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<document id="3682A47F016567DAF14619B34D92FA1F" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11404264" ID-ISSN="1525-9153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404264" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1716907766958" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M. &amp; Señaris, J. Celsa" docDate="2019" docId="4608879FFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FBE0FAB9" docLanguage="en" docName="AmphibReptileCons.13.1.e180.pdf" docOrigin="Amphibian &amp; Reptile Conservation (e 180) 13 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3.2:AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3" docStyleName="AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Rhinella marina" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="17" masterDocId="BA31FFE7FFACFF986D36FA1CFFB9FFDF" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="17" updateTime="1717186961153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:title id="DD4592289B999AEE23BE93B85CED9A9C">Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B05297F99087E6948C545F0520DA783F">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="4C3A218151651D58EBDE6E86EC3A19A0">Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010 - A, VENEZUELA &amp; Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619 - 900, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="EA66695B754548A9B84B4E9A5F376CDE">Señaris, J. Celsa</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="F03A0B443A5F3D7E8D60FA90ECD29D4C">Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:date id="CD1AEDFF86785EDB961F635C2B883191">2019</mods:date>
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<treatment id="4608879FFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FBE0FAB9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404953" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404953" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4608879FFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FBE0FAB9" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4608879FFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FBE0FAB9" lastPageNumber="17" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FB42FF7A" box="[911,1275,141,166]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FB42FF7A" blockId="18.[911,1275,141,166]" box="[911,1275,141,166]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<heading id="955681E5FFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FB42FF7A" box="[911,1275,141,166]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" reason="4">
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FB42FF7A" ID-CoL="4S7NY" authority="(Linnaeus 1758)" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[911,1275,141,166]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6EB9FA91FBFDFF79" bold="true" box="[911,1092,141,166]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
(Linnaeus 1758)
</taxonomicName>
</heading>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFBEFF8A6E21FAD2FBF2FE99" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6E21FAD2FC04FED9" blockId="18.[791,1395,206,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21FAD2FC3EFF39" bold="true" box="[791,903,206,230]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<typeStatus id="111A882BFFBEFF8A6E21FAD2FC3AFF39" box="[791,899,206,230]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
:
</emphasis>
Not identified (originally in the collection of Albertus Seba).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6E21FB12FBF2FE99" blockId="18.[791,1395,206,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21FB12FC0EFEFA" bold="true" box="[791,951,269,294]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Type locality:</emphasis>
“America.” Restricted to
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A69D3FB12FAF2FEF9" box="[1253,1355,270,294]" name="Suriname" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Suriname</collectingCountry>
by
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6E21FB32FBFEFE99" author="Muller L &amp; Hellmich W." box="[791,1095,302,326]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 120" refId="ref102484" refString="Muller L, Hellmich W. 1936. Amphibien und Reptilien. I. Teil: Amphibia, Chelonia, Loricata. Wissenschaftliche Ergebnisse der Deutschen Gran Chaco-Expedition. 4: 1 - 120." type="journal article" year="1936">Müller and Hellmich (1936)</bibRefCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFBEFF8A6E21FB51FB1FFDB9" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6E21FB51FB1FFDB9" blockId="18.[791,1395,206,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21FB51FC12FEBA" bold="true" box="[791,939,333,357]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Distribution:</emphasis>
Regions 3, 4, 5. After the partition of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6E21FB72FC7FFE5A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[791,966,366,390]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21FB72FC7FFE5A" box="[791,966,366,390]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Rhinella marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
into two species (Acevedo et al. 2016), the name
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6E4BFB92FC73FE7A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[893,970,398,421]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E4BFB92FC73FE7A" box="[893,970,398,421]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is now applied to populations occurring east of the Andes in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6ECAFBB2FBD3FE19" box="[1020,1130,430,454]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
and
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6994FBB2FAB7FE19" box="[1186,1294,430,454]" name="Colombia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Colombia</collectingCountry>
, south to central
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6E52FBD2FC1CFE39" box="[868,933,462,486]" name="Brazil" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Brazil</collectingCountry>
to
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6EF5FBD2FBACFE39" box="[963,1045,462,486]" name="Bolivia" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Bolivia</collectingCountry>
. This species has been introduced onto several islands and into countries in the Caribbean, Pacific, and Indian Oceans (
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A690AF812FABDFDF9" author="Zug GR &amp; Zug PB" box="[1084,1284,526,550]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref110947" refString="Zug GR, Zug PB. 1979. The marine toad, Bufo marinus: a natural history resume of native populations. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 284: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1979">Zug and Zug 1979</bibRefCitation>
), although distinction between
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6ED9F832FBE3FD9A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1007,1114,558,581]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6ED9F832FBE3FD9A" box="[1007,1114,558,581]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">R. marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A69B9F832FAAAFD99" baseAuthorityName="Wiegmann" baseAuthorityYear="1833" box="[1167,1299,558,582]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horribilis">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A69B9F832FAAAFD99" box="[1167,1299,558,582]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">R. horribilis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
invasive populations has yet to be determined.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="86BB6502FFBEFF8A6E21F872FBE0FAB9" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6E21F872FC77FC79" blockId="18.[791,1395,206,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21F872FC3EFD59" bold="true" box="[791,903,622,646]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Remarks:</emphasis>
All populations sampled west of the Andes are currently recognized as
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6908F892FC2EFD19" authority="(Acevedo et al. 2016)" baseAuthorityName="Acevedo" baseAuthorityYear="2016" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="horribilis">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6908F892FABDFD79" box="[1086,1284,654,678]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Rhinella horribilis</emphasis>
(Acevedo et al. 2016)
</taxonomicName>
. These authors, however, did not include in their analysis samples of
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFFBEFF8A6910F8D2FB28FD3A" baseAuthorityName="Linnaeus" baseAuthorityYear="1758" box="[1062,1169,718,741]" class="Amphibia" family="Bufonidae" genus="Rhinella" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="marina">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6910F8D2FB28FD3A" box="[1062,1169,718,741]" italics="true" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">R. marina</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from the majority of
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6E21F8F2FC31FCD9" box="[791,904,750,774]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. The current authors have observed important morphological and acoustic differences in populations east of the Andes, at least in
<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FFBEFF8A6979F932FB79FC99" box="[1103,1216,814,838]" name="Venezuela" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
. A wider sample should be analyzed to properly assess the complex taxonomy and nomenclature of these species and/or species complex.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FFBEFF8A6E21F9B1FBE0FAB9" blockId="18.[791,1395,206,1382]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFFBEFF8A6E21F9B1FBBAFC1A" bold="true" box="[791,1027,941,965]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17">Selected references:</emphasis>
Lichtenstein and von Martens (1856);
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6E5BF9D2FC49FC39" author="Lutz A." box="[877,1008,974,998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="35 - 65" refId="ref99402" refString="Lutz A. 1927. Notas sobre batrachios da Venezuela e da Ilha de trinidad. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 20: 35 - 65." type="journal article" year="1927">Lutz (1927)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6ECAF9D2FB35FC3A" author="Gines H." box="[1020,1164,973,998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="85 - 146" refId="ref92933" refString="Gines H. 1959. Familias y generos de anfibios Amphibia de Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 19: 85 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Ginés (1959)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A69AEF9D2FAA7FC3A" author="Rohl E." box="[1176,1310,973,998]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref106444" refString="Rohl E. 1959. Fauna Descriptiva de Venezuela (Vertebrados). 4 ta edicion, corregida y aumentada. Nuevas Graficas, Madrid, Espana. 516 p." type="book" year="1959">Rohl (1959)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A681CF9D2FCEEFBD9" author="Rivero JA" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 267" refId="ref104771" refString="Rivero JA. 1961. Salientia of Venezuela. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 126: 1 - 267." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivero (1961</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6E50F9F2FC10FBD9" author="Rivero JA" box="[870,937,1006,1030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="307 - 317" refId="ref104904" refString="Rivero JA. 1964 a. The distribution of Venezuelan frogs IV. The Coastal Range. Caribbean Journal of Science 4: 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1964">1964a</bibRefCitation>
d, 1967a);
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6906F9F2FA94FBDA" author="Heatwole H &amp; Solano H &amp; Heatwole A." box="[1072,1325,1005,1030]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="349 - 364" refId="ref94159" refString="Heatwole H, Solano H, Heatwole A. 1965. Notes on amphibians from the Venezuelan Guayanas with description of two new forms. Acta Biologica Venezuelica 4: 349 - 364." type="journal article" year="1965">Heatwole et al. (1965)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A680AF9F2FCD8FBF9" author="Tello J." pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="246 - 247" refId="ref109611" refString="Tello J. 1968. Clase Amphibia. Pp. 246 - 247. In: Historia Natural de Caracas. Ediciones del Concejo Municipal del Distrito Federal, Caracas, Miranda, Venezuela. 323 p." type="book chapter" year="1968">Tello (1968)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6E4FFE12FB13FBF9" author="Staton MA &amp; Dixon JR" box="[889,1194,1038,1062]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="17 - 24" refId="ref109304" refString="Staton MA, Dixon JR. 1977. The herpetofauna of the central Llanos of Venezuela: noteworthy records, a tentative checklist and ecological notes. Journal of Herpetology 11: 17 - 24." type="journal article" year="1977">Staton and Dixon (1977)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A69F4FE12FC79FB99" author="Hoogmoed MS &amp; Gorzula S." pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="183 - 216" refId="ref95609" refString="Hoogmoed MS, Gorzula S. 1979. Checklist of the savanna inhabiting frogs of the El Manteco region with notes on their ecology and the description of a new species of tree frog (Hylidae, Anura). Zoologische Mededelingen 54: 183 - 216." type="journal article" year="1979">Hoogmoed and Gorzula (1979)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6EF8FE32FA83FB99" author="Rivero-Blanco C &amp; Dixon JR" box="[974,1338,1070,1094]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="281 - 298" refId="ref106190" refString="Rivero-Blanco C, Dixon JR. 1979. Origin and distribution of the herpetofauna of northern South America. Pp. 281 - 298. In: The South American Herpetofauna: Its Origin, Evolution and Dispersal. Editor, Duellman WE. Museum of Natural History, University of Kansas Monographs 7. University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas, USA. 485 p." type="book chapter" year="1979">Rivero-Blanco and Dixon (1979)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A687EFE32FC75FBB9" author="Zug GR &amp; Zug PB" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="1 - 58" refId="ref110947" refString="Zug GR, Zug PB. 1979. The marine toad, Bufo marinus: a natural history resume of native populations. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology 284: 1 - 58." type="journal article" year="1979">Zug and Zug (1979)</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6EE8FE52FAD6FBB9" author="Pefaur JE &amp; Diaz de Pascual A." box="[990,1391,1102,1126]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" refId="ref103493" refString="Pefaur JE, Diaz de Pascual A. 1982. Aspectos biogeograficos de las comunidades de anfibios y saurios de los Andes venezolanos. In: Zoologia Neotropical. Actas VIII Congreso Latinoamericano de Zoologia. Editor, Salinas PJ. Producciones Alfa, Merida, Merida, Venezuela. 1,531 p." type="book" year="1982">Péfaur and Díaz De Pascual (1982</bibRefCitation>
, 1987);
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FFBEFF8A6E58FE72FB6CFB59" author="Hoogmoed MS &amp; Gruber U." box="[878,1237,1134,1158]" pageId="18" pageNumber="17" pagination="319 - 415" refId="ref95657" refString="Hoogmoed MS, Gruber U. 1983. Spix and Wagler type specimens of reptiles and amphibians in the Natural History Musea in Munich (Germany) and Leiden (The Netherlands). Spixiana 9: 319 - 415." type="journal article" year="1983">Hoogmoed and Gruber (1983)</bibRefCitation>
;
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