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<document ID-CLB-Dataset="2744" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043" ID-GBIF-Dataset="898ac507-069d-416c-8716-fe10ffe3a03d" ID-Pensoft-Pub="2367-5365-45-9" ID-Pensoft-UUID="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" ID-ZooBank="894ABE3BF6654F7193284855FB8FC90F" ModsDocID="2367-5365-45-9" checkinTime="1641571817006" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Alipanah, Helen, Nieukerken, Erik J. van, Farahani, Samira &amp; Buszko, Jaroslaw" docDate="2022" docId="4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD" docLanguage="en" docName="NotaLepidopt 45: 9-32" docOrigin="Nota Lepidopterologica 45" docPubDate="2022-01-06" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043" docTitle="Tischeria caucasica Klasinski &amp; Stonis 2020" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" id="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="A6E4AB7044225DDBB2E210C26BBDDA93" masterDocTitle="Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?" masterLastPageNumber="32" masterPageNumber="9" pageNumber="9" updateTime="1732751861420" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="021C3F82200F719F92052D4CC0971322" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="E8821D1A5EA49BDC132471E0533A599A">
<mods:title id="F267A16E36DD5758926EA4D993193056">Tischeriidae (Lepidoptera) leafminers new to Iran, including Tischeria caucasica on Quercus: a sibling species of T. ekebladella or a case of clinal variation?</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="CF16E974FED80050C44CD62F13FF333A" type="personal">
<mods:role id="7CB86973B1DC1FFBE5C451A272F08961">
<mods:roleTerm id="055ED554D34770860393C39719AC8105">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D4CDC716E715CB3F3905DC5E3FCF5098">Alipanah, Helen</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="A51C4AC2B6A1023855E783D406337A02">Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP), Agricultural Research, Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; alipanah @ iripp. ir; halipanah @ gmail. com</mods:affiliation>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="D4B656642648B808331D4285BB7D3237" type="email">halipanah@gmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:name id="145FBBD0770141809DAF40BA92EB7CAC" type="personal">
<mods:role id="C02F51466D1E7E6728681F1F58D25F5C">
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</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="D6011099C2F88267F87F0A8A089D8B16">Nieukerken, Erik J. van</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="B1342306E3B8E12DD26CEFCDB8944D1D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5721-1840</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="386431ED6D641CB72F42B63745658682">Naturalis Biodiversity Center, PO Box 9557, NL- 2300 RA Leiden, The Netherlands; nieukerken @ naturalis. nl</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="CD2BCCD9EBF048579012F36F027EC27A" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="385CB3E3FC5D72CA02D4C36147A671A1">Farahani, Samira</mods:namePart>
<mods:affiliation id="96C1EE189D39D1E3B5611AACC3E180F1">Research Institute of Forests and Rangelands, Agricultural Research Education and Extension Organization (AREEO), Tehran, Iran; s. farahani @ rifr-ac. ir</mods:affiliation>
</mods:name>
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<mods:namePart id="40B677190A28A54432832D191D3A57B3">Buszko, Jaroslaw</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="9B4EEEF7AC207DBCEC1EB63D0F4D843D" type="ORCID">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8816-0591</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="F4B8EAA61A72AF37574B7D8D916B0473">Department of Ecology and Biogeography, Nicolaus Copernicus University of Torun, Lwowska 1, 87 - 100, Torun, Poland; buszko @ umk. pl</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="9F116E732284BB304CEF5C64CAC9BF94">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="C541409D9A7507DABE50AADA30DFAA64">Nota Lepidopterologica</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EAFD96EE896A925904BE040123F0C2F1">
<mods:date id="73F29659BC3613223681F5EDC35E81AE">2022</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="0E75491660371B7924FE7BBA5B6A87E3">2022-01-06</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="6870360DA6756CA1FD75940AC78E344F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="C4683DD633D7A1152DC1C33D1F07BD37">45</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="73FE1A5F0AEF684FC344E729F696FB64">9</mods:start>
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<mods:url id="679C8ED4D95BFBE5B9901EF90844FDF0">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nl.45.76043</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="BF2A30668A70B1199728730C69148836">journal article</mods:classification>
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<treatment id="4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD" ID-GBIF-Taxon="191930625" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" scope_family="Tischeriidae" scope_order="Lepidoptera">
<subSubSection id="BE84A255128D5709C95FD3924550A5A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="912C4DDB715EC45458DB1F3666832339" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="7F07AB73B7FD0CF9CB2066C7CBBDA0AB" LSID="4380EEBB-AA60-51E4-8EF2-A61D340F26BD" authority="Klasinski &amp; Stonis, 2020" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Tischeriidae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
Tischeria caucasica
<normalizedToken id="4FF3AABF0DCA6941575384C5CCA491C5" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
&amp; Stonis, 2020
</taxonomicName>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="CB8B9A53BFCCB07E0BDBCF1898CA3E5F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="diagnostic remarks">
<paragraph id="966F3478EE202881552F9B7A280E8071" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Diagnostic remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="821B5377C25E3C509D84A4FABDA5B5D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="09F8C20BAE31182E4D8311822C3C9B29" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="2F8D447FF814A38ED85237EF95D6FD26" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is very similar to
<taxonomicName id="EA9A6F9FABE0FC53569EE53AB61D5110" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="03E466F86C017B02661652851359863B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="DE82A184D39C869F3DAAC1F37D4B4797" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A. T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B. T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C. T. ekebladella, male, France; D. T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E-G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F) and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630955" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1A-C</figureCitation>
). However, as stated by
<bibRefCitation id="E5E885F0714CA1510DFEFE82AC1391D1" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="DCA07B869193881C824A74CCA9249F96" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, males can easily be distinguished from
<taxonomicName id="D5BCC6CDE9DB11A8F6EB1B29D16DB2BF" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="63422A15FA91C011F1C85E2071B2076E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="694FD72AB226B7932CB2E2CCA49DA0DE" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="22D564BD1B886394A9BFF00686B93585" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Puplesis &amp; Diskus, 2003 by the unique, very long and distally bifurcate appendages of the juxta (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7BF7D3644955D1210A04167DE61ECF5B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2A-H</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="2F304104DD5CD1B42B84417E7DD4C241" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630955" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
<paragraph id="1539C1990EE044ED4DBB843FAD2DBBF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="3F0FE2A7A0723E96484C990610A9504E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 1.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="BD325237755566AD646080829172D7B3" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="78D4F9E47692FD0FCA5C09C4A1F8F41D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp. adults, dorsal view.
<emphasis id="511B74D8820C67F8C327E45555E000B8" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="A01CCDAEF9F81FD8E038CD1B4FAC67A0" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="2EC284904AFCB602CA1E060B30583F43" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr);
<emphasis id="392BD9D7B170B45B0FB915329EE81D24" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="5D19432EBFCC32A5EC4F3CCD13A91101" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="86315512E3A095363CDD541D8ADF13F1" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr);
<emphasis id="4C28E2C563C19A07D5BB9D264CAE1F55" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="9E78C577739A2BAA9C18108AF20C02C9" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="3A67E15B334521D5153E3A8023ABB729" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, France;
<emphasis id="F5DB247D55DDF6A21100B3716453D957" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="01BAAF889DBD161970F7AD0C1DB9EB95" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="3412585822CCA36A332CEBD244F8407F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia);
<emphasis id="1F012DD8E4E52E4C7B9BA6053CF25B7D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E-G.</emphasis>
Right wings of
<taxonomicName id="4691AFBC418424FA048BE4FFD04C5A6B" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="0FB21ADB384EF54CE45E09EC1365E921" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male (
<emphasis id="D25937B7B10C88898647C4065B66CA1C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
),
<taxonomicName id="0CFF86FBA751FD45617395C31B3F6B45" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="2412238FA650BD6E6949E4912A18327D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (
<emphasis id="D955A61AA60140B5331BD8C3BCC8D61F" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">F</emphasis>
)and
<taxonomicName id="134F4F2671A8D03295CC49178E67BB75" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="49ECA4FA27A431F9036CCAA9334DBD1E" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, male, Belgium (Namur) (
<emphasis id="E4605D98E4AFE0B98282F423D482D1DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="D2D24E0327DE53AA7B402C3BCA58CC6F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
In the dissected males of
<taxonomicName id="427579DF0DE05D61D3B78FE8CD568EAD" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="445F8E7EC96D232333E8830AD10FCDD2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
from Iran, there is some variation in the shape and length of the horn-like appendages of the juxta. Based on the results of this study, the apex of the longer pair of juxtal appendages is not always bifurcated. In some of the examined males, both appendages have bifurcated tips (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D8C4DFB5059FE7453B41E971D573DC4D" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2A, F</figureCitation>
); while in some others the shorter one has simple and longer one has bifurcated tip (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C9C89FF322AECE984CFF89D1144536CF" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2B, D, E</figureCitation>
). This has also been illustrated by
<bibRefCitation id="B51FA3895AEB2327AC45E45F8C07226C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="AC2AE5AAB9A4E140379648D1E660CF34" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2020
</bibRefCitation>
: 15, figs 15, 21-23), although without any explanation of the variation. Moreover, as we revealed in this study, the longest appendage of the juxta if bifurcated apically, the two branches are either assymetrical or symmetrical (Fig.
<figureCitation id="4F2BA846851D0366F8059E3C6488E5B2" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2A, B, D</figureCitation>
, -F).
</paragraph>
<caption id="931B2138911744AC94E9714BEEECFD8C" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 2" startId="F2">
<paragraph id="A2149202656FCD751942FC7593342130" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="00CD62A7D8BCD20F90DD4356963300F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 2.</emphasis>
Male genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="54E644C76668F2A56A172E9F5F210E06" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="E6853D1DD511AE9C1539A3AA40CE17EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
spp.
<emphasis id="A89BC93D467B4657837C40CD6676E6E2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A-F.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="84DC0319F6ED24DEE180F34376D8CA10" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="A43AB50CA57D16C5A4D13A97478CBA4B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (
<emphasis id="89DEA65C295D40464810E9D0DCC7C7DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
) (genitalia slide HA-2627, HMIM), phallus removed (
<emphasis id="B88DFA65C52B1FB0735CFD42055F83D7" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B, D</emphasis>
) (genitalia slides HA-2378, HA-2628, HMIM) (in figure
<emphasis id="664F8E139E500DBDD0E7D49A14A156B2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (
<emphasis id="0FA3634C3F5247E517CBF853168CA5FB" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
) (genitalia slide HA-2378, HMIM), juxta (
<emphasis id="27F78F0EF703E10C1447C1A7FA2C594D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E, F</emphasis>
) (genitalia slides HA-2626, HA-2625, HMIM);
<emphasis id="BA702A0F931CE9A7892F06C87CBEF3C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G, H.</emphasis>
<taxonomicName id="1D459DB42A99CFDD5325B8ECAC15CAD2" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="CB0CCB9F6CF3F13A2D66C808C2F04BFD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Netherlands): phallus in situ (
<emphasis id="92407C52BBD490CC37EB671C5EAF6AAA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G</emphasis>
), phallus and juxta (
<emphasis id="DFADFEB818212F7FF4F1E6A370541590" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H</emphasis>
) (genitalia slide JCK752).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="072E947A44DBD5DF81D2D41C056833AC" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
According to
<bibRefCitation id="368436ABB3BF93C0CF479334BDC7EF39" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="A101AB3739A9531F51F238C9261B6DD8" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, the two very long horn-like processes of juxta are bent basally; however, as we discovered in this study, the shorter one is always bent at its distal two-thirds, but the longer process is usually curved internally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0FD848111ECF93F837B8959D9AF9E52B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2A-F</figureCitation>
). Additionally, the anterior tip of the triangular ventral plate of vinculum varies from narrow (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6C52681B428EC52B5B614DE7B3A81F0B" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2A</figureCitation>
) to relatively wide (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FCEF623914D58E22B09F428C63F2CCF3" captionStart="Figure 2" captionStartId="F2" captionText="Figure 2. Male genitalia of Tischeria spp. A-F. T. caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr): phallus in situ (A) (genitalia slide HA- 2627, HMIM), phallus removed (B, D) (genitalia slides HA- 2378, HA- 2628, HMIM) (in figure D one of the shortest appendages of juxta has been bent backward during slide preparation and makes it look much shorter than the other one), phallus (C) (genitalia slide HA- 2378, HMIM), juxta (E, F) (genitalia slides HA- 2626, HA- 2625, HMIM); G, H. T. ekebladella (Netherlands): phallus in situ (G), phallus and juxta (H) (genitalia slide JCK 752)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure2" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630956" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">2B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C73CF6ED27180EDDB6B332CD9AF6E1F8" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
In the genitalia of examined females, as described by
<bibRefCitation id="C6DFC6343FFFA3D878812D01D72CED92" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="CDB01B0E3F399D7CF1B794200B881093" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
, the antrum has a weakly sclerotized anterior margin with a unique membranous part, and the shortest prela has a wide base (Fig.
<figureCitation id="701D352FFD97DD2A7410EC7F3C6C8CD1" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B. Main body in ventral view (genitalia slides HA- 2376, HA- 2379, HMIM); C. Detail of terminalia (genitalia slide HA- 2376, HMIM); D. Detail of antrum area (genitalia slide HA- 2377, HMIM)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630957" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">3A-D</figureCitation>
); however, the corpus bursae is not always heavily folded longitudinally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6ABEC32C7E96DF7C0AE6D340EFBC967A" captionStart="Figure 3" captionStartId="F3" captionText="Figure 3. Female genitalia of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B. Main body in ventral view (genitalia slides HA- 2376, HA- 2379, HMIM); C. Detail of terminalia (genitalia slide HA- 2376, HMIM); D. Detail of antrum area (genitalia slide HA- 2377, HMIM)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630957" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">3A</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="A1AD235E8CF348CC9B2FDE6A25BC7C5F" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure3" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630957" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 3" startId="F3">
<paragraph id="A009E46FA66530FB567559D68E39B55C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="82D2FAF71083D3A09C0D51C88F14203C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 3.</emphasis>
Female genitalia of
<taxonomicName id="F3756DE9F13174354E6956634BA72C9A" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="77B597A54CF18462BF8C5FC36AE8EAD9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr).
<emphasis id="DCD854F8BF68F4FE283D0130785A652E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, B.</emphasis>
Main body in ventral view (genitalia slides HA-2376, HA-2379, HMIM);
<emphasis id="1E695ED63BAB834F0650695DE0F7A930" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C.</emphasis>
Detail of terminalia (genitalia slide HA-2376, HMIM);
<emphasis id="CC64AA3EC41FC90353C7754B9F5DCF3E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D.</emphasis>
Detail of antrum area (genitalia slide HA-2377, HMIM).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="29E1F4EB9EBA8E7516B1465E1DE9B9D4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
No external difference between
<taxonomicName id="A4115E18A5A17E243E574D4B62170474" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="35C119E043E2975C3AB7C8B9F70CA275" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and its closely related species was reported by
<bibRefCitation id="EE439BDF956CF09E6716E121126F13D9" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="C4C62BAF1C1E2AB492B307BE90ADAACF" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. (2020)
</bibRefCitation>
. Based on the results of this study,
<taxonomicName id="ADB8B2A8C7CAB094A255E044E8C894A0" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="66CA6597B67B5F19ACA24612EAC89A27" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is close to both
<taxonomicName id="37181C6CA8425FF18064EC3899F8AF7E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="9E0CB2E55E31019027D639B775360405" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="EA8A481B695EA464D5C688C192F5C6CB" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="094FB0E0FB4C4958DEA352210595065A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in wing pattern and size. However, there are a few differences between
<taxonomicName id="2E07D043E74CB4B6320E78FFEFB89309" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasia" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasia">
<emphasis id="DFFC5A55E5D7EB221C4DA7D9AAB52D92" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="A41C97D35F7EB886545C2BD12A232DB6" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="FE53959EFF6255EF1A3875D1D3A59CCA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="CF550948C7F63D885E7256207A458D67" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A. T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B. T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C. T. ekebladella, male, France; D. T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E-G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F) and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630955" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1A-C, E-G</figureCitation>
): 1)
<taxonomicName id="E6934BCACF35A7904229F6E0B25C1963" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="A920D0FB6AE86EFA11240ED43DD93125" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a partly less pointed hindwing compared with
<taxonomicName id="02A740EE3B9C9BC32F1A440AD309DBDC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="AD541D119D3D1675E4F48A6AC11A2948" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) Fringes of the hindwing in
<taxonomicName id="B5767C6ABBC22FDFC71404851A896C70" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="EC13456F49201546B44426B9729FD589" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are slightly paler than in
<taxonomicName id="3F6A5DE4AEBF420BDFA23ADE4A4F9D80" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="FFFB0D58E968E35B383E59ABBC6EBB99" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) Ventro-apical fringes of forewing in
<taxonomicName id="F72D036D866B7492FD4451900239CC22" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="D4139CD9AF51B4F398857DF5ABB98B3F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are slightly darker than in
<taxonomicName id="F30FA7A367D71DDAE97CF94CAEA69D33" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="71FC04ACB5BF664EB2047316DDB8D32F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and 4) On the underside of the forewing, the costal area at the apex is slightly paler in
<taxonomicName id="AF76B8D290C9194E15D450358B93AB6B" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="2D165B19596E28648AB36657E18086DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
compared with that of
<taxonomicName id="324129170234F9594BEAD2273CB4A66C" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="AAA9F1D636376E91726644D48EDFD544" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="471524EE49409D4A50935674D234D0C9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<taxonomicName id="F3F898EE376A8C054B3E9DB50CBAB364" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="2B387782EFB21A4E2A7B91F67A9062D6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
differs from
<taxonomicName id="04EAC86100A30C1396F4465E957B0092" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="9175F23674001663EF6D3BB054955B59" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in the following external features (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3DC8B1900A771A9F0ED55FE2883A22C6" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A. T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B. T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C. T. ekebladella, male, France; D. T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E-G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F) and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630955" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1A, B, D</figureCitation>
): 1)
<taxonomicName id="AD596E7BB79E67FB94C82DDBAF6EAC0E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="7529532F66BD0C16DF4215F5A22B1650" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has a wider and less pointed hindwing compared with
<taxonomicName id="80E6E0003708F886E29CB0C9397C1869" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="5434B2A56E36D185A3A1E1DFD4B008D8" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 2) The ground colour of the body and forewing in
<taxonomicName id="9FF078A10FF24555F8BAE5464EBEF307" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="16BB9ABC08C1E16F4E1B173728B8E557" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are darker than in
<taxonomicName id="A50C4814F7A4BDABC504352BE9D72FEC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="2B4C0279B30144B02893A7547311C73D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 3) In
<taxonomicName id="06424BBFD48CAA40241E30D5E7464AF0" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="2BF605507744CD21BF115D4C9608FE90" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the frontal tuft and collar area have scattered brown scales and 4) The forewing of
<taxonomicName id="CF02D359232FC7AE0FF55BEC7FFCD74E" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="2CFA1D86D53DDBCC2F0D1C73EABDC73F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
is slightly narrower than that of
<taxonomicName id="9701DE8C602801E7DB46831F18FA4037" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="A87237950EBB281BE3B687DF5F7F1173" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="86F91E8B5968080D3F3D92E8CB29DADE" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Based on the results of this study, the female of Iranian
<taxonomicName id="1549CF7D1618950D803E3EF6E3D635C7" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="362FF398F722D0A4FA2E1AECE7E93A65" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
population has a slightly longer forewing than the male (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B599EEF736D0B4D8D7B0275DECB166AE" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tischeria spp. adults, dorsal view. A. T. caucasica, male, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); B. T. caucasica, female, Tehran (Peykan Shahr); C. T. ekebladella, male, France; D. T. ekebladoides, male, paratype, Spain (Andalusia); E-G. Right wings of T. caucasica, male (E), T. ekebladella, male, Netherlands (Limburg) (F) and T. ekebladella, male, Belgium (Namur) (G)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630955" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">1A, B</figureCitation>
), with no significant difference between the two generations. Forewing length in the first generation was 3.5-4.6 mm (x = 4.11 mm
<normalizedToken id="C01D520D5853C0B6B61263CAE86166C2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.26, n = 44) in the male and 3.6-4.9 mm (x = 4.37 mm
<normalizedToken id="16C18D59AFEC824AA02EC62A3AE241AB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.26, n = 49) in the female. In the second generation it was 4.0-4.4 mm (x = 4.12 mm
<normalizedToken id="73C39AEA0E6A4DAB1943ECFFABF815F1" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.16, n = 8) in the male, and 4.0-4.7 mm (x = 4.31 mm
<normalizedToken id="63BFC7958E2F71933754DAAF23132D62" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.25, n = 7) in the female.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="DE00B17256BA12D41493900313D94411" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Leafmines of
<taxonomicName id="3737D19529892BE4B976A895D46634D9" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="70C459D3EE917EB23FAB50166D38D1CE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
cannot be separated from those of
<taxonomicName id="E6B13A212312CC6A5932FDCE7E881670" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="BBD9740D2251FE7FEE6539A9614AC05F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Moreover, the larvae of these two species are indistinguishable externally.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="17A471E620807F05BF9AC0A59C624E97" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="dna barcoding">
<paragraph id="9115F047BC68D13D6F7507D4525FC2F0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">DNA Barcoding.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1FD8353CDA105C8D7DC89921DCD1E7FD" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
A Neighbor Joining tree is provided for barcodes of
<taxonomicName id="3A05F6A48AF25CD6B2C4658CEA1D1E54" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="FA8E12440BD7923071BD26822D59297F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="00F9737E164752A00810D2B82773DF82" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="755D6ED3307A75BFD9264639B28B070A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, together with barcodes of the other European species
<taxonomicName id="6302C0BF49669C1B8D6CA59A3FC87028" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. dodonaea" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dodonaea">
<emphasis id="A17F985B5DEA99BE852030C4BC7BD4AC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. dodonaea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Stainton, 1858 and
<taxonomicName id="DC94EFE581FA7A02388A0101BF0E6D7F" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. decidua" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="decidua">
<emphasis id="FEC4E06D0960D6A9C1B88B15C78FA3BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. decidua</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Wocke, 1876 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="000361D02879299AF9CF9E13E116D0AC" captionStart="Figure 11" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figure 11. Neighbor Joining tree of DNA barcodes of European Tischeria, from dataset DS-TISCIRAN. BINs are given next to each cluster. Specimens identified as T. caucasica are given in red." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure11" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630965" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">11</figureCitation>
). Each species has its own BIN, and is recognizable by its DNA barcode, except the pair
<taxonomicName id="9DDDE79DD8FA967465F2404357B079DE" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="DA7CD6C4BDE996FF8DF1685678DDB601" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="CA3BEF6A212CF11F60A4069B2DC84B9C" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="A14FD3ABA9CECD9E550263E2C48A5C79" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Unfortunately no barcodes are available for
<taxonomicName id="692476A6215F04523EA7950105284409" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladoides" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladoides">
<emphasis id="31CD4A837475CF4419046E0FCE438C1B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladoides</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="AA515AEFE7542C1BF730A9AA7D2BDD8F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
DNA barcodes of two Iranian specimens appeared to be identical to that of a Dutch specimen of
<taxonomicName id="61E53434787D01570C01C02EA136E89A" baseAuthorityName="Bjerkander" baseAuthorityYear="1795" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="F126C936C00E803706D47593DC87E664" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and fall within one BINBOLD:AAF8247, that includes also all other available
<taxonomicName id="5F1469E79FA3411CECCEEA89EDB4091F" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="86F6B59344FCB9120ECB2C4B2DBB57A5" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
barcodes. The barcode of a Georgian larva from leafmines examined by EvN (RMNH.INS.31425) groups with the Georgian adult of
<taxonomicName id="045EA2BA500AFC0DB3B9AB4A4125C177" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="1C17572390EF7D7A1A3B0585A70C25CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(GBRD286), together as sister to all remaining
<taxonomicName id="4A844BA3446DD81051FF9ECFFB3A79CC" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="2A86B9A1BA6DED84E72A4D7C9995202C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and somewhat different from the Iranian
<taxonomicName id="11200A4BBE3155F24ADDBD63BDEE04F1" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="8D64D57F8F76D2FDA74170D09C99C0D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. Within BINBOLD:AAF8247 the average distance is 0.38% and the maximum distance is 1.93% (n = 54). The nearest neighbor is BOLD:ACU6278, representing the East Palearctic
<taxonomicName id="DF8C1CB5C9665EDB5915D2FEB71C52F2" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria siorkionla" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="siorkionla">
<emphasis id="F69C65427C39FA94E6168605E5DDA6B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria siorkionla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Kozlov, 1986, with a distance of 8.01%.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="819313EC56D20E135C75C008D707A136" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="description">
<paragraph id="62C931DD05C172C0A1790009BF1AD4A9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Description of immatures.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4FD008D6444B22E9C41AC99250A2A03D" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Last instar larva (Fig.
<figureCitation id="8CC36A78A3692F58F60CA65698061124" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A-I</figureCitation>
) pale yellowish green, with pale light-brown head, pronotal and anal plates slightly darker than body. Head flattened with almost 5-6 stemmata arranged linearly, two posterior ones with a relatively larger distance to the remaining ones (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E2D0845790066F8C30A949AE3FF2CC40" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4C</figureCitation>
). Hairs and bristles distributed as in
<taxonomicName id="15C678F5A4F702CB9195025030E001C8" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="286F3B5C7490F7D2F277C31DCC58104F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(for comparisons with that species refer to
<bibRefCitation id="1690B805CBBB2AF590A30BC93BF2E70B" author="Grandi, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="192 - 245" refId="B14" refString="Grandi, G, 1929. Contributo alla conoscenza della Tischeria gaunacella Dup. ed appunti sulla Tischeria complanella Hbn. (Lepidoptera - Tischeriidae). (3° Contributo alla conoscenza biologica e morfologica dei Lepidotteri). Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna 2: 192 - 245" title="Contributo alla conoscenza della Tischeria gaunacella Dup. ed appunti sulla Tischeria complanella Hbn. (Lepidoptera - Tischeriidae). (3 ° Contributo alla conoscenza biologica e morfologica dei Lepidotteri)." volume="2" year="1929">Grandi 1929</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="DF0A808606FF0FBF0709AED8106517C8" author="Grandi, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="223 - 336" refId="B15" refString="Grandi, G, 1931. Morfologia ed etologia comparata di insetti a regime specializzato. I. La morfologia comparata di alcuni stati larvali di 20 Microlepidotteri minatori. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna 4: 223 - 336" title="Morfologia ed etologia comparata di insetti a regime specializzato. I. La morfologia comparata di alcuni stati larvali di 20 Microlepidotteri minatori." volume="4" year="1931">1931</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="055E1D055E287256F71B106C450B74E8" author="Grandi, G" journalOrPublisher="Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="143 - 305" refId="B16" refString="Grandi, G, 1933. Morfologia ed etologia comparata di insetti a regime specializzato. IV. La morfologia comparata di vari stati larvali di 30 Microlepidotteri minatori appartenenti a 15 generi ed a 11 famiglie. Bollettino del Laboratorio di Entomologia del Reale Istituto Superiore Agrario di Bologna 5: 143 - 305" title="Morfologia ed etologia comparata di insetti a regime specializzato. IV. La morfologia comparata di vari stati larvali di 30 Microlepidotteri minatori appartenenti a 15 generi ed a 11 famiglie." volume="5" year="1933">1933</bibRefCitation>
, which are virtual identical descriptions).
</paragraph>
<caption id="20AAF78ECDB8312E103ED6506F510B88" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 4" startId="F4">
<paragraph id="60CF2875CDE5684F2C02D2D560ABC3E0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="44CC616510C3A91C30173A32DFAFF43C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 4.</emphasis>
Last instar larva of
<taxonomicName id="273D9998F5E01FF2FBDC75221A71346C" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="9FCD42CD0C120E4AABFCD5A21D8DC31B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr).
<emphasis id="2AEF9FE08F524FFC2073C34CEA6A5E59" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, B, D.</emphasis>
Larva in dorsal (
<emphasis id="C19A4522E78823A0F68A42AEC79ACD12" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A, D</emphasis>
) and ventral (
<emphasis id="8237773E4DB8234C0771871BC10B3E6E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
) views;
<emphasis id="0A570F3DF71342D00AC374C5CF8E057A" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C, E.</emphasis>
Anterior part in ventral (
<emphasis id="12912B16028010A70C04B4F8CE141865" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
) and dorsal (
<emphasis id="2407BEF5C2C769CC1130757B015F24C0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure
<emphasis id="B5E369DEED484CE991D29D47E812A2DA" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface);
<emphasis id="5FCE6950BD203657103C2A6328A936B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">F.</emphasis>
Mandible;
<emphasis id="C17E99C0600E6A9C0DA362ECCC422D5E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G.</emphasis>
Labrum;
<emphasis id="DAC38C19AF89D95C21300182364B2DF0" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H.</emphasis>
Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles;
<emphasis id="D2CADA974DB9CEEE31478BA1726A4536" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">I.</emphasis>
Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="987211ABBB5C7F07AD9B8EA1834A4BE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Labrum (Fig.
<figureCitation id="58E3B3C5E0C58F2B2FC19670560D46DB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4G</figureCitation>
) rectangular, and trilobed distally, with the two lateral lobes protruded considerably beyond median one, and a pair of fronto-lateral bristles; lateral and sub-posterior elements and medial ones represented by very small hairs, barely visible at very strong magnification. Mandible (Fig.
<figureCitation id="84D4191FD1732BDE17704F33DF95C9FD" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4F, H</figureCitation>
) sub-triangular, slightly longer than wide, tridentate apically with blunt tips; oral margin of mandible at proximal half with some setiform processes bent backwards and of different lengths (only visible under very large magnification). Maxillae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="00272EF846FCDFBA8E946958B1F39546" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4I</figureCitation>
) as in
<taxonomicName id="64BD60C71F3F7D9D3956A70DEB036FF6" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="22BC63D96D4557E5E0D685EB09929D5B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with large laminar stems provided with two very minute placoid structures, its detailed structure hardly visible under available magnification. Maxillary palpi (Fig.
<figureCitation id="A64B5361BD08ABCA90B9CDC73BB61739" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4I</figureCitation>
) composed of three articles, decreasing in width towards the apex. Labium (Fig.
<figureCitation id="0D43EE47805D1B1F4BE7C0CD4F497A61" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4I</figureCitation>
) nearly as that of
<taxonomicName id="04794DF679D89C98BBE05BABF332E0D6" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="37EEE011276B5168E2AFD5AB5CAC5566" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, but bi-articulated labial palpi were hardly visible under the available maximum magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C2DF0040A4FEB6962EB6723A1E78CDB9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Antennae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="61FC4996EF5DD5371E2243F61A8E38D2" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4H</figureCitation>
) three-segmented, segment 1 sub-cylindrical, slightly less than twice as long as wide, segment 2 slightly longer than wide, slightly less than half length of segment 1; distally with a long bristle, bristles on antennal surface hardly distinguishable under available magnification.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="657206D46EB41C51219051DE42F07B02" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="75BC11D58760AC3FA6290AFD44C9D051" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="054E089A153C6E6640A56C000E55087D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Thorax and abdomen</emphasis>
.
</emphasis>
Nearly as in
<taxonomicName id="2B81D2ACA985BD039760CCBB0883D120" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="D3DC1B2DFA7F899972D99384A29DA59F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; however, first thoracic segment not wider than other two (Fig.
<figureCitation id="9DEA3EF98E138B97D3C178617FC21E5E" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A-E</figureCitation>
). In the examined larvae the 2nd and 3rd thoracic segments mostly with same width and length (although in some specimens segment 2 is slightly wider than 3), segment 1 always the shortest, its width slightly less than two remaining thoracic segments or occasionally with same width (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B71AD27AAD74CF3F0C27C47277A018A9" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A-E</figureCitation>
). Abdominal segment 1 normally shorter than segments 2-6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2125EFB367C2CEFEC679545E65FF29C0" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A, B</figureCitation>
), but in some specimens segments 1 and 2 equal in length and shorter than segments 3-6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="93E4009CDDBC75D011F34540539C0F47" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D</figureCitation>
). Abdominal segments 3-6 and sometimes 2-6 are usually the longest. Abdominal segment 1 usually slightly narrower than 2-6 or 3-6 (Fig.
<figureCitation id="916A1C0EBB3FD7135D3430A75A4725FB" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4A, B, D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="1111AEF1D597B76937B2C72B56A9A3A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Thoracic segments each with pair of very slightly sclerotized circular to elliptical plates on both dorsal and ventral surfaces towards the lateral sides (Figs
<figureCitation id="98E2928F8ED2FE577B4E6265D6164BCF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="68C0601F2876C29E0E1FFE8A58813E14" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5A, B, F</figureCitation>
). The plates of the 2nd and 3rd tergites and sternites have nearly the same size and shape, and if elliptical positioned transversely. The plates of the 1st tergite are elongate and somehow obliquely arranged to the longitudinal axis of the body (Figs
<figureCitation id="9E00F3FA456E2F6AA3B4123B27FA8DBA" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="A15C3D0B581354E3C45F4935183429CB" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5A</figureCitation>
); while those of the 1st sternite are sometimes irregularly shaped (Fig.
<figureCitation id="C461A76E9E9512C1E8483CFE7A0F3DB9" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5F</figureCitation>
). These plates usually have a less sclerotized centre and are hardly visible, but they can be observed after staining the abdomen (Figs
<figureCitation id="AED2AB4A9D41AFDBA361E4B270259A86" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="1F9A4B63BB535DE5B6749B959AC2E8CE" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5A, B, F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="7CFEA48E954AAD3435F68300C4EB614D" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
<paragraph id="903E98ECC454DCC158E94C07C2DC5C3F" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="6F069EB92A15C6C6675BEE337DAC4641" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 5.</emphasis>
Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of
<taxonomicName id="047159C3264EF57A4F2FAE42CE26CA76" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="695A4BAA94D891292EE00D7CE43F30E7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr).
<emphasis id="0D7E9D8FD6245DAECD2B0DCE4E5F1BC5" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate);
<emphasis id="BE4D5EAF4EAD93979800A4B474529804" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B.</emphasis>
Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides);
<emphasis id="BB12FE5650826862831318BD9D59C284" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C.</emphasis>
Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides);
<emphasis id="B5337A119274E1DAF1690169134A13DC" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D, E.</emphasis>
Third abdominal segment in half view (
<emphasis id="624F3CD1B789DF2D21D7D33D28FDA1CD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
) and median part (
<emphasis id="8FF7B49FC018176B4BE5DC58F9398368" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides);
<emphasis id="7390A3A376EC9F2D0726410D0143CCD3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">F.</emphasis>
Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg);
<emphasis id="CABE998FDDDA0C542DFFD5D6180C76B3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G.</emphasis>
Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg);
<emphasis id="C404C4D1D2887B13C43C5A128C753595" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">H.</emphasis>
Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="32861532C1672BC068EAC55B6629BDE4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Thoracic segments with single long bristle laterally, and pair of short bristles dorso-laterally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="43127BC4420D2D03824B0F75DDF53146" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5B</figureCitation>
). Thoracic legs nearly pyramid-shaped or finger-shaped (Figs
<figureCitation id="C3E1EE41E5718A7EA1E9191223B87A63" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D, E</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="13B2B63453C5C3F6961921F171432C7C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5F</figureCitation>
), very short, bearing two microscopic internal hairs distally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F82F7E9D14DBE58A3D68871C3ABA144E" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5F</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EEC084EC036775A777D35A3E06640825" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Abdominal tergites 1-8 with pair of long bristles on either side. Tergites 1 and 2 with two pairs of short bristles positioned rather medio-laterally, and nearly in a line (Fig.
<figureCitation id="06404C697878919780C3C16516F1AD2A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5C</figureCitation>
). Tergites 3-6 with two pairs of short bristles, which are not in the same line and positioned more laterally, and two pairs of nearly short, robust asymmetrical bristles internal to the lateral pairs, implanted on a common base or with bases completely confluent (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F3343582B203FDFF9416F49C9C99D83A" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5D, E</figureCitation>
). Tergites 7 and 8 each with a submedial hair. Tergite 8 with five pairs of long marginal hairs, and some serration towards the middle part. Four pairs of the prolegs on segments 3-6 atrophied, without any trace of crochets (Figs
<figureCitation id="DB71648CD45EA49DFFCF1D2D92AAE8DF" captionStart="Figure 4" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figure 4. Last instar larva of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A, B, D. Larva in dorsal (A, D) and ventral (B) views; C, E. Anterior part in ventral (C) and dorsal (E) views including head and thoracic segments (the upper, median and lower arrows in the left side of figure E indicate the slightly sclerotized plates at pro-, meso- and methathorax; the arrow in the right side indicates the thoracic leg which is visible from dorsal surface); F. Mandible; G. Labrum; H. Anterior part of the head in dorsal view showing antenna (arrow) and mandibles; I. Maxilla (arrow), maxillary palpi and labium." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure4" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630958" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">4D</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="496075E42BFCF50AAB25508EC868FD3B" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5G</figureCitation>
), but with three hairs externally (Fig.
<figureCitation id="D23D979301CFE271AB065F2CD54B25F2" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5G</figureCitation>
). Last proleg provided with pair of linear series of crochets, which in specimens examined each contain between 20-24 elements. They are not in equal numbers normally (n = 3) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3E13C2CF6A1EC467B35735AEE1FED16F" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Terga and sterna of the last larval instar of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A. Prothorax (arrow indicates the slightly sclerotized plate); B. Metathorax, left half (arrows showing the bristles on dorsal and dorso-lateral sides); C. Second abdominal segment in half view (arrows indicate the bristles on medio-lateral and lateral sides); D, E. Third abdominal segment in half view (D) and median part (E) (arrows indicate arrangement of the bristles on dorsal and lateral sides); F. Ventral surface of first thoracic segment in half view showing slightly sclerotized plate (left arrow) and first thoracic leg (arrows indicate the microscopic hairs at the distal end of the leg); G. Ventral surface of the third abdominal segment showing the atrophied prolegs (arrows indicate the hairs positioned external to proleg); H. Pair of linear series of hooks in the last proleg." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630959" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">5H</figureCitation>
). For measurements of head capsule and body see Table
<tableCitation id="6B3DFA00F2B6355913731D5940BC7E08" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Head capsule width and body length (min-max; mean + / - SE, mm) of different larval instars in Tischeria caucasica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<caption id="8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7" ID-Table-UUID="8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
<paragraph id="BABAA22EFAC1254573BE3EABC8DB62E4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="3F726A5640054FDF4BFB3B6639E2F339" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Table 1.</emphasis>
Head capsule width and body length (min-max; mean
<normalizedToken id="19E85E2AE014E640F6CFE3273F03AE3E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
SE, mm) of different larval instars in
<taxonomicName id="C4089728F01D4581DE469B3BF4AC3624" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="141F1438E1C3B35F7A50A6A25E881242" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="4669268CDDBAAD43F3DBF944D15E4CE3" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<table id="015AF22A865F81F21A94DD89070193B4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<tr id="2EBD6898E12CB9E49339FE6B162825DF" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<th id="F95ED7545D5C093F48C637B7441C7BEC" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Larval instar</th>
<th id="2804EFAEAF3BFCC4B6B69CC1244B1E1A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">n</th>
<th id="D316054743B34451D5DC8D91E48DD538" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Min-Max</th>
<th id="1C2AE84D2672654655F6C225B573BF87" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Width (mm)</th>
<th id="0B5CADC727312AE343CCD0B3160822DF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Min-Max</th>
<th id="8205336B9642380D270178390A63D4B4" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">Body length (mm)</th>
</tr>
<tr id="BF42941EC3CDD9763094D49D66261404" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<td id="55EF8471A28363456A7047E29D456182" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">1</td>
<td id="FF0458DF8BC4D9C6D77E122FBEAB5A8D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">15</td>
<td id="6675497E285E60C41B1748AE55A1DBCF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">0.19-0.27</td>
<td id="EC0D617BEE79F1898DCC1983F005B88A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
0.23
<normalizedToken id="C0D844EA4448B411CEBBB069B81035CB" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02
</td>
<td id="54E66A8E7A5323B09CE4115DF0B123E9" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">0.76-1.48</td>
<td id="95660F3944D9693CF109656526AA81EB" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
1.07
<normalizedToken id="4679F61B6B11F5B97C72CAA6349CBB8E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.22
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="2EEB6087E04AFAAB1FF21A8B5AFCB5B8" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<td id="179EE693F061D3EC9C1B4171A8412B6F" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">2</td>
<td id="C5FF652388C38F7C2CCD647FF853CBBF" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">11</td>
<td id="C52887F979ACA1067801B3D475A2BFE3" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">0.28-0.37</td>
<td id="29EABCCB580D6D470EEE7124171B6CCD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
0.32
<normalizedToken id="55C1A2212909F032FA34B65D3DA5687E" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03
</td>
<td id="5C289AF3BBA00129FD459BB6AEB15497" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">1.41-3.35</td>
<td id="EB295B47429EB63B126AE31B0BEA9D83" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
1.96
<normalizedToken id="1C29F3BAE7E60EECF328C94991C165B2" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.56
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="8EB60CAC6826E701FB2B7540D500D626" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<td id="0A49645B1F74F1D1C9D252FDB2792E90" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">3</td>
<td id="629742DF737C2D20B985744C4A4EC675" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">20</td>
<td id="B93C49491F911C88D14D2BB750EFE0BD" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">0.41-0.47</td>
<td id="2D652428331929DE8A4AE6B7A7D9C4FE" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
0.44
<normalizedToken id="8C00A13B21FF2EE10E846D1E8E68C676" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.02
</td>
<td id="539D8431578A6226C3DD9F0E1A78D7B6" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">2.03-4.20</td>
<td id="323516B83D243A3D1FD50F55CB84FA5D" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
3.56
<normalizedToken id="080DAFFF040987811AEDA555C8B699C4" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.49
</td>
</tr>
<tr id="32E7325708272B7F57E30349CE339497" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<td id="25A2566F557E0CCF3CE3EA8FB7CBC020" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">4</td>
<td id="43A60E53931768BCD7CC2AFD2F7BF140" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">51</td>
<td id="1D5B4359F565B5A6933B8D9DA3941DDA" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">0.52-0.69</td>
<td id="80948B1A48C0412B6BFD87FB5476D56A" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
0.61
<normalizedToken id="C825115285C9ACAD7A62538A37E4DF78" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.03
</td>
<td id="B01989913AA7D43CE60F116DD6CFF47E" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">3.25-6.60</td>
<td id="B8B310F77C159190EAE72A6808069E84" colspan="1" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" rowspan="1">
5.29
<normalizedToken id="D1A40A93E7AB992E2E2AE434853695D8" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.85
</td>
</tr>
</table>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="4B1443814B68546EC5103A2130EAF0FA" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Pupa (Fig.
<figureCitation id="45549D5C898FE1FA245BECEFBC037351" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pupae of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A-C. Whole body in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D, E. Posterior half of the body in female (D) and male (E) (arrows indicate pronounced differences between female and male pupae)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630960" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">6A-E</figureCitation>
) pale ochre to ochreous-brown, with brown scales at the dorsal surface of abdominal segments. The sex of the pupa can be easily recognised by shape of last abdominal segment (Fig.
<figureCitation id="01E2778F7B809371753B4C4276199F19" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pupae of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A-C. Whole body in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D, E. Posterior half of the body in female (D) and male (E) (arrows indicate pronounced differences between female and male pupae)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630960" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">6D, E</figureCitation>
). In the female, the paired triangular processes at the end of last abdominal tergum are slightly larger and closer to each other than in the male (Fig.
<figureCitation id="951446A2BE2CBC1CDD0A5F24C8D1FC48" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="F6" captionText="Figure 6. Pupae of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr). A-C. Whole body in dorsal (A), ventral (B) and lateral (C) views; D, E. Posterior half of the body in female (D) and male (E) (arrows indicate pronounced differences between female and male pupae)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630960" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">6D</figureCitation>
). Papillae anales of female genitalia usually visible. Female pupa slightly larger than male. Length of male pupa 3.70-4.40 mm (x = 4.06 mm
<normalizedToken id="11EAAC5D88896D62899FC3AB2E10543B" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.17, n = 22); female pupa 3.50-5.1 mm (x = 4.28 mm
<normalizedToken id="045576E2740A91FFE1D839D02675EFE3" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
0.43, n = 25).
</paragraph>
<caption id="B0CD64A64B908B2DEF383EFDF74739BC" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure6" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630960" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 6" startId="F6">
<paragraph id="5DCD922BC06AF1CBDC4DC089C07635A5" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="F1A6BD3C40C61B5683FBC752B1EEF4D3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 6.</emphasis>
Pupae of
<taxonomicName id="B6FA35F90C748E4209D2CCB344092FEC" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="1F7C5F4DB62C6E4645AD927D91E770CA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr).
<emphasis id="E0718286668788557DF4D77B00BD6CDD" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A-C.</emphasis>
Whole body in dorsal (
<emphasis id="D7C3A590681BCFDC09B3932B3DACB75C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A</emphasis>
), ventral (
<emphasis id="8FC9F41923EF1D982CEAF9EA7801DAF2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B</emphasis>
) and lateral (
<emphasis id="97AEB9541AFA5BF266F498CB41C7727D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">C</emphasis>
) views;
<emphasis id="7CB48A9030CAD9DF77B11623C74E1DF3" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D, E.</emphasis>
Posterior half of the body in female (
<emphasis id="5EAD84FD3B34835A117FC2B85FFF5951" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D</emphasis>
) and male (
<emphasis id="18A88BD02306117C226925E372726766" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E</emphasis>
) (arrows indicate pronounced differences between female and male pupae).
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="07A8FB71CA835CB4331D615DF65E6FF8" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="biology_ecology">
<paragraph id="0CA77888D41817C0E1735FBAD8329130" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Biology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2246BC16B0929E61AB8C5ED5638B0C46" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Host plants: In Iran
<taxonomicName id="5E5BF965FB20DAA0C552238053574A4D" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus castaneifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="C1C87FF611B62EFD17CC8DAFA2C6E5D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus castaneifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="FECF885C750ABA067FADA4267D1C3610" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. infectoria" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="5D5BBD5A2E992732D9C1411AB4256EE0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="6D9846A0E6A709FC722762A02343F3A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. libani" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="36A1FB5D67EFC7B044A98337547748EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8107D97949C53A0E23669299BF6B6E08" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. macranthera" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthera">
<emphasis id="4ED3E78C7B9733FE2623CE1D1A0106BA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. macranthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="EE52C4146DD410F1867E3F2049182AB1" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. robur" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="570ACA489C0DC008AB98DFAC3DF956DC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<taxonomicName id="E72B24641A62EB90DDC54F4DAC240469" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Fagaceae</taxonomicName>
). In Peykan Shahr the percentage of infection in
<taxonomicName id="C9B3F215C78C94B4D685FA9BE6957E77" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. robur" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="4D5D752F5B777D301039C18385E1A037" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
was very high (Fig.
<figureCitation id="6F2EACC0D13301E615B59FCA6F5FEC56" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus robur. A. infected tree; B, C. Young mines (first generation), early June, 2018; D. Full grown mines (first generation), early July, 2018; E, F. Developing mines (second generation), mid July, 2018; G-I. Old mines (second generation), end of September, 2018; J. Last instar larva dissected from the mine, second generation; K. Pupal exuviae and adult next to opened mine, second generation. The greatest number of mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed from early to mid July, when the next generation would occur." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630961" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7B-I</figureCitation>
), higher than in
<taxonomicName id="7538DD1C2CACC701F40F27A7438B8CC8" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. infectoria" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="453922AFCB1B69D8FB947901DDBCE3AE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. infectoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="7483A9DEA42965C63E2D308FA410CEB0" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8A-C</figureCitation>
), and in the latter species it was higher than in
<taxonomicName id="2C88A6DA51E0AC445F263A79FEC74847" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. libani" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="692380523B73F69E401DC0B7F3823F33" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="E9CA2E6514B2A3095AD8030A6D55565C" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8D, E</figureCitation>
). In
<taxonomicName id="6ED034C6919ED32577BE42BA65A05EAC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. libani" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="D1DD5D88990FC710A8DC2E4EA63EB0D3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
the infection rate was very low (one or two mines on each leaf) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="003101FB76B44C32269E625B498B7B84" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8D</figureCitation>
). Mines from Georgia (one larva barcoded RMNH.INS.31425) that most likely belong to this species, were found on
<taxonomicName id="0FD56F49CEFA8473B6D2D555AE112446" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. petraea subsp. polycarpa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="petraea" subSpecies="polycarpa">Q. petraea subsp. polycarpa</taxonomicName>
(Schur)
<normalizedToken id="504F2BD6DF623B36878110C59320785B" originalValue="Soó">Soo</normalizedToken>
and
<taxonomicName id="2656746E4F9A5356C7D388789615D9B9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea sativa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="850D9B9B7D35A13D4311CFF3B73D1BEE" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Mill.
</paragraph>
<caption id="0329A85F0D303784E0F0103244B1ACFC" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630961" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 7" startId="F7">
<paragraph id="C2C896BA9177CC11E1D03E873559E899" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="74B99151D2C53FCBB02A3A22F44F6960" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 7.</emphasis>
Blotch mines of
<taxonomicName id="E3B3C719BBD7AE0176CA32088B9EAE84" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="0AF94D05E1B56C071460F75869DEFAA9" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on
<taxonomicName id="8E77F3461B1F51B9D6A6F9A095B4C37A" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus robur" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="1A0D9B26518E00AF78827C9636F00BE2" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
.
<emphasis id="487CB4731D2032712D5CE0C65350365C" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A.</emphasis>
infected tree;
<emphasis id="B463D3BB74B695EDC771A951B2D02388" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">B, C.</emphasis>
Young mines (first generation), early June, 2018;
<emphasis id="9A9B96982F07E709BA23627A087E31D4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">D.</emphasis>
Full grown mines (first generation), early July, 2018;
<emphasis id="20B521B124A2D1AC82C4CF5D312F3548" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E, F.</emphasis>
Developing mines (second generation), mid July, 2018;
<emphasis id="3FF7D7BFFE6E9640E8F09ECCD4B290E9" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">G-I.</emphasis>
Old mines (second generation), end of September, 2018;
<emphasis id="1917923A7D5B408A18E8ED77A00D454B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">J.</emphasis>
Last instar larva dissected from the mine, second generation;
<emphasis id="98EB1EF9E458952A0EF3C0892948B30E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">K.</emphasis>
Pupal exuviae and adult next to opened mine, second generation. The greatest number of mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed from early to mid July, when the next generation would occur.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="41FF7962937DB2563C577788415F22CB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Based on the results of this study,
<taxonomicName id="F731A23406DA92E8A9C5C74987C97F44" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="C244A81808A2BC5915B68A6EB23B0454" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
has two generations per year in Tehran province. The eggs are white-grey in colour, deposited on the upper side of the leaf near the mid-rib or on larger lateral ribs. The mines consist of milky white upper-surface primary flat blotches, sometimes with orange hues, and like
<taxonomicName id="41F2722992CCDEFEDA03B25AC5FD7E2C" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. ekebladella" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="ekebladella">
<emphasis id="47ACDBEAC589592FAD9A0F95FFA2D173" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. ekebladella</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, with no traces of preceding corridors (Figs
<figureCitation id="1A6825239810CF62620F3A95BD408835" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus robur. A. infected tree; B, C. Young mines (first generation), early June, 2018; D. Full grown mines (first generation), early July, 2018; E, F. Developing mines (second generation), mid July, 2018; G-I. Old mines (second generation), end of September, 2018; J. Last instar larva dissected from the mine, second generation; K. Pupal exuviae and adult next to opened mine, second generation. The greatest number of mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed from early to mid July, when the next generation would occur." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630961" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7A-K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="03E97609CA4D9D93EA2EB31EE1994C42" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8A-E</figureCitation>
). As they get older, they turn very pale brown (Figs
<figureCitation id="579F7C710F141AD53B6C562BA5996B6B" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus robur. A. infected tree; B, C. Young mines (first generation), early June, 2018; D. Full grown mines (first generation), early July, 2018; E, F. Developing mines (second generation), mid July, 2018; G-I. Old mines (second generation), end of September, 2018; J. Last instar larva dissected from the mine, second generation; K. Pupal exuviae and adult next to opened mine, second generation. The greatest number of mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed from early to mid July, when the next generation would occur." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630961" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7A-H</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="25ADAB9C0FFB978842493F6695F97258" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8A-C</figureCitation>
). The cocoon was made nearly at the centre of each blotch (the so called nidus) and pupation took place within the mine. No frass was observed inside the mine (Figs
<figureCitation id="6F04D252E3BA9AAF91170966BD31EFB8" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F7" captionText="Figure 7. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus robur. A. infected tree; B, C. Young mines (first generation), early June, 2018; D. Full grown mines (first generation), early July, 2018; E, F. Developing mines (second generation), mid July, 2018; G-I. Old mines (second generation), end of September, 2018; J. Last instar larva dissected from the mine, second generation; K. Pupal exuviae and adult next to opened mine, second generation. The greatest number of mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed from early to mid July, when the next generation would occur." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630961" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">7G, K</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="5AA10A995AB9856FC7AACE6B3ADA699F" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8B, C</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="119AB48239C7D16A77851A4AC6A5C2EB" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 8" startId="F8">
<paragraph id="806B667B5377726CBABCFBB7243BBDDB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="F9CFA8CD791D1BE3874985EF1D6D5F58" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 8.</emphasis>
Blotch mines of
<taxonomicName id="0BD4C2442309E7F8B62E41118AFBF26B" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="8F47B1D1B762238EC5FB69F8EEA97589" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on
<taxonomicName id="9E61A7F9434E79718B7FA5E8C37BEA08" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus infectoria" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="infectoria">
<emphasis id="CC532842404E7451C51615E46EF1E8C4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus infectoria</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="F039D3754DEFFDB244A13F334FFB60E4" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">A-C</emphasis>
), and
<taxonomicName id="C6E9415435F0C9F752694C265AD457E7" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Q. libani" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="libani">
<emphasis id="1CC0E93EEBEF781C45004EDFA8570AED" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Q. libani</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(
<emphasis id="A6B522D4D4B117FC191C4F49B8C11533" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">E, F</emphasis>
).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="95A5819EAB86668155445497E5ED6E9B" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Leafmines were observed in 2017 and 2018 from late May to the first half of December, when the blotches were very minute. The greatest number of the mines in the first generation appeared in the first half of June. Adults were observed in early to mid July, when the next generation would occur. In the first generation, many adults emerged and, as a result, the population density increased remarkably during the second generation. In November, during leaf fall, the last instar larvae were overwintering inside the blotches. Live larvae were observed, yet sedentary through a cut in the upper epidermis in winter at the height of the cold. They became active and pupated after the end of the cold weather period.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="836EB29643B58DB178975AB6B13C8AE2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Four larval instars were estimated by measuring the width of the head capsule of each larval instar and applying
<normalizedToken id="F769B8930761DC98F75FB98B03FB70EE" originalValue="Dyar’s">Dyar's</normalizedToken>
law (
<bibRefCitation id="A525B070BC8FA656D0FE9CA1746C491C" author="Dyar, HG" journalOrPublisher="Psyche (Cambridge)" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="420 - 422" publicationUrl="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/182256" refId="B10" refString="Dyar, HG, 1890. The number of molts of lepidopterous larvae. Psyche (Cambridge) 5 (175-176): 420 - 422, https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/182256" title="The number of molts of lepidopterous larvae." url="https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/part/182256" volume="5" year="1890">Dyar 1890</bibRefCitation>
). Body length and head capsule width, min-max (mean
<normalizedToken id="FEA715478811FA6E755C777B50A88D08" originalValue="±">+/-</normalizedToken>
SE) in all larval instars, are shown in Table
<tableCitation id="4F014739C86FA04676E3FBECA11CA863" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Head capsule width and body length (min-max; mean + / - SE, mm) of different larval instars in Tischeria caucasica." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" tableUuid="8DA248F2CBB3BBA8B94F675ECAA727A7">1</tableCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2E57ECBD029B39FE031968D872347F62" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="seasonal development">
<paragraph id="860AD7AC0B451BA0630D8D6DCC79F324" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Seasonal development.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="74DBB99A981A7B459F4BFFE1AA63404E" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
In Tehran (Peykan Shahr) the activity period of
<taxonomicName id="09FF3CD6AEA2D3B5572607C859913A3F" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="104C224B3D15BCD01F94C6C71896FA0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
larvae started from the end of May and continued in two generations until the beginning of December. In the first generation during 2018, the 1st larval instar hatched late May (22nd) and feeding on leaf tissue within the mine. The first and second larval instars formed a short linear mine towards the leaf edge. Third instar larvae appeared at the end of May (27th), the last instar nearly at the first half of June (10th), and adults emerged from mid June (16th) to the 1st of July.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7F1255E9709B7083CD2623CD93BE3D49" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
The number of mines per leaf varies; in some cases there are as many as 12 mines (Fig.
<figureCitation id="B86C7B204A2566C6800CDBD56C3B5154" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 8. Blotch mines of Tischeria caucasica (Tehran, Peykan Shahr) on Quercus infectoria (A-C), and Q. libani (E, F)." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure8" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630962" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">8C</figureCitation>
). The first larval instar of the second generation appeared at the end of August (30th) and the last instar on late September. They overwintered as 4th instar larvae and remained quiescent until pupation in late May to early June. According to the results of this study,
<taxonomicName id="432DAEF5FD62A50E516CB3889878A356" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="79749CCE58F45DD1FFFFD2CA7CFCE90C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
had a severe outbreak between 2017 to 2019, despite spraying the trees and destroying the fallen leaves. In 2020, the infection was considerably lower, and there was no trace of infection in the garden until May 2021.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="45A9B18AFEC988102512687E0285E9A6" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Two species of parasitic wasps,
<taxonomicName id="0E8CB71D45357222BCA909931CF19D61" authorityName="Gahan" authorityYear="1925" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" genus="Brachymeria" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Brachymeria excarinata" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="excarinata">
<emphasis id="A932D1B4F1D2796806D24933AAD601CC" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Brachymeria excarinata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Gahan, 1925 (family
<taxonomicName id="A3FBA560B4F5A734F085355BC9BB63D9" class="Insecta" family="Chalcididae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Chalcididae</taxonomicName>
) and
<taxonomicName id="1C0C778F5A31852CFFF18CF81D743B03" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" genus="Aprostocetus" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Aprostocetus" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="81685DE54796E1947A91DFA79DEE5566" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Aprostocetus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
sp. (family
<taxonomicName id="915E78FDDEEC25F5EF19A0109AE81FF5" baseAuthorityName="Haliday" baseAuthorityYear="1833" class="Insecta" family="Eulophidae" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="family">Eulophidae</taxonomicName>
) emerged from the mines.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="BAC035B74B0F03454A1EDCFF600B8339" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="E515BB4D323B9879063243C2D81848D9" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CA5DC7F82A256A258B9FE33A8DC5354B" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Georgia (
<bibRefCitation id="B67D1E2E9D9B3A78A6078080B4956722" DOI="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" author="Klasinski, A" journalOrPublisher="Biologija" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" pagination="10 - 20" refId="B20" refString="Klasinski, A, Stonis, JR, Remeikis, A, 2020. Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus. Biologija 66 (1): 10 - 20, DOI: https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" title="Diagnostics based on the juxta morphology reveals a new species of Tischeria Zeller (Lepidoptera, Tischeriidae) from the Caucasus." url="https://doi.org/10.6001/biologija.v66i1.4186" volume="66" year="2020">
<normalizedToken id="F969F0685364E984351979DEDA525D8A" originalValue="Klasiński">Klasinski</normalizedToken>
et al. 2020
</bibRefCitation>
) and Iran (Tehran: Peykan Shahr; East Azarbaijan: Ainalou; Gilan: Molumeh; Mazandaran: Neka) (Fig.
<figureCitation id="E3BAA263AE91BC961C2005E89D3A09DA" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="F9" captionText="Figure 9. Map of all records of Tischeria caucasica in Georgia and Iran. Map prepared with QGis 3.10." figureDoi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630963" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">9</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="BB189A4FDD9CC296C4331212B09C021A" doi="10.3897/nl.45.76043.figure9" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/630963" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" start="Figure 9" startId="F9">
<paragraph id="2B0A4A6906F3DAB001F1C900693C3F6C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<emphasis id="B6D5AE599365E635B278FCF0830050F2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Figure 9.</emphasis>
Map of all records of
<taxonomicName id="8B5DCDE43FFDBD3AE91A6CBDBDF41C79" authorityName="Klasinski &amp; Stonis" authorityYear="2020" class="Insecta" family="Ulmaceae" genus="Tischeria" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tischeria caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="0FC263FA119199B934D440FA0757F9E3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Tischeria caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
in Georgia and Iran. Map prepared with QGis 3.10.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="2A9D5149AB96BC33EBFAE2A4049EC12A" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="3FE244D3898B2069146E26747457D651" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Material examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="8C20CEADF78D32A013068AA7090208EB" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="D712D3D30EF2E24E405FDE1582FE6961" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" country="Iran" location="Peykan Shahr" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tehran Prov.">
<emphasis id="0558CAC7867F66901CCA62DA277C664E" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="59C8C9AD87875B30263FB75377DE75AE" name="Iran">Iran</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<collectingRegion id="C3989F22D95AF90EEE99A717F52E0DFB" country="Iran" name="Tehran">
<normalizedToken id="7F98FFB5E1967A8ACA51B1277F114D7C" originalValue="Tehrān">Tehran</normalizedToken>
Prov.
</collectingRegion>
,
<normalizedToken id="6402DA7C13594285DA9A9B98FC820488" originalValue="Tehrān">
<collectingRegion id="F727391B2ECB9E7D71D0239ADE0B3D97" country="Iran" name="Tehran">Tehran</collectingRegion>
</normalizedToken>
,
<location id="B626565A16E296BE3DABECFA0CF9BD70" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:B626565A16E296BE3DABECFA0CF9BD70" country="Iran" name="Peykan Shahr" stateProvince="Tehran Prov.">
<normalizedToken id="731252F782EF2DFDF14D3B47D865C639" originalValue="Peykān">Peykan</normalizedToken>
Shahr
</location>
</materialsCitation>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0D4D21345C92CAF79051D9C4B9434604" degrees="35" direction="north" minutes="44" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="35.740833">35°44'27&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="781D372C1128E6F0A38CABBA2B65B63A" degrees="51" direction="east" minutes="10" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="50" value="51.180557">51°10'50&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="6817729B7C0A6B5C4E514161976512E9" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.3169999999999997" unit="m" value="1317.0">1317 m</quantity>
,
<specimenCount id="E54651C9B3A6D7568470267EACC075CA" type="male">33 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="A923547D3355858C1EB1D4EEEA33A8ED" type="female">26 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, emerged 6, 9, 16, 19, 21, 23,
<date id="5AE1A2C15B4C9D8AF81C63CA090D9913" value="2018-06-24">24.vi.2018</date>
,
<specimenCount id="3786A5895F929C7D6245EAB2B70F426B" type="male">11 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="C8A4979FB4B31C55EAFDB8EEA18F44B3" type="female">23 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, emerged 3, 6, 7, 10,
<date id="CC7EB3EB3C14165D57D984F087A66711" value="2019-07-13">13.vii.2019</date>
(first generation);
<specimenCount id="1030B5815CE786A442CCFC950F3A6965" type="male">7 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="CE3601A04C3267AB8F92D42E7EF0A341" type="female">8 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, emerged
<date id="8880AC11FD26ECB58863C55DF2158126" value="2018-12-09">9.xii.2018</date>
(second generation),
<materialsCitation id="6144603D7017015C9DD95D1D1683E5D8" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="S. Farahani" country="Iran" location="Same" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Tehran">
<collectorName id="A1E1CDAAF8CE38E0A4BD886E0E7802DC">
S.
<normalizedToken id="9D4D5EEBAEBA50E5E5A0E5CA276AACF5" originalValue="Farahāni">Farahani</normalizedToken>
</collectorName>
leg., all reared from
<taxonomicName id="0058CED3DEC88B784C26C426DF13D23C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus robur" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="robur">
<emphasis id="B806153B07AD1DB236292E1F116E663D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus robur</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(genitalia slides HA-2375, HA-2376, HA-2377, HA-2378, HA-2379, HA-2380, HMIM);
<location id="4C8DF5AE1956170F98B6C5AFCC5CFF8E" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:4C8DF5AE1956170F98B6C5AFCC5CFF8E" country="Iran" name="Same" stateProvince="Tehran">Same</location>
locality
</materialsCitation>
,
<specimenCount id="7A0F767E962FFEABDC0596DF7505F154" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="ED3FE8706E98BBAB1640D5845823EEE5" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, emerged
<date id="3C2E63E21493F637A6B6B793A48447D8" value="2016-06-11">11.vi.2016</date>
, genitalia slides EvN5029 (
<specimenCount id="CAE5AC24FD11BF5A8EF6E85B57F01D0A">♂</specimenCount>
), EvN5030 (
<specimenCount id="1C6DACF5F785F561865654C4D9E67B37">♀</specimenCount>
), specimens barcoded, RMNH.INS.25029, RMNH.INS.25030 (RMNH);
<materialsCitation id="DD87FA99EED0F60DCEBE6E2251DD6F98" collectingDate="2022-01-01" collectingDateMax="2022-12-31" collectingDateMin="2022-01-01" collectorName="S. Farahani" country="Iran" location="Same" specimenCount="3" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Tehran">
<specimenCount id="07831BB1AAD1E567E5BB64D2FEB9ABFC" type="male">2♂</specimenCount>
,
<specimenCount id="80639BC967E59E5829C56DD60E14429D" type="female">1♀</specimenCount>
, not pinned, same data, RMNH
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="817AD879680CAFDDE348ECBF348981D2" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
East
<normalizedToken id="B439C1EB7CEF715D7A37A418B370B007" originalValue="Āzarbāijān">Azarbaijan</normalizedToken>
Prov.,
<normalizedToken id="4B9AD5D915759FD1BCBE674B13E93C5D" originalValue="Arasbārān">Arasbaran</normalizedToken>
protected area,
<normalizedToken id="E43E0092F41F4B1E33506D55442DC7B3" originalValue="Āsheghlou">Asheghlou</normalizedToken>
to
<normalizedToken id="40A09FDF62BBA3B014B7CEE924D82E4F" originalValue="Vāyeghān">Vayeghan</normalizedToken>
Rd., near
<normalizedToken id="A735770F3FBACCD09FCC56101E93DB99" originalValue="Āinalou">Ainalou</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate id="E6DD5FC64617C1A4A5AE1089B1CA35E9" degrees="38" direction="north" minutes="58" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="4.3" value="38.96786">38°58'4.3&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="894385CFE01ADB5BD6EADD7475186B5F" degrees="46" direction="east" minutes="42" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="27.6" value="46.70767">46°42'27.6&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="A4CC3AA4AAD9FDC44F2ED60206552B8A" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.13" unit="m" value="513.0">513 m</quantity>
,
<date id="D505F830242800ADAA5BC5AB5BE16AEC" value="2008-09-17">17.ix.2008</date>
, J. Buszko leg.,
<taxonomicName id="2CB4D755DB9A06896DA62C73599C8475" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus macranthera" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthera">
<emphasis id="475CC20D848B7DD04C3D3C303CF9555A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus macranthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3 mines,
<specimenCount id="7DF6A3D4ADB6AC0648B8283595894CEF" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="13D33120855CD81B777F1012813AD904" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, emerged
<date id="1E493E75F0493B084B4B06F5C2583ED7" value="2009-03-16" valueMax="2009-03-26" valueMin="2009-03-16">16.-26.iii.2009</date>
, genitalia slide
<specimenCount id="F9CB3FBF48F3290E6B7CE77217842933">♂</specimenCount>
EvN5287, RMNH.INS.25287, RMNH, HMIM;
<materialsCitation id="C019DD68172145C4B001B82CC77AD1EC" collectingDate="2008-09-11" collectingDateMax="2009-03-17" collectingDateMin="2008-09-11" collectorName="J. Buszko" latitude="36.854725" location="Molumeh" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.93017" specimenCount="2" specimenCount-female="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Gilan Prov.">
<collectingRegion id="21F3E7FB169336263BDD5F1855E01972" country="Iran" name="Gilan">
<normalizedToken id="E12BF3DF13614F88258B6B3ACDDCB622" originalValue="Gilān">Gilan</normalizedToken>
Prov.
</collectingRegion>
,
<location id="69F72B393983899262ED36D49AC4F61B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:69F72B393983899262ED36D49AC4F61B" latitude="36.854725" longLatPrecision="1" longitude="49.93017" name="Molumeh" stateProvince="Gilan Prov.">Molumeh</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="3ED9054D68565C156B1C87E655B3C502" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="51" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="17.01" value="36.854725">36°51'17.01&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="5BBE081C94B5C81C685C89E7E8555E16" degrees="49" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="48.60" value="49.93017">49°55'48.60&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="03D133060EE5335110353A5C5905197E" value="2008-09-11">11.ix.2008</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="AEC74FD2E36954A60CF26F6349380C72">J. Buszko</collectorName>
leg.,
<taxonomicName id="155CD6D5E3745CC8542E29F0B49D2EBC" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus macranthera" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macranthera">
<emphasis id="E644EB2A0D8FA5193D1B3D139EA417EF" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus macranthera</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 3 mines,
<specimenCount id="803D2C28FDEC7EE7C8311F7D9952B6F6" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="D90C6DF80818E3431DCFD1C2C3E3067C" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
, emerged
<collectingDate id="FD3D2C8175918D6FC63D452A69188275" value="2009-03-17">17.iii.2009</collectingDate>
, genitalia slide
<specimenCount id="956078955C5FD089D02BB49A8F5C979A">♀</specimenCount>
EvN5291, RMNH.INS.25291, RMNH, HMIM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="90887328A868EC5166C5E5A933FC6115" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="F19E4951B9980DE1B13E29EC2EE4B7E5" collectingDate="2007-09-30" collectingDateMax="2008-02-26" collectingDateMin="2007-09-30" collectorName="J. Buszko" elevation="530" latitude="36.50464" location="Neka" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="53.390835" specimenCount="4" specimenCount-female="2" specimenCount-male="2" stateProvince="Mazandaran Prov.">
<collectingRegion id="E4C9BA8BF4F14F1E522F595CFE4C9975" country="Iran" name="Mazandaran">
<normalizedToken id="F7D8F28AFABC7EE180991CBE38AC87ED" originalValue="Māzandarān">Mazandaran</normalizedToken>
Prov.
</collectingRegion>
,
<normalizedToken id="0E3D0333DCDB015D84440316900D2407" originalValue="Nekā">
<location id="52F39EEC3C18C37E3FE1E275D59D8D8F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:52F39EEC3C18C37E3FE1E275D59D8D8F" latitude="36.50464" longLatPrecision="12" longitude="53.390835" name="Neka" stateProvince="Mazandaran Prov.">Neka</location>
</normalizedToken>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F2FAB577CE3FAF6DCBA6436FEC8BF60F" degrees="36" direction="north" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.7" value="36.50464">36°30'16.7&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="833E7FF17577B174751B7C64C29A38FE" degrees="53" direction="east" minutes="23" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="27" value="53.390835">53°23'27&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<quantity id="45A52CBD5E3F3969C8E5980B3B7B258F" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="m" value="530.0">
<elevation id="E74BB0AD895E2AB0F71859ED5C1F6141" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.3" unit="m" value="530.0">530 m</elevation>
</quantity>
,
<collectingDate id="9AD6F85FA861C8BC17CBD18B9AA8938D" value="2007-09-30">30.ix.2007</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="FE543CFE14F10B8737570E7E14E9A088">J. Buszko</collectorName>
leg.,
<taxonomicName id="317AF9449B6BF16578459C845746CF84" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus castaneifolia" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="castaneifolia">
<emphasis id="365996A4365AEE8C68080E8EBB97F416" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Quercus castaneifolia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 4 mines,
<specimenCount id="DCF34A60E6722C081A657D1028A5B944" type="male">2 ♂♂</specimenCount>
<specimenCount id="C90931A12D398390BC2FDD41A74957A1" type="female">2 ♀♀</specimenCount>
, emerged
<collectingDate id="AD6A0B7F937BAFDD153025205950EBE8" value="2008-02-20" valueMax="2008-02-26" valueMin="2008-02-20">20.-26.ii.2008</collectingDate>
, genitalia slides
<specimenCount id="49DE88BB0C29F7E85779561054EC4172">♂</specimenCount>
EvN5289, EvN5290, RMNH.INS.25289, RMNH.INS.25290, RMNH, HMIM
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="263D944D986E08CD182D3B42CC68F431" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<materialsCitation id="481C6A67BA05A2AAD150C3E6B974FC8A" collectingDate="2019-07-08" collectorName="Leo Vahatalo, Anssi Vahatalo" country="Georgia" county="Lesser Caucasus" location="Kvabiskhevi" municipality="Borjomi" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="Samtskhe-Javakheti">
<emphasis id="EE4E92AA3221A02498EA5A3C8A795664" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
<collectingCountry id="4E3557B58EBD65E73A30D07B9A1F1ADB" name="Georgia">Georgia</collectingCountry>
</emphasis>
,
<specimenCount id="65C8EE6AF204ADEAA56C80B7CA2AB566" type="male">1 ♂</specimenCount>
<collectingCounty id="2B5ADBBA49EBB563808C9A6FFDA7C157">Lesser Caucasus</collectingCounty>
,
<collectingRegion id="759642D964512A126D4AB580D2B07608" country="Georgia" name="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Samtskhe-Javakheti</collectingRegion>
,
<collectingMunicipality id="498B186AA5A936573CEC4307581DCB7B">Borjomi</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="78FDD4E68544DA7F4522C9195CF19519" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:78FDD4E68544DA7F4522C9195CF19519" country="Georgia" county="Lesser Caucasus" municipality="Borjomi" name="Kvabiskhevi" stateProvince="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Kvabiskhevi</location>
,
<collectingDate id="38ECAA1EE1F74C629A10550FA827ED2D" value="2019-07-08">8.vii.2019</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="0839E4DD51AF795C329592B3041B5AC3">Leo Vahatalo</collectorName>
,
<collectorName id="A412A16A36592045A9FCF2F85750CC85">Anssi Vahatalo</collectorName>
leg., LepiLED, genitalia slide EvN5274, specimen barcoded, GBRD.286,
<location id="23E10CBF064234E1C2B32FF94EA4A8BB" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:23E10CBF064234E1C2B32FF94EA4A8BB" country="Georgia" county="Lesser Caucasus" municipality="Borjomi" name="Research Collection of Anssi" stateProvince="Samtskhe-Javakheti">Research Collection of Anssi</location>
&amp;
<collectorName id="BC3283AA786DFC1AFDB6AE358499D907">Leo Vahatalo</collectorName>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="94E5AC81C70E75AC5FD4AA99B43C2E7C" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">
Leafmines most likely belonging to
<taxonomicName id="4AA419B0DC022A420BFCE8FDE9609239" class="Insecta" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="T. caucasica" order="Lepidoptera" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="caucasica">
<emphasis id="27857E257CA4C4D1CBF3A1DB76DAB35C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">T. caucasica</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
:
<materialsCitation id="237084AEF552837AC64AB7969945FA59" collectingDate="2018-09-19" collectorName="M. V. Kozlov, V. Zverev" latitude="41.676945" location="Chakvistavi" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.873055" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Adjara">
<collectingRegion id="C53F8780A27B09C4EB12512732D4909A" country="Georgia" name="Ajaria">Adjara</collectingRegion>
AR,
<location id="BB0FEA5EAF9F22906E84183384F65FBF" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:BB0FEA5EAF9F22906E84183384F65FBF" latitude="41.676945" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.873055" name="Chakvistavi" stateProvince="Adjara">Chakvistavi</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="D63BEFCBE9E52AC944ADA135BFB217F4" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="40" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="37" value="41.676945">41°40'37&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="FDFF61D1075726D95F36526C808B386B" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="52" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="23" value="41.873055">41°52'23&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="C0A5A917F5DF6BEA291BFBFAE93570CC" value="2018-09-19">19.ix.2018</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="963D420FDFFB9651CF30E127ECE9534D">M.V. Kozlov</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="E3EB28865409774EB8281D66F04EFE89">V. Zverev</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="8098079BFCB2B4A884E18E11DF20E07F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea sativa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="C9740ED7148AC3AA724DE2432F211028" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, 7 mines, RMNH.INS.48084-48085 (RMNH)
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="1EE07B97B5E3AAF7B88776860ABA13F2" collectingDate="2018-09-26" collectorName="M. V. Kozlov, V. Zverev" latitude="41.57028" location="Chikuneti" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.862778" specimenCount="1" stateProvince="Adjara">
<collectingRegion id="B7FD90E8509AAB6ED1F7C904A724E843" country="Georgia" name="Ajaria">Adjara</collectingRegion>
AR,
<location id="BC03AA51166774444C5270F279AC3A1B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:BC03AA51166774444C5270F279AC3A1B" latitude="41.57028" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.862778" name="Chikuneti" stateProvince="Adjara">Chikuneti</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="9F025517E08CBBB9CB52E59A83B891F7" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="34" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="13" value="41.57028">41°34'13&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="20C60C2FFC3ECA8E7477047F665C29EE" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="41.862778">41°51'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="C297E14686F3D7D4B694D6A55D55CE50" value="2018-09-26">26.ix.2018</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="33880C5D8496433CFDFC2203C9F5944B">M.V. Kozlov</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="38E2B80526FE0581BACCF743EF6BAB89">V. Zverev</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="7075650D6F516F8E4352B4EB2FC32B53" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Rhamnaceae" genus="Quercus" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa" order="Rosales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="subSpecies" species="petraea" subSpecies="polycarpa">Quercus petraea subsp. polycarpa</taxonomicName>
, 17 mines, RMNH.INS.48093- RMNH.INS.48095
</materialsCitation>
;
<materialsCitation id="49180CA3ACEDD0BFC83BA47601EF7713" collectingDate="2018-09-23" collectorName="M. V. Kozlov, V. Zverev" latitude="41.482502" location="Zeda Chkhutuneti" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.862778" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-larva="1" stateProvince="Adjara">
<collectingRegion id="6AAE9F0CF70AE7410890ED58742CC9F6" country="Georgia" name="Ajaria">Adjara</collectingRegion>
AR,
<location id="6205D29B9C8260A70C122F4019C9734F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:4380EEBBAA6051E48EF2A61D340F26BD:6205D29B9C8260A70C122F4019C9734F" latitude="41.482502" longLatPrecision="19" longitude="41.862778" name="Zeda Chkhutuneti" stateProvince="Adjara">Zeda Chkhutuneti</location>
,
<geoCoordinate id="F23E78D53ED33B382A1EAD53170F7CC0" degrees="41" direction="north" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="57" value="41.482502">41°28'57&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="CA5CA315F81A2E4060037589340E8D19" degrees="41" direction="east" minutes="51" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="46" value="41.862778">41°51'46&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
,
<collectingDate id="1EC681C5B85019930C79F402C8ED0C55" value="2018-09-23">23.ix.2018</collectingDate>
,
<collectorName id="8044B88BA10E90871CCCE5A4857C48D4">M.V. Kozlov</collectorName>
&amp;
<collectorName id="C73CDB5F8B85F483FE49CB21C5705E6F">V. Zverev</collectorName>
,
<taxonomicName id="1A34FC8775F0F36A9A3957C6774BF4A3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Fagaceae" genus="Castanea" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Castanea sativa" order="Fagales" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="sativa">
<emphasis id="159E8239701EA16FC9260B63E3613DDA" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Castanea sativa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<specimenCount id="F9EAFF50D8A28EBCFA0526A3007E6CFA" type="larva">1 larva</specimenCount>
RMNH.INS.31425 (barcoded), 5 mines, RMNH.INS.48128-48129 (RMNH)
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="9B922948116B9F12255DFA3A7AB7ACA4" pageId="0" pageNumber="9" type="material examined for comparison">
<paragraph id="218495E63C5EDDB866C810BA9DE47CF5" pageId="0" pageNumber="9">Material examined for comparison</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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