treatments-xml/data/4C/3E/EE/4C3EEE0B162AFFC8FF71F0C3FC3AD9CF.xml
2024-06-21 12:35:51 +02:00

762 lines
81 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document id="F46E20E42B7894FDD83EA76B1251C0C1" ID-CLB-Dataset="46339" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50d9d914-e2ab-4187-89bb-5d47a7bcc9df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218566" ID-ZooBank="2698BC2A-7B32-44A5-8856-2EB8846DEBD5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389791867" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bellis, Glenn, Dyce, Alan, Gopurenko, David, Yanase, Tohru, Garros, Claire, Labuschagne, Karien &amp; Mitchell, Andrew" docDate="2014" docId="4C3EEE0B162AFFC8FF71F0C3FC3AD9CF" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p427.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides nudipalpis Delfinado" docType="treatment" docVersion="11" lastPageNumber="422" masterDocId="B00796731626FFDDFFE6F23FFFFADC48" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala &amp; Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region" masterLastPageNumber="427" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="413" updateTime="1698298081609" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="D266AB4AB514189CFC8A4F715ABF9460" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="894C63E09CE3AA43BA3B9ACBDC0F815D">
<mods:title id="30D3156848F06BC0F3DEC47CA302E5EA">Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala &amp; Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="09FCB7161AD076CE87E4E989E37AE30D" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F651D0DE0098E88265CD56EFC9F0BC16">
<mods:roleTerm id="DEBF6231B0EF847AE7DD3D8CBBF027B4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FD3229344BEAB91A3C10391771ED502E">Bellis, Glenn</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="854218C4E593D88E844FCBB293EAAE7E" type="personal">
<mods:role id="999D83D472516C629B17EBB169D1E253">
<mods:roleTerm id="D4EA0506A888A3DE1712059EBF742741">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="EE66717FAE33FF863D5A609953910D92">Dyce, Alan</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="2B703652D44F86540F63A7930853AB8C" type="personal">
<mods:role id="60B65814354A03A586BE760C93269220">
<mods:roleTerm id="3ED6EC67C6DC06DF5E3A2B5098E36E4F">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="87874D9252F9A04E7D12F35EFA9E66BC">Gopurenko, David</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="91AF7872D6BE20C1362AE8EC96A4F335" type="personal">
<mods:role id="33F5FD5FF98E73E11297703EE86B2234">
<mods:roleTerm id="C6B5ACD3A9BE0748CBDC6EBDC184FE93">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="6F63B0D96F7E92D96FAACF7ECCDC0E07">Yanase, Tohru</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="50C014B1B1F280E26415D93DACD0AF05" type="personal">
<mods:role id="8C76D420FD9026F62871365A4BD87339">
<mods:roleTerm id="3BFE6C4C56477AA03C5D33F866E871AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="A7DC9033C3006F4C8BACA9456FBAF23E">Garros, Claire</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="0D9413108B7AB5111B2E2C7BA499C212" type="personal">
<mods:role id="35F3534014952235778EB73CA272F710">
<mods:roleTerm id="F6827073E289AB8D94BEA045C536E6AA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="7A3B60470BA7722A61B2DC9D61D39A66">Labuschagne, Karien</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D6E58491519416DA515ACEC3445C1B00" type="personal">
<mods:role id="05A0BEF62A20367D7F1F867DE4128110">
<mods:roleTerm id="CE8B1D913C35AC39E25638466E73D886">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="989424D2386BF8F93963DF87217F8A78">Mitchell, Andrew</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="57D46ACB804DF9D9F28F730A6CD92F04">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="0604B09AC25AE9625DBDCF61F86E5F47" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="29F4E6AF8C4381ADDF867F30FECB5DB0">
<mods:title id="F41790FBD800F7E1B367D58A6056312A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="5F7CD079C3B473A1080B62D073FC1DE6">
<mods:date id="97D0EF79F77D974CE5E2A8CCE1233CC1">2014</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="9E42AEA2B7A0A83B5D7B16FBBDDF5089" type="pubDate">
<mods:number id="C86FB8A844C0E853F068C424C3BDDEAC">2014-02-27</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="3D949313F6FFBC9904960ED1ACABFF02" type="volume">
<mods:number id="07BD1AA2743D4E9977644A36B0C24CC4">3768</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:detail id="A7C21A247CD670D912E3E193AD0BE0E9" type="issue">
<mods:number id="5C1AD2C90D94B0A4BD07E83FB272446D">4</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="74015D5800B6A9E0B5B3E0BA9B8AD74B" unit="page">
<mods:start id="1967A3BEEB33E3BF1DEEA195CED63F18">401</mods:start>
<mods:end id="F59C52E0AEB5B7874FA9A31082B00E9D">427</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:classification id="F5C48CB01BE104B442D9ACA0AF12FDDC">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3D7852E40BDCC03059E2CDD658CDB84A" type="CLB-Dataset">46339</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="07209ADD8B47BE72747DCA5A08F27D42" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.1</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="CAF3BB890C0172B315ACA4E112828CED" type="GBIF-Dataset">50d9d914-e2ab-4187-89bb-5d47a7bcc9df</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="86A06E61166CBF90BE60C15ABFA6A228" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="6911ECC49E1D5FBF5BD32AC59EF98825" type="Zenodo-Dep">218566</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="76D3CB4AF11ADFBECDD6E559F0B730CD" type="ZooBank">2698BC2A-7B32-44A5-8856-2EB8846DEBD5</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="4C3EEE0B162AFFC8FF71F0C3FC3AD9CF" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4901945" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416451" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4901945" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3EEE0B162AFFC8FF71F0C3FC3AD9CF" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3EEE0B162AFFC8FF71F0C3FC3AD9CF" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF71F0C3FD0FDF7F" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF71F0C3FDE4DF5E" blockId="12.[151,757,764,823]" box="[151,542,764,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<heading id="9F60E871162AFFD1FF71F0C3FDE4DF5E" bold="true" box="[151,542,764,790]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" reason="1">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FF71F0C3FDE4DF5E" ID-CoL="8BNR5" authority="Delfinado" authorityName="Delfinado" box="[151,542,764,790]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF71F0C3FDE4DF5E" bold="true" box="[151,542,764,790]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF71F0C3FE66DF5E" bold="true" box="[151,412,764,790]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Culicoides nudipalpis</emphasis>
Delfinado
</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF71F121FD0FDF7F" blockId="12.[151,757,764,823]" box="[151,757,798,823]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
(
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FF79F121FEE5DF7F" box="[159,287,798,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 1 11" captionStartId="7.[151,264,1785,1807]" captionTargetBox="[181,1406,205,1751]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[161,1425,193,1764]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURES 1 11. Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 1, female eye separation; 4, female wing; 5, male wing. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 2, female eye separation; 6, female wing; 7, male wing. C. nudipalpis Delfinado 3, female eye separation; 8, female wing; 9, male wing. 10, C. superfulvus Das Gupta cotype female wing. 11 C. radicitus Delfinado neotype male wing." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218567/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Figs 3, 8, 9</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FECDF120FE67DF7F" box="[299,413,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">14, 17, 20</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FE4FF120FDBFDF7F" box="[425,581,799,823]" captionStart="FIGURES 21 33" captionStartId="9.[151,264,1878,1900]" captionTargetBox="[178,1409,201,1856]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[161,1425,193,1856]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 21 33. Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 21, female antenna; 25, male antenna; 28, female tibial comb; 31, female spermathecae. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 22, female antenna; 24, female antennal flagellomere 6; 26, male antenna; 29, female tibial comb; 32, female spermathecae. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 23, female antenna; 27, male antenna; 30, female tibial comb; 33, female spermathecae." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218569/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">23, 27, 30, 33</figureCitation>
, 40, 41, 42, 45)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF71F159FB47DFF2" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF71F159FB47DFF2" blockId="12.[151,1437,870,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<treatmentCitationGroup id="E4877833162AFFD1FF71F159FB47DFF2" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FF71F159FDB0DF34" ID-CoL="8BNR5" authority="Delfinado 1961:655" authorityName="Delfinado" authorityPageNumber="655" authorityYear="1961" box="[151,586,870,892]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF71F159FE8FDF34" box="[151,373,870,892]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Culicoides nudipalpis</emphasis>
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C162AFFD1FE9DF159FDB0DF34" author="Delfinado" box="[379,586,870,892]" page="655" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1961">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FE9DF159FDE6DF34" author="Delfinado" box="[379,540,870,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Delfinado, M. D. (1961) Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946 - 1947. The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 33, 627 - 675." type="journal article" year="1961">Delfinado 1961</bibRefCitation>
:655
</treatmentCitation>
</taxonomicName>
;
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C162AFFD1FDB2F159FCA6DF34" author="Wirth" box="[596,860,870,892]" page="281" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1989">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FDB2F159FCCBDF34" author="Wirth" box="[596,817,870,892]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
:281
</treatmentCitation>
(description of male and female);
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FB5AF159FF00DFD3" author="Meiswinkel" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Meiswinkel, R. &amp; Baylis, M. (1998) Morphological confirmation of the separate species status of Culicoides (Avaritia) nudipalpis Delfinado, 1961 and C. (A.) imicola Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1998">Meiswinkel &amp; Baylis, 1998</bibRefCitation>
(separation from
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FE54F1B9FDE6DFD3" ID-CoL="8BNQD" box="[434,540,901,923]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FE54F1B9FDE6DFD3" box="[434,540,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">C. imicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
);
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C162AFFD1FDD5F1BAFD07DFD3" author="Lien" box="[563,765,901,923]" page="35" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="1998">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FDD5F1BAFD1ADFD3" author="Lien" box="[563,736,901,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Lien, J. - C., Lin, C. - C. &amp; Weng, M. - H. (1998) A revision of the genus Culicoides in Taiwan. Part II. Subgenus Avaritia (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 51, 21 - 48." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lien
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FD8FF1B9FD5EDFD3" box="[617,676,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.,</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
:35
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FCEAF1BAFCA2DFD3" box="[780,856,901,923]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
record, description of male and female);
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C162AFFD1FAE5F1B9FF00DFF2" author="Yu" page="1018" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="2005">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FAE5F1B9FA62DFD3" author="Yu" box="[1283,1432,901,923]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. &amp; Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera, Vols. 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2005">
Yu
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FAC1F1B9FAA1DFD3" box="[1319,1371,901,923]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
: 1018
</treatmentCitation>
(
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FEE0F19BFEBEDFF2" box="[262,324,932,954]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">China</collectingCountry>
record, description of male and female);
<treatmentCitation id="4536790C162AFFD1FD01F19AFC4FDFF2" author="Dyce" box="[743,949,932,954]" page="19" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" year="2007">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FD01F19AFC60DFF2" author="Dyce" box="[743,922,932,954]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Dyce, A. L, Bellis, G. A. &amp; Muller, M. J. (2007) Pictorial atlas of Australasian Culicoides wings (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 88 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Dyce
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FCC5F19AFCACDFF2" box="[803,854,932,954]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
, 2007
</bibRefCitation>
:19
</treatmentCitation>
(female wing illustrated).
</treatmentCitationGroup>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF71F1D9FBC5D90B" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF71F1D9FAB4DFB7" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" box="[151,1358,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF71F1D9FDAFDFB7" bold="true" box="[151,597,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF162AFFD1FF71F1D9FF28DFB7" box="[151,210,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Type</typeStatus>
material examined.
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FE23F1D9FDB5DFB7" box="[453,591,998,1023]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Philippines</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Tala, Rizal,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FD04F1D9FC83DFB7" box="[738,889,998,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="1958-05-21">21.May.1958</date>
, M. Delfinado (
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF162AFFD1FBCFF1D8FB74DFB7" box="[1065,1166,999,1023]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, female,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FB15F1D8FABCDFB7" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" box="[1267,1350,999,1023]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34871" name="Smithsonian Institution, National Museum of Natural History" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">USNM</collectionCode>
)
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F635FC22D957" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F635FD2BD86B" bold="true" box="[199,721,1034,1059]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
Non-type material examined.
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FDD5F635FD36D86B" box="[563,716,1034,1059]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Timor Leste</collectingCountry>
:
</emphasis>
Hera,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FCC5F634FC4FD86B" box="[803,949,1035,1059]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2004-03-30">30.Mar.2004</date>
, Lt Tp., E. Watkins, (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FB52F634FADDD86B" box="[1204,1319,1034,1059]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">2 females</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FAD3F634FA6AD86B" box="[1333,1424,1035,1059]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Cape Tefara, lt. tp.
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FE6AF611FDE9D80F" box="[396,531,1070,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="1969-08-05">5.Aug.1969</date>
, DG. Nicholls (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FD3EF611FCB5D80F" box="[728,847,1070,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">5 females</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FC84F610FC4DD80F" box="[866,951,1070,1095]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FC2CF610FBE9D80F" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[970,1043,1071,1095]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">ANIC</collectionCode>
); Suai, Cafe Cooperativa Timor,
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA162AFFD1FF71F66DFEEED823" box="[151,276,1106,1131]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" precision="1" value="-9.3841">9°23.046'S</geoCoordinate>
;
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA162AFFD1FEC5F66DFE44D823" box="[291,446,1106,1131]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" precision="1" value="125.17792">125°10.675'E</geoCoordinate>
, Lt Tp,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FDF8F66CFD24D823" box="[542,734,1107,1131]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2010-05-13" valueMax="2010-05-14" valueMin="2010-05-13">1314.May.2010</date>
, B. Cookson (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FC61F66CFC16D823" box="[903,1004,1106,1131]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FC1FF66CFBA8D823" box="[1017,1106,1106,1131]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">2 males</specimenCount>
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FBBDF66CFB4CD823" box="[1115,1206,1107,1131]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Ainaro, Surucraic,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FF71F649FED0D8C7" box="[151,298,1142,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2001-11-15">15.Nov.2001</date>
, E. Watkins (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FE2CF648FDD4D8C7" box="[458,558,1142,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FDDAF648FD6CD8C7" box="[572,662,1143,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
), Bobonaro, Maliana, Rai Fun,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FBE2F648FB69D8C7" box="[1028,1171,1143,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2002-05-07">7-May-2002</date>
, E. Watkins (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FAD5F648FA62D8C7" box="[1331,1432,1142,1167]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FF71F6A4FF08D8FB" box="[151,242,1179,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Oecusse, Samora,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FE02F6A5FD82D8FB" box="[484,632,1178,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2005-02-24">24-Feb-2005</date>
, G. Bellis (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FCE3F6A4FC97D8FB" box="[773,877,1178,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FC98F6A4FC22D8FB" box="[894,984,1179,1203]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Cova Lima, Suai,
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA162AFFD1FB2AF6A4FAE1D8FB" box="[1228,1307,1179,1203]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" precision="555" value="-9.31">9.31°S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="A1A339DA162AFFD1FACAF6A5FA62D8FB" box="[1324,1432,1178,1203]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" precision="555" value="125.26">125.26°E</geoCoordinate>
,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FF71F681FEE5D89F" box="[151,287,1214,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2002-05-05">5.May.2002</date>
, G. Bellis (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FE42F680FDF2D89F" box="[420,520,1214,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FDF0F680FD8AD89F" box="[534,624,1215,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Oecusse, Pante Makassar,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FC50F680FBC4D89F" box="[950,1086,1215,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2002-12-07">7-Dec-2002</date>
, G. Bellis (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FB25F680FAD2D89F" box="[1219,1320,1214,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FAD3F680FA6AD89F" box="[1333,1424,1215,1239]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Ermera, Letefoho Eraulo,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FE5BF6DDFDB8D8B3" box="[445,578,1250,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2004-07-22">22.Jul.2004</date>
, E. Watkins (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FD3AF6DCFCC4D8B3" box="[732,830,1250,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FCACF6DCFC5ED8B3" box="[842,932,1251,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Viqueque,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FBD4F6DDFB4DD8B3" box="[1074,1207,1250,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2000-07-19">19.Jul.2000</date>
, A. Moss (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FAD3F6DCFA62D8B3" box="[1333,1432,1250,1275]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FF71F738FF08D957" box="[151,242,1287,1311]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
); Dili, Cristo Rei, Hera,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FDE5F739FD72D957" box="[515,648,1286,1311]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="2000-07-19">19.Jul.2000</date>
, A. Moss (
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FCE2F738FC9DD957" box="[772,871,1286,1311]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="female">1 female</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FC94F738FC37D957" box="[882,973,1287,1311]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">NTQIC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F715FBC5D90B" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" box="[199,1087,1322,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FF21F715FEC6D90B" box="[199,316,1322,1347]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F715FEC6D90B" bold="true" box="[199,316,1322,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Indonesia</emphasis>
</collectingCountry>
, Irian Jaya, Merauke, Kumbe, VLi378,
<date id="B02979DD162AFFD1FD1AF715FC7AD90B" box="[764,896,1322,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" value="1980-08-05">5.Aug.1980</date>
(
<specimenCount id="D2919494162AFFD1FC74F714FC24D90B" box="[914,990,1322,1347]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
,
<collectionCode id="A286C7D8162AFFD1FC0CF714FBCED90B" LSID="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" box="[1002,1076,1323,1347]" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:32981" name="Australian National Insect Collection" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">ANIC</collectionCode>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF21F771FA63DA06" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F771FA63DA06" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F771FEBBD92F" bold="true" box="[199,321,1358,1383]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Female: The only species in the
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FD57F771FCFCD92F" box="[689,774,1358,1383]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
complex with the combination of wing with proximal dark marking on costa of similar length to stigmatic dark spot, apical half of cell r2 included in post-stigmatic pale spot, posterior margin of apical pale marking in cell m1 curving posteriorly to reach vein M2 well before the wing margin, often crossing vein M2 and joining the pale spot in cell m2 and with
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FC00F7FEFBF0D990" box="[998,1034,1473,1496]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">PH</collectingCountry>
ratio less than 0.75.
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FB15F7FFFACBD991" box="[1267,1329,1472,1497]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Male</collectingCountry>
: there are currently no reliable characters for separating males of this species from those of
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FBC3F7D7FB5BD9B7" box="[1061,1185,1511,1535]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FBC3F7D7FB67D9B7" box="[1061,1181,1511,1535]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">C. imicola</taxonomicName>
.
</emphasis>
These two species are the only species in the
<taxonomicName id="0397249E162AFFD1FE49F434FDFEDA6C" box="[431,516,1547,1572]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="12" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
complex with the posterior margin of apical pale marking in cell m1 curving posteriorly to reach vein M2 well before the wing margin, often crossing vein M2 and joining the pale spot in cell m2
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF21F464FE34DB04" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="description">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F464FC39DB6F" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F464FE5DDA3C" bold="true" box="[199,423,1627,1652]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Description. Adult</emphasis>
. In addition to characters listed in the diagnosis, palpus (
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FBA9F464FB5EDA3C" box="[1103,1188,1627,1652]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 14</figureCitation>
) pale brown with 3rd segment slightly swollen, broadest about mid way along, sensory area a superficial rounded patch of aggregated sensoria in a shallow depression spanning nearly the full width of segment; legs (
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FBC9F49CFB7BDAF4" box="[1071,1153,1699,1724]" captionStart="FIGURES 12 20" captionStartId="8.[151,264,1847,1869]" captionTargetBox="[212,1371,211,1809]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[199,1387,193,1826]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURES 12 20. Female Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n., 12, palpus; 15, mandibular teeth; 18, legs. C. brevitarsis Kieffer, 13, palpus; 16, mandibular teeth; 19, legs. C. nudipalpis Delfinado, 14, palpus; 17, mandibular teeth; 20, legs." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218568/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 20</figureCitation>
) pale brown, fore &amp; mid femora with pale apical band, all tibiae with pale basal band and weak, broad apical pale band; haltere pale.
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FA84F4F8FA66DAA8" box="[1378,1436,1735,1760]" name="Malta" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Male</collectingCountry>
hypopygium (Fig. 40) with ventral membrane of ninth sternite bearing a sparse covering of spicules. Aedeagus (Fig. 42) with peg broad at base and noticeably paler than distal process.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F50CFE34DB04" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" box="[199,462,1843,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F50CFEA8DB04" bold="true" box="[199,338,1843,1868]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Immatures.</emphasis>
Unknown.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C96162AFFD1FF21F568FB11DBF0" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D162AFFD1FF21F568FB11DBF0" blockId="12.[151,1436,998,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FF21F568FE9ADB38" bold="true" box="[199,352,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Distribution.</emphasis>
(
<figureCitation id="5CAC4398162AFFD1FE92F568FE33DB38" box="[372,457,1879,1904]" captionStart="FIGURES 43 45" captionStartId="11.[151,264,1445,1467]" captionTargetBox="[192,1384,481,1434]" captionTargetId="figure@11.[186,1393,470,1437]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="FIGURES 43 45. Distribution of Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex species. 43. C. asiatica Bellis sp. n. based on specimen data and published records (Lien et al. 1998; Henna et al. 1991, Wada et al. 1996; Yanase et al. 2011). 44. C. brevitarsis Kieffer based on specimen data, NAMP records and published records (Yu et al. 2005). 45. C. nudipalpis Delfinado based on specimen data and published records (Delfinado 1961; Wirth &amp; Hubert 1989; Sukarsih et al. 1993; Lien et al. 1998)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218570/files/figure.png" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Fig. 45</figureCitation>
)
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FE3AF568FDA0DB38" box="[476,602,1879,1904]" name="Philippines" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Philippines</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FD8BF568FCDFDB38" author="Delfinado" box="[621,805,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Delfinado, M. D. (1961) Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946 - 1947. The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 33, 627 - 675." type="journal article" year="1961">Delfinado 1961</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FCD3F568FBCCDB38" author="Wirth" box="[821,1078,1879,1904]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FBA8F568FB45DB38" box="[1102,1215,1879,1904]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Indonesia</collectingCountry>
: Bali, West Timor,
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FF71F543FF24DBDB" box="[151,222,1916,1939]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Papua</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FF0AF544FECFDBDC" box="[236,309,1915,1940]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Flores</collectingCountry>
, Sumbawa, Lombok and
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FDBAF544FD49DBDC" box="[604,691,1915,1940]" name="Indonesia" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Maluku</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FD22F544FC38DBDC" author="Wirth" box="[708,962,1915,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
; Sukarsih
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FBDAF543FB82DBDB" box="[1084,1144,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
1993;
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FB2CF543FA6ADBDC" author="Dyce" box="[1226,1424,1915,1940]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Dyce, A. L, Bellis, G. A. &amp; Muller, M. J. (2007) Pictorial atlas of Australasian Culicoides wings (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Australian Biological Resources Study, Canberra, 88 pp." type="book" year="2007">
Dyce
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FAE9F543FAB0DBDB" box="[1295,1354,1915,1939]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
2007
</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FF71F5A0FEE5DBFF" box="[151,287,1951,1976]" name="Timor-Leste" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Timor Leste</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FEC8F5A0FDDEDBF0" author="Wirth" box="[302,548,1951,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert 1989</bibRefCitation>
),
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FDDEF5A0FD70DBF0" box="[568,650,1951,1976]" name="Taiwan" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
(
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FD7EF5A0FCB7DBF0" author="Lien" box="[664,845,1951,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Lien, J. - C., Lin, C. - C. &amp; Weng, M. - H. (1998) A revision of the genus Culicoides in Taiwan. Part II. Subgenus Avaritia (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 51, 21 - 48." type="journal article" year="1998">
Lien
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FD32F59FFCF7DBFF" box="[724,781,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
1998
</bibRefCitation>
) and
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D162AFFD1FC6DF5A0FC2BDBF0" box="[907,977,1951,1976]" name="China" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">China</collectingCountry>
, Hainan (
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC162AFFD1FBDDF59FFB25DBF0" author="Yu" box="[1083,1247,1951,1976]" pageId="12" pageNumber="413" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. &amp; Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera, Vols. 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter" year="2005">
Yu
<emphasis id="F6E3830F162AFFD1FB85F59FFB61DBFF" box="[1123,1179,1951,1975]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="413">et al.</emphasis>
2005
</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961629FFD2FF21F2A8FCEFDCB0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FF21F2A8FCEFDCB0" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF21F2A8FEDDDCF8" bold="true" box="[199,295,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Biology.</emphasis>
Largely unknown.
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FDE5F2A8FD2DDCF8" box="[515,727,151,176]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Bellis, G. A., Melville, L. &amp; Walsh, S. (2005) Preliminary assessment of the vector capacity of Culicoides nudipalpis and C. orientalis for bluetongue virus. Arbovirus Research in Australia, 9, 28 - 32." type="journal article">
Bellis
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FDAAF2A6FD7EDCF8" box="[588,644,152,176]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
investigated some of the aspects of biology pertinent to vector capacity and found this species to feed on mammals and have a relatively high survival rate. Sukarish
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FAF4F282FAB1DC9C" box="[1298,1355,188,212]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(1993) reported collecting this species in association with cattle.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961629FFC8FF21F33BFC3AD9CF" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FF21F33BFAC9DD2C" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF21F33BFEC1DD55" bold="true" box="[199,315,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Remarks.</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FEA3F33AFE2FDD54" author="Dyce" box="[325,469,260,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Dyce, A. L (1979) Culicoides radicitus Delfinado: A synonym of Culicoides brevitarsis Kieffer (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Journal of the Australian Entomological Society, 18, 52. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1440 - 6055.1979. tb 00811. x" type="journal article" year="1979">Dyce (1979)</bibRefCitation>
reported some confusion in the
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1629FFD2FCB7F33AFC7BDD55" box="[849,897,261,285]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">type</typeStatus>
series of this species. He could not locate the
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1629FFD2FF71F318FF03DD08" box="[151,249,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
female and the specimen illustrated as
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FD26F317FCA3DD08" box="[704,857,296,320]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FD26F317FCA3DD08" box="[704,857,296,320]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FC60F318FBB0DD08" author="Delfinado" box="[902,1098,295,320]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Delfinado, M. D. (1961) Philippine Zoological Expedition 1946 - 1947. The Philippine biting midges of the genus Culicoides (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Fieldiana Zoology, 33, 627 - 675." type="journal article" year="1961">Delfinado (1961)</bibRefCitation>
was apparently labeled as an allotype of
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FEF0F373FE61DD2C" box="[278,411,332,356]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="radicitus">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FEF0F373FE61DD2C" box="[278,411,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. radicitus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FE4FF373FD56DD2C" author="Wirth" box="[425,684,332,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert (1989)</bibRefCitation>
designated a
<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1629FFD2FCA3F372FC64DD2D" box="[837,926,333,357]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" type="neotype">neotype</typeStatus>
which is now lodged in the USNM.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FF21F350FECEDF15" blockId="15.[151,1436,151,861]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FF21F350FDF1DDC0" author="Meiswinkel" box="[199,523,367,392]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Meiswinkel, R. &amp; Baylis, M. (1998) Morphological confirmation of the separate species status of Culicoides (Avaritia) nudipalpis Delfinado, 1961 and C. (A.) imicola Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1998">Meiswinkel &amp; Baylis (1998)</bibRefCitation>
correctly noted that
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FD11F34FFC75DDC0" box="[759,911,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FD11F34FFC75DDC0" box="[759,911,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is morphologically most similar to
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FAC0F34FFA66DDC0" box="[1318,1436,368,392]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FAC0F34FFA66DDC0" box="[1318,1436,368,392]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. imicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and reported on characters used to distinguish these two species. They were unable to observe differences between males of these two species and although differences are apparent in the ratio of the length between the interocular seta and the base of the cibarium to the length between the base of the cibarium and the apex of the labium (Bellis, Garros &amp; Labuschagne unpublished data), these differences require further study to confirm their validity. Results from the present study confirm the observations of
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FD0AF01BFBCCDE74" author="Meiswinkel" box="[748,1078,548,573]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Meiswinkel, R. &amp; Baylis, M. (1998) Morphological confirmation of the separate species status of Culicoides (Avaritia) nudipalpis Delfinado, 1961 and C. (A.) imicola Kieffer, 1913 (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae). Onderstepoort Journal of Veterinary Research, 65, 9 - 16." type="journal article" year="1998">Meiswinkel &amp; Baylis (1998)</bibRefCitation>
that the
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1629FFD2FB46F01AFB3EDE74" box="[1184,1220,549,572]" name="Philippines" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">PH</collectingCountry>
ratio of female
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FA64F01BFEF7DE28" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FA64F01BFEF7DE28" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is less than that reported for
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FD82F077FD21DE28" box="[612,731,584,608]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FD82F077FD21DE28" box="[612,731,584,608]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. imicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and this remains the most reliable means of separating these species. Genetic analyses reported herein support the validity of
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FC8FF053FBFADECC" box="[873,1024,620,644]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FC8FF053FBFADECC" box="[873,1024,620,644]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as a taxon and analyses of
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1629FFD2FAD7F053FA96DECC" box="[1329,1388,620,644]" name="Chad" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">CAD</collectingCountry>
and concatenated
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1629FFD2FED4F0AFFE94DEE0" box="[306,366,656,680]" name="Chad" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">CAD</collectingCountry>
+COI data place it as sister to
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FD36F0AFFCBDDEE0" box="[720,839,656,680]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FD36F0AFFCBDDEE0" box="[720,839,656,680]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. imicola</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
as morphological similarity might suggest although COI analysis did not agree with this close relationship.
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FCEBF08BFBEEDE84" author="Wirth" box="[781,1044,692,717]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Wirth, W. W. &amp; Hubert, A. A. (1989) Culicoides of Southeast Asia. Memoirs of the American Entomological Institute No. 44, Florida, USA, 508 pp." type="book" year="1989">Wirth &amp; Hubert (1989)</bibRefCitation>
reported that these two species do not occur sympatrically although
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FDF7F0E7FD39DEB8" box="[529,707,727,752]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Yu, Y. - X., Liu, J. - H., Liu, G. - P., Liu, Z. - J., Hao, B. - S., Yan, G. &amp; Zhao, T. - S. (2005) Ceratopogonidae of China, Insecta, Diptera, Vols. 1 - 2. Military Medical Science Press, Beijing, 1699 pp. [in Chinese]" type="book chapter">
Yu
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FDDEF0E6FD8BDEB8" box="[568,625,728,752]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(2005)
</bibRefCitation>
have subsequently reported both species occurring on Hainan in
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1629FFD2FF71F0C3FF20DF5D" box="[151,218,764,789]" name="China" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">China</collectingCountry>
and
<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1629FFD2FEF2F0C3FE24DF5C" box="[276,478,764,789]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" refString="Lien, J. - C., Lin, C. - C. &amp; Weng, M. - H. (1998) A revision of the genus Culicoides in Taiwan. Part II. Subgenus Avaritia (Diptera, Ceratopogonidae). Journal of Taiwan Museum, 51, 21 - 48." type="journal article">
Lien
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FEB7F0C2FE71DF5C" box="[337,395,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">et al.</emphasis>
(1998)
</bibRefCitation>
reported
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FDABF0C3FD1CDF5C" box="[589,742,764,788]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FDABF0C3FD1CDF5C" box="[589,742,764,788]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in nearby
<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1629FFD2FC85F0C3FC4FDF5D" box="[867,949,764,789]" name="Taiwan" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Taiwan</collectingCountry>
so these species are not as geographically separate as previously thought and workers in this region are encouraged to check material to ensure accurate identification.
</paragraph>
<caption id="90E80F951629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B" ID-Table-UUID="90E80F951629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/90E80F951629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" targetBox="[159,1413,1047,1442]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FF71F1B3FF09DF8B" blockId="15.[151,1436,908,963]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF71F1B3FEF1DFEB" bold="true" box="[151,267,908,931]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
Ratio of length:width of antennal flagellar segments of females of
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FC3CF1B3FAB5DFEB" box="[986,1359,908,931]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FC3CF1B3FB49DFEB" box="[986,1203,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">Culicoides bolitinos</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FB58F1B3FAB5DFEB" box="[1214,1359,908,931]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">C. brevitarsis</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FA62F1B3FF15DF8B" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">C. asiatica</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFC8FE15F1E1FDA9DCA8" blockId="15.[499,726,990,1012]" lastBlockId="21.[190,1204,202,268]" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="422" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">Antennal flagellomere Antennal flagellomere Gene: COI</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FE15F628FAC3D9EA" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<table id="B697ADBD16290022FF79F628FA7FD9EA" box="[159,1413,1047,1442]" gridcols="8" gridrows="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rowsContinueIn="15.[159,1392,1584,1978]">
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F628FA7FD865" box="[159,1413,1047,1069]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3976342316290022FE15F628FDA3D865" box="[499,601,1047,1069]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FD91F628FD26D865" box="[631,732,1047,1069]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FCF6F628FC8CD865" box="[784,886,1047,1069]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FC72F628FC00D865" box="[916,1018,1047,1069]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">4</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FBFEF628FB84D865" box="[1048,1150,1047,1069]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">5</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FB7DF628FAFAD865" box="[1179,1280,1047,1069]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">6</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FAF9F628FA7FD865" box="[1311,1413,1047,1069]" gridcol="7" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">7</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F67EFA7FD81F" box="[159,1413,1089,1111]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F67EFE36D81F" box="[159,460,1089,1111]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F67DFEDDD81F" box="[159,295,1089,1111]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F67DFEDDD81F" box="[159,295,1089,1111]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F67EFDA3D81F" box="[499,601,1089,1111]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.27</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F67EFD26D81F" box="[631,732,1089,1111]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.03</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F67EFC8CD81F" box="[784,886,1089,1111]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.08</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F67EFC00D81F" box="[916,1018,1089,1111]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.28</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF67EFB84D81F" box="[1048,1150,1089,1111]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.39</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF67EFAFAD81F" box="[1179,1280,1089,1111]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.38</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F67EFA7FD81F" box="[1311,1413,1089,1111]" gridcol="7" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.41</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F655FA7FD8C8" box="[159,1413,1130,1152]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F655FE36D8C8" box="[159,460,1130,1152]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F655FDA3D8C8" box="[499,601,1130,1152]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.091.47</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F655FD26D8C8" box="[631,732,1130,1152]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">0.881.14</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F655FC8CD8C8" box="[784,886,1130,1152]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">0.861.23</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F655FC00D8C8" box="[916,1018,1130,1152]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.081.50</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF655FB84D8C8" box="[1048,1150,1130,1152]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.081.58</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF655FAFAD8C8" box="[1179,1280,1130,1152]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.171.54</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F655FA7FD8C8" box="[1311,1413,1130,1152]" gridcol="7" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.171.67</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F6ABFA7FD8E2" box="[159,1413,1172,1194]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F6ABFE36D8E2" box="[159,460,1172,1194]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F6ABFDA3D8E2" box="[499,601,1172,1194]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F6ABFD26D8E2" box="[631,732,1172,1194]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F6ABFC8CD8E2" box="[784,886,1172,1194]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F6ABFC00D8E2" box="[916,1018,1172,1194]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF6ABFB84D8E2" box="[1048,1150,1172,1194]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF6ABFAFAD8E2" box="[1179,1280,1172,1194]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F6ABFA7FD8E2" box="[1311,1413,1172,1194]" gridcol="7" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F682FA7FD89B" box="[159,1413,1213,1235]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F682FE36D89B" box="[159,460,1213,1235]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F681FEF6D89B" box="[159,268,1214,1235]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F681FEF6D89B" box="[159,268,1214,1235]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F682FDA3D89B" box="[499,601,1213,1235]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.21</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F682FD26D89B" box="[631,732,1213,1235]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">0.91</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F682FC8CD89B" box="[784,886,1213,1235]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.08</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F682FC00D89B" box="[916,1018,1213,1235]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.20</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF682FB84D89B" box="[1048,1150,1213,1235]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.37</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF682FAFAD89B" box="[1179,1280,1213,1235]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.35</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F682FA7FD89B" box="[1311,1413,1213,1235]" gridcol="7" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.35</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F6D9FA7FD8B4" box="[159,1413,1254,1276]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F6D9FE36D8B4" box="[159,460,1254,1276]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F6D9FDA3D8B4" box="[499,601,1254,1276]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.091.36</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F6D9FD26D8B4" box="[631,732,1254,1276]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">0.781.00</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F6D9FC8CD8B4" box="[784,886,1254,1276]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11.43</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F6D9FC00D8B4" box="[916,1018,1254,1276]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11.40</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF6D9FB84D8B4" box="[1048,1150,1254,1276]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.211.64</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF6D9FAFAD8B4" box="[1179,1280,1254,1276]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.291.5</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F6D9FA7FD8B4" box="[1311,1413,1254,1276]" gridcol="7" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.231.64</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F730FA7FD96D" box="[159,1413,1295,1317]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F730FE36D96D" box="[159,460,1295,1317]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F730FDA3D96D" box="[499,601,1295,1317]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">7</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F730FD26D96D" box="[631,732,1295,1317]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F730FC8CD96D" box="[784,886,1295,1317]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F730FC00D96D" box="[916,1018,1295,1317]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF730FB84D96D" box="[1048,1150,1295,1317]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF730FAFAD96D" box="[1179,1280,1295,1317]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F730FA7FD96D" box="[1311,1413,1295,1317]" gridcol="7" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F706FA7FD907" box="[159,1413,1337,1359]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F706FE36D907" box="[159,460,1337,1359]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F705FEEFD907" box="[159,277,1337,1359]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F705FEEFD907" box="[159,277,1337,1359]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F706FDA3D907" box="[499,601,1337,1359]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.36</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F706FD26D907" box="[631,732,1337,1359]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.12</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F706FC8CD907" box="[784,886,1337,1359]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.28</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F706FC00D907" box="[916,1018,1337,1359]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.43</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF706FB84D907" box="[1048,1150,1337,1359]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.6</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF706FAFAD907" box="[1179,1280,1337,1359]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.52</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F706FA7FD907" box="[1311,1413,1337,1359]" gridcol="7" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.67</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F75CFA7FD931" box="[159,1413,1379,1401]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F75CFE36D931" box="[159,460,1379,1401]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">(ex Meiswinkel 1995) range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F75CFDA3D931" box="[499,601,1379,1401]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.251.50</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F75CFD26D931" box="[631,732,1379,1401]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.031.25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F75CFC8CD931" box="[784,886,1379,1401]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.171.48</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F75CFC00D931" box="[916,1018,1379,1401]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.291.56</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF75CFB84D931" box="[1048,1150,1379,1401]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.381.77</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF75CFAFAD931" box="[1179,1280,1379,1401]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.331.70</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F75CFA7FD931" box="[1311,1413,1379,1401]" gridcol="7" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.481.83</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F7B3FA7FD9EA" box="[159,1413,1420,1442]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F7B3FE36D9EA" box="[159,460,1420,1442]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FE15F7B3FDA3D9EA" box="[499,601,1420,1442]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD91F7B3FD26D9EA" box="[631,732,1420,1442]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCF6F7B3FC8CD9EA" box="[784,886,1420,1442]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC72F7B3FC00D9EA" box="[916,1018,1420,1442]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FBFEF7B3FB84D9EA" box="[1048,1150,1420,1442]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB7DF7B3FAFAD9EA" box="[1179,1280,1420,1442]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAF9F7B3FA7FD9EA" box="[1311,1413,1420,1442]" gridcol="7" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="90E80F951629FFD2FF71F7F9FE77D994" box="[151,397,1478,1500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" targetBox="[159,1392,1584,1978]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="15">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FF71F7F9FE77D994" blockId="15.[151,397,1478,1500]" box="[151,397,1478,1500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF71F7F9FEFCD994" bold="true" box="[151,262,1478,1500]" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">TABLE 6.</emphasis>
(Continued).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1629FFD2FDF7F40FFADFDBF2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<table id="B697ADBD16290022FF79F40FFA8ADBF2" box="[159,1392,1584,1978]" gridcols="7" gridrows="10" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rowsContinueFrom="15.[159,1413,1047,1442]">
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F40FFA8ADA0E" box="[159,1392,1584,1606]" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" rowspan-0="1">
<th id="3976342316290022FDF7F40FFD8DDA0E" box="[529,631,1584,1606]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FD4FF40FFCF4DA0E" box="[681,782,1584,1606]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FCA7F40FFC5DDA0E" box="[833,935,1584,1606]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">10</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FC3CF40FFBC5DA0E" box="[986,1087,1584,1606]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">11</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FB94F40FFB22DA0E" box="[1138,1240,1584,1606]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">12</th>
<th id="3976342316290022FAECF40FFA8ADA0E" box="[1290,1392,1584,1606]" gridcol="6" gridrow="0" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">13</th>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F465FA8ADA38" box="[159,1392,1626,1648]" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F465FE36DA38" box="[159,460,1626,1648]" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F465FEDDDA38" box="[159,295,1626,1648]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="brevitarsis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F465FEDDDA38" box="[159,295,1626,1648]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. brevitarsis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F465FD8DDA38" box="[529,631,1626,1648]" gridcol="1" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.53</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF465FCF4DA38" box="[681,782,1626,1648]" gridcol="2" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.51</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F465FC5DDA38" box="[833,935,1626,1648]" gridcol="3" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.53</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF465FBC5DA38" box="[986,1087,1626,1648]" gridcol="4" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.55</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F465FB22DA38" box="[1138,1240,1626,1648]" gridcol="5" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.54</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF465FA8ADA38" box="[1290,1392,1626,1648]" gridcol="6" gridrow="1" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3.99</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F4BCFA8ADAD1" box="[159,1392,1667,1689]" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F4BCFE36DAD1" box="[159,460,1667,1689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F4BCFD8DDAD1" box="[529,631,1667,1689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.071.83</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF4BCFCF4DAD1" box="[681,782,1667,1689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.693.00</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F4BCFC5DDAD1" box="[833,935,1667,1689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.082.83</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF4BCFBC5DAD1" box="[986,1087,1667,1689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.152.85</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F4BCFB22DAD1" box="[1138,1240,1667,1689]" gridcol="5" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.083.25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF4BCFA8ADAD1" box="[1290,1392,1667,1689]" gridcol="6" gridrow="2" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3.574.46</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F493FA8ADA8A" box="[159,1392,1708,1730]" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F493FE36DA8A" box="[159,460,1708,1730]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F493FD8DDA8A" box="[529,631,1708,1730]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF493FCF4DA8A" box="[681,782,1708,1730]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F493FC5DDA8A" box="[833,935,1708,1730]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF493FBC5DA8A" box="[986,1087,1708,1730]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F493FB22DA8A" box="[1138,1240,1708,1730]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">9</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF493FA8ADA8A" box="[1290,1392,1708,1730]" gridcol="6" gridrow="3" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F4E9FA8ADAA4" box="[159,1392,1750,1772]" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F4E9FE36DAA4" box="[159,460,1750,1772]" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F4E8FEF6DAA4" box="[159,268,1751,1772]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="asiatica">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F4E8FEF6DAA4" box="[159,268,1751,1772]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. asiatica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F4E9FD8DDAA4" box="[529,631,1750,1772]" gridcol="1" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.49</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF4E9FCF4DAA4" box="[681,782,1750,1772]" gridcol="2" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.40</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F4E9FC5DDAA4" box="[833,935,1750,1772]" gridcol="3" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.47</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF4E9FBC5DAA4" box="[986,1087,1750,1772]" gridcol="4" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.61</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F4E9FB22DAA4" box="[1138,1240,1750,1772]" gridcol="5" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.36</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF4E9FA8ADAA4" box="[1290,1392,1750,1772]" gridcol="6" gridrow="4" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3.97</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F4C0FA8ADB5D" box="[159,1392,1791,1813]" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F4C0FE36DB5D" box="[159,460,1791,1813]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F4C0FD8DDB5D" box="[529,631,1791,1813]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.361.79</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF4C0FCF4DB5D" box="[681,782,1791,1813]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.142.92</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F4C0FC5DDB5D" box="[833,935,1791,1813]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.312.64</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF4C0FBC5DB5D" box="[986,1087,1791,1813]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.292.92</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F4C0FB22DB5D" box="[1138,1240,1791,1813]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">22.71</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF4C0FA8ADB5D" box="[1290,1392,1791,1813]" gridcol="6" gridrow="5" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3.574.46</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F517FA8ADB76" box="[159,1392,1832,1854]" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F517FE36DB76" box="[159,460,1832,1854]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F517FD8DDB76" box="[529,631,1832,1854]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF517FCF4DB76" box="[681,782,1832,1854]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F517FC5DDB76" box="[833,935,1832,1854]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">8</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF517FBC5DB76" box="[986,1087,1832,1854]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">7</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F517FB22DB76" box="[1138,1240,1832,1854]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">7</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF517FA8ADB76" box="[1290,1392,1832,1854]" gridcol="6" gridrow="6" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">7</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F56DFA8ADB20" box="[159,1392,1874,1896]" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F56DFE36DB20" box="[159,460,1874,1896]" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1629FFD2FF79F56DFEEFDB20" box="[159,277,1874,1896]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="15" pageNumber="416" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bolitinos">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1629FFD2FF79F56DFEEFDB20" box="[159,277,1874,1896]" italics="true" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">C. bolitinos</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
mean
</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F56DFD8DDB20" box="[529,631,1874,1896]" gridcol="1" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.81</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF56DFCF4DB20" box="[681,782,1874,1896]" gridcol="2" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.63</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F56DFC5DDB20" box="[833,935,1874,1896]" gridcol="3" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.6</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF56DFBC5DB20" box="[986,1087,1874,1896]" gridcol="4" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.54</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F56DFB22DB20" box="[1138,1240,1874,1896]" gridcol="5" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.5</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF56DFA8ADB20" box="[1290,1392,1874,1896]" gridcol="6" gridrow="7" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">4.04</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F544FA8ADBD9" box="[159,1392,1915,1937]" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F544FE36DBD9" box="[159,460,1915,1937]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">(ex Meiswinkel 1995) range</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F544FD8DDBD9" box="[529,631,1915,1937]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">1.621.92</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF544FCF4DBD9" box="[681,782,1915,1937]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.312.92</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F544FC5DDBD9" box="[833,935,1915,1937]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.442.79</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF544FBC5DBD9" box="[986,1087,1915,1937]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.222.85</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F544FB22DBD9" box="[1138,1240,1915,1937]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">2.072.88</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF544FA8ADBD9" box="[1290,1392,1915,1937]" gridcol="6" gridrow="8" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">3.694.62</td>
</tr>
<tr id="7AA75D5F16290022FF79F59BFA8ADBF2" box="[159,1392,1956,1978]" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">
<th id="3976342316290022FF79F59BFE36DBF2" box="[159,460,1956,1978]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">n</th>
<td id="3976342316290022FDF7F59BFD8DDBF2" box="[529,631,1956,1978]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FD4FF59BFCF4DBF2" box="[681,782,1956,1978]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FCA7F59BFC5DDBF2" box="[833,935,1956,1978]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FC3CF59BFBC5DBF2" box="[986,1087,1956,1978]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FB94F59BFB22DBF2" box="[1138,1240,1956,1978]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
<td id="3976342316290022FAECF59BFA8ADBF2" box="[1290,1392,1956,1978]" gridcol="6" gridrow="9" pageId="15" pageNumber="416">25</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<caption id="90E80F951634FFCFFF71F577FB94DB91" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218571/files/figure.png" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" targetBox="[274,1317,205,1822]" targetPageId="18">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1634FFCFFF71F577FB94DB91" blockId="18.[151,1436,1864,2009]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1634FFCFFF71F577FEE5DB16" bold="true" box="[151,287,1864,1886]" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">FIGURE 46.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD &amp; COI sequences at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1634FFCFFBA9F577FB41DB16" box="[1103,1211,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1634FFCFFBA9F577FB41DB16" box="[1103,1211,1864,1886]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1634FFCFFAA8F577FA61DB16" box="[1358,1435,1864,1886]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1634FFCFFA62F557FF02DBD3" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="18" pageNumber="419" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1634FFCFFA62F557FF02DBD3" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="419">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values &lt;60% not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent&gt; 98% pp and open circles represent 7098 % pp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90E80F951635FFCEFF71F521FD9CDB85" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218572/files/figure.png" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" targetBox="[401,1238,202,1790]" targetPageId="19">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1635FFCEFF71F521FD9CDB85" blockId="19.[151,1436,1822,1997]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1635FFCEFF71F521FEDBDB7C" bold="true" box="[151,289,1822,1844]" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">FIGURE 47.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree inferred from COI sequences at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1635FFCEFC67F521FC17DB7C" box="[897,1005,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1635FFCEFC67F521FC17DB7C" box="[897,1005,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1635FFCEFB6EF521FB2FDB7C" box="[1160,1237,1822,1844]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1635FFCEFB71F502FAEDDB1A" box="[1175,1303,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1635FFCEFB71F502FAEDDB1A" box="[1175,1303,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values &lt;60% not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent&gt; 98% pp and open circles represent 70 98 % pp. Specimen
<accessionNumber id="DBC4C2FE1635FFCEFB52F5A7FAD9DBE6" box="[1204,1315,1944,1966]" httpUri="https://www.ebi.ac.uk/ena/browser/api/embl/AY286329" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">AY286329</accessionNumber>
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1635FFCEFAD6F5A7FE99DB85" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="19" pageNumber="420" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pseudopallidipennis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1635FFCEFAD6F5A7FE99DB85" italics="true" pageId="19" pageNumber="420">Culicoides pseudopallidipennis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
accessed from GenBank.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90E80F951632FFC9FF71F503FB94DB84" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/218573/files/figure.png" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" targetBox="[328,1265,206,1821]" targetPageId="20">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1632FFC9FF71F503FB94DB84" blockId="20.[151,1436,1852,1996]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1632FFC9FF71F503FEDEDB1A" bold="true" box="[151,292,1852,1874]" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">FIGURE 48.</emphasis>
Maximum likelihood tree inferred from concatenated CAD sequences at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1632FFC9FBDDF503FB5DDB1A" box="[1083,1191,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1632FFC9FBDDF503FB5DDB1A" box="[1083,1191,1852,1874]" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">Culicoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species in the
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1632FFC9FAA8F503FA61DB1A" box="[1358,1435,1852,1874]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
complex and other representative Avaritia. Terminal labels indicate specimen ID and species (Table 7). Tree rooted at
<taxonomicName id="0397249E1632FFC9FA62F564FF02DBC7" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="20" pageNumber="421" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="orientalis">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1632FFC9FA62F564FF02DBC7" italics="true" pageId="20" pageNumber="421">C. orientalis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Scale bar = 0.05 substitutions per site. Node support values generated from 1200 replicate ML searches (values &lt;60% not shown). Bayesian phylogenetic analysis pp supports estimated from 15000 sampled trees are indicated in the tree as circles at nodes, where closed circles represent&gt; 98% pp and open circles represent 7098 % pp.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="90E80F951633FFC8FF71F2A7FBDFDCE7" ID-Table-UUID="90E80F951633FFC8FF71F2A7FBDFDCE7" box="[151,1061,152,175]" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/90E80F951633FFC8FF71F2A7FBDFDCE7" pageId="21" pageNumber="422" targetBox="[151,1290,329,1288]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="21">
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1633FFC8FF71F2A7FBDFDCE7" blockId="21.[151,1061,152,175]" box="[151,1061,152,175]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1633FFC8FF71F2A7FEF0DCE7" bold="true" box="[151,266,152,175]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">TABLE 8.</emphasis>
Sequence statistics for each gene (COI, CAD) and at each codon position.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1633FFC8FF58F2CBFC3AD9CF" blockId="21.[190,1204,202,268]" lastBlockId="21.[151,1436,1362,1415]" pageId="21" pageNumber="422">codon 1st 2nd 3rd all Notes: # informative = number of parsimony informative sites; CI = consistency index; CI-ex = consistency index excluding invariant sites; RI = retention index; RC = rescaled consistency index (CI * RI).</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>