304 lines
36 KiB
XML
304 lines
36 KiB
XML
<document id="47935DECD40004A2D2F8CB251289E1B6" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFD8FFECFCFC269AFC8C8F4B" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Micronycteris megalotis" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="76" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="75" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo id="700A58F9D6B8C2BD6402A6D3461590BF">
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<mods:title id="C08096711D8ECD974FB2AFA680552738">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="7A41DE1FDD61F46B3E7DEC97A104CC58" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="E9C272EFE67FAFBCAA06142F413E510B">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="7636EFB41F53FEC80186317FAD0C31F3">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2A80B79101761BCEFAC1169AA51C2868">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:roleTerm id="3201C02CF8152766B07F1F6FF7D4028E">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="7BFF365638D58D30D792970ABCD6D1A8">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="7452792ACD74F294A543DC9DEA05445A">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="8D79FD2C157045387FCF4DD26AD3ECAC">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="977B9756543D7469584A925DA00CE516">
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<mods:date id="03441531AC8346E16F2834E5995D960A">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="4ECB8F1064E16183B2124E650BD74DCE">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="E08E5F0B8A1F1586DFDD0D92A33CE2DA" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="04B61485D46E47ED20A0BACCB7742A6C">237</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="05C5C4A1F987626939A069D4B73CEB91">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="44A2D3FA51590088D1ED6A36613F0C8C" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D8C7F656A0E446E66BAD25CCED8C53A1" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFD8FFECFCFC269AFC8C8F4B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546467" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422348" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546467" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFD8FFECFCFC269AFC8C8F4B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFD8FFECFCFC269AFC8C8F4B" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFD8FFEBFCFC269AFB098DA4" box="[782,1154,1160,1183]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFD8FFEBFCFC269AFB098DA4" blockId="75.[782,1154,1160,1183]" box="[782,1154,1160,1183]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFCFC269AFB098DA4" ID-CoL="7VV67" authority="(Gray)" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[782,1154,1160,1183]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFCFC269AFBA08DA4" box="[782,1067,1160,1183]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
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(Gray)
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFD8FFEBFD2F26AEFC4A8C5E" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFD8FFEBFD2F26AEFC4A8C5E" blockId="75.[704,1233,1212,1763]" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFD8FFEBFC1426AEFC4A8C5E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467343" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">4 females (AMNH *267092, *267862; MNHN *1995.809, *1995.811) and 7 males (AMNH *266020, *267090, *267091, 267863; MNHN *1995.803, *1995.804, 1995.810); see table 24 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFD8FFECFD2F277EFB1F8D9F" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFD8FFECFD2F277EFDB68830" blockId="75.[704,1233,1212,1763]" lastBlockId="76.[94,623,214,1763]" lastPageId="76" lastPageNumber="76" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">
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IDENTIFICATION: Characters distinguishing
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFD32279BFC698C9B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[704,994,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFD32279BFC698C9B" box="[704,994,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from other congeneric species were summarized under the species account for
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFC4227D6FBBD8CE0" authorityName="Simmons & Voss" authorityYear="1998" box="[944,1078,1476,1499]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="brosseti">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFC4227D6FC438CE0" box="[944,968,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFC2827D6FBBD8CE0" box="[986,1078,1476,1499]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">brosseti</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(above); additional diagnostic information can be found in Simmons (1996b). Comparative measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFCC3240EFC298F08" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[817,930,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFCC3240EFC298F08" box="[817,930,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">megalotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from the Guianas can be found in
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFD8FFEBFCC7242BFC6B8F6B" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[821,992,1593,1616]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
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, 1978) and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFD8FFEBFB8B242BFBB58F56" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. Many previous accounts of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFC512466FB9F8FB0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[931,1044,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFC512466FB9F8FB0" box="[931,1044,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">megalotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(e.g., Sanborn, 1949; Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFD8FFEBFC362483FB008F93" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" box="[964,1163,1681,1704]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="75" pageNumber="75" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways, 1979</bibRefCitation>
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||
;
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFD8FFEBFB652483FD768FFE" author="Hall, E. R." journalOrPublisher="New York: Wiley and Sons" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" refId="ref94782" refString="Hall, E. R. 1981. Mammals of North America, 2 nd ed. New York: Wiley and Sons." title="Mammals of North America, 2 nd ed" type="book" year="1981">Hall, 1981</bibRefCitation>
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||
; Koopman, 1994) treated
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFD8FFEBFBCA24BDFB1C8FFD" box="[1080,1175,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="75" pageNumber="75" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFD8FFEBFBCA24BDFB1C8FFD" box="[1080,1175,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="75" pageNumber="75">microtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as a subspecies, so such references must be used with care. No subspecies of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE5822C5FDC889D5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[426,579,214,238]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE5822C5FE4989D5" box="[426,450,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">M</emphasis>
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||
.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE2022C5FDC889D5" box="[466,579,215,238]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are presently recognized (Simmons, 1996b).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFDFFFECFF892303FDCB8A96" blockId="76.[94,623,214,1763]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
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Handley (1976) reported that
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE272303FF65887D" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE272303FF65887D" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFEDD233DFE32887D" box="[303,441,302,326]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEDD233DFECC887D" box="[303,327,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEA8233DFE32887D" box="[346,441,303,326]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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occur sympatrically in Venezuela, but
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFDFFFECFE3D235EFE1188BB" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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were the first authors to discuss diagnostic characters. They noted that, although the dentition is similar in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFF8D23D3FF7B88E3" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[127,240,449,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFF8D23D3FF7B88E3" box="[127,240,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFEC223D3FE0488E3" box="[304,399,449,472]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEC223D3FE0488E3" box="[304,399,449,472]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, these species can be distinguished easily on the basis of ear length (longer in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFECF23EEFE258B28" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[317,430,508,531]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFECF23EEFE258B28" box="[317,430,508,531]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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). According to Brosset and CharlesDominique, the palate is also slightly longer and wider and the braincase is slightly higher in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE692046FD878B50" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[411,524,596,619]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
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||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE692046FD878B50" box="[411,524,596,619]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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than in
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFFAC2063FF368BB3" box="[94,189,625,648]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFFAC2063FF368BB3" box="[94,189,625,648]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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. Palatal shape differences were attributed by these authors to differences in length and width of the maxillary toothrow, although the measurements they reported indicated species overlap in both dimensions. In addition to ear and craniodental differences,
|
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFDFFFECFF302133FF608A6E" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990: 522)</bibRefCitation>
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observed that ‘‘the ventral surface of
|
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFF32214EFEBA8A48" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[192,305,860,883]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFF32214EFEBA8A48" box="[192,305,860,883]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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is lighter than the dorsal surface, but this is not the case for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFDFA216BFDEC8AAB" box="[520,615,889,912]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFDFA216BFDEC8AAB" box="[520,615,889,912]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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, which is grey brown above and below.’’
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||
</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFDFFFECFF8921A6FDA18C86" blockId="76.[94,623,214,1763]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
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Simmons (1996b) agreed that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE0721A6FE848AD3" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE0721A6FE848AD3" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
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||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFEA021C3FE578AD3" box="[338,476,977,1000]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEA021C3FEE18AD3" box="[338,362,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE8F21C3FE578AD3" box="[381,476,977,1000]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are distinct species based on her examination of specimens from Paracou and elsewhere. She found that ear length is indeed different in these species although some overlap in measurements is apparent when the smallest specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFEF82693FEF08DA3" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[266,379,1153,1176]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEF82693FEF08DA3" box="[266,379,1153,1176]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are compared with the largest specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE70268DFE6A8D8D" box="[386,481,1183,1206]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE70268DFE6A8D8D" box="[386,481,1183,1206]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. No consistent differences in craniodental measurements or fur color were found when large samples of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFF0F26E5FEE58C35" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[253,366,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFF0F26E5FEE58C35" box="[253,366,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE3026E5FDAA8C35" box="[450,545,1271,1294]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE3026E5FDAA8C35" box="[450,545,1271,1294]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from many different localities were compared. However, Simmons identified one obvious difference between these species: the length of the hair on the leading edge of the pinna is relatively long (7–8 mm) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE3D279BFDCB8C9B" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[463,576,1417,1440]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE3D279BFDCB8C9B" box="[463,576,1417,1440]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
but is much shorter (
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEDB27B4FEB48C85" bold="true" box="[297,319,1446,1470]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">≤</emphasis>
|
||
3 mm) in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE3627B5FDA88C85" box="[452,547,1447,1470]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE3627B5FDA88C85" box="[452,547,1447,1470]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFDFFFECFF8927D6FBA18B7C" blockId="76.[94,623,214,1763]" lastBlockId="76.[670,1199,214,1648]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Our comparisons of specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFDEF27D6FEBE8CC3" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFDEF27D6FEBE8CC3" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE8127F3FE778CC3" box="[371,508,1505,1528]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE8127F3FE008CC3" box="[371,395,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE6F27F3FE778CC3" box="[413,508,1505,1528]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
collected at Paracou indicate that several features distinguish these species where they occur sympatrically in French Guiana: (1) length of dorsal fur over the upper back (long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFDD72445FF1B8FB0" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFDD72445FF1B8FB0" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[8–11 mm], shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFE382466FDA28FB0" box="[458,553,1652,1675]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFE382466FDA28FB0" box="[458,553,1652,1675]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[7–8 mm]), (2) color of the dorsal and ventral fur (dark graybrown in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFEAC24BDFE368FFD" box="[350,445,1711,1734]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFEAC24BDFE368FFD" box="[350,445,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, more reddish in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFF7024DEFF788FD8" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[130,243,1740,1763]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFF7024DEFF788FD8" box="[130,243,1740,1763]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), (3) length of the fur on the outside of the medial third of the ear pinna (long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFCFB22E1FCF18831" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[777,890,243,266]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFCFB22E1FCF18831" box="[777,890,243,266]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[7–8 mm], much shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFD4F2302FC97881C" box="[701,796,272,295]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFD4F2302FC97881C" box="[701,796,272,295]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFCDD231DFCCE881C" bold="true" box="[815,837,271,295]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">≤</emphasis>
|
||
3 mm]), (4) ear length (greater in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFD4F233FFCA5887F" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[701,814,301,324]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFD4F233FFCA5887F" box="[701,814,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[22–23 mm], shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFBBD233FFB25887F" box="[1103,1198,301,324]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFBBD233FFB25887F" box="[1103,1198,301,324]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[19–21 mm]), and (5) maxillary toothrow length (males only; long in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC152375FBD38845" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[999,1112,359,382]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC152375FBD38845" box="[999,1112,359,382]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[6.90– 7.15 mm], shorter in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC4C2391FB9688A1" box="[958,1053,387,410]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC4C2391FB9688A1" box="[958,1053,387,410]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[6.45–6.75 mm]). We found overlap in all other external and craniodental measurements although mean values for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC7223C8FC7A88CA" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[896,1009,474,497]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC7223C8FC7A88CA" box="[896,1009,474,497]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
are somewhat larger than mean values for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC1923E5FBC18B35" box="[1003,1098,503,526]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC1923E5FBC18B35" box="[1003,1098,503,526]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for several dimensions (e.g., greatest length of skull, condyloincisive length; table 24).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFDFFFECFD49205FFB1F8D9F" blockId="76.[670,1199,214,1648]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
|
||
Contra
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFDFFFECFCED205FFD658BBA" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, we did not find that the ventral fur is noticeably paler than the dorsal fur in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFB972095FD5B8B81" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFB972095FD5B8B81" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. In our experience, dorsal and ventral fur is approximately the same color in all individuals of both
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC7B20CFFC718BCF" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[905,1018,733,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC7B20CFFC718BCF" box="[905,1018,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFBBA20CFFB2C8BCF" box="[1096,1191,733,756]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFBBA20CFFB2C8BCF" box="[1096,1191,733,756]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. However, the reddish fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFBFB20E8FBF18A2A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1033,1146,762,785]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFBFB20E8FBF18A2A" box="[1033,1146,762,785]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
appears lighter in contrast to the dark wing membranes than does the graybrown ventral fur of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFD1C2142FCC68A5C" box="[750,845,848,871]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFD1C2142FCC68A5C" box="[750,845,848,871]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. The differences in fur color in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFD32217FFCBA8ABF" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[704,817,877,900]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFD32217FFCBA8ABF" box="[704,817,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC81217FFC598ABF" box="[883,978,877,900]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC81217FFC598ABF" box="[883,978,877,900]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we observed at Paracou are subtle and not discernable in wet specimens. These differences may also be obscured by bleaching in older material, possibly the reason for Simmons’ (1996b) previous inability to distinguish consistent pelage color contrasts between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFBFE2608FBF68D0A" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" box="[1036,1149,1050,1073]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFBFE2608FBF68D0A" box="[1036,1149,1050,1073]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFD6C2625FD768D75" box="[670,765,1079,1102]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="microtis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFD6C2625FD768D75" box="[670,765,1079,1102]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">microtis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in her preliminary survey of specimens collected at different times and places. Alternatively, the differences we observed at Paracou might be geographically variable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFDFFFECFD4926B8FC8C8F4B" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFDFFFECFD4926B8FC8C8F4B" blockId="76.[670,1199,214,1648]" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We captured 11
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFB7626B8FC118DE5" baseAuthorityName="Gray" baseAuthorityYear="1842" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="megalotis">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFB7626B8FC118DE5" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Micronycteris megalotis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at Paracou, of which 8 were taken in groundlevel mistnets (1 in welldrained primary forest and 7 in swampy primary forest) and the other 3 at a roost. The single roost we found was in the central cavity of a large buttressed tree growing in welldrained primary forest (fig. 25). The roosting group consisted of four bats hanging together in a tight cluster from the roof of the cavernous lower chamber about 2.5 m above the ground; two adult males and one adult female were captured and one bat escaped. A solitary adult male
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFDFFFECFC8C2432FBF08F0C" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[894,1147,1568,1591]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Carollia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="76" pageNumber="76" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="perspicillata">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFDFFFECFC8C2432FBF08F0C" box="[894,1147,1568,1591]" italics="true" pageId="76" pageNumber="76">Carollia perspicillata</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was simultaneously found roosting in the same chamber.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |