189 lines
19 KiB
XML
189 lines
19 KiB
XML
<document id="0AB7DBAC4A57730D9F07A53ECFECBF5D" ID-CLB-Dataset="46339" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.1" ID-GBIF-Dataset="50d9d914-e2ab-4187-89bb-5d47a7bcc9df" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="218566" ID-ZooBank="2698BC2A-7B32-44A5-8856-2EB8846DEBD5" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1460389791867" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Bellis, Glenn, Dyce, Alan, Gopurenko, David, Yanase, Tohru, Garros, Claire, Labuschagne, Karien & Mitchell, Andrew" docDate="2014" docId="4C3EEE0B1625FFD9FF71F1EDFA66DEB8" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03768p427.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3768 (4)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Culicoides" docType="treatment" docVersion="10" lastPageNumber="405" masterDocId="B00796731626FFDDFFE6F23FFFFADC48" masterDocTitle="Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region" masterLastPageNumber="427" masterPageNumber="401" pageNumber="404" updateTime="1698298081609" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="5CB4A49843204B7E3852B6E67A1040C1">Revision of the Culicoides (Avaritia) Imicola complex Khamala & Kettle (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) from the Australasian region</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="ECE876CA6B843DB6DD670177421C0388">Bellis, Glenn</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="EB51ADA9D47F235B731293D1F25ED077">Dyce, Alan</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="EF0D371325BFFFEA81CC94D967986D85" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="0848A3DBE0E16A5A81D3E22B6396D0D0">Gopurenko, David</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="46DEDB7FB89FF26E2931EDE612F7F31E" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="7D51135D44D41974ABD11A8DEBD5B0E8">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="C52E731C475508C1D84011599C8E42FC">Yanase, Tohru</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="9BA2F5BED7F44C3E0029DE6575C3B367" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="234683BF719E8B260AA278DC44181D32">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="2D3E850867C216E4B78282BDD42B54CE">Garros, Claire</mods:namePart>
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<mods:name id="1211F03630E4A33449FCCFC9AC2E26E8" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="852B81ADCFA77DE200E5B0429925CFFB">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0368F4EF9DBD227DC4CC413D407046CA">Labuschagne, Karien</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="475B1F1BEB64233E2C21226B1056840E" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="E52F42AA0FEEBAD03FDBCF313291585D">Mitchell, Andrew</mods:namePart>
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<mods:titleInfo id="BDD327D40F5282BED4092320D754E516">
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<mods:title id="E27FD66B7C7CB5C9FE67D555FFF3FD2A">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="2B22CF8797EA2C0BE59B5D7360A9A283">
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<mods:date id="E2915C4C8431C40059ADF19433DDBFD1">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0A8AD58E8278AE23ACA432BE383FDB45">2014-02-27</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="FFA10040D8088CF5CC59BD5D54CAE17A">3768</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="04D4457AF641434B2EC34D8D0CE16BAC" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="6DA0C86DE8453A87D2BBEDCAA8661275">4</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="086099B4424FE91150829D051787EF7D">401</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="1DBC01CFC59F4F6970B0EB7D87CED8FC">427</mods:end>
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<mods:identifier id="16E9357305AB1FE4E673D9C1B63A3408" type="CLB-Dataset">46339</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="D136289518DB8FF50072F4CDD216B07C" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3768.4.1</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="8AB791538EE0FFAD1470013E6D4547F3" type="GBIF-Dataset">50d9d914-e2ab-4187-89bb-5d47a7bcc9df</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="69E133A042F1AF8476B2275A43B51650" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="9E9EDDFDA339A853E3F63FFAC15A1621" type="Zenodo-Dep">218566</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4C3EEE0B1625FFD9FF71F1EDFA66DEB8" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4901935" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119416450" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4901935" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4C3EEE0B1625FFD9FF71F1EDFA66DEB8" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4C3EEE0B1625FFD9FF71F1EDFA66DEB8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961625FFDEFF71F1EDFD6ADFA3" box="[151,656,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF71F1EDFD6ADFA3" blockId="3.[151,656,978,1003]" box="[151,656,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<heading id="9F60E8711625FFDEFF71F1EDFD6ADFA3" bold="true" box="[151,656,978,1003]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" reason="2">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331625FFDEFF71F1EDFD6ADFA3" box="[151,656,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF71F1EDFD6ADFA3" bold="true" box="[151,656,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1625FFDEFF71F1EDFEEADFA3" ID-CoL="9G2GV" box="[151,272,978,1003]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF71F1EDFEEADFA3" bold="true" box="[151,272,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Culicoides</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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subgen.
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFE9FF1EDFE2EDFA3" bold="true" box="[377,468,978,1003]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Avaritia</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1625FFDEFE3DF1EDFD70DFA3" author="Fox" box="[475,650,978,1003]" page="218" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1955">
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1625FFDEFE3DF1EDFDA8DFA3" author="Fox" box="[475,594,978,1003]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Fox, I. (1955) A catalogue of the bloodsucking midges of the Americas (Culicoides, Leptoconops, and Lasiohelea) with keys to the subgenera and Nearctic species, a geographic index and bibliography. Journal of Agriculture of the University of Puerto Rico, 39, 214 - 285." type="journal article" year="1955">Fox, 1955</bibRefCitation>
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: 218
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</emphasis>
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961625FFDEFF71F624FD30D8DA" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF71F624FCA1D878" blockId="3.[151,859,1050,1072]" box="[151,859,1050,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<typeStatus id="1B2CE1BF1625FFDEFF71F624FF33D878" box="[151,201,1051,1072]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Type</typeStatus>
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species
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1625FFDEFEF9F624FD9BD878" authority="Meigen" authorityName="Meigen" box="[287,609,1050,1072]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Ceratopogon" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obsoletus">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFEF9F624FDF0D878" box="[287,522,1050,1072]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Ceratopogon obsoletus</emphasis>
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Meigen
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</taxonomicName>
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, by original designation.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF71F662FD99D83B" blockId="3.[151,714,1117,1170]" box="[151,611,1117,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<treatmentCitationGroup id="E48778331625FFDEFF71F662FD99D83B" box="[151,611,1117,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF71F662FEAAD83B" bold="true" box="[151,336,1117,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1625FFDEFF71F662FF13D83B" ID-CoL="8BNQD" box="[151,233,1117,1139]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="426" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">Imicola</taxonomicName>
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Complex
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</emphasis>
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<treatmentCitation id="4536790C1625FFDEFEB0F662FDA4D83B" author="Khamala" box="[342,606,1117,1139]" page="8" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" year="1971">
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1625FFDEFEB0F662FDB5D83B" author="Khamala" box="[342,591,1117,1139]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Khamala, C. P. M. & Kettle, D. S. (1971) The Culicoides Latreille (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) of East Africa. Transactions of the Royal Entomological Society of London, 123, 1 - 95. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1111 / j. 1365 - 2311.1971. tb 00840. x" type="journal article" year="1971">Khamala & Kettle 1971</bibRefCitation>
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:8
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</treatmentCitation>
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.
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</treatmentCitationGroup>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF71F643FD30D8DA" blockId="3.[151,714,1117,1170]" box="[151,714,1148,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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Nominate species:
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1625FFDEFEB1F643FD3CD8DA" authority="Kieffer 1913: 11" authorityName="Kieffer" authorityPageNumber="11" authorityYear="1913" box="[343,710,1148,1170]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imicola">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFEB1F643FDECD8DA" box="[343,534,1148,1170]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Culicoides imicola</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="A00622EC1625FFDEFDFAF643FD5BD8DA" author="Kieffer" box="[540,673,1148,1170]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" refString="Kieffer, J. J. (1913) Chironomidae et Cecidomyidae. In: Alluaud. C. A. & Jeannel, R. (Eds.), Voyage de Ch. Alluaud et R. Jeannel en Afrique orientale (1911 - 1912). Resultats scientifiques. Diptera (= Vol. 5). Paris, pp. 1 - 43" type="journal article" year="1913">Kieffer 1913</bibRefCitation>
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: 11
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961625FFDEFF71F681FD1AD92F" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF71F681FD1AD92F" blockId="3.[151,1437,1214,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF71F681FEF0D89F" bold="true" box="[151,266,1214,1239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Diagnosis</emphasis>
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(modified from Meiswinkel 2004).
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFD79F681FD14D89F" bold="true" box="[671,750,1214,1239]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Adults</emphasis>
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: Females: the only species grouping within
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFB38F680FB02D89E" box="[1246,1272,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C.</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFAA4F680FA66D89E" box="[1346,1436,1215,1238]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Avaritia</emphasis>
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with terga on abdominal segments III–V almost round, not wider than long and with sclerotised plates surrounding gonopore truncate, not partially encircling the gonopore. Males: The only species grouping within
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFB39F738FB03D956" box="[1247,1273,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C.</emphasis>
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subg.
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFAA4F738FA66D956" box="[1346,1436,1287,1310]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Avaritia</emphasis>
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with an asymmetrical apex to the anterior ‘peg’ of the aedeagus and with a single STl on antennal flagellomeres 5– 7 coupled with an absence of STl on flagellomere 8.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="8C8D0C961625FFD9FF21F74DFA66DEB8" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" type="description">
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF21F74DFB3EDA56" blockId="3.[151,1437,1214,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF21F74DFEA3D9C3" bold="true" box="[199,345,1394,1419]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Description.</emphasis>
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFE87F74CFE4BD9C3" box="[353,433,1395,1419]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Adults:</emphasis>
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Eyes bare. Palpus with five segments, each supporting SCh, segment 3 slightly swollen medially with a round, shallow pit (sensory area reduced to a depression in most specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="0397249E1625FFDEFB54F7A8FAB2D9E6" box="[1202,1352,1430,1454]" class="Insecta" family="Ceratopogonidae" genus="Culicoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="404" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nudipalpis">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFB54F7A8FAB2D9E6" box="[1202,1352,1430,1454]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">C. nudipalpis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). Wing relatively strongly patterned. Mesonotum inconspicuously patterned, legs weakly banded, hind tibial comb with five spines, first from spur longest. Wing with cells r1 and r2 subequal in length, cell r2 tip included in post-stigmatal pale spot to varying degrees, lumens not expansive; pale markings large, distributed in all cells.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFDEFF21F416FECDDB52" blockId="3.[151,1437,1214,2034]" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF21F416FEE1DA09" box="[199,283,1577,1601]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Female</emphasis>
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. Eyes contiguous for 1–2 facets. Antennae with basal flagellomeres barrel-shaped, distal flagellomeres elongate; SCo distribution 1, 10–13, in some species also present on 9; basal whorls of two to four SCh on 2–8 with higher numbers on flagellomeres 2, 4, 6 and 8 than on 3, 5 or 7, SCh always absent from 9–13; one pair of STl and one STc present on flagellomeres 2–8. Mouthparts relatively short, cibarium bare. Pigmentation on third and fourth abdominal tegites not markedly wider than long; sclerotised plate surrounding gonopore truncate; two subequal ovoid or round developed spermathecae with short, tapered necks and one vestigial present, sclerotized ring parallel-sided.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1625FFD9FF21F51AFA79DD08" blockId="3.[151,1437,1214,2034]" lastBlockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="405" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<collectingCountry id="BC801F8D1625FFDEFF21F51AFEFBDB75" box="[199,257,1829,1853]" name="Malta" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1625FFDEFF21F51AFEFBDB75" box="[199,257,1829,1853]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="404">Male</emphasis>
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</collectingCountry>
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. Antennae with plume of SCh on flagellomeres 1–10, flagellomeres 2–10 partially fused, 11–13 elongate and subcylindrical; SCo distribution 1, 11–13; pair of STl on flagellomeres 2–4, single on 5–7; single STc on 2–8; basal whorls of three and two SCh on 11 and 12 respectively. Wings patterned similarly to female but with pale spots generally more expansive. Genitalia with ninth tergite as wide anteriorly as posteriorly with lateral sides concave, apicolateral processes reduced to broad flanges, posterior margin entire and concave. Gonocoxite almost parallel sided for most of its length, ventral and dorsal roots long and narrow, both curving to converge apically; dorsal root arising from gonocoxite at about 75–90°• Gonostylus slender, distally curving gently to a pointed apex. Ninth sternite with deep caudomedial excavation, membrane bare or spiculate. Aedeagus with low arch; body with almost straight lateral shoulders leading to a tapered distal process with a smoothly rounded apex; anteriorly projected peg not connected to arms of aedeagus by membrane and with an asymmetrically shaped apex. Parameres separate, converging and swelling medially, apical arms tapered, curved and converging to sharp tips.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF21F373FC18DD98" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
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<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF21F373FEB1DD2D" bold="true" box="[199,331,332,357]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Immatures</emphasis>
|
||
: Pupa relatively smooth, respiratory horns stout without spines or transverse convolutions, lateral respiratory openings not borne on protuberances; Operculum with long hairlike spines, rarely with reticulate bulges;
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF17F3ABFEF7DDE4" box="[241,269,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">ad</emphasis>
|
||
setae long, subequal;
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FDE8F3ABFDE6DDE4" box="[526,540,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">d</emphasis>
|
||
tubercles
|
||
<quantity id="036FF2F81622FFD9FD72F3ABFD27DDE5" box="[660,733,404,429]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.08" metricValueMax="7.62" metricValueMin="2.54" pageId="4" pageNumber="405" unit="in" value="2.0" valueMax="3.0" valueMin="1.0">1–3 in</quantity>
|
||
line and 1 and 2 quite close together; caudal segment with a transverse band of spines across disc; caudal spines short, without spicules.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF71F3E2FDDADECD" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Larva with small eyes made up of a single pigmented spot on each side; head very short and square, broad in front; collar weakly developed. Ventral side of head with longitudinal suture, head setae moderately long; parahypostomal setae located at a distance from subgenal rim; labrum pointed, with two overlying folds; epipharynx with 2–3 combs, dorsal comb with 7–10 teeth. Thorax unpigmented but with diffuse paired post lateral patches of fat body in fourth instar.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF21F0B0FD98DE84" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF21F0B0FE8EDEE0" bold="true" box="[199,372,655,680]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">Larval habitat</emphasis>
|
||
: Animal dung-pats, moist turf high in organic matter, rotting organic matter. Larvae and pupae are unable to swim and sink in tap water.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C4285F1D1622FFD9FF21F0E8FA66DEB8" blockId="4.[151,1436,151,752]" box="[199,1436,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">
|
||
<emphasis id="F6E3830F1622FFD9FF21F0E8FE55DEB8" bold="true" box="[199,431,727,752]" pageId="4" pageNumber="405">World distribution.</emphasis>
|
||
Restricted to the Old world - Afrotropical, Oriental, Palaearctic and Australasian regions.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |