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<document id="321FB415D4F44D98D7C059800A9A6953" ID-CLB-Dataset="29800" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.4442.1.5" ID-GBIF-Dataset="acfb3118-aaf0-4a55-ad3a-6264724330e2" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="1301342" ID-ZooBank="01381A69-5641-418D-97B3-9D4959F24A33" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1530293802283" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Palacio, Edgard, Bordera, Santiago, Sääksjärvi, Ilari E. &amp; Díaz, Francisco" docDate="2018" docId="4A1A2075FFED562BFF38E7622991CE93" docLanguage="en" docName="zootaxa.4442.1.5.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 4442 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Clistopyga isayae Palacio &amp; Bordera &amp; Sääksjärvi &amp; Díaz 2018" docType="treatment" docVersion="7" lastPageNumber="102" masterDocId="B623580DFFEC5629FFAFE23E2A04CE46" masterDocTitle="The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part II: the C. isayae species group, with the description of seven new species" masterLastPageNumber="121" masterPageNumber="101" pageNumber="102" updateTime="1698551756145" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="DD118509244FC95FA3C9D38BD3CD1604">The Neotropical species of Clistopyga (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae, Pimplinae). Part II: the C. isayae species group, with the description of seven new species</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="4471A9526790807A1E42DCDD0C38F60B">Palacio, Edgard</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A4E2315B07544A5F8C38A341A269E7FF">Bordera, Santiago</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="E7280940E6ADAF36A15953E2BE1AEC23">Sääksjärvi, Ilari E.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="95D94E36C9E3C10FE64024D598871EB6">Díaz, Francisco</mods:namePart>
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<treatment id="4A1A2075FFED562BFF38E7622991CE93" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5962187" ID-GBIF-Taxon="146043415" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5962187" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4A1A2075FFED562BFF38E7622991CE93" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4A1A2075FFED562BFF38E7622991CE93" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="102" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<subSubSection id="8AA9C2E8FFED5628FF38E7622856CB30" box="[151,594,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="C20C9163FFED5628FF38E7622856CB30" blockId="1.[151,594,1372,1398]" box="[151,594,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<heading id="9944260FFFED5628FF38E7622856CB30" bold="true" box="[151,594,1372,1398]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" reason="1">
<emphasis id="F0C74D71FFED5628FF38E7622856CB30" bold="true" box="[151,594,1372,1398]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
The
<taxonomicName id="05B3EAE0FFED5628FF60E7622BA4CB30" authorityName="Palacio &amp; Bordera &amp; Sääksjärvi &amp; Díaz" authorityYear="2018" box="[207,416,1372,1398]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isayae">
<emphasis id="F0C74D71FFED5628FF60E7622BA4CB30" bold="true" box="[207,416,1372,1398]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Clistopyga isayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species-group
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AA9C2E8FFED5628FF38E79C2EF1C9C9" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="C20C9163FFED5628FF38E79C2EF1C9C9" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,2007]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="F0C74D71FFED5628FF38E79C2B15CBFD" bold="true" box="[151,273,1442,1467]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Diagnosis.</emphasis>
Clypeus distinctly convex in dorsal half, flat in ventral half, with apical margin bilobed (
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FAA7E79C2F62CBFD" box="[1288,1382,1442,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1710,1732]" captionTargetBox="[151,1436,193,1689]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,193,1689]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 2. C. crassicaudata Sääksjärvi, Bordera &amp; Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head, dorsal view. C. Metasoma, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, dorsal view. E. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. F. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301346/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 2A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FADCE79D2F93CBFD" box="[1395,1431,1443,1467]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="6.[151,250,1327,1349]" captionTargetBox="[151,1435,193,1305]" captionTargetId="figure@6.[151,1436,193,1306]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="FIGURE 3. C. isayae Díaz, Bordera &amp; Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, frontal view. B. Head and mesosoma, dorsal view. C. Metasoma, dorsal view. D. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. E. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301348/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">3A</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FF38E7F92ABDCB99" box="[151,185,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[190,1382,193,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[190,1384,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. kalima Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301350/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">4B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FF68E7F82AEDCB99" box="[199,233,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. C. nigriventris Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301352/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">5B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FF58E7F82B1ECB99" box="[247,282,1478,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[231,1356,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. C. panchei Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301354/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">6B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FE89E7F92B4DCB98" box="[294,329,1479,1502]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[230,1354,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[230,1356,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. C. splendida Palacio &amp; Bordera sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301356/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">7B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FEF9E7F92B7ECB99" box="[342,378,1479,1503]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[225,1348,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[225,1348,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301358/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">8B</figureCitation>
). Gena in anterior view slightly rounded or almost straight and moderately constricted below eyes. Occipital carina completely absent, widely interrupted laterally (
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FC1CE7D42E38C845" box="[947,1084,1514,1539]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,265,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[176,1412,265,1498]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Clistopyga spp. ♀. AC. Subalar prominence. A. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., paratype. B. C. kalima Palacio sp. nov., holotype. C. C. panchei Palacio sp. nov., holotype. DE. Head, posterior view, upper and lower arrows indicates the dorsal and ventral parts of occipital carina, respectively. D. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., paratype. E. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype. FG. Ovipositor sheath, the arrows shows the denticles at basal ventral margin. F. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., holotype. G. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301364/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Fig. 11D, E</figureCitation>
), or present only ventrally as a short vestige. Occiput in dorsal view slightly concave. Malar space 0.61.1 × as long as basal mandibular width. Antenna with 2427 flagellomeres, first flagellomere 5.97.3 × as long as wide. Epomia strong but short. Posterior part of median lobe of mesoscutum not prominent. Metapleuron 2.42.9 × as long as deep. Propodeum without lateromedian longitudinal carina, 1.21.5× as long as medially wide in dorsal view. Submetapleural carina completely absent. Hind leg with femur 3.94.6 × as long as deep and 0.81.1 × as long as tibia. Sternite I of metasoma extending back about 0.40.6 of length of tergite. Ovipositor slender to stout, 2.63.3 × as long as hind tibia: shaft weakly upcurved at apical 0.30.5, not denticulate in basal 0.35, with isolated, coarse transverse wrinkles; upper valve with apex blunt, not tapered, slightly to distinctly thickened (
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FB91E5342EB8C964" box="[1086,1212,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1980,2002]" captionTargetBox="[188,1393,195,1951]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[188,1393,195,1951]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 1. Habitus of Clistopyga spp. ♀. A. C. isayae Díaz, Bordera &amp; Palacio sp. nov., holotype B. C. crassicaudata Sääksjärvi, Bordera &amp; Palacio sp. nov., holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301344/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 1A, B</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FB67E5352EE2C965" box="[1224,1254,1803,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1901,1923]" captionTargetBox="[190,1382,193,1866]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[190,1384,193,1867]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 4. C. kalima Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301350/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">4F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FB5DE5342F14C965" box="[1266,1296,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="10.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[217,1369,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@10.[217,1369,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="10" captionText="FIGURE 5. C. nigriventris Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301352/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">5F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FAB4E5342F3DC965" box="[1307,1337,1802,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="13.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[231,1356,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@13.[231,1356,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="FIGURE 6. C. panchei Palacio sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301354/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">6F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FAEAE5352F67C964" box="[1349,1379,1803,1826]" captionStart="FIGURE 7" captionStartId="15.[151,250,1900,1922]" captionTargetBox="[230,1354,193,1876]" captionTargetId="figure@15.[230,1356,193,1878]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="FIGURE 7. C. splendida Palacio &amp; Bordera sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301356/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">7F</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FAC0E5352F8BC965" box="[1391,1423,1803,1827]" captionStart="FIGURE 8" captionStartId="17.[151,250,1877,1899]" captionTargetBox="[225,1348,193,1841]" captionTargetId="figure@17.[225,1348,193,1843]" captionTargetPageId="17" captionText="FIGURE 8. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype, ♀. A. Head, lateral view. B. Head, frontal view. C. Head, dorsal view. D. Mesosoma, lateral view. E. Metasoma, lateral view. F. Ovipositor. G. Fore wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between 1m-cu and Cu1a) and vein Cu1b, respectively. H. Hind wing, upper and lower arrows indicates abscissa of Cu1 (between M and cu-a) and vein cu-a, respectively. I. Mesosoma, dorsal view. J. Metasoma, dorsal view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301358/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">8F</figureCitation>
), and with fine longitudinal rugulae. Ovipositor sheath 1.92.5 × as long as hind tibia, with numerous denticles at basal ventral margin (
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FE37E56C2822C92D" box="[408,550,1874,1899]" captionStart="FIGURE 11" captionStartId="19.[151,250,1520,1542]" captionTargetBox="[176,1412,265,1496]" captionTargetId="figure@19.[176,1412,265,1498]" captionTargetPageId="19" captionText="FIGURE 11. Clistopyga spp. ♀. AC. Subalar prominence. A. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., paratype. B. C. kalima Palacio sp. nov., holotype. C. C. panchei Palacio sp. nov., holotype. DE. Head, posterior view, upper and lower arrows indicates the dorsal and ventral parts of occipital carina, respectively. D. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., paratype. E. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype. FG. Ovipositor sheath, the arrows shows the denticles at basal ventral margin. F. C. splendida Palacio sp. nov., holotype. G. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., holotype." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301364/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Figs 11FG</figureCitation>
). Female fore leg with tibia unspecialized, not swollen. Male gena without longitudinal concavity in ventral part (
<figureCitation id="5A888DE6FFED5628FDE9E54828AFC9C9" box="[582,683,1910,1935]" captionStart="FIGURE 10" captionStartId="18.[151,250,1731,1753]" captionTargetBox="[152,1424,1348,1706]" captionTargetId="figure@18.[151,1436,1348,1707]" captionTargetPageId="18" captionText="FIGURE 10. C. taironae Palacio, Bordera &amp; Díaz sp. nov., paratype, ♂. A. Head. B. Mesosoma, lateral view. C. Metasoma, lateral view." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/1301362/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Fig. 10A</figureCitation>
) (the male is currently known only for one species).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="8AA9C2E8FFED562BFF68E5A42991CE93" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="C20C9163FFED562BFF68E5A42991CE93" blockId="1.[151,1437,1442,2007]" lastBlockId="2.[151,1436,151,213]" lastPageId="2" lastPageNumber="103" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">
<emphasis id="F0C74D71FFED5628FF68E5A42B3FC9F5" bold="true" box="[199,315,1946,1971]" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">Remarks.</emphasis>
The
<taxonomicName id="05B3EAE0FFED5628FED4E5A52BE2C9F4" authorityName="Palacio &amp; Bordera &amp; Sääksjärvi &amp; Díaz" authorityYear="2018" box="[379,486,1947,1970]" class="Insecta" family="Ichneumonidae" genus="Clistopyga" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="isayae">
<emphasis id="F0C74D71FFED5628FED4E5A52BE2C9F4" box="[379,486,1947,1970]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="102">C. isayae</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
species group appears to be restricted to tropical South America and most of the species are found at mid and high altitudes in Andean forests, between
<quantity id="054B3C86FFED5628FC79E5812E6AC991" box="[982,1134,1983,2007]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.1" metricValueMax="3.0" metricValueMin="1.2" pageId="1" pageNumber="102" unit="m" value="2100.0" valueMax="3000.0" valueMin="1200.0">12003000m</quantity>
. Seven species are known from
<collectingCountry id="BAA4D1F3FFEE562BFF7AE2A92B42CEF6" box="[213,326,151,176]" name="Colombia" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Colombia</collectingCountry>
,
<collectingCountry id="BAA4D1F3FFEE562BFEFCE2A62B82CEE9" box="[339,390,152,175]" name="Peru" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Peru</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="BAA4D1F3FFEE562BFE10E2A92831CEF6" box="[447,565,151,176]" name="Venezuela" pageId="2" pageNumber="103">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
, but it is possible that there are several new species waiting to be discovered especially in the tropical Andean forests of northern South America.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>