376 lines
34 KiB
XML
376 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document id="164C6B67F8582D42C70032526AF41295" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524" ID-ZooBank="BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" ID-publisher-id="140524" URI-arpha="8BBD979A-A43B-550B-853F-36895E8AFD3A" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatmentCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1734967240283" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Muller, Burgert S., Swart, Vaughn R. & Snyman, Louwrens P." docDate="2024" docId="426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079" docLanguage="en" docName="African Invertebrates 65(2): 247-327" docOrigin="African Invertebrates 65 (2)" docSource="https://africaninvertebrates.pensoft.net/article/140524/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Suragina dimidiatipennis" docType="treatment" docVersion="4" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="327" masterDocId="8BBD979AA43B550B853F36895E8AFD3A" masterDocTitle="Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)" masterLastPageNumber="327" masterPageNumber="247" pageNumber="247" updateTime="1735010477743" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:titleInfo id="630071C446B6CEEF2352BE31B975A1BA">
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<mods:title id="9239ABEA8660687E277930A76DA7E9F6">Revision of Afrotropical Suragina Walker, 1859 (Diptera, Athericidae)</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="8C868C7DD936DB17AEB203F8D7C2F388" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="3A7B3503A0260EB40658EAFF9D280737">Muller, Burgert S.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="1C8E3B2AC1AED2AB8584F80F90D5615F" type="ORCID">0000-0002-7304-4050</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AD5EC09F67706F34ACEDAD10BF2C20CC">Department Terrestrial Invertebrates, National Museum, 36 Aliwal Street, Bloemfontein, 9301, South Africa & Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:name id="53CA87D90AE7CAD876ADCDFB1D922018" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="449FF8C9AA7D720B3260858D8EE6C06F">Swart, Vaughn R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="80CA202CA3DE27CD77688C8431366268" type="ORCID">0000-0001-7905-5298</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="AEEEC645E2DCFB3818F1E86D3554FDAF">Department Zoology & Entomology, University of the Free State, P. O. Box 339, Bloemfontein, 9300, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name id="53FFE30CE1520EE78A335946B6C68C3A" type="personal">
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<mods:roleTerm id="D26409E0ED368DE197FABC54C840D244">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart id="088E87EB4E25F48CEB99BE2A608D2829">Snyman, Louwrens P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="966595DA4AFCF2ED064B87DF9A92B2C8" type="ORCID">0000-0002-5768-7216</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:affiliation id="05B26D36A4E9F3DCAA48972396191FC4">Invertebrate Zoology, Royal Alberta Museum, 9810 103 A Avenue NW, Edmonton, Alberta, T 5 J 0 G 2, Canada & Department of Veterinary Microbiology, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, S 7 N 5 B 4, Canada</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:typeOfResource id="C7F7B8293FA1FFEC7FEE47C60FA0C1C2">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="7A9727D5619924456A5F58655A7872F9">African Invertebrates</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part id="6535A7EBE5CDEE4B7872B7914EAC9B3A">
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<mods:date id="83BACB850575460DDF94B0734560C1DE">2024</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="407227F4FC62ECC71056ECDE9B9B018A">2024-12-23</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="A81203C8F0A8E2F90F63CD737D85F4FF" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="D7635503DC90D3A7BBB1E6C5DC8F30C3">65</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="E25D226AEA443E99234054F3B4A239EE">2</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="A587453C190DD0ACA6F3AB5BE1C258EF">247</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="027F9EE4B25CB0BE064A6086C5079E76">327</mods:end>
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<mods:classification id="96802F22069C05452D2B0B8387CCFD22">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="64780242CFEAA2E790FE7A99F456180B" type="DOI">10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="3C8F6444A047A931F0056AE7B5E15462" type="ZooBank">BCB49D2E-F772-49EB-A17A-47EB21194212</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14548353" ID-Zenodo-Dep="14548353" ID-arpha="426C25A2-351C-5B71-93DA-E16BC4C71079" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079">
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<subSubSection id="F969AAFDAA8AC0A9B50B4CB3BE787E1B" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="CFC8308A73C40C28C754508A9AC1EFFC">
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<taxonomicName id="25500566AF23AB4E2977830C9E5A3521" ID-CoL="53H6G" authority="(Brunetti, 1929)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
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<emphasis id="4B9BD5A2665EB6FFEBDEDFFFB1B83634" italics="true">Suragina dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
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||
(
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<bibRefCitation id="B70FF747E9B92E556DABFBD4516B7805" DOI="10.1080/00222932908673024" author="Brunetti E" issue="19" journalOrPublisher="Annals & Magazine of Natural History" pagination="1-35" refId="B4" refString="Brunetti E (1929) I. - New African Diptera. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 4 (19): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673024" title="I. - New African Diptera." volume="4" year="1929">Brunetti, 1929</bibRefCitation>
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||
)
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||
</taxonomicName>
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="C77A4397DAEFE8707EAEBDA929A32AA7" type="description">
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||
<paragraph id="C2FA664856D0C09F6521245A6ABD919D">
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||
<figureCitation id="7F439945D3A5E5A26EF98E52EC263317" captionStart="Figures 18, 19" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18, 19. Suragina Walker spp. dorsal habitus: S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti): 18 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158); S. falsa Oldroyd: 19 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160). 18, 19 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures18-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205866">Figs 18</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="E7EC9F98AACFAC7D6CB455C2BCCCB0B2" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 43–48. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 43 S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti) ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158) 44 S. falsa Oldroyd ♀ (NHMUK 014064160) 45 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 46 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158445) 47 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ (ICIPE) 48 S. milloti (Séguy) ♀ (CSCA). 43, 44 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205873">43</figureCitation>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="6184FC24E8F53F20E3A7639B284F0D3D" type="reference_group">
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||
<paragraph id="667232086B6C83E730D938A189AC1031">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D56F076CE611435CFF296F0452DDF997">
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||
<treatmentCitation id="4C1852A86D372CD5040B201E3D00BB86" author="Brunetti E" page="3" year="1929">
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||
<taxonomicName id="2A300D18D6802D3AD961ACD0E73C108F" ID-CoL="8B5JX" authority="Brunetti, 1929: 3" authorityName="Brunetti" authorityPageNumber="3" authorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Atrichops" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
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<emphasis id="3FE1F774C54BD26C1FE4DED0A87E70D4" italics="true">Atrichops dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
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<comment id="475208094B133D22EAAA6E0235944BC1">
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<bibRefCitation id="28C6416870299880ECD2E2C3FF7906F1" DOI="10.1080/00222932908673024" author="Brunetti E" issue="19" journalOrPublisher="Annals & Magazine of Natural History" pagination="1-35" refId="B4" refString="Brunetti E (1929) I. - New African Diptera. Annals & Magazine of Natural History 4 (19): 1 - 35. https: // doi. org / 10.1080 / 00222932908673024" title="I. - New African Diptera." volume="4" year="1929">Brunetti, 1929: 3</bibRefCitation>
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.
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</comment>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="A84EC65E6AB423CB28692E0F9598B21C">
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||
<treatmentCitationGroup id="D85FD6A0CC10BA747D0A0F1FE81DE2F5">
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||
<taxonomicName id="FD2CA846DA067A12C6879CFC1B1AAC63" ID-CoL="53H6G" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
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<emphasis id="3E31AF2DB07D5DE0B3D4405971CF75A5" italics="true">Suragina dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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||
<comment id="54F639732DA4002A52B2B345BB86ADE2">
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||
:
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||
<treatmentCitation id="63425C6C3BD33E0689BD600F0AE321D4" author="Stuckenberg BR" page="313" year="1980">
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||
<bibRefCitation id="9F3D3DC8F8250635E58FFE98EC717A19" author="Stuckenberg BR" editor="Crosskey RW" firstAuthor="Stuckenberg" journalOrPublisher="British Museum (Natural History), London" page="313" pagination="312-313" refId="B23" refString="Stuckenberg BR (1980) 23. Family Athericidae. In: Crosskey RW (Ed.) Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region. British Museum (Natural History), London, 312–313." title="23. Family Athericidae." volumeTitle="Catalogue of the Diptera of the Afrotropical Region." year="1980">Stuckenberg 1980: 313</bibRefCitation>
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||
</treatmentCitation>
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||
.
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||
</comment>
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||
</treatmentCitationGroup>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EVTBI" type="type material">
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||
<paragraph id="C94828E21F8D8A160B8A3633143F2744">
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||
<heading id="BAD83534F3CEA7A3B8597009DD1CF4B8" reason="title">Type material examined.</heading>
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||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="6578DA8CCA47FE8BC031A02B470A8D27">
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||
[
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<materialsCitation id="0AD3514C92703358E3ECF40628FC93C5" collectingDate="1923-03-27" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum" country="Nigeria" latitude="7.396333" location="Ibadan" longLatPrecision="917" longitude="3.9166667" specimenCode="NHMUK 014064158" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" typeStatus="holotype">
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||
from digital photographs]
|
||
<emphasis id="C8D2FEDAAA9770568414BDA8CB8B6C92" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||
<typeStatus id="40470900CCB7112C3EE5DA778C96AF1B" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
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||
:
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||
<collectingCountry id="C840F4D019CC25465250559813604C0D" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
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||
•
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||
<specimenCount id="86028FDC48D4C35645B2974A7F636DC1" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
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||
;
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||
<location id="A530C4A14C069A1615C2F43FE813846B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079:A530C4A14C069A1615C2F43FE813846B" country="Nigeria" county="Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum" latitude="7.396333" longLatPrecision="917" longitude="3.9166667" municipality="Presented" name="Ibadan">Ibadan</location>
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||
; [
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||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0EBUBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[3.916667,7.396333]}">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="BA1856A3C4BC53B7E33469D2EFFB869A" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="23.78" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="7.396333">07°23.78'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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||
<geoCoordinate id="162F08A96ACDAAE0A35FC8ACC2F9676A" degrees="03" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="3.9166667">03°55'E</geoCoordinate>
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</named-content>
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];
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<date id="BAF037A03B796FBB735B4FCA20242D82" value="1923-03-27">
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||
<collectingDate id="54907AEE6009B263FBE51E6AFF067F16" value="1923-03-27">27 Mar. 1923</collectingDate>
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||
</date>
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; Presented by
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<collectorName id="7ADA9A968C9056701D2C7B5E705AA47F">Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum</collectorName>
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||
; 1484, 1929–48; (
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||
<specimenCode id="FC86211B0D2A6D5058370E66582D414C" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">
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<named-content id="9ADC3246E2E6670946D612B2D3725D04" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
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014064158
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</specimenCode>
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).
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||
</materialsCitation>
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</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="E4AAD53824193B902A16BE765921EB5F">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="648F42BAD79999D594CEA5005E5793E6" collectingDate="1920-08-10" collectionCode="NHMUK" collectorName="Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum" country="Nigeria" latitude="7.396333" location="Ibadan" longLatPrecision="917" longitude="3.9166667" specimenCode="NHMUK 014064159" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-female="1" stateProvince="Southern" typeStatus="paratype">
|
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<emphasis id="1B3A0888EC9FE63EF44AFC7DDD1D5A29" bold="true" italics="true">
|
||
<typeStatus id="E22F15A73AB528D91A5ABB21C714067B" type="paratype">Paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
:
|
||
<collectingCountry id="399A0D74A8C26D1F22082AE0C57E0B39" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
•
|
||
<specimenCount id="1076ACB9FF2708F59EB7887D53A7DFFD" count="1" type="female">1 ♀</specimenCount>
|
||
; So [
|
||
<collectingRegion id="8A206CE49A59CC6A60C48487581D86BD">Southern</collectingRegion>
|
||
] Nigeria;
|
||
<location id="5DD7712B3B10010162784B50D7A91568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:426C25A2351C5B7193DAE16BC4C71079:5DD7712B3B10010162784B50D7A91568" country="Nigeria" county="Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum" latitude="7.396333" longLatPrecision="917" longitude="3.9166667" municipality="Presented" name="Ibadan" stateProvince="Southern">Ibadan</location>
|
||
; [
|
||
<named-content content-type="dwc:verbatimCoordinates" id="NCID0ETUBI" specific-use="{"type":"Point","coordinates":[3.916667,7.396333]}">
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||
<geoCoordinate id="D62D502C924022DC6505438FDDA796B5" degrees="07" direction="north" minutes="23.78" orientation="latitude" precision="9" value="7.396333">07°23.78'N</geoCoordinate>
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||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="726A227C1849917B31987AFC812435B2" degrees="03" direction="east" minutes="55" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="3.9166667">03°55'E</geoCoordinate>
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||
</named-content>
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||
];
|
||
<date id="1CA02718F4BAD26219255C37B1EA4D91" value="1920-08-10">
|
||
<collectingDate id="8B4477D0B20D706198F024861B223815" value="1920-08-10">10 Aug. 1920</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
; Presented by
|
||
<collectorName id="132D3432B705DB4E544FA7E5AA460905">Imperial Bureau of Entomology British Museum</collectorName>
|
||
; 1484, 1929–48; (
|
||
<specimenCode id="7BF189615E6AA81547A8A039B14DF78F" collectionCode="NHMUK" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">
|
||
<named-content id="6884D5006F436BAA356AA0E730323867" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
|
||
014064159
|
||
</specimenCode>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E2UBI" type="diagnosis">
|
||
<paragraph id="F44F453D03A33B718836F95976FA8913">
|
||
<heading id="3FA41B29E3E62D905F1DD9A1FBC0A66D" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
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||
<paragraph id="31EA7E7C959C101C1687E43713403604">
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Head and thorax with dark brown ground colour and silver-grey pruinosity. Abdomen is orange-yellow to dark orange, brown on terminal segments. Tergites 2 and 3 with large brown markings. Wing brown suffused on apical half with dark brown stigma and substigmal marking (Fig.
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<figureCitation id="78B9DDFB707E3332E75683DFF3DE0AC9" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 43–48. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 43 S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti) ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158) 44 S. falsa Oldroyd ♀ (NHMUK 014064160) 45 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 46 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158445) 47 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ (ICIPE) 48 S. milloti (Séguy) ♀ (CSCA). 43, 44 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205873">43</figureCitation>
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||
), in this regard, it is most similar to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F03478832686AA6DA951A28F33CF8268" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zombaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="9ADF49A95655EFE65A6985128C475046" italics="true">S. zombaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Muller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="2442460448F71854CC8B67275AC669F5" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, but differs from it by having wide subrectangular markings on the upper occiput compared to narrow markings in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="723F3947D59A9550D825314263740E6E" authority="Muller" authorityName="Muller" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="zombaensis" status="sp. nov.">
|
||
<emphasis id="B74DD01DBDAE4A0E249F2F1FA76B3266" italics="true">S. zombaensis</emphasis>
|
||
Muller
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicNameLabel id="86E61525273B85EC25015F78875DB37A" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
|
||
, and a marked difference in abdominal colour and patterning, with the latter having medial longitudinal blackish markings with bluish-grey pruinosity that are completely absent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="691464DB2C20EBC2C1E63E624714BAAB" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="2FA320FD7D7C7FD4BE8B1FD820E04817" italics="true">S. dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0EGWBI" type="redescription">
|
||
<paragraph id="AC4CF5178D5812E06061C69728AFE72E">
|
||
<heading id="ED4A9AE70DA35055208F9421E6BBCF1B" reason="title">Redescription.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="CB5673F5A0347769ED87EDC94B49031D">
|
||
(Based on digital photographs of
|
||
<specimenCount id="7EBB61A363801B29856637B5CAAF3D66" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="ADDAB3CBC0EC0D5AA3E0C4B047905A75" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
and
|
||
<specimenCount id="43DCDE8BCC0A1872BD636FA6BCFEF7CD" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
<typeStatus id="5DF4ACDE452B5109EA1A281480C4F304" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
)
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BE46B6077EE659BD4C9E37BA3B02453F">
|
||
<emphasis id="369917497F1AB0302B838EDC3C678A53" bold="true" italics="true">Measurements</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="764694C99E1324C23ADB0668669DD6C8" count="1" type="female">♀</specimenCount>
|
||
n = 2): Wing span:
|
||
<quantity id="73D5477CF300D240100C2B112E549382" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.35" metricValueMax="8.8" metricValueMin="7.9" unit="mm" value="8.35" valueMax="8.8" valueMin="7.9">7.9–8.8 mm</quantity>
|
||
(avg.
|
||
<quantity id="F7B36A6830A5B8B433406C4EB7CA8950" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.4" unit="mm" value="8.4">8.4 mm</quantity>
|
||
); body length: 10.3 (avg.
|
||
<quantity id="3394A04FE1BDFCD590AAA6682B307E3F" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.03" unit="mm" value="10.3">10.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
); wing span to body length ratio (avg.): 0.81.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C53D605BF2FCE0D33D3C86CBC4F85544">
|
||
<emphasis id="3E7BBE455E7CAFD1CE25BE9BD1012F78" bold="true">Female</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="9F03C9D9331D85283647760FCE4DA65C" captionStart="Figures 18, 19" captionStartId="F4" captionText="Figures 18, 19. Suragina Walker spp. dorsal habitus: S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti): 18 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158); S. falsa Oldroyd: 19 ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064160). 18, 19 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures18-19" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205866">18</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="6809C03F021AD2820C23A881AB7C5E73" ID-DOI="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures18-19" ID-arpha="F930A338-64EA-55B8-842C-2E282BCCBA61" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205866" startId="F4">
|
||
<paragraph id="0404EBBAE77CA22F9F03E387CFC9C04B">
|
||
<label id="8DDA9FDC5609A0B0F6016E2DEAD0986F">Figures 18, 19.</label>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2DC4B2E4E2A9307ACA7077793F3FFFE2">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D054924375133F57C5EFD629F07C90BB" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="AD4A9326507F4A91C2585A23E4CD49AB" italics="true">Suragina</emphasis>
|
||
Walker spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
dorsal habitus:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="382E6C736F7894D0B1EC7C52B2BCBF64" authority="(Brunetti)" baseAuthorityName="Brunetti" baseAuthorityYear="1929" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="dimidiatipennis">
|
||
<emphasis id="6F20C3B9356731B3825E472EACC428C2" italics="true">S. dimidiatipennis</emphasis>
|
||
(Brunetti)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="A812B3CA2EDDFD1AAA02CC7D717277A1" bold="true">18</emphasis>
|
||
♀ holotype (
|
||
<named-content id="C0E2F39DE8F6A4530F00582A1D33F4D8" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
|
||
014064158);
|
||
<taxonomicName id="748A050D01CD1F7C91241E7FABAF0862" authority="Oldroyd" authorityName="Oldroyd" authorityYear="1939" class="Insecta" family="Athericidae" genus="Suragina" kingdom="Animalia" order="Diptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="falsa">
|
||
<emphasis id="DB8BDF113F40DF90F7EC5FBEE520B608" italics="true">S. falsa</emphasis>
|
||
Oldroyd
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
:
|
||
<emphasis id="243D53E4FF457CE28F5CB37557BDFC15" bold="true">19</emphasis>
|
||
♀ holotype (
|
||
<named-content id="7F4CC8132DF17911B955DB47497A4756" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
|
||
014064160).
|
||
<emphasis id="CBF282CD9619B7D15217656B8838263E" bold="true">18, 19</emphasis>
|
||
Copyright
|
||
<named-content id="F6AA9CE68468BA7D22D8AB188A06B1DE" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/natural-history-museum-london" xlink_title="Natural History Museum, London">NHMUK</named-content>
|
||
under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="78206B794E4C1A4B16995415E8755003">
|
||
<emphasis id="18B38A3B0532C80EE1F7B195CDCFCC60" bold="true" italics="true">Head</emphasis>
|
||
: Dark brown ground colour, with silvery-grey pruinosity on majority of head; eye bare; dichoptic; ommatidia of similar size; lateral edge of eye without any visible indentation; ocellar tubercle slightly elevated, visible in profile, dark setulose, silvery-grey pruinose; vertex silvery-grey pruinose, with dark setulae; anterior ocellus similar in size to posterior pair; ocellar tubercle in front of dorsal margin of eye; dorsal inner edge of eye without discernible paired dark markings, same silvery-grey pruinose as rest of head; occiput with same silvery-grey pruinosity; paired widely-shaped blackish-brown subrectangular markings with dark setulae on upper occiput running down to occipital foramen, abutting posterior margin of eyes, flanking vertex; upper occiput otherwise with pale setulae; lower occiput with lateral margins and medial area with long pale setulae, these continue ventrally on head to mouthparts that have pale ventral setulae; frons silvery-grey pruinose with short dark setulae on lower half, velvety-black from ocellar tubercle to lower half of eye; frons running almost parallel, widening only very slightly towards antennal base; frons with long dark setulae; face and gena silvery-grey pruinose, with pale setulae; clypeus with silvery-grey pruinosity, bare; face separated anteriorly from clypeus by shallow transverse suture, deeper sutures laterally; face not appearing to bulge laterally when viewed in profile; clypeus visible in profile, face not; antennal bases separated ca 1 × width of scape, with obvious longitudinal groove running up into lower frons; scape, pedicel mostly orange, dorsally orange-brown, otherwise with some silvery-grey pruinosity; 1
|
||
<superScript id="7DA67C171AF4E4653D59758C57353D41">st</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere entirely orange; 2
|
||
<superScript id="D5F1B96C0D8E00A2059C5E3973A1D44B">nd</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere brown; scape appearing larger than pedicel when viewed dorsally; 1
|
||
<superScript id="7D1F13B60B7BD37ACB067C4DED466950">st</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere reniform, 2 × size of pedicel; 2
|
||
<superScript id="59A1069E42DB5C76470E8612ED5ECC1D">nd</superScript>
|
||
flagellomere arista-like; pedicel with dark dorsal and ventral setulae, similar in size, scape with only dark dorsal setulae; palpus orange with mostly darker setulae, and some interspersed pale setulae; palpus ca 0.5 × length of proboscis; proboscis ca same length as head height; proboscis orange-yellow with dark setulae and some paler shorter setulae.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A017FA69DA97CF1D03AC257A401EB4C4">
|
||
<emphasis id="4FC2347981416424427776F8E80B16C1" bold="true" italics="true">Thorax</emphasis>
|
||
: Scutum dark brown with central vitta, delineated by silver-grey pruinosity on presutural surface; central vitta ending before scutellum; scutum with large paired presutural dark brown markings behind postprontal lobe; pronotum yellowish-brown with pale setulae; postpronotal lobe brown, base same dark brown as proceeding presutural scutal area; scutellum with short dark setulae; notopleuron appearing silver-grey pruinose when viewed dorsally, setulae dark; postalar wall and postalar callus orange-brown; scutellum orange-yellow with short dark setulae; scutum generally with short dark setulae with postsutural setulae somewhat longer; majority of pleura dark brown, except for anepisternum, katepisternum and meron with silver white pruinosity; pruinose pleura have long pale setulae; anepimeron setulae unknown; anatergite and meron bare; proepisternum and proepimeron with long pale setulae; anterior and posterior spiracles and surroundings yellow, bare; postspiracular scale brownish; postnotum dark brown, silver-grey pruinose on lateral margins.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FD80650FCA295A3C0B7B0B376419E1BA">
|
||
<emphasis id="C7056BD3ABFAAAA51DDBEFDCCBB0907F" bold="true" italics="true">Legs</emphasis>
|
||
: Fore coxa orange-yellow, mid and hind coxae dark brown; fore coxa with long pale setulae on anterior and posterior surfaces, anterior apex with short dark setulae; mid coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface; hind coxa with dark setulae on anterior surface as well as dark setulae surrounding well-developed anterior apical point, lateral apical edges also with long dark setulae; fore trochanter orange-yellow with short pale setulae, mid trochanter dark brown, hind trochanter missing; fore and mid femora orange-yellow; hind femur missing (original description has hind femur with basal and apical third “ brownish-yellow ” interpreted here as orange-yellow, and middle third “ black ” interpreted here as blackish-brown); fore tibia blackish-brown; mid tibia darker orange-yellow than that of mid femur; hind tibia and tarsi missing (original description has hind tibia and tarsi “ black ”, interpreted here dark brown based of photos); fore tarsi dark brown, mid tarsi yellowish-brown; fore tarsal claws and pulvilli missing, not described; fore tarsi with long, somewhat curved sensory setulae along antero- and posteroventral surfaces, sensory setulae ca 2 × as long as tarsal segment is wide; fore and hind femora with pale setulae, some darker setulae on apical dorsal surface of fore femur; fore and hind femora with long pale setulae on apical ventral and posteroventral surfaces; mid femur with long pale setulae on ventral surface; fore and mid tibiae with short dark setulae; hind leg overall stouter than remaining legs; hind tarsi missing not measured; tibial spur formula unknown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="383E66D949C52FA8508AA5CA7DC9EA8F">
|
||
<emphasis id="C886406B4D6EA96A7BF859743A30FFB9" bold="true" italics="true">Wing</emphasis>
|
||
(Fig.
|
||
<figureCitation id="93253D5CA2916C8DD6BCD909DCF09AF3" captionStart="Figures 43–48" captionStartId="F11" captionText="Figures 43–48. Suragina Walker spp. wing dorsal view: 43 S. dimidiatipennis (Brunetti) ♀ holotype (NHMUK 014064158) 44 S. falsa Oldroyd ♀ (NHMUK 014064160) 45 S. freidbergi Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (BMSA (D) 92158) 46 S. liberiaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♀ paratype (NMSA - DIP 158445) 47 S. malavaensis Muller, sp. nov. ♂ (ICIPE) 48 S. milloti (Séguy) ♀ (CSCA). 43, 44 Copyright NHMUK under CC BY 4.0. Scale bars: 1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/afrinvertebr.65.140524.figures43-48" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1205873">43</figureCitation>
|
||
): Brown suffused on apical half; darker brown stigma over apex of veins
|
||
<emphasis id="400ADA3C5F5E2D71F695F05E5C613B05" italics="true">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript id="3905C9C8BAE4A22F1B3FEE99765DF9E1">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<emphasis id="506127BE3632D1FDEC976B87C7DD450C" italics="true">
|
||
R
|
||
<subScript id="64CDF578683CC0A3813B16E4D8A7A4C7">2 + 3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and cells
|
||
<emphasis id="449475F2C29CEC737C607CF989877C32" italics="true">sc</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="3B28B215D76977EF71E71AE20BC495FA" italics="true">
|
||
r
|
||
<subScript id="562143463F077E8E13E6CEBAA5670895">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
; darker suffused substigmal marking over crossvein
|
||
<emphasis id="3212EF4F1BADA854DB01936343BE8FC2" italics="true">r – m</emphasis>
|
||
, bases of discal cell, cell
|
||
<emphasis id="1E810715C79540473F8A77B1B86E8696" italics="true">
|
||
m
|
||
<subScript id="5603CE2131D355F201DD45BCF15C8D28">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and apex of cell
|
||
<emphasis id="40D0EA6E5463598A9E9C38283FBCBB42" italics="true">br</emphasis>
|
||
; cell
|
||
<emphasis id="D99CD8888FF8AA47F04D2267833F7FCA" italics="true">bm</emphasis>
|
||
hyaline; veins dark brown; costa without distinct downward flexure over stigma; cell
|
||
<emphasis id="264BFA1E3104CBAB29FE92072810BF2D" italics="true">cua</emphasis>
|
||
closed a short distance from wing margin; cell
|
||
<emphasis id="BCBC2F5A34E190DDFB7DE694685A3CDF" italics="true">
|
||
m
|
||
<subScript id="345C36105CBE54FBE662A2782B080B1F">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
open, veins
|
||
<emphasis id="5F501BCEE69A6506B06BA4824864EFC2" italics="true">
|
||
M
|
||
<subScript id="BD9BFED24A6D972D4B3D7EC00F5F24E7">1</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="99A11A202142E790A614C0B85E393FF0" italics="true">
|
||
M
|
||
<subScript id="0B85C64DE808694E86083285E343D681">2</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="E669EFD704AB252F67C1B8225B3848BF" italics="true">
|
||
M
|
||
<subScript id="B3F26F676BDDCFCAE398B6C967F1E893">3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
present; haltere stalk yellow, knob light brown, with some short and dark setulae.
|
||
<typeStatus id="123A035D17AD121FC190200F97F2F76E" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="09A8D7B0A5F8A696F7A21DC75F13D478" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
014064158) with an elongated hyaline marking in cell
|
||
<emphasis id="BE136306A517F13BC9EC8DDD855798DA" italics="true">
|
||
r
|
||
<subScript id="6827967813284A8EECC71C300A59CC0A">2 + 3</subScript>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<typeStatus id="E855F1AFB7B4631744AF3A7C8344B07D" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
|
||
(
|
||
<collectionCode id="4222DBCA59271E6550B090FE31B28BDB" country="United Kingdom" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34665" name="Natural History Museum, London" type="Museum">NHMUK</collectionCode>
|
||
014064159) without such a hyaline marking.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="06A5E2C69868E9C2D6A31AEA4D86D588">
|
||
<emphasis id="5BCFE22D751EB7FEBE1A7F71891CEE9E" bold="true" italics="true">Abdomen</emphasis>
|
||
: Overall orange-yellow to dark orange colour; tergite 1 orange-yellow; tergites 2 and 3 with large brown markings taking up majority of surface, somewhat darker on lateral margins as well; tergites 4 and 5 orange-yellow; remaining tergites orange-brown, with posterior margins of especially tergites 7 and 8 darker; sternites orange-yellow, with sternites 3 and 4 covered in darker marking; rest of sternites orange-yellow; tergites with short dark setulae dorsally, and long pale setulae laterally; sternites with short pale setulae; tergite 1 medially with a longitudinal suture.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="907AC92075CB9308713C23765D6F6B46">
|
||
<emphasis id="466E80AAD5EBCD6F94A4EF5EB3DF00E8" bold="true" italics="true">Terminalia</emphasis>
|
||
: Cercus dark brown with pale setulae; internal structures unknown, type material not dissected.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="SECID0E12BI" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="15D1E8A6612B4CB861E106644983EDD7">
|
||
<heading id="72BC3F5C551F44BFAE593B18E744194E" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6441B8F62335170CD10BA7F2D2895557">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="FC6C38485EE45A703BB1D85DEF51A031" name="Nigeria">Nigeria</collectingCountry>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |