178 lines
22 KiB
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178 lines
22 KiB
XML
<document id="3D21D6359510BB5F97B034778E345D56" ID-CLB-Dataset="8160" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.4545052" ID-GBIF-Dataset="0540f87c-c902-4df5-acd4-51801c9531bd" ID-Handle="2246/1634/B237-0004" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545052" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="felipe" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1613519208580" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Simmons, Nancy B. & Voss, Robert S." docDate="1998" docId="4F19FC10FF11FF26FF2626FBFF5F8AD3" docLanguage="en" docName="B237-0004.pdf.imf" docOrigin="Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History 237" docStyle="DocumentStyle:25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4.1:BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleId="25EFC9A7B3A675566A5530656FFE3DF4" docStyleName="BulAmeMusNatHis.2000-2010.chapters" docStyleVersion="1" docTitle="Thyroptera tricolor Spix 1823" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="134" masterDocId="B3208468FF93FFA0FFF22212FF8B893B" masterDocTitle="The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats" masterLastPageNumber="219" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="130" updateTime="1698929808253" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="BFE3C348A447C68DE8CCB6197D073F52">The mammals of Paracou, French Guiana, a Neotropical lowland rainforest fauna. Part 1, Bats</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="F88626B3A16F1E827EA87B635A250847" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8B4353C1D2C5BCD2145516C76FF88D58">Simmons, Nancy B.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="2F06C810CF12AFE7DFE9C384AE7F5D32">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="2D175C3F7FBA7A816C79CB9FD1A5917A">Voss, Robert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="E93FAA89DB74F894019BE5ED82EA9063">Department of Mammalogy, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="4E786C99E354729ACDB376334F35D3B3">Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="9B1B8AE4D4D62DD3B34C9795EEF5341D">1998</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="A659B2FF387E3CBF08B8C88ED196D481">1998-12-31</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="ACABA4E8B6FEA9CE911B0D5D30559FDD">237</mods:number>
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<treatment id="4F19FC10FF11FF26FF2626FBFF5F8AD3" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4546529" ID-GBIF-Taxon="177422440" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4546529" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4F19FC10FF11FF26FF2626FBFF5F8AD3" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4F19FC10FF11FF26FF2626FBFF5F8AD3" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF11FF22FF2626FBFE7C8DC4" box="[212,503,1256,1280]" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF11FF22FF2626FBFE7C8DC4" blockId="130.[212,503,1256,1280]" box="[212,503,1256,1280]" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">
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<heading id="9C47FA6AFF11FF22FF2626FBFE7C8DC4" box="[212,503,1256,1280]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="3" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF11FF22FF2626FBFE7C8DC4" ID-CoL="56SY5" authority="Spix" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[212,503,1256,1280]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF11FF22FF2626FBFE328C3B" box="[212,441,1257,1280]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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Spix
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF11FF22FF892706FE5B8F08" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF11FF22FF892706FE5B8F08" blockId="130.[94,622,1300,1763]" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">
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VOUCHER MATERIAL:
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<materialsCitation id="77D8475BFF11FF22FE8F2706FE5B8F08" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3037467328" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">16 females (AMNH *266348, *266356, *266358, 266359, *266364, *267215, *267216, *267217, *267218, *268576; MNHN *1995.874, *1995.875, *1995.876, *1995.877, 1995.878, *1995.879) and 12 males (AMNH *266352, 266355, 266357, *266361, *266363, 266365, *268574, 268577; MNHN 1995.880, *1995.881, 1995.882, 1995.883); see table 50 for measurements.</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF11FF23FF89242BFC508ABA" lastPageId="131" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF11FF22FF89242BFD588CEF" blockId="130.[94,622,1300,1763]" lastBlockId="130.[670,1199,1169,1763]" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">
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IDENTIFICATION: We consulted the descriptions and measurements of
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF11FF22FE572445FFF38FB0" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">Thypotera tricol or</emphasis>
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provided by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF11FF22FEE12466FE338FB0" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[275,440,1652,1675]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
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, 1978),
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF11FF22FDE52466FE6E8F93" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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, and Pine (1993) to confirm the identification of our material. Although three subspecies were recognized by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF11FF22FCA92683FB268D93" author="Wilson, D. E. & J. S. Findley" bookContentInfo="3 pp." box="[859,1197,1169,1192]" journalOrPublisher="Mamm. Species 71" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" refId="ref102835" refString="Wilson, D. E., and J. S. Findley 1977. Thyroptera tricolor. Mamm. Species 71: 3 pp." title="Thyroptera tricolor" type="book" year="1977">Wilson and Findley (1977)</bibRefCitation>
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and Koopman (1994), the morphological justification for a trinomial classification is not clear. Furthermore, Pine (1993) suggested that some published observations of geographic variation within
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF11FF22FC4C2735FBBD8C05" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[958,1078,1318,1342]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF11FF22FC4C2735FC458C05" box="[958,974,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF11FF22FC2F2735FBBD8C05" box="[989,1078,1319,1342]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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may have been based on material that was not correctly identified to species. Pending a thorough review of the problem, it currently seems pointless to employ subspecific nomenclature.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF11FF23FD4927C9FEFC8AA4" blockId="130.[670,1199,1169,1763]" lastBlockId="131.[128,657,786,1103]" lastPageId="131" lastPageNumber="131" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">
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Our material from Paracou conforms with published descriptions of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF11FF22FC3927EBFB258F2B" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[971,1198,1529,1552]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="130" pageNumber="130" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF11FF22FC3927EBFB258F2B" box="[971,1198,1529,1552]" italics="true" pageId="130" pageNumber="130">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in all respects. Although Pine (1993) noted some variation in the number of lappets on the calcar in some populations of this species, all of our specimens have two lappets on the calcar. The free portion of the tail is relatively long in all our fluidpreserved material, which conforms to Pine’s (1993) ob servations. We note, however, that the free portion of the tail appears quite short in our skins, an artifact that resulted from pinning the specimens to dry with the uropatagium maximally extended.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF10FF23FF6F21B7FC508ABA" blockId="131.[128,657,786,1103]" lastBlockId="131.[704,1233,786,1103]" pageId="131" pageNumber="131">
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The size range documented by our vouch er specimens (table 50) is somewhat greater than that previously reported from Surinamese and French Guianan populations of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF10FF23FF722609FEED8D09" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[128,358,1051,1074]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF10FF23FF722609FEED8D09" box="[128,358,1051,1074]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="131">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF10FF23FE652608FDB58D0A" author="Husson, A. M." bookContentInfo="282 pp." box="[407,574,1050,1073]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52" pageId="131" pageNumber="131" refId="ref95767" refString="Husson, A. M. 1962. The bats of Suriname. Zool. Verh. Rijksmus. Nat. Hist. (Leiden) 52: 282 pp. 1 30 pls." title="The bats of Suriname" type="book" year="1962">Husson (1962</bibRefCitation>
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, 1978) and
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<bibRefCitation id="A32130F7FF10FF23FF47262AFD068D74" author="Brosset, A. & P. Charles-Dominique" box="[181,653,1080,1103]" journalOrPublisher="Mammalia" pageId="131" pageNumber="131" pagination="509 - 559" part="54" refId="ref91807" refString="Brosset, A., and P. Charles-Dominique 1990. The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach. Mammalia 54: 509 - 559." title="The bats from French Guiana: a taxonomic, faunistic and ecological approach" type="journal article" year="1990">Brosset and CharlesDominique (1990)</bibRefCitation>
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. In addition, the Paracou measurement data suggest some slight sexual dimorphism, with females exceeding males in average body weight and total length.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8FAA1E8DFF10FF26FD2F219AFF5F8AD3" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="131" pageNumber="131" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF10FF26FD2F219AFDA9887E" blockId="131.[704,1233,786,1103]" lastBlockId="134.[94,623,214,1000]" lastPageId="134" lastPageNumber="134" pageId="131" pageNumber="131">
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FIELD OBSERVATIONS: We recorded 40 captures (possibly including some recaptures) of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF10FF23FD3221D1FC228AE1" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[704,937,963,986]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="131" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF10FF23FD3221D1FC228AE1" box="[704,937,963,986]" italics="true" pageId="131" pageNumber="131">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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at Paracou, of which 3 were in groundlevel mistnets, 1 was in an elevated net, and 36 were at roosts. One groundlevel mistnet capture was in welldrained primary forest, one was in swampy primary forest, and one was in a manmade clearing. Our single elevated mistnet capture was made at 7–8 m above the ground in the subcanopy of swampy primary forest.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="93CF1D8EFF17FF24FF8A2411FD118F53" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545166" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545166" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545166/files/figure.png" pageId="132" pageNumber="132" startId="132.[120,158,1539,1560]" targetBox="[236,1055,208,1517]" targetPageId="132">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF17FF24FF8A2411FD118F53" blockId="132.[94,1198,1539,1640]" pageId="132" pageNumber="132">
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Fig. 53. Roost of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF17FF24FEBA2411FD9D8F23" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[328,534,1539,1560]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="132" pageNumber="132" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF17FF24FEBA2411FD9D8F23" box="[328,534,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="132">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in the halfunrolled new leaf of a small
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF17FF24FC392411FBB98F23" box="[971,1074,1539,1560]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="132" pageNumber="132" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF17FF24FC392411FBB98F23" box="[971,1074,1539,1560]" italics="true" pageId="132" pageNumber="132">Heliconia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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growing in swampy primary forest at Paracou. The adhesive suckers of the roosting bats are visible as dark spots through the translucent tissue of the leaf; the bats themselves (an adult male and three adult females) form a dark mass inside their tubular shelter (arrow).
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<caption id="93CF1D8EFF16FF25FF68241FFE648F49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4545168" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4545168" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/4545168/files/figure.png" pageId="133" pageNumber="133" startId="133.[154,192,1549,1570]" targetBox="[228,1132,208,1528]" targetPageId="133">
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF16FF25FF68241FFE648F49" blockId="133.[128,1232,1549,1650]" pageId="133" pageNumber="133">
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Fig. 54. Roost of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF16FF25FE97241CFDBA8F18" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[357,561,1550,1571]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF16FF25FE97241CFDBA8F18" box="[357,561,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="133">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in a scrolled dead leaf of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF16FF25FCCD241CFBF08F18" box="[831,1147,1550,1571]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="133" pageNumber="133" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guyannense">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF16FF25FCCD241CFBF08F18" box="[831,1147,1550,1571]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="133">Phenakospermum guyannense</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(arrow) in secondary vegetation at Paracou. We found two other roosts of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF16FF25FCA8243AFC418F06" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[858,970,1576,1597]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="133" pageNumber="133" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF16FF25FCA8243AFCE28F06" box="[858,873,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="133">T</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF16FF25FC88243AFC418F06" box="[890,970,1576,1597]" italics="true" pageId="133" pageNumber="133">tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in dead leaves like this one, which is hanging downward from its broken petiole. This roost contained about four bats, one of which was collected as a voucher.
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</paragraph>
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</caption>
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<paragraph id="C70F4D06FF15FF26FF89235EFF5F8AD3" blockId="134.[94,623,214,1000]" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">
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We found 12 roosting groups of
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FDE2235EFF6688BB" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FDE2235EFF6688BB" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Thyroptera tricolor</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all of them in foliage (table 51). Most (nine) roosts were in the erect, halfunrolled new leaves of heliconias,
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<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE0923B6FDE58880" box="[507,622,420,443]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE0923B6FDE58880" box="[507,622,420,443]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Heliconia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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sp. (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FF6523D3FEB488E3" box="[151,319,449,472]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Heliconiaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
) (fig. 53), or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE0D23D3FDBC88CE" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="guyannense">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE0D23D3FEE088CD" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Phenakospermum guyannense</emphasis>
|
||
(Strelitziaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, but three roosting groups occupied scrolled dead leaves hanging from large
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE6C200BFDE58B0B" box="[414,622,537,560]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE6C200BFDE58B0B" box="[414,622,537,560]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Phenakospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
plants (fig. 54). Of the five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FE5E2025FD948B75" box="[428,543,567,590]" class="Liliopsida" family="Heliconiaceae" genus="Heliconia" kingdom="Animalia" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FE5E2025FD948B75" box="[428,543,567,590]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Heliconia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roosts we found, one was in welldrained primary forest, two were in swampy primary forest, and two were in creekside primary forest. Five
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FF5220BEFEFB8BF8" box="[160,368,684,707]" class="Liliopsida" family="Strelitziaceae" genus="Phenakospermum" kingdom="Plantae" order="Zingiberales" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FF5220BEFEFB8BF8" box="[160,368,684,707]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">Phenakospermum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
roosts were in secondary vegetation (especially along the margins of a small savanna enclave) and two were in wet glades surrounded by swampy primary forest. All of the leaves that we found used by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00B03685FF15FF26FED4212DFE2C8A6D" authorityName="Spix" authorityYear="1823" box="[294,423,830,854]" class="Mammalia" family="Thyropteridae" genus="Thyroptera" kingdom="Animalia" order="Chiroptera" pageId="134" pageNumber="134" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tricolor">
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FED4212DFEBD8A6D" box="[294,310,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">T</emphasis>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="F5C49114FF15FF26FEBC212DFE2C8A6D" box="[334,423,831,854]" italics="true" pageId="134" pageNumber="134">tricolor</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as roosts were shaded; none was in direct sunlight. The number of bats per roost varied from one to six with a welldefined mode of four. We did not record more than a single adult male in any roost.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |