Verrill" baseAuthorityYear="1868" box="[389,680,881,905]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="stimpsonii">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE7FFC895533FC30" box="[389,525,882,905]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. stimpsonii</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FDE7FC8A559FFC30" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[541,673,881,905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill, 1868</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has not developed acrospheres whereas
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE09FC685556FC13" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[499,616,914,938]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE09FC685556FC13" box="[499,616,914,938]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has an outer cycle with distinct acrospheres and an inner cycle with indistinct acrospheres (
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FE87FC2856C1FC52" author="Verrill, A. E." box="[381,511,979,1003]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="315 - 330" refId="ref4340" refString="Verrill, A. E. 1868. Synopsis of the polyps and corals of the North Pacific Exploring Expedition, under Commodore C. Ringgold and Capt. John Rodgers, U. S. N., from 1853 to 1856. Collected by Dr. Wm. Stimpson, naturalist to the expedition. Part IV. Actiniaria [First part]. Communications of the Essex Institute 5: 315 - 330." type="journal article" year="1868">Verrill 1868</bibRefCitation>
);
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FDEFFC2F5637FBB2" authority="(Stimpson, 1856)" baseAuthorityName="Stimpson" baseAuthorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="brevicornis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FDEFFC2F5598FC52" box="[533,678,979,1003]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. brevicornis</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD42FC28563FFBB2" author="Stimpson, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
has 20 uniform blunt tentacles, not resembling the tentacles of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FEC5FBEE5690FB95" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[319,430,1044,1068]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FEC5FBEE5690FB95" box="[319,430,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in shape;
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FDE3FBEE57F3FBF4" authority="Stimpson, 1856" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1856" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FDE3FBEE55AFFB95" box="[537,657,1044,1068]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. producta</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD63FBEF57F3FBF4" author="Stimpson, W." pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="375 - 384" refId="ref4169" refString="Stimpson, W. 1856. Descriptions of some of the new marine invertebrata from the Chinese and Japanese seas. Proceedings of the Acad- emy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia 7: 375 - 384." type="journal article" year="1856">Stimpson, 1856</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
has 20 lines of sticky papillae on its column (
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FD62FBCE55CAFBF4" author="Pei, Z." box="[664,756,1077,1101]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" refId="ref4038" refString="Pei, Z. 1998. Fauna Sinica Coelenterata Actiniaria Ceriantharia Zoanthidea. Science Press, Beijing, 286 pp. [In Chinese]" type="book" year="1998">Pei 1998</bibRefCitation>
), while the surface of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE80FBAD56D3FBD4" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[378,493,1109,1133]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE80FBAD56D3FBD4" box="[378,493,1109,1133]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is smooth, and the body length of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FEFCFB8C56BCFB37" authorityName="Stimpson" authorityYear="1856" box="[262,386,1142,1166]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="producta">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FEFCFB8C56BCFB37" box="[262,386,1142,1166]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. producta</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
reaches
<quantity id="00329B6FFF89FF95FE1EFB8D5514FB34" box="[484,554,1142,1166]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.0" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="70.0">70 mm</quantity>
, larger than that of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FF66FB6C562DFB17" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[156,275,1174,1198]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FF66FB6C562DFB17" box="[156,275,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. Hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<quantity id="00329B6FFF89FF95FED9FB6D56ACFB17" box="[291,402,1174,1198]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.75" metricValueMax="2.0" metricValueMin="1.5" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" unit="mm" value="17.5" valueMax="20.0" valueMin="15.0">15–20 mm</quantity>
);
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE5CFB6C55FAFB17" authority="Carlgren, 1931" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" box="[422,708,1174,1198]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE5CFB6C551FFB17" box="[422,545,1174,1198]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. chinensis</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FDD1FB6D55FAFB17" author="Carlgren, O." box="[555,708,1174,1198]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref3701" refString="Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fur Zoologi 23: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren, 1931</bibRefCitation>
</taxonomicName>
most strongly resembles
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FE99FB4356E4FB76" box="[355,474,1207,1231]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE99FB4356E8FB76" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[355,470,1207,1231]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">H. hercules</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
but the shapes of retractors of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FF4CFB235610FB56" authorityName="Carlgren" authorityYear="1931" box="[182,302,1239,1263]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="chinensis">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FF4CFB235610FB56" box="[182,302,1239,1263]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. chinensis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are more circumscribed and strongly restrict-ed (
<bibRefCitation id="A35B4B7BFF89FF95FF3BFB03566AFAA9" author="Carlgren, O." box="[193,340,1272,1296]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" pagination="1 - 48" refId="ref3701" refString="Carlgren, O. 1931. Zur Kenntnis der Actiniaria Abasilaria. Arkiv fur Zoologi 23: 1 - 48." type="journal article" year="1931">Carlgren 1931</bibRefCitation>
; see also
<tableCitation id="8A480331FF89FF95FE4BFB0356C5FAA9" box="[433,507,1272,1296]" captionStart="Table 3" captionStartId="5.[156,204,190,212]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="Table 3. Comparison of Haloclava hercules sp. nov. and the other species of the genus Haloclava." pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Table 3</tableCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C775368AFF89FF95FF4FFAE3564FFA0B" blockId="5.[156,767,686,1459]" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">
The basitrichs of the acrosphere of
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FDD2FAE255A6FA89" authorityName="Izumi" authorityYear="2021" box="[552,664,1304,1328]" class="Anthozoa" family="Haloclavidae" genus="Haloclava" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="hercules">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FDD2FAE255A6FA89" box="[552,664,1304,1328]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">H. hercules</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, reaching 273 µm, are extremely large for
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FE0AFAC25566FAE8" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[496,600,1337,1361]" class="Anthozoa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="order">Actiniaria</taxonomicName>
, for which it is rare that basitrichs reach over 200 µm (e.g.,
<taxonomicName id="00CA4D09FF89FF95FDA0FAA257C6FA2B" authorityName="Izumi and Fujita" authorityYear="2019" class="Anthozoa" family="Edwardsiidae" genus="Edwardsia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="5" pageNumber="246" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="alternobomen">
<emphasis id="F5BEEA98FF89FF95FDA0FAA257C6FA2B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="246">Edwardsia alternobomen</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
). This is the maximum length record of basitrich among sea anemone.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
Reference in a new issue View git blame Copy permalink