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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="62488" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" ID-GBIF-Dataset="30f0f54f-e5af-493f-b792-c1c661ef03bf" ID-PMC="PMC9849010" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-198-1" ID-Pensoft-UUID="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" ID-PubMed="36760991" ModsDocID="1314-2003-198-1" checkinTime="1654168732655" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Aubriot, Xavier &amp; Knapp, Sandra" docDate="2022" docId="4CC3C0A44237A3B5EA5DC13ED740579E" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 198: 1-270" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 198" docPubDate="2022-06-01" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514" docTitle="Solanum procumbens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 132. 1790." docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" lastPageNumber="1" masterDocId="486F1F1B4F5854D2831AAA341B9A322C" masterDocTitle="A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)" masterLastPageNumber="270" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="1" updateTime="1732649590965" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="DD7827C0764CBC17BD0401011C3A2FDC" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:title id="F41982AB110DCDEF6E013D52CA450F98">A revision of the &quot; spiny solanums &quot; of Tropical Asia (Solanum, the Leptostemonum Clade, Solanaceae)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="A4FC593496B2198A3FC01E414BBF04F7" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F5D246BFD4F5AFBA249E80EB5247858E">
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<mods:namePart id="707918EE756B2306FB4AB67679FE01C7">Aubriot, Xavier</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="8DD34728781AD0E9D6589A2F23323308">Universite Paris-Saclay, CNRS, AgroParisTech, Ecologie Systematique et Evolution, 91190, Gif-sur-Yvette, France &amp; The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="79ED5E1C4AC41DA0F15EBA6D82CCA700">Knapp, Sandra</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D2DFA31CF0F415EAA6790E609B420370" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7698-3945</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="537A57519303B0621EB9314B1E9B16AC">The Natural History Museum, Cromwell Road, London SW 7 5 BD, UK</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="00A9BCE4E1A57D9AB4E0D1F750E6896A" type="email">s.knapp@nhm.ac.uk</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:titleInfo id="AFD63D7A48D77EDB414EB2AAD5ABD468">
<mods:title id="19F0B98857C4615BFA74B28603EF6DB6">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="7B8FB41457ABCD41D6C4A43D5F1B7A34">
<mods:date id="4BBCC4E5BAF1C954D88BDB2EF265E5E7">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="D017DACB1F901C2135253B7EC8BB405B">2022-06-01</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="364F722EC5596A6D28F7143F023907CE" type="volume">
<mods:number id="8D89B31244104C376968D12B691525D7">198</mods:number>
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<mods:location id="EDE17BBC27222177ED7944C2574604BF">
<mods:url id="050F41CA2D7E38256F30F94688CAE675">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="748734377B64FC98EE6E9666E384234D">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="51DEE37813D2CC64C860647693AD27BC" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="3A2E04D7894DE988BEE13C8542A35D23" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-198-1</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4CC3C0A44237A3B5EA5DC13ED740579E" ID-GBIF-Taxon="195723692" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CC3C0A44237A3B5EA5DC13ED740579E" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4CC3C0A44237A3B5EA5DC13ED740579E" lastPageNumber="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" scope_family="Solanaceae">
<subSubSection id="11D9998F397FF39D78CF63EE9FDD5199" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="406AF4C966240D159966ED7479528B6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
33.
<taxonomicName id="0EF3081A60D85A14847DF8DE4260CD08" ID-CoL="6YTJN" authority="Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 132. 1790." authorityName="Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 132. 1790." class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">Solanum procumbens Lour., Fl. Cochinch. 132. 1790.</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="FFDA8556298AFF81316692C32A3E9D42" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C3ED890E1093DD2C7F8235D7BF78F2D1" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<figureCitation id="5086DF44B1AE6CB8FD3B180FC8DDD690" captionStart="Figure 55" captionStartId="F55" captionText="Figure 55. Solanum procumbens Lour. A herbarium specimen collected in China in 1935 (Lau 5138, E 00320676) B habit (Wang et al. 2075, China) C inflorescence (Wang et al. 2075, China) D detailed view of a flower and prickles (Wang et al. 2075, China) E infructescence (Wang et al. 2075, China). Photograph credits: A Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh B-E S. Knapp." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689748" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Fig. 55</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="696BFDF597DFBA8B6284E626458005C2" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="D9B057FFD02DD3BB52B0934D118CE51B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="2A39D5D3A46367802099F0C89AC9C2A2" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum hainanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanense">Solanum hainanense</taxonomicName>
Hance, J. Bot. 6: 331. 1868. Type. China. Hainan: &quot;At vias prope Kieng chau
<normalizedToken id="ABB8B207E0195934B696AA0992B7F8B3" originalValue="fú">fu</normalizedToken>
, metropolis ins: Hainan&quot;, Nov 1866,
<emphasis id="179FBA96B8E086946F074553F0E055C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Sampson &amp; H.F. Hance s.n.</emphasis>
[13816] (lectotype, designated here: BM [BM000942492]; isolectotype: K [K000759385]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="795C44166780881836157A40BE40EDEB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="7F0B128591BB96958828CE47DF25B6F0" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum scopulorum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="scopulorum">Solanum scopulorum</taxonomicName>
Kerr ex Barnett, Kew Bull. 16: 486. 1963. Type. Thailand. Prachuap Khiri Khan: Hua Hin, 11 Nov 1928,
<emphasis id="A996944DF5B39FBA202939E6A25B85C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A.F.G. Kerr 16210</emphasis>
(holotype: K [K000922039]; isotypes BK [BK257532], BM [BM000886111]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E7393BEBD36B98EA403FD0C91CA7711A" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="8837BA0817A88FE86F7D2A73462FCE72" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<typeStatus id="9372A2881005B97FBE14B3EA98415B8C">Type</typeStatus>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="41BD6D81B2F69C1EB90F311144F3DC90" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<materialsCitation id="9790C5A404FDF490B9A92FDBF6F3A2A6" collectingDate="1923-01" collectorName="R. W. Squires" country="Vietnam" location="Hue" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Thua Thien-Hue" typeStatus="neotype">
<collectingCountry id="B4EED4DDBBA3ACF80FAC927D715499A8" name="Vietnam">Vietnam</collectingCountry>
.
<collectingRegion id="3237A13A7EE0FBFE1D311810D23C4F16" country="Vietnam" name="Thua Thien-Hue">
Thua
<normalizedToken id="736B9258AA46D7F2CDE82E9C52D7F03C" originalValue="Thiên-Huê">Thien-Hue</normalizedToken>
</collectingRegion>
:
<normalizedToken id="33BEB3F18416C17BF48AE062FD48574F" originalValue="Huê">
<location id="9F208D84D9FFD03684B8330D3C037F24" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4CC3C0A44237A3B5EA5DC13ED740579E:9F208D84D9FFD03684B8330D3C037F24" country="Vietnam" name="Hue" stateProvince="Thua Thien-Hue">Hue</location>
</normalizedToken>
and vicinity,
<collectingDate id="CBB16451B88D0AE4B190D2EAD5564555" value="1923-01">Jan 1923</collectingDate>
,
<emphasis id="FE9043722913387FA3FC2CCC949B27D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<collectorName id="42549B6D215B35887DDDE7600923102C">R.W. Squires</collectorName>
27
</emphasis>
(
<typeStatus id="CFD08EB9F846A3F844B3AEA82B3663C0">neotype</typeStatus>
, designated by
<bibRefCitation id="9187004015409272331E56E4875179B9" author="Hul, S" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle &amp; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris &amp; Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B101" refString="Hul, S, Dy Phon, P, 2014. Solanaceae. In: Aubreville, A, Leroy, J, Morat, P, Eds., Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle &amp; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris &amp; Edinburgh: 1 - 93" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam." year="2014">Hul and Dy Phon 2014</bibRefCitation>
, pg. 20: P [P00054100]; isoneotypes: BM [BM000886103], E [E00224906], K [K000195689])
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0D7DA162ECB3EE5F4F54E488C50D85F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="description">
<paragraph id="C263D602268B586D9D1EF8C8DB3431DE" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5C8060FFCFCA6623D063C52A81B784F3" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Scandent or creeping herbs or shrubs, to 2(-3) m tall, armed. Stems prostate or erect, terete, prickly and pubescent; prickles up to 1 cm long, to 1 cm at the base, more or less regularly spaced, strongly hooked but sometimes straight, flattened and deltate, pale yellow, glabrous; pubescence of sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.3 mm long, the midpoints absent or &lt;0.1 mm long; new growth sparsely to densely stellate-pubescent, green to light brownish in dry material; bark of older stems brownish grey, glabrous. Sympodial units apparently plurifoliate, the leaves not geminate. Leaves simple, entire to moderately lobed, the blades 2-6.5 cm long, 1-3.5 cm wide, ca. 1.5-2.5 times longer than wide, elliptic to ovate, sometimes obovate, chartaceous, discolorous, unarmed or with up to 5 prickles per face, these slightly smaller and thinner than the ones on the stems; adaxial surface green to dark green, evenly and sparsely pubescent with erect sessile porrect-stellate trichomes, the rays 6-8, 0.1-0.3 mm long, the midpoints to 0.1 mm; abaxial surface densely stellate pubescent with trichomes like those of the adaxial surface but with stalks up to 0.1 mm long and longer rays; major veins ca. 3 pairs drying light brownish; base attenuate; margins entire, shallowly to moderately lobed, the lobes 1-3 on each side, 0.4-1 cm long, oblong to deltate, apically rounded, the sinuses extending up to 1/3-1/2 of the distance to the midvein; apex acute to rounded; petioles 0.5-1 cm long, 1/10-1/4 of the leaf blade length, unarmed or sparsely prickly with a few curved prickles, densely stellate-pubescent, the pubescence of sessile porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the blades. Inflorescences 1.5-4 cm long, lateral or occasionally leaf-opposed, unbranched, with 4-8 flowers, 1-3 flowers open at any one time, unarmed or sparsely prickly, densely pubescent with sessile stellate-porrect trichomes like those of the stems; peduncle 0.1-1.4 cm long; pedicels 0.5-2 cm long, ca. 0.5 mm in diameter at the base and 0.5-0.75 mm in diameter at top, erect or somewhat recurved at anthesis, densely stellate-pubescent like the inflorescence axes, articulated at the base; pedicel scars irregularly spaced 0.1-2 mm apart. Buds ovoid, exserted from the calyx before anthesis. Flowers 4(-5)-merous, apparently all perfect. Calyx with the tube 1-1.5 mm long, campanulate, the lobes 1-1.5 mm long, ca. 1 mm wide, deltate to broadly deltate, apically acute to acuminate, unarmed, densely stellate-pubescent with porrect-stellate trichomes like those of the pedicels. Corolla 1-1.5 cm in diameter, white or pale purple to deep blue, stellate, lobed ca. 3/4 of the way to the base, the lobes 5-7 mm long, 1-3 mm wide, long-triangular, spreading or reflexed at anthesis, mostly glabrous adaxially but with a few stellate trichomes on the middle vein, densely stellate pubescent abaxially on parts exposed in bud. Stamens equal or slightly unequal with 2 slightly longer than the rest; anthers 5-5.5 mm long, 1-1.5 mm wide, not connivent to somewhat spreading, all tapering, dull yellow, glabrous, poricidal at the tips, the pores not elongating to slits with drying; filament tube minute, glabrous; free portion of the filaments ca. 0.5 mm long, glabrous. Ovary conical to globular, minutely glandular-puberulent at the top; style 6-8 mm long, with few stellate trichomes scattered at the base; stigma clavate, the surfaces minutely papillose. Fruit a globose berry, several per infructescence, 0.6-1 cm in diameter, red at maturity, pericarp thin, glabrous; fruiting pedicels 1.3-1.8 cm long, ca. 1 mm in diameter at the base, 1.5-1.8 mm in diameter at the apex, erect or slightly recurved, somewhat woody, unarmed; fruiting calyx lobes ca. 2 mm long, not markedly accrescent, but covering 1/4 of the berry and not reflexed, unarmed. Seeds 5-25 per berry, 2-3 mm long, 2-3 mm wide, flattened reniform to rounded, brownish orange, the surfaces minutely pitted, the testal cells pentagonal in outline. Chromosome number: not known.</paragraph>
<caption id="C88C6F1E9B7DE84AAD3045A6B057B800" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure55" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689748" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 55" startId="F55">
<paragraph id="880752EF191FE4028A21C0BAF6278BAF" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="E907BABBE7E8EA6FE06515B6BF7D9511" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 55.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BBEB98672B3FFE41076A93FF456C2358" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="8668299E75DE2D0CA5BF3E2F5204F63F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Lour.
<emphasis id="014DE2DDDBF8924BB2D740D7C2E24B43" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
herbarium specimen collected in China in 1935 (
<emphasis id="55FF8611E83CAFE8A4012912334F2EEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Lau 5138</emphasis>
, E00320676)
<emphasis id="EAB0272D4DF5CB2F32453142E039CE8D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B</emphasis>
habit (
<emphasis id="C07E3D9A03A2798088738025509A8B52" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang et al. 2075</emphasis>
, China)
<emphasis id="1C6F77DE9B34D49D26AE59BC3D215118" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">C</emphasis>
inflorescence (
<emphasis id="CC24E33DD017BD0642EA4909D99597EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang et al. 2075</emphasis>
, China)
<emphasis id="41980D31EE0AC8233F3D94A6C14EFB4C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">D</emphasis>
detailed view of a flower and prickles (
<emphasis id="19B020E0EC07B4BB0B49B1988CA027EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang et al. 2075</emphasis>
, China)
<emphasis id="9E89570875E34E6BD761BFE5286E928B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">E</emphasis>
infructescence (
<emphasis id="3BC7AB17264A3F3DF93F3CC644402567" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Wang et al. 2075</emphasis>
, China). Photograph credits:
<emphasis id="A860AC5BE23F6C83436BFE838E9AD350" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">A</emphasis>
Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh
<emphasis id="BE906E7E9E5C228659A73E4A0269CA41" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">B-E</emphasis>
S. Knapp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="980310BED55E80D2BDFFEC9A3BBED137" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="895F0F9A9EC94F0E6B4CCD09A53E3781" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Distribution</paragraph>
<paragraph id="05B198DDA3A9A0B1D358DE8152ED9DDD" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="4777663F26C87415FFEC65418A45CC0A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="DA34370BF4C9C7A0676484384AB6B7B0" captionStart="Figure 56" captionStartId="F56" captionText="Figure 56. Distribution of S. procumbens." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689749" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">56</figureCitation>
).
</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="229CF8CA1B708926B3AA8A24535C019B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="C4E2DD7D58117610BEA8B382A50DDBBC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed from China and Indochina to Indonesia (Flores and Timor) and Timor Leste.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="5343C12AA2316A39A150FCE1506CBA60" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="C954B54C8116A7F0E9760F1F482C7C3B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Ecology and habitat.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80C6B642E630CB17EA56D3E0F68C0372" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="5CEDECAF12D6921DE5BEDBEA22FE5CE1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="91051F1F34BE1E2E710D08E975216EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is a plant of open places in many forest types, often scrambling over other vegetation and on rocks, from sea level to 650(1,500) m elevation.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="A3F37896DBAEBD172BB1B374D60B82B5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="common names and uses">
<paragraph id="01379EAF6650D23234076D89AEF84D3C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Common names and uses.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="5E00E652AC970CAA013DD9B4306A7CD7" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
China. hai nan qie (
<bibRefCitation id="DB560E2772B8EE2A29AF37CD1D978FDE" author="Zhang, Z-Y" journalOrPublisher="National Taiwan University" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" refId="B280" refString="Zhang, Z-Y, Lu, A, D'Arcy, WG, 1994. Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." title="Solanaceae. In: Wu ZY, Raven PH (Eds) Flora of China. Vol. 17 (Verbenaceae through Solanaceae). Science Press &amp; Missouri Botanical Garden Press, Beijing &amp; St. Louis." year="1994">Zhang et al. 1994</bibRefCitation>
). Vietnam.
<normalizedToken id="558A12A731B47BF07B2EC2B5C1DC4B63" originalValue="cà">ca</normalizedToken>
gai, (
<normalizedToken id="0D0CE9D4450D909D84AFB5A2259E81AA" originalValue="cây">cay</normalizedToken>
)
<normalizedToken id="9012B55001CE496190F08CA4EAC64C5D" originalValue="curong">cur'o'ng</normalizedToken>
,
<normalizedToken id="F7DEA167CA70FAFB8682B601B2A0AC65" originalValue="trông">trong</normalizedToken>
ca dap (
<bibRefCitation id="ADA7F4695FEF95BEF2924C7DC361B7D5" author="Hul, S" editor="Aubreville, A" journalOrPublisher="Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle &amp; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris &amp; Edinburgh" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="1 - 93" refId="B101" refString="Hul, S, Dy Phon, P, 2014. Solanaceae. In: Aubreville, A, Leroy, J, Morat, P, Eds., Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam. Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle &amp; Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh, Paris &amp; Edinburgh: 1 - 93" title="Solanaceae." volumeTitle="Flore du Cambodge, du Laos et du Vietnam." year="2014">Hul and Dy Phon 2014</bibRefCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CEE60A52ADA023114FF3EDDD61CC8E5C" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="preliminary conservation status">
<paragraph id="8091C5582FE21632A8D2267B2A8C040D" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Preliminary conservation status</paragraph>
<paragraph id="745D97620DB4E55EA7B498FD05AD98F5" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="CF762B683E7CF08B5150070CC0708096" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
(
<bibRefCitation id="019F203D498270B57416DE53E5CEED7D" author="Hutchings, A" journalOrPublisher="AGRIVITA Journal of Agricultural Science" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" publicationUrl="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" refId="B105" refString="2019. . http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" url="http://www.iucnredlist.org/documents/RedListGuidelines.pdf" year="2019">IUCN 2019</bibRefCitation>
).
</emphasis>
Least Concern (LC). EOO (1,575,888 km2, LC); AOO (164 km2, EN).
<taxonomicName id="BDAB3A143D86D7D8A57E3C4A07E694CB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="969C3F5FD37DFF4044CB7696434662DB" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is widely distributed and occurs in many habitat types, including extremely anthropogenically disturbed ones.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="0BE611E944126F6BD0C9166B1F825798" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="07713B0C78A32BF6C795F4A00F7EFE59" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Discussion.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4553BD0EF5F04FECC24A25B0163FA53F" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<taxonomicName id="4EB1F9BFA35FD1EAC3FA5D7A2DD6B26C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="B9199D7D0DC2ADCAC6EEEB29D02D057C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is similar to
<taxonomicName id="B17BEB19618856181477F7AF8A6C9BF4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. trilobatum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="trilobatum">
<emphasis id="04E5F7F98F940D7F16B8E970C0A806CD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. trilobatum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="B1B04ADA835B58F4EF9B3FB41FEFD4E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. camranhense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camranhense">
<emphasis id="21C59BEDA9EF0808FA16FECBA4E648C6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. camranhense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its habit as a small scrambling shrub, but in molecular analyses of
<bibRefCitation id="34F7B68808C55A393323352387ACFBEA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" author="Aubriot, X" journalOrPublisher="Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="199 - 223" refId="B8" refString="Aubriot, X, Singh, P, Knapp, S, 2016a. Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot;spiny solanums&quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic. Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society 181 (2): 199 - 223, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" title="Tropical Asian species show the Old World clade of &quot; spiny solanums &quot; (subgenus Leptostemonum pro parte: Solanaceae) is not monophyletic." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12412" volume="181" year="2016 a">Aubriot et al. (2016a)</bibRefCitation>
resolves as closely related to
<taxonomicName id="7891BD9700675952A24ED5F64B51A0A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. involucratum" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="involucratum">
<emphasis id="236BA8B8D59DB7A8A7612A4485726EB5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. involucratum</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, a much more robust and morphologically very different plant.
<taxonomicName id="70BA0A0C9BA56ED071040A86D79EF52F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" genus="Solanum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Solanum procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="C22D7A768D558B0354B9427B195E7D28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Solanum procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="9B4570A94AF6E6EB4E51532E74FC3D23" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. camranhense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="camranhense">
<emphasis id="A6975810D513CC03AEE73729D9584108" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. camranhense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in its usually 4-parted corollas, slender fruiting pedicels, and more lanceolate leaves with less truncate bases.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="212438F3C73C615197D97924772E4BC0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
No specimens were cited in the protologue (
<bibRefCitation id="F9180C128485B7526363E2B3639D2EFF" author="Hance, HF" journalOrPublisher="Le Journal de Botanique" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" pagination="322 - 335" refId="B89" refString="Hance, HF, 1868. Sertulum Chinense tertium: A third decade of new Chinese plants. Le Journal de Botanique 6: 322 - 335" title="Sertulum Chinense tertium: A third decade of new Chinese plants." volume="6" year="1868">Hance 1868</bibRefCitation>
), so the lectotype we have selected for
<taxonomicName id="C3375E1F71648C6679DA5AD4044227BB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. hainanense" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="hainanense">
<emphasis id="8C109D21AC4B087AED8F964B079604A9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. hainanense</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(BM00942492) is the better preserved of the two duplicates we have found and bears the Hance exsiccata number 13816.
</paragraph>
<caption id="1AADEFF175E08737C9E08C01B14E750F" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.198.79514.figure56" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/689749" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" start="Figure 56" startId="F56">
<paragraph id="5F744B4780146781E8DC013C5326C8C0" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">
<emphasis id="1532358E9C42F7ECB0379F65C0E3B33E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Figure 56.</emphasis>
Distribution of
<taxonomicName id="4ACD94E0F31950F1243B804C686D701B" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Solanaceae" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="S. procumbens" order="Solanales" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="procumbens">
<emphasis id="7B97E0F24F74C79D6758A012EEFF19EA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">S. procumbens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="166DA020B52FB4FE82338CE1E931001B" pageId="0" pageNumber="1" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3DBC62B016DC6CA14C6AD29D6C27D4DB" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="80CE715BD37FDBDE08922E1012EC3DA9" pageId="0" pageNumber="1">See Suppl. materials 1-3.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>