253 lines
32 KiB
XML
253 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="79EF3CCD13BE2DE4EA1E2DC16097AACF" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFEDFF20FF76245AFCF58F1C" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Vampyressa (Metavampyressa) brocki Peterson 1968" docType="treatment" docVersion="9" lastPageNumber="128" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="126" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="AF341C4DE37F56E9959DDBD504E75778">
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<mods:title id="355C4FCC59748CFAB233318B2EF1BB3E">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="1C26355EEA7B0DC9B46C4631A9A9D85E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="F507E45C3370A688FD1008079F7B5694">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="EBB42FCB6A45E32EEA9719865FC037C9">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="3C5FC30DF8A9196E7D7CEEA586019129">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="904A56AF4E1F9D156D517AB90FCD0988">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="6A6461BF2FB4FEFB1CDAFDA0E6DC5652">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="4A3CDFF8F023488ECBB8767B9FCAD198">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="EBDAA5E3D5B2F558D212CC4CDA46F6B7">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="72CA943CB714DFEC690D7F6A9D924C1D">
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<mods:date id="A0BBDE4EB025F0D970C7EAC8836DFE10">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="EBC758D2D332019AF5E0C0AF2124C056">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E565F284DDC2ADE41F4B98CFACEB9DC6" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="FADF6289DD324A30CA7BEE23EBA056DE">237</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFEDFF20FF76245AFCF58F1C" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546403" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422331" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546403" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFEDFF20FF76245AFCF58F1C" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFEDFF20FF76245AFCF58F1C" lastPageId="128" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEDFFDEFF76245AFE138F47" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEDFFDEFF76245AFE138F47" blockId="126.[132,583,1608,1660]" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFFEDFFDEFF76245AFE138F47" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFF76245AFE138F47" ID-CoL="7FDSB" authority="Peterson" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki" subGenus="Metavampyressa">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFF76245AFE998F64" box="[132,274,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa</emphasis>
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||
(
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFED7245AFE618F64" box="[293,490,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Metavampyressa</emphasis>
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||
)
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFE0F245AFDCC8F64" box="[509,583,1608,1631]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">brocki</emphasis>
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Peterson
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEDFFDEFF892483FCC78AB9" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEDFFDEFF892483FCC78AB9" blockId="126.[94,622,1681,1763]" lastBlockId="126.[670,1199,845,1763]" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFEDFFDEFE762483FCC78AB9" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467309" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">6 females (AMNH *266311, *267471, *268566, *268567; MNHN *1995.1185, *1995.1186) and 1 male (AMNH *267184); see table 48 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFEDFF20FD4E219AFD558C2C" lastPageId="128" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEDFFDEFD4E219AFBC68CA1" blockId="126.[670,1199,845,1763]" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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IDENTIFICATION: As currently defined (
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFD5421B4FCF68A86" author="Koopman, K. F." box="[678,893,934,957]" editor="D. E. Wilson & D. M. Reeder" journalOrPublisher="Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" refId="ref96667" refString="1993. Order Chiroptera. In D. E. Wilson and D. M. Reeder (eds.), Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd ed.: 137 - 241. Washington, DC: Smithson. Inst. Press." title="Order Chiroptera" type="book" volumeTitle="Mammal species of the World, a taxonomic and geographic reference, 2 nd" year="1993">Koopman, 1993</bibRefCitation>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC6F21B4FBBE8A86" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[925,1077,934,957]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC6F21B4FBBE8A86" box="[925,1077,934,957]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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includes three subgenera and five species:
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBCA21D6FD7C8AC3" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Metavampyressa</emphasis>
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(including
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC6221F3FC518AC3" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[912,986,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC6221F3FC518AC3" box="[912,986,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">brocki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFBD421F3FB168AC3" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[1062,1181,993,1016]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nymphaea">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBD421F3FB168AC3" box="[1062,1181,993,1016]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">nymphaea</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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),
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFD6C21EDFCA78D2D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[670,812,1023,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFD6C21EDFCA78D2D" box="[670,812,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(including
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC4A21EDFB848D2D" box="[952,1039,1023,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="melissa">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC4A21EDFB848D2D" box="[952,1039,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">melissa</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFBBC21EDFB168D2D" box="[1102,1181,1023,1046]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBBC21EDFB168D2D" box="[1102,1181,1023,1046]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">pusilla</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFD23260FFCEC8D0F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[721,871,1053,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyriscus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFD23260FFCEC8D0F" box="[721,871,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyriscus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(including
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC01260FFBB48D0F" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[1011,1087,1053,1076]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC01260FFBB48D0F" box="[1011,1087,1053,1076]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">bidens</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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only). In part because of confusion in the literature regarding middorsal stripes in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC19264BFBF28D4B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1900" box="[1003,1145,1113,1136]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC19264BFBF28D4B" box="[1003,1145,1113,1136]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(see discussion below), unambiguous identifications must still be based on
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFC112686FB268D90" author="Peterson, R. L. & J. R. Tamsitt" bookContentInfo="7 pp." box="[995,1197,1172,1195]" journalOrPublisher="Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" refId="ref99278" refString="Peterson, R. L., and J. R. Tamsitt 1968. A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12: 7 pp." title="A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R" type="book" year="1968">Peterson’s (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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review, which included a key (subsequently reproduced by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFCA326C2FBFC8DDC" author="Lewis, S. E. & D. E. Wilson" bookContentInfo="5 pp." box="[849,1143,1232,1255]" journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 292" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" refId="ref97117" refString="Lewis, S. E., and D. E. Wilson 1987. Vampyressa pusilla. Mamm. Species 292: 5 pp." title="Vampyressa pusilla" type="book" year="1987">Lewis and Wilson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
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). Information about specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFBF826FCFBFC8C3E" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[1034,1143,1262,1285]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBF826FCFB978C3E" box="[1034,1052,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">V</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBDF26FCFBFC8C3E" box="[1069,1143,1262,1285]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">brocki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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collected after 1968 can be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFBC7271EFCFB8C7A" author="Baker, R. J. & H. H. Genoways" editor="S. California Acad" journalOrPublisher="Sci." pageId="126" pageNumber="126" pagination="54" part="71" refId="ref91418" refString="Baker, R. J., and H. H. Genoways 1972. The phyllostomatid bat, Vampyressa brocki, in Colombia. Bull. S. California Acad. Sci. 71: 54." title="The phyllostomatid bat, Vampyressa brocki" type="journal article" volumeTitle="Colombia. Bull" year="1972">Baker and Genoways (1972)</bibRefCitation>
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, Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFBC12738FD788C65" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="126" pageNumber="126" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFCA82755FD778C47" author="Williams, S. L. & H. H. Genoways" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="126" pageNumber="126" pagination="213 - 236" part="49" refId="ref102406" refString="Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways 1980 a. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 213 - 236." title="Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1980">Williams and Genoways (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
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||
. No subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFC2C2774FBC18C46" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[990,1098,1381,1405]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFC2C2774FC7B8C46" box="[990,1008,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">V</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBF22774FBC18C46" box="[1024,1098,1382,1405]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">brocki</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are currently recognized (Koopman, 1994).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEDFFDEFD4927B3FD7D8F9C" blockId="126.[670,1199,845,1763]" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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Our voucher material, apparently the largest series of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFCCA27ADFB908CED" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[824,1051,1471,1494]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFCCA27ADFB908CED" box="[824,1051,1471,1494]" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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collected at a single locality, conforms in all respects with
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||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFEDFFDEFD2D27E9FC3B8F29" author="Peterson, R. L. & J. R. Tamsitt" bookContentInfo="7 pp." box="[735,944,1531,1554]" journalOrPublisher="Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" refId="ref99278" refString="Peterson, R. L., and J. R. Tamsitt 1968. A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12: 7 pp." title="A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R" type="book" year="1968">Peterson’s (1968)</bibRefCitation>
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original description. Although our measurement data broadly overlap those previously reported for the species, some Paracou specimens are slightly smaller than any hitherto reported in the literature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFEDFF20FD4924BCFEF28C36" blockId="126.[670,1199,845,1763]" lastBlockId="128.[94,623,830,1763]" lastPageId="128" lastPageNumber="128" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">
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Peterson’s original description of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFEDFFDEFBA124BCFCA68FD8" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="126" pageNumber="126" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFEDFFDEFBA124BCFCA68FD8" italics="true" pageId="126" pageNumber="126">Vampyressa brocki</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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was not ambiguous, but discrep ant readings are current in the literature. Thus,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF13FF20FF54214EFDAF8A48" author="Williams, S. L. & H. H. Genoways" box="[166,548,860,883]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="128" pageNumber="128" pagination="213 - 236" part="49" refId="ref102406" refString="Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways 1980 a. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 213 - 236." title="Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1980">Williams and Genoways (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
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stated that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FF60216BFF768AAB" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[146,253,889,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FF60216BFF2F8AAB" box="[146,164,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FF41216BFF768AAB" box="[179,253,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
lacks a middorsal stripe, citing Peterson as their authority, whereas other authors have evidently interpreted Peterson to mean that a stripe is present in this species (e.g.,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF13FF20FF5921FCFE678D3E" author="Lewis, S. E. & D. E. Wilson" bookContentInfo="5 pp." box="[171,492,1006,1029]" journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 292" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" refId="ref97117" refString="Lewis, S. E., and D. E. Wilson 1987. Vampyressa pusilla. Mamm. Species 292: 5 pp." title="Vampyressa pusilla" type="book" year="1987">Lewis and Wilson, 1987</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF13FF20FDF821FCFF468D18" author="Peterson, R. L. & J. R. Tamsitt" bookContentInfo="7 pp." journalOrPublisher="Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" refId="ref99278" refString="Peterson, R. L., and J. R. Tamsitt 1968. A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12: 7 pp." title="A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R" type="book" year="1968">Peterson (1968: 1)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
himself clearly stated that the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FF2F263BFEAC8D7B" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[221,295,1065,1088]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FF2F263BFEAC8D7B" box="[221,295,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is ‘‘greyish brown above with a faint indistinct dorsal whitish stripe.’’ A diagrammatic character summary accompanying the original description (op. cit.: fig. 6), however, does not distinguish between the faint middorsal stripe of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FE8D26AEFE428DE8" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[383,457,1212,1235]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FE8D26AEFE428DE8" box="[383,457,1212,1235]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and the much brighter markings of two other congeners (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FF9526E5FF558C35" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1909" box="[103,222,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nymphaea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FF9526E5FF558C35" box="[103,222,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">nymphaea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FEEF26E5FEE28C35" baseAuthorityName="Spix" baseAuthorityYear="1823" box="[285,361,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Tonatia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bidens">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FEEF26E5FEE28C35" box="[285,361,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">bidens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFFECFFDFFF682407FC0F8FAE" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545162" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545162" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545162/files/figure.png" pageId="127" pageNumber="127" startId="127.[154,192,1557,1578]" targetBox="[219,1142,208,1536]" targetPageId="127">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFECFFDFFF682407FC0F8FAE" blockId="127.[128,1233,1557,1685]" pageId="127" pageNumber="127">
|
||
Fig. 51. Leaftent roost of the type inhabited by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFECFFDFFD462404FC188F10" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1866" box="[692,915,1558,1579]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Uroderma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="127" pageNumber="127" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bilobatum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFECFFDFFD462404FC188F10" box="[692,915,1558,1579]" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="127">Uroderma bilobatum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, in a wet opening in swampy primary forest at Paracou. This simple conical shelter, made by cutting the midrib of a
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFECFFDFFBE72422FF708F5B" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="127" pageNumber="127" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guyannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFECFFDFFBE72422FF708F5B" italics="true" pageId="127" pageNumber="127">Phenakospermum guyannense</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
frond (arrow), was unoccupied when we found it, but an identical tent nearby contained three bats. Because it is difficult to approach such roosts without alarming the inhabitants, we found many empty tents that might have contained bats only moments before.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF13FF20FF892706FF278F2E" blockId="128.[94,623,830,1763]" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">Our Paracou vouchers have a middorsal stripe, but it is extremely faint and is visible only when the dry dorsal pelage is carefully brushed. The stripe is hard to see under any conditions because it is only slightly paler than the surrounding fur, and it becomes quite invisible when the fur is wet (precluding observation in alcoholpreserved specimens).</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF13FF20FF89240EFD558C2C" blockId="128.[94,623,830,1763]" lastBlockId="128.[670,1199,830,1575]" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">
|
||
Because the dorsal stripe is hard to see,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FFAC242BFECF8F6B" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[94,324,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FFAC242BFECF8F6B" box="[94,324,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">Vampyressa brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
externally resembles
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FDA7242BFF268F55" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FDA7242BFDEC8F6B" box="[597,615,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">V</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FFAC2445FF268F55" box="[94,173,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with which it might be confused in the field. The latter species entirely lacks a dorsal stripe and shares several traits with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FFAC24BDFF238FFD" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[94,168,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FFAC24BDFF238FFD" box="[94,168,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, including small size, two pairs of lower incisors, and absence of m3 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF13FF20FDF324DEFD568A6E" author="Peterson, R. L. & J. R. Tamsitt" bookContentInfo="7 pp." box="[513,733,830,1763]" journalOrPublisher="Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" refId="ref99278" refString="Peterson, R. L., and J. R. Tamsitt 1968. A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R. Ontario Mus. Life Sci. Occas. Pap. 12: 7 pp." title="A new species of bat of the genus Sturnira (family Phyllostomatidae) from northwestern South America. R" type="book" year="1968">Peterson, 1968</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Characters that unambiguously distinguish
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FD18214EFCBF8A48" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[746,820,860,883]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FD18214EFCBF8A48" box="[746,820,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FC8B214EFC438A48" box="[889,968,860,883]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FC8B214EFC438A48" box="[889,968,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
include a suite of craniodental features (op. cit.), of which the most useful include: (1) form of the inner upper incisors (tapering to a point in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FBAF21A4FB2C8AF6" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[1117,1191,950,973]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FBAF21A4FB2C8AF6" box="[1117,1191,950,973]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, bilobed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FCD221C6FCE48AD0" box="[800,879,980,1003]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FCD221C6FCE48AD0" box="[800,879,980,1003]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (2) shape of the anterior lower premolar (lowcrowned and bladelike in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FD332602FC808D1C" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[705,779,1040,1063]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FD332602FC808D1C" box="[705,779,1040,1063]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, with higher crown and spearlike anterior cusp in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FCAF263CFC278D7E" box="[861,940,1070,1093]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FCAF263CFC278D7E" box="[861,940,1070,1093]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and (3) shape of the nasal aperture (with straight ventral border in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FD6C2678FD638DBA" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" box="[670,744,1130,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FD6C2678FD638DBA" box="[670,744,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Vshaped ventral border in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FBBC2678FB168DBA" box="[1102,1181,1130,1153]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pusilla">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FBBC2678FB168DBA" box="[1102,1181,1130,1153]" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">pusilla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The latter character is visible only on cleaned skulls, but the distinction is unambiguous and provides a means of unequivocally identifying old individuals with worn or broken teeth.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF13FF20FD49270DFCF58F1C" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF13FF20FD49270DFCF58F1C" blockId="128.[670,1199,830,1575]" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: Of the seven
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF13FF20FB9D270DFCC08C6F" authorityName="Peterson" authorityYear="1968" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Vampyressa" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="128" pageNumber="128" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brocki">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF13FF20FB9D270DFCC08C6F" italics="true" pageId="128" pageNumber="128">Vampyressa brocki</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
we captured at Paracou, four were taken in groundlevel mistnets and three in elevated nets. One of the groundlevel captures was in welldrained primary forest, two were in creekside primary forest, and one was in a manmade clearing. The elevated net captures were made 17–21 m over a narrow dirt road.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |