205 lines
26 KiB
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205 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="5BDCBE8BBC9FBDBFCD985B0632F46F87" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFE7FFD7FD2C26B4FF7F8A87" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Ectophylla macconnelli" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="119" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="116" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="052305BA48754CAF3AFE050E8D2F049F">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D3E9850D83EA3A267A6D01AF8D1662E6" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="713BB1B5E271AA91718EB946DEA3494D">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="02F8A9EAE1B2979AA347EAF03CDA30C1">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="320D927BC9946D553A5FDF88039571A7">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="841A55D0EC8CC06F668F4CC7C5801B3B">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="AF3FD834D85222D302772F76F32E65A2">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="BD6337F9EE5F6900848695EFF4F42BBF">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="C11EBA3362F5DDCFFFA985E54F90F91C">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="15079D68C56E287B4093536EF6105BE5">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="4FB53B38B162117177AA3C584F2FAE4D">237</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFE7FFD7FD2C26B4FF7F8A87" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546519" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422333" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFE7FFD7FD2C26B4FF7F8A87" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFE7FFD7FD2C26B4FF7F8A87" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFE7FFD4FD2C26B4FBE58D86" box="[734,1134,1190,1213]" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE7FFD4FD2C26B4FBE58D86" blockId="116.[734,1134,1190,1213]" box="[734,1134,1190,1213]" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE7FFD4FD2C26B4FBE58D86" ID-CoL="855PQ" authority="(Thomas)" box="[734,1134,1190,1213]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE7FFD4FD2C26B4FC788D86" box="[734,1011,1190,1213]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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(Thomas)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFE7FFD4FD4926CBFC908C9B" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE7FFD4FD4926CBFC908C9B" blockId="116.[670,1198,1241,1763]" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFE7FFD4FC3626CBFC908C9B" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467312" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">9 females (AMNH *267281, *267537, *267538, *267556, *267558, *267559; MNHN *1995.1181, *1995.1182, *1995.1183) and 4 males (AMNH *267557, *267562, *268539; MNHN *1995.1184); see table 43 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFE7FFD5FD4927B4FD868DCB" lastPageId="117" lastPageNumber="117" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE7FFD4FD4927B4FD628FD8" blockId="116.[670,1198,1241,1763]" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">
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IDENTIFICATION: We consulted descriptions and measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE7FFD4FC6E27D6FB258CE0" box="[924,1198,1476,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE7FFD4FC6E27D6FB258CE0" box="[924,1198,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="116" pageNumber="116">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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provided by Goodwin and Greenhall (1962), Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE7FFD4FCAD27ECFBBE8F2E" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" box="[863,1077,1534,1557]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="116" pageNumber="116" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE7FFD4FBB727ECFC3B8F08" author="Williams, S. L. & H. H. Genoways" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="116" pageNumber="116" pagination="213 - 236" part="49" refId="ref102406" refString="Williams, S. L., and H. H. Genoways 1980 a. Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 49: 213 - 236." title="Results of the Alcoa Foundation-Suriname Expeditions. II. Additional records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1980">Williams and Genoways (1980a)</bibRefCitation>
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, Brosset and Charles Dominique (1990), and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE7FFD4FC11242BFD648F56" author="Kunz, T. H. & I. M. Pena" bookContentInfo="5 pp." journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 405" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" refId="ref96794" refString="Kunz, T. H., and I. M. Pena 1992. Mesophylla macconnelii. Mamm. Species 405: 5 pp." title="Mesophylla macconnelii" type="book" year="1992">Kunz and Pena (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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. Two subspecies are currently recognized, of which the nominate
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE7FFD4FBE92466FB258FB0" box="[1051,1198,1652,1675]" form="occurs" pageId="116" pageNumber="116" rank="form">form occurs</taxonomicName>
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throughout most of the humid Neotropical lowlands, including the Guianas (Koopman, 1994).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE6FFD5FF6F212CFD868DCB" blockId="117.[128,657,830,1763]" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">
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Our Paracou series conforms in all respects to previous descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FDE1214EFE928AAB" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FDE1214EFE928AAB" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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except that of
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FE04216BFE368A96" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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, who reported unusually high values for length of the maxillary toothrow (6.7–7.4 mm) in their French Guianan material. By contrast, the observed range for this measurement in our series (5.61–6.09 mm) falls within the range previously reported by other authors (5.5–6.6 mm). Because the other external and craniodental measurements reported by Brosset and CharlesDominique are not aberrant, we presume that their maxillary toothrow measurements were erroneously reported.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFE6FFD7FF6F26E4FF7F8A87" lastPageId="119" lastPageNumber="119" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE6FFD5FF6F26E4FE9A8C9B" blockId="117.[128,657,830,1763]" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">
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FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We caught 13
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FDA326E5FED58C10" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FDA326E5FED58C10" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at Paracou, of which only 1 was taken in a mistnet; the remaining 12 were caught at roosts. Our single mistnet capture was at ground level in swampy primary forest.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE6FFD5FF6F27B4FC5B8A96" blockId="117.[128,657,830,1763]" lastBlockId="117.[704,1233,830,1205]" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">
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We found three roosting groups of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FDA327B5FEED8CE0" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FDA327B5FEED8CE0" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of which inhabited leaftents (fig. 47) made from the bifid terminal leaflets of fronds of young understory palms provisionally identified as
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FDD3240EFEB58F6B" authorityName="Pulle" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Miq." class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciophilum">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FDD3240EFEB58F6B" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Astrocaryum sciophilum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. In all construction details that we noted, these tents exactly resembled those described above in the accounts for
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FF722483FEFF8F93" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[128,372,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Rhinophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pumilio">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FF722483FEFF8F93" box="[128,372,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Rhinophylla pumilio</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FE4A2483FD028F93" baseAuthorityName="Gervais" baseAuthorityYear="1856" box="[440,649,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Artibeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cinereus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FE4A2483FD028F93" box="[440,649,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Artibeus cinereus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. All three roosts were in welldrained primary forest. One roosting group of seven bats, col lected in its entirety, consisted of two adult males and five adult females. Another entire group of three consisted of one adult male and two adult females.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE6FFD5FD2C21A6FB5B8D8E" blockId="117.[704,1233,830,1205]" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">
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Our roost observations, together with those reported by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FC6721C3FBB88AD3" author="Foster, M. S." box="[917,1075,977,1000]" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" pagination="447 - 454" part="24" refId="ref93140" refString="Foster, M. S. 1992. Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vam- pyressa macconnelli). Biotropica 24: 447 - 454." title="Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vam- pyressa macconnelli)" type="journal article" year="1992">Foster (1992)</bibRefCitation>
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and Charles Dominique (1993), suggest that
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FBA121FDFCC58D18" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FBA121FDFCC58D18" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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regularly inhabits tents manufactured from the leaves of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FBC9263BFB5A8D7B" authorityName="G.F.W.Meyer" authorityYear="1818" box="[1083,1233,1065,1088]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FBC9263BFB5A8D7B" box="[1083,1233,1065,1088]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Astrocaryum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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palms.
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<superScript id="30C5E04EFFE6FFD5FCFF2657FC958D68" attach="left" box="[781,798,1093,1107]" fontSize="6" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">12</superScript>
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Because the undersurfaces of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FB7A2655FC9C8D40" authorityName="G.F.W.Meyer" authorityYear="1818" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FB7A2655FC9C8D40" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Astrocaryum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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leaves are characteristically whitish (
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FD3A2693FC7C8DA3" author="Henderson, A. & G. Galeano & R. Bernal" box="[712,1015,1153,1176]" journalOrPublisher="Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" refId="ref95355" refString="Henderson, A., G. Galeano, and R. Bernal 1995. Field guide to the palms of the Americas. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Univ. Press." title="Field guide to the palms of the Americas" type="book" year="1995">Henderson et al., 1995</bibRefCitation>
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), we agree with
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FD32268CFC0A8D8E" author="Hingston, R. W. G." box="[704,897,1182,1205]" journalOrPublisher="New York: Longmans, Green" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" refId="ref95570" refString="Hingston, R. W. G. 1932. A naturalist in the Guiana forest. New York: Longmans, Green." title="A naturalist in the Guiana forest" type="book" year="1932">Hingston (1932)</bibRefCitation>
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that the unsually pale fur of
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE6FFD5FD2526FCFB978FD9" blockId="117.[704,1233,1262,1762]" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">
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||
<superScript id="30C5E04EFFE6FFD5FD2526FCFD6E8DC2" attach="right" box="[727,741,1262,1273]" fontSize="5" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">12</superScript>
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FD1926FDFC0E8C39" author="Emmons, L. H." box="[747,901,1263,1282]" journalOrPublisher="Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" refId="ref92899" refString="Emmons, L. H. 1990. Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press." title="Neotropical rainforest mammals: a field guide" type="book" year="1990">Emmons (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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was apparently the first to report that
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FD1B2718FC4E8C26" box="[745,965,1290,1309]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FD1B2718FC4E8C26" box="[745,965,1290,1309]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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inhabits palmleaf tents, but she did not identify the host plant. Roosts have been reported in the foliage of other palms (and aroids), but multiple independent observations of occupied bifid tents in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FCE22767FC038CB3" authorityName="G.F.W.Meyer" authorityYear="1818" box="[784,904,1397,1416]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FCE22767FC038CB3" box="[784,904,1397,1416]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Astrocaryum</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
|
||
spp. from opposite ends of Amazonia suggest that this genus is favored by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FB9E279DFCBA8C86" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FB9E279DFCBA8C86" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Emmons’ (1990, 1997) suggestion that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FB4E27B8FCBA8CE3" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FB4E27B8FB418C86" box="[1212,1226,1450,1469]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FD3227D7FCBA8CE3" box="[704,817,1477,1496]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sometimes inhabits hollow trees was based on Handley’s (1976: 30) report of one individual ‘‘found roosting in a tree.’’ However, the original field record for the specimen in question (USNM 405185) notes ‘‘shot in tree after frightened up‘‘—the bat having presumably been dislodged from an unobserved roost in the undergrowth. All other published accounts (including
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FD32246DFCC08FA9" author="Beebe, W." box="[704,843,1663,1682]" journalOrPublisher="Zoologica" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" pagination="4 - 193" part="6" refId="ref91666" refString="Beebe, W. 1925. Studies of a tropical jungle; one quarter of a square mile of jungle at Kartabo, British Guiana. Zoologica 6: 4 - 193." title="Studies of a tropical jungle; one quarter of a square mile of jungle at Kartabo, British Guiana" type="journal article" year="1925">Beebe [1925]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FC92246DFB8E8FA9" author="Hingston, R. W. G." box="[864,1029,1663,1682]" journalOrPublisher="New York: Longmans, Green" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" refId="ref95570" refString="Hingston, R. W. G. 1932. A naturalist in the Guiana forest. New York: Longmans, Green." title="A naturalist in the Guiana forest" type="book" year="1932">Hingston [1932]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, CharlesDominique [1993], and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FCC72488FC688F96" author="Kunz, T. H. & M. S. Fujita & A. P. Brooke & G. F. McCracken" box="[821,995,1690,1709]" journalOrPublisher="J. Mammal. Evol." pageId="117" pageNumber="117" pagination="57 - 78" part="2" refId="ref96742" refString="Kunz, T. H., M. S. Fujita, A. P. Brooke, and G. F. McCracken 1994. Convergence in tent architecture and tent-making behavior among Neotropical and Paleotropical bats. J. Mammal. Evol. 2: 57 - 78." title="Convergence in tent architecture and tent-making behavior among Neotropical and Paleotropical bats" type="journal article" year="1994">Kunz et al. [1994]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
in addition to references cited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFE6FFD5FCE624A7FC1F8FF3" author="Foster, M. S." box="[788,916,1717,1736]" journalOrPublisher="Biotropica" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" pagination="447 - 454" part="24" refId="ref93140" refString="Foster, M. S. 1992. Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vam- pyressa macconnelli). Biotropica 24: 447 - 454." title="Tent roosts of Macconnell's bat (Vam- pyressa macconnelli)" type="journal article" year="1992">Foster [1992]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) explicitly identify foliage as the roosting substrate of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE6FFD5FC7B24DDFB9D8FD9" box="[905,1046,1743,1762]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="117" pageNumber="117" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FC7B24DDFC1C8FD9" box="[905,919,1743,1762]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE6FFD5FC5724DDFB9D8FD9" box="[933,1046,1743,1762]" italics="true" pageId="117" pageNumber="117">macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="93CF1D8EFFE5FFD6FF8A2402FC3E8FAB" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545154" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545154" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545154/files/figure.png" pageId="118" pageNumber="118" startId="118.[120,158,1552,1573]" targetBox="[207,1084,208,1531]" targetPageId="118">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE5FFD6FF8A2402FC3E8FAB" blockId="118.[94,1198,1552,1680]" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">
|
||
Fig. 47. Roost of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE5FFD6FEBA2402FDCA8F1E" box="[328,577,1552,1573]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE5FFD6FEBA2402FDCA8F1E" box="[328,577,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">Ectophylla macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in welldrained primary forest at Paracou. Made from the bifid terminal leaflet of a young palm (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE5FFD6FDE82439FCCC8F7B" authorityName="Pulle" authorityYear="1906" baseAuthorityName="Miq." box="[538,839,1579,1600]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Astrocaryum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Arecales" pageId="118" pageNumber="118" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sciophilum">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE5FFD6FDE82439FD2A8F7B" box="[538,673,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">Astrocaryum</emphasis>
|
||
cf.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE5FFD6FD262439FCCC8F7B" box="[724,839,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">sciophilum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), this shelter contained three
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE5FFD6FB652439FF558F60" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="118" pageNumber="118" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE5FFD6FB652439FB2C8F7B" box="[1175,1191,1579,1600]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE5FFD6FFAC2454FF558F60" box="[94,222,1606,1627]" italics="true" pageId="118" pageNumber="118">macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(one adult male and two adult females) hanging in a tight cluster from the midrib about 1.5 m above the ground (arrow). Note the much sparser undergrowth at this primaryforest site than that surrounding an otherwise similar roost in secondary vegetation (figure 43).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFE4FFD7FF72215FFF7F8A87" blockId="119.[128,657,845,956]" pageId="119" pageNumber="119">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFE4FFD7FF72215FFEB88A5F" box="[128,307,845,868]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Ectophylla" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="119" pageNumber="119" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="macconnelli">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE4FFD7FF72215FFF198A5F" box="[128,146,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="119">E</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFE4FFD7FF57215FFEB88A5F" box="[165,307,845,868]" italics="true" pageId="119" pageNumber="119">macconnelli</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is correlated with the background color of its typical roosts, perhaps making the bats less conspicuous to diurnal predators.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |