236 lines
26 KiB
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236 lines
26 KiB
XML
<document id="B5603BDB073C5573AEE078F8872B84F3" ID-DOI="10.5281/zenodo.11404264" ID-ISSN="1525-9153" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404264" IM.bibliography_approvedBy="juliana" IM.illustrations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="juliana" IM.metadata_approvedBy="juliana" IM.tables_approvedBy="juliana" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="juliana" IM.treatments_approvedBy="juliana" checkinTime="1716907766958" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Barrio-Amorós, César L., Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M. & Señaris, J. Celsa" docDate="2019" docId="4608879FFF94FFA26E42FC91FF65FF39" docLanguage="en" docName="AmphibReptileCons.13.1.e180.pdf" docOrigin="Amphibian & Reptile Conservation (e 180) 13 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3.2:AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleId="2DCF38F802BD4DFFCCCB5916C58E77B3" docStyleName="AmphibReptileConse.2015-.journal_article.2cover" docStyleVersion="2" docTitle="Gastrotheca williamsoni Gaige 1922" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="56" masterDocId="BA31FFE7FFACFF986D36FA1CFFB9FFDF" masterDocTitle="Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation" masterLastPageNumber="198" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1717186961153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:titleInfo id="E0562594E29BF5512D5967DDE2BD1EF9">
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<mods:title id="1266380FE8652B6A38EA8A6C067D934C">Catalogue of the amphibians of Venezuela: Illustrated and annotated species list, distribution, and conservation</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name id="DA5A6360ABF5821D526DEAF8EBF7AF4C" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="1A142BD3B73A3918BF15F29F03C644A2">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="4E00BE35F59DC01BBA06867EE15FB03F">Barrio-Amorós, César L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="60FB55662A8F6D18294C3C00F6E653EE">Fundación AndígenA, Apartado Postal 210, Mérida, VENEZUELA & Current address: Doc Frog Expeditions, Uvita de Osa, COSTA RICA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="0CD2D9B572ADDBBD8617FC32E8E3608A" type="email">cesarlba@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="4C0225DB346BD06FF1B63035F49B6D59" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="60A7FD5529A89CD5EC9D4DE0AFAB9113">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="0B60538877E2CC0332C6DD3A687F45FC">Rojas-Runjaic, Fernando J. M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="C58139DA7E1DC45299966D67EF269966">Fundación La Salle de Ciencias Naturales, Museo de Historia Natural La Salle, Apartado Postal 1930, Caracas 1010 - A, VENEZUELA & Current address: Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Río Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Laboratório de Sistemática de Vertebrados, Av. Ipiranga 6681, Porto Alegre, RS 90619 - 900, BRAZIL</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="16731099D390CB51C8175C8F8AAD6D68" type="email">rojas_runjaic@yahoo.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="6B36343064D57430DEEAD0D62C0B930D" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="AAEB772124D772EC9DA3306918BB1CD6">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="FB4120CEF07F19DC6CA7C0AE92D59B70">Señaris, J. Celsa</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="9F2B92286F81222EB35834AF2F41277C">Instituto Venezolano de Investigaciones Científicas, Altos de Pipe, apartado 20632, Caracas 1020, VENEZUELA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="9D123F27F283CB0517E091090EFAB66A" type="email">celsisenaris@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="BC39287D45782DC73EA90F60A371AED0">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C671D2B776C71C6D2F68B586E60D0989">Amphibian & Reptile Conservation</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="B8ABFFA40DEAD901CB9EEFE4A48489E3">
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<mods:date id="003694C4E923B3CC5AF6B588468350F4">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="38A6127E2A985414C1E3A7123691E4AC" type="series">
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<mods:title id="56D1CBEA7912EDA134D39D01A9DEF9A5">e 180</mods:title>
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<mods:number id="7BFA8D6D233C6806074351796EEB2D73">2019-07-14</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="59FF44248618FC089261730FF828AA9A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="B62E80C6CBBF69FD847994EAE9BE75E1">13</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="B3566F9142BE9661589204208D8D7EE0">1</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="72F764B679C57B88A14A9115E6237142">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="4123102E367DEB86AEC1FE263F35483F" type="DOI">10.5281/zenodo.11404264</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="71B2E5335E647D29C1CB9B7F2E71C00B" type="ISSN">1525-9153</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="032F7A9BD5EDECA485A6A60F45DA01D6" type="Zenodo-Dep">11404264</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="4608879FFF94FFA26E42FC91FF65FF39" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11405388" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11405388" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4608879FFF94FFA26E42FC91FF65FF39" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4608879FFF94FFA26E42FC91FF65FF39" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<subSubSection id="86BB6502FF94FFA06E42FC91FAACF97A" box="[884,1301,1677,1702]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF94FFA06E42FC91FAACF97A" blockId="56.[884,1301,1677,1702]" box="[884,1301,1677,1702]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<heading id="955681E5FF94FFA06E42FC91FAACF97A" box="[884,1301,1677,1702]" centered="true" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" reason="4">
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF94FFA06E42FC91FAB1F979" ID-CoL="6JXVY" authority="Gaige, 1922" authorityName="Gaige" authorityYear="1922" box="[884,1288,1677,1702]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsoni">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06E42FC91FBC6F97A" bold="true" box="[884,1151,1677,1701]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Gastrotheca williamsoni</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF94FFA069B0FC92FAB1F979" author="Gaige HT" box="[1158,1288,1678,1702]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref92414" refString="Gaige HT. 1922. A new Gastrotheca from Venezuela. Occasional Papers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 107: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1922">Gaige, 1922</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA0683EFC92FAACF97A" box="[1288,1301,1678,1701]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">*</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86BB6502FF94FFA06E21FCD2FA8BF8D9" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF94FFA06E21FCD2FB8BF93A" blockId="56.[791,1395,1741,1958]" box="[791,1074,1741,1766]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<materialsCitation id="7EC93CD4FF94FFA06E21FCD2FB8BF93A" box="[791,1074,1741,1766]" collectionCode="UMMZ" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" specimenCode="UMMZ 55559" specimenCount="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06E21FCD2FC3EF939" bold="true" box="[791,903,1742,1766]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<typeStatus id="111A882BFF94FFA06E21FCD2FC3AF939" box="[791,899,1742,1766]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
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:
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</emphasis>
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<specimenCode id="9E079EF2FF94FFA06EB8FCD2FB94F93A" box="[910,1069,1741,1765]" collectionCode="UMMZ" country="USA" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/ra64-3eva" name="University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="University or college">UMMZ 55559</specimenCode>
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.
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</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF94FFA06E21FCF2FA8BF8D9" blockId="56.[791,1395,1741,1958]" box="[791,1330,1773,1798]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06E21FCF2FC08F8DA" bold="true" box="[791,945,1773,1798]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Type locality:</emphasis>
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San Esteban,
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<collectingRegion id="0C65F86BFF94FFA0697EFCF2FB0BF8D9" box="[1096,1202,1774,1798]" country="Venezuela" name="Carabobo" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Carabobo</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingCountry id="B6B67619FF94FFA0698AFCF2FA94F8D9" box="[1212,1325,1774,1798]" name="Venezuela" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Venezuela</collectingCountry>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86BB6502FF94FFA06E21FD11FAC9F8F9" box="[791,1392,1805,1830]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF94FFA06E21FD11FAC9F8F9" blockId="56.[791,1395,1741,1958]" box="[791,1392,1805,1830]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06E21FD11FC12F8FA" bold="true" box="[791,939,1805,1829]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Distribution:</emphasis>
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Region 2. Known only from
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<typeStatus id="111A882BFF94FFA069D0FD12FAADF8F9" box="[1254,1300,1806,1830]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">type</typeStatus>
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locality.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86BB6502FF94FFA26E21FD32FF65FF39" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF94FFA16E21FD32FB4AF8AB" blockId="56.[791,1395,1741,1958]" lastBlockId="57.[791,1395,1660,1940]" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="56" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06E21FD32FC3EF899" bold="true" box="[791,903,1838,1862]" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Remarks:</emphasis>
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Not collected since original description. Either extremely rare, or extinct, or
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF94FFA06963FD52FA96F8B9" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[1109,1327,1870,1894]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="56" pageNumber="55" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF94FFA06963FD52FA96F8B9" box="[1109,1327,1870,1894]" italics="true" pageId="56" pageNumber="55">Gastrotheca walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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could be a junior synonym. A review of this species is needed to clarify its taxonomy and conservation status. Duellman (2015) distinguished
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16C48FC61FD9BF94B" authorityName="Gaige" authorityYear="1922" box="[382,546,1660,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsoni">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16C48FC61FD9BF94B" box="[382,546,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">G. williamsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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from
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16F44FC61FD50F94B" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[626,745,1660,1684]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16F44FC61FD50F94B" box="[626,745,1660,1684]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">G. walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on four morphological characters (absence of supraciliary processes ― vs present in
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16F1FFCA0FDC0F90B" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[553,633,1724,1748]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16F1FFCA0FDC0F90B" box="[553,633,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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―, fingers ½ webbed ― vs ¼ webbed in
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16CCEFCC0FDF1F92B" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[504,584,1756,1780]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16CCEFCC0FDF1F92B" box="[504,584,1756,1780]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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―, first finger longer than second ― shorter in
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16CDDFCE0FD82F8CB" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[491,571,1788,1812]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16CDDFCE0FD82F8CB" box="[491,571,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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―, and granular tympanic annulus ― smooth in
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16CD6FD00FD89F8EB" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[480,560,1820,1844]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16CD6FD00FD89F8EB" box="[480,560,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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. The only known locality of
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16C38FD21FE09F88B" authorityName="Gaige" authorityYear="1922" box="[270,432,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="williamsoni">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16C38FD21FE09F88B" box="[270,432,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">G. williamsoni</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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lies within the distribution of
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16D9BFD41FE99F8AB" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[173,288,1884,1908]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16D9BFD41FE99F8AB" box="[173,288,1884,1908]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">G. walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and no additional specimen obtained for almost a century. As both species share a unique character among marsupial frogs (paired retroperitoneal brood pouches), have overlapping geographic distributions, and only differ in morphological traits prone to preservation artifacts, makes us doubt the validity of
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16E21FCE1FC37F8CB" authorityName="Duellman" authorityYear="1980" box="[791,910,1788,1812]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="walkeri">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E21FCE1FC37F8CB" box="[791,910,1788,1812]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">G. walkeri</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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; assessing their taxonomic status requires further investigation. Included in subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA169D9FD00FACAF8EB" box="[1263,1395,1820,1844]" class="Demospongiae" family="Tethyidae" genus="Cryptotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Tethyida" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA169D9FD00FACAF8EB" box="[1263,1395,1820,1844]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">Cryptotheca</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by
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<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF95FFA16E0CFD20FC4AF88B" author="Duellman WE" box="[826,1011,1852,1876]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" refId="ref90341" refString="Duellman WE. 2015. Marsupial Frogs Gastrotheca and Allied Genera. John Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 407 p." type="book" year="2015">Duellman (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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or in
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<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16901FD20FAA4F88B" baseAuthorityName="Boulenger" baseAuthorityYear="1882" box="[1079,1309,1852,1876]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="longipes">
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16901FD20FAA4F88B" box="[1079,1309,1852,1876]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">Gastrotheca longipes</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species group
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<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E6AFD41FC2EF8AB" box="[860,919,1885,1908]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">sensu</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF95FFA16EABFD40FB49F8AB" author="Castroviejo-Fisher S & Padial JM & De la Riva I & Pombal JP & Da Silva HR & Rojas-Runjaic FJM & Medina-Mendez E & Frost DR" box="[925,1264,1884,1908]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 75" refId="ref88439" refString="Castroviejo-Fisher S, Padial JM, De la Riva I, Pombal JP, Da Silva HR, Rojas-Runjaic FJM, Medina-Mendez E, Frost DR. 2015. Phylogenetic systematics of egg-brooding frogs (Anura: Hemiphractidae) and the evolution of direct development. Zootaxa 4004: 1 - 75." type="journal article" year="2015">Castroviejo-Fisher et al. (2015)</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16DBBF853FEE7FD5E" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[141,177,591,612]" targetType="figure">
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|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16DBBF853FEE7FD5E" blockId="57.[141,746,591,641]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
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|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16DBBF853FF7FFDBB" bold="true" box="[141,198,591,612]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">107A.</emphasis>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16DF9F853FE26FDBA" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[207,415,591,613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Flectonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16DF9F853FE26FDBA" box="[207,415,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">Flectonotus pygmaeus</emphasis>
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|
</taxonomicName>
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|
. Male. La Azulita, Mérida. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
|
|
</paragraph>
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|
</caption>
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|
<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16E21F853FB36FD5E" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404682" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404682" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404682/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[791,827,591,612]" targetBox="[141,1395,141,582]" targetPageId="57" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16E21F853FB36FD5E" blockId="57.[791,1396,591,642]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E21F853FCF7FDBB" bold="true" box="[791,846,591,612]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">107B.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E56F853FBF8FDBA" box="[864,1089,591,613]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16E56F853FB84FDBA" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[864,1085,591,613]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Flectonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Flectonotus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Male. Casa María, Bejuma, Carabobo. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16DBBFE5FFD0CFBA9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404686" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404686" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404686/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[141,178,1091,1113]" targetBox="[141,1395,656,1083]" targetPageId="57" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16DBBFE5FFD0CFBA9" blockId="57.[141,746,1091,1142]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16DBBFE5FFF7FFB86" bold="true" box="[141,198,1091,1113]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">107C.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16DE4FE5FFE17FB86" box="[210,430,1091,1113]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16DE4FE5FFE10FB86" baseAuthorityName="Boettger" baseAuthorityYear="1893" box="[210,425,1091,1113]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Flectonotus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="pygmaeus">Flectonotus pygmaeus</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Female. Rancho Grande, Henri Pittier National Park, Aragua. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16E21FE5FFB3BFBAA" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[791,827,1091,1112]" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16E21FE5FFB3BFBAA" blockId="57.[791,1396,1091,1142]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E21FE5FFC86FB87" bold="true" box="[791,831,1091,1112]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">108.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E7CFE5FFBADFB87" box="[842,1044,1091,1112]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16E7CFE5FFBA9FB87" authorityName="Dunn" authorityYear="1944" box="[842,1040,1091,1112]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="helenae">Gastrotheca helenae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Páramo Tamá, Norte de Santander, Colombia. Photo: Aldemar A. Acevedo.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16DBBFC3CFE18F98D" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11404688" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11404688" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/11404688/files/figure.png" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[141,177,1568,1589]" targetBox="[141,1395,1157,1560]" targetPageId="57" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16DBBFC3CFE18F98D" blockId="57.[141,747,1568,1618]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16DBBFC3CFF0FF9EA" bold="true" box="[141,182,1568,1589]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">109.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16D8AFC3CFE39F9EA" box="[188,384,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16D8AFC3CFEC5F9EA" authorityName="Gaige" authorityYear="1933" box="[188,380,1568,1589]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="nicefori">Gastrotheca nicefori</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Altos de San Luis, La Azulita, Mérida. Photo: César Barrio-Amorós.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<caption id="9ADE6601FF95FFA16E21FC3CFC60F98D" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" startId="57.[791,826,1568,1589]" targetType="figure">
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA16E21FC3CFC60F98D" blockId="57.[791,1395,1568,1618]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E21FC3CFCF6F9EA" bold="true" box="[791,847,1568,1589]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">110A.</emphasis>
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E6BFC3CFB9DF9EA" box="[861,1060,1568,1589]" italics="true" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="09A14D0AFF95FFA16E6BFC3CFB99F9EA" baseAuthorityName="Lichtenstein and Weinland" baseAuthorityYear="1854" box="[861,1056,1568,1589]" class="Amphibia" family="Hemiphractidae" genus="Gastrotheca" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ovifera">Gastrotheca ovifera</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</emphasis>
|
|
Altos de Pipe, Miranda. Photo: Aldemar A. Acevedo.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="CE1E3689FF95FFA26E21FD60FF65FF39" blockId="57.[791,1395,1660,1940]" lastBlockId="58.[141,745,141,230]" lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">
|
|
<emphasis id="FCD5EA9BFF95FFA16E21FD60FC43F84B" bold="true" box="[791,1018,1916,1940]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56">Selected references:</emphasis>
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF95FFA16935FD60FB2FF84B" author="Gaige HT" box="[1027,1174,1916,1940]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" pagination="1 - 3" refId="ref92414" refString="Gaige HT. 1922. A new Gastrotheca from Venezuela. Occasional Papers, Museum of Zoology, University of Michigan 107: 1 - 3." type="journal article" year="1922">Gaige (1922)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF95FFA16995FD61FA9EF84B" author="Lutz A." box="[1187,1319,1916,1940]" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" pagination="35 - 65" refId="ref99402" refString="Lutz A. 1927. Notas sobre batrachios da Venezuela e da Ilha de trinidad. Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz 20: 35 - 65." type="journal article" year="1927">Lutz (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF95FFA26802FD60FF6EFF7A" author="Gines H." lastPageId="58" lastPageNumber="57" pageId="57" pageNumber="56" pagination="85 - 146" refId="ref92933" refString="Gines H. 1959. Familias y generos de anfibios Amphibia de Venezuela. Memoria de la Sociedad de Ciencias Naturales La Salle 19: 85 - 146." type="journal article" year="1959">Ginés (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF96FFA26DD1FA92FEC9FF7A" author="Rohl E." box="[231,368,141,166]" pageId="58" pageNumber="57" refId="ref106444" refString="Rohl E. 1959. Fauna Descriptiva de Venezuela (Vertebrados). 4 ta edicion, corregida y aumentada. Nuevas Graficas, Madrid, Espana. 516 p." type="book" year="1959">Rohl (1959)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
;
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF96FFA26CB6FA92FDADFF79" author="Rivero JA" box="[384,532,142,166]" pageId="58" pageNumber="57" pagination="1 - 267" refId="ref104771" refString="Rivero JA. 1961. Salientia of Venezuela. Bulletin of the Museum of Comparative Zoology 126: 1 - 267." type="journal article" year="1961">Rivero (1961</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF96FFA26F12FA92FDD0FF79" author="Rivero JA" box="[548,617,142,166]" pageId="58" pageNumber="57" pagination="307 - 317" refId="ref104904" refString="Rivero JA. 1964 a. The distribution of Venezuelan frogs IV. The Coastal Range. Caribbean Journal of Science 4: 307 - 317." type="journal article" year="1964">1964a</bibRefCitation>
|
|
); Duellman (1980, 2015);
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AA304B78FF96FFA26C06FAB2FD8FFF19" author="Duellman WE & Maxson LR & Jesiolowsky CA" box="[304,566,174,198]" pageId="58" pageNumber="57" pagination="527 - 543" refId="ref90835" refString="Duellman WE, Maxson LR, Jesiolowsky CA. 1988. Evolution of Marsupial frogs (Hylidae: Hemiphractinae): Immunological evidence. Copeia 1988 (3): 527 - 543." type="journal article" year="1988">Duellman et al. (1988)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
; Barrio-Amorós (2013).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |