277 lines
32 KiB
XML
277 lines
32 KiB
XML
<document id="CD464CD76E020E7D23FF7229A5E29BB2" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FFAFFF9DFD2D26D9FBFF8C02" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Glyphonycteris sylvestris Thomas 1896" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="61" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="60" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:mods id="689DD1623DFDAE0B4E1593B94E41C98F" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo id="279ED4BCB54E0AAD61D33A44719952B1">
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<mods:title id="1EE9EC090DD69716699F44B4697FAF85">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="FD87E54FCE170C279E66A0B1F724F097" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="4159334DD0657D772558AA4A2A610421">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="8003F276B0AEC3F5A49493B770E7D778">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="200E8194FAFA4C1BE67C818A84768AB0">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:roleTerm id="00377107A33F36B80B82217099780D48">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="ACEE008B419F01E6070F4440FF2562D9">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="A395D7E8548F53C4DB160E1CF62A3A5A">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="878B8A3CB17AC9423E66780CA7E88EDC">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="5BE0A5769BF5BF7EBACC45109C8E9FC9">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="82AD075A6CF14330B4CD2FF2F5F41065">
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<mods:date id="167173825C2CB2D7C662F7801066C123">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="FA7A89445117AE0C47AA01A93F923F0B" type="pubDate">
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<mods:number id="73FFC4395639478ADA08696882DA2D51">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail id="4EC430A0D3CC116FF23D3B6743D775B2" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="765A9CD1120FF1400AA769D95CD75BF8">237</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D7B8F615F96DBE4F7F632833C08DE325">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1E01D7C346C5AC585402987212F884C0" type="CLB-Dataset">8160</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="08236E37179105F67E6BFAC8CFA673FE" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.4545052</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="34B64D60CA1AD7FE8C4EA4CCD0458865" type="GBIF-Dataset">0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8CA925F9DA1429D7A3E696EF62A26F48" type="Handle">2246/1634/B237-0004</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FFAFFF9DFD2D26D9FBFF8C02" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546455" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546455" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FFAFFF9DFD2D26D9FBFF8C02" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FFAFFF9DFD2D26D9FBFF8C02" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAFFF9CFD2D26D9FBE68DDA" box="[735,1133,1226,1250]" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAFFF9CFD2D26D9FBE68DDA" blockId="60.[735,1133,1226,1250]" box="[735,1133,1226,1250]" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFD2D26D9FBE68DDA" ID-CoL="6KLXN" authority="Thomas" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[735,1133,1226,1250]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFD2D26D9FB8D8DD9" box="[735,1030,1227,1250]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</emphasis>
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Thomas
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</taxonomicName>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAFFF9CFD4E26E4FB198C10" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAFFF9CFD4E26E4FB198C10" blockId="60.[670,1198,1270,1763]" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFFAFFF9CFC2B26E4FB198C10" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467325" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">1 male (AMNH *267897); see table 20 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAFFF9DFD492723FCC28D9C" lastPageId="61" lastPageNumber="61" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAFFF9CFD492723FB148CC3" blockId="60.[670,1198,1270,1763]" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">
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IDENTIFICATION: Useful descriptions and measurements of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFC72275DFB258C5D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[896,1198,1359,1382]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFC72275DFB258C5D" box="[896,1198,1359,1382]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAFFF9CFC85277EFBCB8CB8" author="Andersen, K." box="[887,1088,1388,1411]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="60" pageNumber="60" pagination="50 - 63" part="18" refId="ref90880" refString="Andersen, K. 1906. On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7 (18): 50 - 63." title="On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen (1906)</bibRefCitation>
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, Sanborn (1949),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAFFF9CFCFB279BFB228C9B" author="Goodwin, G. G. & A. M. Greenhall" box="[777,1193,1417,1440]" journalOrPublisher="Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist." pageId="60" pageNumber="60" pagination="191 - 301" part="122" refId="ref94360" refString="Goodwin, G. G., and A. M. Greenhall 1961. A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology. Bull. Am. Mus. Nat. Hist. 122: 191 - 301." title="A review of the bats of Trinidad and Tobago: descriptions, rabies infection, and ecology" type="journal article" year="1961">Goodwin and Greenhall (1961)</bibRefCitation>
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, Swanepoel and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAFFF9CFCAE27B4FBBA8C86" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" box="[860,1073,1446,1469]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="60" pageNumber="60" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways (1979)</bibRefCitation>
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, and Genoways and Williams (1986). No subspecies are currently recognized (Koopman, 1994).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAFFF9CFD4927ECFB258FD8" blockId="60.[670,1198,1270,1763]" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">
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As mentioned above, most previous workers have placed
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFC96240EFB068F08" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[868,1165,1564,1587]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFC96240EFB068F08" box="[868,1165,1564,1587]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the genus
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFCE9242BFC358F6B" box="[795,958,1593,1616]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFCE9242BFC358F6B" box="[795,958,1593,1616]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">Micronycteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and have discussed differences between
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFC642445FC7C8F55" box="[918,1015,1623,1646]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">sylvestis</emphasis>
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and other species in that context. We find it more useful to compare
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFCDB2483FC328F93" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[809,953,1681,1704]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFCDB2483FCB58F93" box="[809,830,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFCBF2483FC328F93" box="[845,953,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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with its congener
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAFFF9CFB632483FD7B8FFD" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="60" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFB632483FB2D8F93" box="[1169,1190,1681,1704]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">G</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAFFF9CFD6C24BDFD7B8FFD" box="[670,752,1711,1734]" italics="true" pageId="60" pageNumber="60">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, noting that these taxa can be easily distinguished based on the following: (1) size
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFF722606FED88C6B" blockId="61.[128,657,1044,1477]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
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large (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF392606FE968D10" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[203,285,1044,1067]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF392606FE968D10" box="[203,285,1044,1067]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; see table 20) versus small (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFD952606FF478D73" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFD952606FF478D73" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), (2) dorsal fur unicolored brown or gray (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF39265DFE968D5D" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[203,285,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF39265DFE968D5D" box="[203,285,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or tricolored (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE16265DFDDB8D5D" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[484,592,1103,1126]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE16265DFDDB8D5D" box="[484,592,1103,1126]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), (3) upper outer incisor absent (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE4D267EFD9A8DB8" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[447,529,1132,1155]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE4D267EFD9A8DB8" box="[447,529,1132,1155]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or moved dorsally and excluded from occlusion by close apposition of inner incisor and canine (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF7926D6FE8A8DE0" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[139,257,1220,1243]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF7926D6FE8A8DE0" box="[139,257,1220,1243]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and (4) lower incisors with crown height approximately twice crown width in anterior view (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE3026EDFD9F8C2D" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[450,532,1279,1302]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE3026EDFD9F8C2D" box="[450,532,1279,1302]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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) or with crown height approximately equal to crown width (
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF24272BFEC98C6B" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[214,322,1337,1360]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF24272BFEC98C6B" box="[214,322,1337,1360]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFF6F2744FD1A8CFE" blockId="61.[128,657,1044,1477]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
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Besides
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFEFA2745FEFF8C55" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[264,372,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFEFA2745FEFF8C55" box="[264,372,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE4D2745FD9A8C55" baseAuthorityName="Hill" baseAuthorityYear="1964" box="[447,529,1367,1390]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="daviesi">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE4D2745FD9A8C55" box="[447,529,1367,1390]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">daviesi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, the only other named
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFEE82766FE498CB0" box="[282,450,1396,1419]" form="referable" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" rank="form">form referable</taxonomicName>
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to
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE1B2766FF188C93" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE1B2766FF188C93" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Glyphonycteris</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF222783FD068C93" authority="Peters (1865 a)" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[208,653,1425,1448]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF222783FE348C93" box="[208,447,1425,1448]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Schizostoma behnii</emphasis>
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Peters (1865a)
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</taxonomicName>
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. About this form, Simmons (1996b: 4) wrote:
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFF6927CDFD1B8FD9" blockId="61.[155,657,1503,1762]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF6927CDFF258CC9" box="[155,174,1503,1522]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">M</emphasis>
|
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[
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF4427CDFEAE8CC9" box="[182,293,1503,1522]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">icronycteris</emphasis>
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].
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFEC827CDFEFF8CC9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[314,372,1503,1522]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFEC827CDFEFF8CC9" box="[314,372,1503,1522]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
may be a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF6927E5FE9A8F31" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[155,273,1527,1546]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF6927E5FF258F31" box="[155,174,1527,1546]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">M</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF4927E5FE9A8F31" box="[187,273,1527,1546]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but this has yet to be resolved. The two species are currently distinguished on the basis of size (forearm 37–44 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE842435FE478F01" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[374,460,1575,1594]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE842435FE478F01" box="[374,460,1575,1594]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, 45–47 mm in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFDA92435FF238F69" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFDA92435FF238F69" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and the degree of grooving on the upper incisors (prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFED62445FEF18F51" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[292,378,1623,1642]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFED62445FEF18F51" box="[292,378,1623,1642]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, somewhat less prominent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF69247DFF5E8FB9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[155,213,1647,1666]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF69247DFF5E8FB9" box="[155,213,1647,1666]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAEFF9DFF10247DFEF38FB9" author="Andersen, K." box="[226,376,1647,1666]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="61" pageNumber="61" pagination="50 - 63" part="18" refId="ref90880" refString="Andersen, K. 1906. On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7 (18): 50 - 63." title="On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Koopman, 1994). Only three specimens have been referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFE262495FD858FA1" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[468,526,1671,1690]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFE262495FD858FA1" box="[468,526,1671,1690]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
: the holotype (ZMB 5154), and two specimens in the British Museum (BMNH 69.5.13.3, 69.5.13.4) that Andersen referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFF0624DDFEA58FD9" authorityName="Peters" authorityYear="1865" box="[244,302,1743,1762]" class="Agaricomycetes" family="Agaricaceae" genus="Schizostoma" kingdom="Animalia" order="Agaricales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Basidiomycota" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFF0624DDFEA58FD9" box="[244,302,1743,1762]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in his 1906 revision. I examined the
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFD2922C7FC0988E3" blockId="61.[731,1234,213,472]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
|
||
latter specimens (both in alcohol, one with skull cleaned), and found that they fall within the range of variation of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFCA12317FC228823" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[851,937,261,280]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFCA12317FC228823" box="[851,937,261,280]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in all measurable dimensions. The forearms of both specimens are broken;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAEFF9DFB62230FFCCA8873" author="Andersen, K." journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="61" pageNumber="61" pagination="50 - 63" part="18" refId="ref90880" refString="Andersen, K. 1906. On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7 (18): 50 - 63." title="On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen (1906)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
reconstructed their length as 45 mm, but I estimate the actual length to be closer to 40–42 mm. The degree of grooving of the upper incisors also falls within the range I have observed in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFBB5236FFB1688AB" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[1095,1181,381,400]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFBB5236FFB1688AB" box="[1095,1181,381,400]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Unfortunately, I have not yet seen the holotype of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFB622387FB418893" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[1168,1226,405,424]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFB622387FB418893" box="[1168,1226,405,424]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which Peters (1865[b]) described as having a forearm length of 47 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFD3223FFFC188D0A" blockId="61.[704,1233,493,1338]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
|
||
We have encountered several museum specimens labeled ‘‘
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFC7B2019FB0F8B19" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[905,1156,523,546]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFC7B2019FB0F8B19" box="[905,1156,523,546]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Micronycteris behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,’’ but examination of all has shown that they represent either
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFCA52057FBF68B67" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[855,1149,581,604]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFCA52057FBF68B67" box="[855,1149,581,604]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as currently recognized or are misidentified specimens of other taxa (e.g.,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFC122092FB348BAC" baseAuthorityName="Sanborn" baseAuthorityYear="1949" box="[992,1215,640,663]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Trinycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFC122092FB348BAC" box="[992,1215,640,663]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Trinycteris nicefori</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The observed range of forearm length in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFB46208FFCA78BE9" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFB46208FFB428B8F" box="[1204,1225,669,692]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">G</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFD3220A9FCA78BE9" box="[704,812,699,722]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is 37.0–41.8 for males and 39.2– 43.8 for females (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAEFF9DFC6A20CAFBD28BD4" author="Andersen, K." box="[920,1113,728,751]" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist." pageId="61" pageNumber="61" pagination="50 - 63" part="18" refId="ref90880" refString="Andersen, K. 1906. On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris. Ann. Mag. Nat. Hist., Ser. 7 (18): 50 - 63." title="On the bats of the genera Micronycteris and Glyphonycteris" type="journal article" year="1906">Andersen, 1906</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Sanborn, 1949;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAEFF9DFCFC20E7FC3C8A37" author="Linares, O. J." box="[782,951,757,780]" journalOrPublisher="Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" pagination="37 - 42" part="29" refId="ref97183" refString="Linares, O. J. 1969. Nuevos murcielagos para la fauna de Venezuela en el Museo de Historia Natural La Salle. Mem. Soc. Cien. Nat. La Salle 29 (82): 37 - 42." title="Nuevos murcielagos para la fauna de Venezuela en el Museo de Historia Natural La Salle" type="journal article" year="1969">Linares, 1969</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Swanepoel and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FFAEFF9DFB7A20E7FCC08A12" author="Genoways, H. H. & S. L. Williams" journalOrPublisher="Ann. Carnegie Mus." pageId="61" pageNumber="61" pagination="323 - 335" part="48" refId="ref93773" refString="Genoways, H. H., and S. L. Williams 1979. Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname. Ann. Carnegie Mus. 48: 323 - 335." title="Records of bats (Mammalia: Chiroptera) from Suriname" type="journal article" year="1979">Genoways, 1979</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Genoways and Williams, 1986; personal obs.), and additional variation seems likely given the relatively small number of available specimens. Although we expect that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFCC1219AFCF78AA4" baseAuthorityName="Peters" baseAuthorityYear="1865" box="[819,892,904,927]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Micronycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="behnii">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFCC1219AFCF78AA4" box="[819,892,904,927]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">behnii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will eventually prove to be a senior synonym of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFC3321B7FBA68A87" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[961,1069,933,956]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFC3321B7FBA68A87" box="[961,1069,933,956]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we have not yet seen Peter’s type in the Berlin museum; therefore, we continue to use
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFBC421F2FB298ACC" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[1078,1186,992,1015]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFBC421F2FB298ACC" box="[1078,1186,992,1015]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the smaller of the two
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFC3721EFFBFC8D2F" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" box="[965,1143,1021,1044]" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFC3721EFFBFC8D2F" box="[965,1143,1021,1044]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Glyphonycteris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species examined to date.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFD2F262AFCC28D9C" blockId="61.[704,1233,493,1338]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
|
||
The single specimen of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFBED262AFCA78D57" authorityName="Thomas" authorityYear="1896" class="Mammalia" family="Phyllostomidae" genus="Glyphonycteris" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="sylvestris">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFBED262AFCA78D57" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Glyphonycteris sylvestris</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
that we collected at Paracou agrees in all respects with previous descriptions of the species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFFAEFF9DFD2F26BFFBFF8C02" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph id="C70F4D06FFAEFF9DFD2F26BFFBFF8C02" blockId="61.[704,1233,493,1338]" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">
|
||
FIELD OBSERVATIONS: The single individual we captured at Paracou was taken shortly before dark (at 18:20 hours) in a groundlevel mistnet in swampy primary forest dominated by the palm
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FFAEFF9DFC532731FBE68C01" box="[929,1133,1315,1338]" class="Liliopsida" family="Arecaceae" genus="Euterpe" kingdom="Animalia" order="Arecales" pageId="61" pageNumber="61" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="oleracea">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FFAEFF9DFC532731FBE68C01" box="[929,1133,1315,1338]" italics="true" pageId="61" pageNumber="61">Euterpe oleracea</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |