220 lines
27 KiB
XML
220 lines
27 KiB
XML
<document id="82F2B7E4B1F9118914C388FFD8444213" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" ID-GBIF-Dataset="6ef290f2-f65d-4dfa-afbd-2fbb505860ab" ID-PMC="PMC5904508" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-745-1" ID-PubMed="29670448" ID-ZooBank="16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-745-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 745" ModsDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" checkinTime="1521799043702" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Moore, Matthew R., Cave, Ronald D. & Branham, Marc A." docDate="2018" docId="421163B0212FD6D753C0C9BAD6E0E7A4" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 745: 1-99" docOrigin="ZooKeys 745" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683" docTitle="Peltonotus Burmeister 1847" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="58" masterDocId="C24FFFFC630B3774FFCFDB4EFFAFAD27" masterDocTitle="Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)" masterLastPageNumber="99" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="57" updateTime="1701315738437" updateUser="plazi">
|
|
<mods:mods id="7E0341C22BFD447B575C7708AF2509D8" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="7C19BE5072FAFB2C8D6E3ECCD02D084A">
|
|
<mods:title id="265CEB9EB23BFCD6B3AEC86F55927012">Synopsis of the cyclocephaline scarab beetles (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae)</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name id="4D1324D0F6ACD9D909444D91D7CA8953" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="4C048C28A21559DAB17ADF270F7BD4E0">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="FB7E0A5E7325CE8EC3020D3CB919A294">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="6E07C961D09AC96AD1F96D60CA952081">Moore, Matthew R.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="06E0C7C2CC029B73D1E8E78FF5C425F7" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="09CBC14E9EDDD7E5C55D04D66456A297">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="A0D0F0AB3B15CB7610EFF60C9484A6EE">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="78E21D02E61E7B566FBEAC543FE07152">Cave, Ronald D.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name id="82A9FDF2BC35484977BD284F3FDAC700" type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role id="18D33F666785C371545A182775DD26AB">
|
|
<mods:roleTerm id="C9B156134D329BA5DE5FF7DED73C0EFA">Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart id="45F2E4A4F08BCB6B800B2A8ADF2DA8B7">Branham, Marc A.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource id="82D9A8E052ED58F064CAEE6BD399A19F">text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem id="F236C756A5050AA14C0DA1007B85EA0E" type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo id="CEF2D35DB4936C2BF71D838C20495505">
|
|
<mods:title id="E11320601FCE611691FE13A9F4EFCF44">ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part id="C86AC0DC7E014B3AA7A616E7495CFF6F">
|
|
<mods:date id="D15E167F5B1D7CC22A2BAB85412AA676">2018</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail id="938DFE451A424680D7AD0BD0204F04C6" type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number id="1E2A7290917B74BCCD1834AEA1F4DDEB">745</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent id="4250F492773C75CE68044B5E382771AB" unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start id="9FB82D868859B729B15371858535E6CF">1</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end id="7492FF87A379FEA26A57B1F1D9ED3111">99</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location id="D559AD18F552A7147E8CD3D2060B70F4">
|
|
<mods:url id="DDF1D593B71BB0C30C472D2E528E2971">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification id="A167C420EF0D87066EE400DE0FC06CBA">journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="1A19F5EC18EA3628B53F8F6BBB224E94" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.745.23683</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="2030CBB19AC28D81B794C576639F7FF8" type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-745-1</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier id="789711DE7091533A90175D9A9C95F4F1" type="ZooBank">16F1AE595650485F9D8C6149E962D461</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment id="421163B0212FD6D753C0C9BAD6E0E7A4" ID-GBIF-Taxon="142479972" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:421163B0212FD6D753C0C9BAD6E0E7A4" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/421163B0212FD6D753C0C9BAD6E0E7A4" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<subSubSection id="76868B2AF96BAB1A0CB29D8924AF31FB" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph id="FB6A8661A8FACE86A81096A17813E86B" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="06A6196ED64B967AF971AF7B6AD68695" ID-CoL="6KGX" authority="Burmeister, 1847" authorityName="Burmeister" authorityYear="1847" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="A7E55E577A46C6EF97F683EE9152D643" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" start="start">Peltonotus</pageBreakToken>
|
|
Burmeister, 1847
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="B941BDB8E23DD89FCA20E42DC9E508A6" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="type species">
|
|
<paragraph id="E8C6E2FD564FE5C7FC7DB9AF2294FC63" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Type species.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="19F302DC3634B99A7385DF689F9EA5F0" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="358102A5601D72D766BBB387A59E8085" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus morio" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="morio">Peltonotus morio</taxonomicName>
|
|
Burmeister, 1847: 75, by monotypy.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection id="E33C38E03FF968FD031900EDFCCC75CF" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" type="valid taxa">
|
|
<paragraph id="2319A5EA149FB605BD4827142DE53409" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">Valid taxa.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="369D62A2A0883348EEC1DF8131227C53" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">25 species.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="A4F0C2C6002A5C52553248126492B014" lastPageId="57" lastPageNumber="58" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="FBAC0852179D4B49FDD896884DE2CCC1" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species are distributed throughout Southeast Asia, southern China, and the eastern portion of the Indian Subcontinent (Fig. 61).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3E21E5ABFD7647C03B9F64278860DC89" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
is currently considered the sole Asian lineage of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="08D2072FFAAFD13D8293799847F45603" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
|
|
, though its subfamilial classification has been unstable. The genus is remarkable for its confounding combination of morphological and behavioral traits that blurred the lines between historical concepts of the subfamilies
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A394FFD5024140EBD49375259E3EFF82" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Dynastinae">Dynastinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
and
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6A1FDFC07486106B6C02BD1008669367" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. For example, the sexual dimorphism of the protarsi in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="BBEF6BEAEB399A9B05E63B90F95F0934" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species has long been compared to that found in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="852716DB2E7CAD74E50BFBB8AD29CF9A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Cyclocephala" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Cyclocephala" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Cyclocephala</taxonomicName>
|
|
(e.g., see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E0703A5BD2D56CD10E282772C5127790" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="TCF Enslin, Berlin" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" title="Handbuch der Entomologie, volume 5." year="1847">Burmeister 1847</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In contrast, the labral morphology of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F3B4C6479D0B8B0BEC690C9C7ACBA833" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species matches that found in Asian parastasiine and fruhstoferiine (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="6F500B1C2E590F2DA92372980AFCB083" lsidName="" pageId="56" pageNumber="57" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
) scarabs (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="80AC934B39B178397269CD1252720A7D" author="Arrow, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="321 - 358" title="Contributions to the classification of the coleopterous family Dynastidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1908.tb02151.x" volume="1908" year="1908">Arrow 1908</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="26E15E423FD79C6DFBCE12586FABC8D5" pageId="56" pageNumber="57">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). The floral feeding behavior of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="0413A5BF4E427558BF1BFD18C488249F" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
<pageBreakToken id="FA30C0A6A207BAAF3FFBF1AA9870AFDF" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" start="start">Peltonotus</pageBreakToken>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
species on
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C5A535355252BF3236630745A6540BAD" family="Araceae" lsidName="Oryctomorphina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
is also shared between cyclocephalines and Asian parastasiines, adding a further layer of intrigue to unresolved evolutionary relationships between the groups at the subfamilial- and tribal-level (e.g., see
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="345480B843A6A4B69DD25FCF4031CEC8" author="Moore, MR" journalOrPublisher="Journal of Insect Science" pageId="80" pageNumber="81" pagination="1 - 43" title="Floral associations of cyclocephaline scarab beetles." url="https://doi.org/10.1673/031.013.10001" volume="13" year="2013">Moore and Jameson 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F46DF8E42739FA579D7BDFF051460E3B" author="Kumano-Nomura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Plant Species Biology" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="173 - 183" title="Synchronization between temporal variation in heat generation, floral scents and pollinator arrival in the beetle-pollinated tropical AraceaeHomalomenapropinqua." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00163.x" volume="21" year="2006">Kumano-Nomura and Yamaoka 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A6C944827B9B75F922CA8DCAE3A0FD75" author="Kumano-Nomura, Y" journalOrPublisher="Plant Species Biology" pageId="76" pageNumber="77" pagination="173 - 183" title="Synchronization between temporal variation in heat generation, floral scents and pollinator arrival in the beetle-pollinated tropical AraceaeHomalomenapropinqua." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1442-1984.2006.00163.x" volume="21" year="2006">Kumano-Nomura and Yamaoka 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E33DB495BF3DDDA96CB8C16EF0A351A8" author="Tung, LS" journalOrPublisher="Aroideana" pageId="88" pageNumber="89" pagination="201 - 210" title="Studies on Homalomeneae (Araceae) of Borneo VI: Homalomenagiamensis, a new species from Sarawak, Malaysian Borneo, with observations on its pollination." volume="33" year="2010">Tung et al. 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="27B6A9566235E396060DDFC18DAD414F" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biology" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="563 - 576" title="Flowering mechanisms, pollination strategies and floral scent analyses of syntopically co-flowering Homalomena spp. (Araceae) on Borneo." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12431" volume="18" year="2016">Hoe et al. 2011</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="0DE558CF4FAAD0D87DA062F54F336CF9" author="Hoe, YC" journalOrPublisher="Plant Biology" pageId="74" pageNumber="75" pagination="563 - 576" title="Flowering mechanisms, pollination strategies and floral scent analyses of syntopically co-flowering Homalomena spp. (Araceae) on Borneo." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/plb.12431" volume="18" year="2016">2016</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption id="864BB37BEEEDAA75EC793D93F408C6D3" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|
<paragraph id="39B4EFEBCD27E9B08ADA40F9A9C0B1F7" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|
Figure 61. Country-level distribution of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="720F866A60B82097D52870687B42D27A" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species in Southeast Asia, the Indian Subcontinent, and China. Numbers indicate taxa per country.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
<paragraph id="2FCC69801F0892EAC8934BA1761246C4" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="59CC5C799DB7D741BDE9C5E24CA25711" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was described by
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F59DC3806F6ABF4B3DFA049BD984EE69" author="Burmeister, H" journalOrPublisher="TCF Enslin, Berlin" pageId="66" pageNumber="67" title="Handbuch der Entomologie, volume 5." year="1847">Burmeister (1847)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
, and he included it within the
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8AD0943B4E755C694A23988A3293C4DD" family="Chalepidae" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Chalepidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
division of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="55CFD6557FF5DA765E46A29B77BC8E7E" family="Cyclocephalidae" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Cyclocephalidae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. The classification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E6FC6DE45FC21517F661FEB6B4EEE38C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
was stable until
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="F192FF2BE9D93E2AD7C4DC8893778AC3" author="Arrow, GJ" journalOrPublisher="Transactions of the Entomological Society of London" pageId="63" pageNumber="64" pagination="321 - 358" title="Contributions to the classification of the coleopterous family Dynastidae." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2311.1908.tb02151.x" volume="1908" year="1908">Arrow (1908</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A548213B261FDBCF474D9AFD55B5A39D" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1910</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) transferred the genus to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="8858437FE5C1D66718EBE0A42355D257" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
based upon the exposed (in dorsal view, produced apically beyond the clypeus) and chitinized labrum. Arrow (1917) later erected the
|
|
<normalizedToken id="051377EBE7849C47D14617E05EA1859C" originalValue="“division”">"division"</normalizedToken>
|
|
<taxonomicName id="018154F5E689C22DDF9D74721978AD03" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Peltonotini" tribe="Peltonotini">Peltonotini</taxonomicName>
|
|
for
|
|
<taxonomicName id="738EBB1B73CE2F5CD80FF7255707C01C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
within his classification of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="4B30B8A1DBBBCC21E5074FAB399DE2A2" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="7A2A5A142E0ACECB88FF5F9F34918D52" author="Ohaus, F" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogus" pageId="81" pageNumber="82" pagination="1 - 241" title="Scarabaeidae: Euchirinae, Phaenomerinae, Rutelinae." volume="20" year="1918">Ohaus (1918</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C2359EDA5C83A12952F7430A6AE942F2" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">1934b</bibRefCitation>
|
|
) and
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="BF33C589E0094E9B8845D73D3333BBBA" author="Machatschke, JW" journalOrPublisher="Coleopterorum Catalogous Supplementa" pageId="78" pageNumber="79" pagination="1 - 361" title="Scarabaeoidea: Melolonthidae, Rutelinae." volume="66" year="1972">Machatschke (1972)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
rejected
|
|
<taxonomicName id="DF87DE3E786548A9764FFCD7F5532EA5" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Peltonotini" tribe="Peltonotini">Peltonotini</taxonomicName>
|
|
and included
|
|
<taxonomicName id="F889D7743D88821B3E48FAE557711796" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
in
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3DE382A8E4C09A46622908D24078F998" lsidName="Pelidnotina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Pelidnotina">Pelidnotina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="45A52061555CABA46B635A85B65C78EB" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
|
|
) in their catalogs of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="73B0DDAE71A413B30835C4AAB099EFD1" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
. Morphological phylogenetic analysis of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3B10795ECC5FF948574E161C3BEEAD1F" lsidName="Rutelina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subtribe" subtribe="Rutelina">Rutelina</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B8656A31475263DDAC70125CA724E3CC" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Rutelinae">Rutelinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
:
|
|
<taxonomicName id="254106071AC563E94E0D8D0038CDCB89" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
|
|
) suggested that
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A48B2A14C603CC2EABF12628EE05724D" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
were more closely related to
|
|
<taxonomicName id="E7E1E41268DBFC0B8EDD27ECC23ABEEA" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
|
|
than
|
|
<taxonomicName id="2DFC9C7206253AD1C12C04D2FFE624A0" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Rutelini">Rutelini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="1A0F41912F412412B075F73E1A5787AB" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the University of Nebraska State Museum" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 184" title="Phylogenetic analysis of the subtribe Rutelina and revision of the Rutela generic groups (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Rutelinae: Rutelini)." volume="14" year="1998">Jameson 1998</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). Subsequent works on the genus have treated
|
|
<taxonomicName id="CB13D8ED399B46156E9BFB6A33194EC6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
as a member of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="96BC37660B8596074F1910E85F4E9F75" lsidName="" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="tribe" tribe="Cyclocephalini">Cyclocephalini</taxonomicName>
|
|
(
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="A0FF905E40C743C0DDBD5DF33FDFC010" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 66" title="Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.502.1.1" volume="502" year="2004">Jameson and Wada 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="6C4C8CC18705A0FF42D7FDE954834614" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Insecta Mundi" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 16" title="Five new species of Peltonotus Burmeister (Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae: Cyclocephalini) from Southeast Asia." volume="0102" year="2009">2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="C4D28C7E0B335F312239AF8BBEBFFEBD" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="141 - 152" title="Synopsis of the aroid scarabs in the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae, Cyclocephalini) from Sumatra and descriptions of a new species." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.34.302" volume="34" year="2010">
|
|
Jameson and
|
|
<normalizedToken id="E79B2FD70BBF70E60DF0BB27B0A9A08A" originalValue="Jákl">Jakl</normalizedToken>
|
|
2010
|
|
</bibRefCitation>
|
|
,
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="143BCA841AB6643CBFBA304550FA54B1" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="ZooKeys" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="63 - 95" title="Aroid scarabs in the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera, Scarabaeidae, Dynastinae): key to species and new distributional data." url="https://doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.320.5352" volume="320" year="2013">Jameson and Drumont 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="703E71170A4D6E5BD035686E29FE4592" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|
Little is known about the biology and natural history of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="3DBCA35793F040E1DD2F24B50A8B1AB6" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species. The immatures are undescribed. Adults are attracted to lights at night (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="09EEEC2BE4F766C7967A112DBE599A51" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 66" title="Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.502.1.1" volume="502" year="2004">Jameson and Wada 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="B3B71D7F20237A2D4EE2867C1EE55D20" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus malayensis" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="malayensis">Peltonotus malayensis</taxonomicName>
|
|
Arrow was collected from the spathes of
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C315662B726D0289A8A51161A89B7C83" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Epipremnum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Epipremnum falcifolium" order="Alismatales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="falcifolium">Epipremnum falcifolium</taxonomicName>
|
|
Engl. (
|
|
<taxonomicName id="C15D43B824CBA6D3684047CC459A1F4D" family="Araceae" lsidName="Rutelina" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="family">Araceae</taxonomicName>
|
|
), where males and females were observed mating and feeding (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="AACDA5DD69CB91FDB247F50EA0A2CA10" author="Jameson, ML" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="75" pageNumber="76" pagination="1 - 66" title="Revision of the genus Peltonotus Burmeister (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Dynastinae) from Southeastern Asia." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.502.1.1" volume="502" year="2004">Jameson and Wada 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
|
). In Thailand,
|
|
<taxonomicName id="D35347B02716CE8D7311542883E3ED74" lsidName="P. nasutus" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" rank="species" species="nasutus">P. nasutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
visit the large inflorescences of the terrestrial aroid
|
|
<taxonomicName id="80C87C42538470BB236E70D432FCA234" class="Liliopsida" family="Araceae" genus="Amorphophallus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Amorphophallus paeoniifolius" order="Alismatales" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="paeoniifolius">Amorphophallus paeoniifolius</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Dennst.) Nicolson, where adult beetles feed and mate (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="712D721374298B5E5350D8FFC2F1D0FA" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">Grimm 2009</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
<taxonomicName id="A83B9FB395DAAAAA622BF3300B9FF66C" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus nasutus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="nasutus">Peltonotus nasutus</taxonomicName>
|
|
can be attracted to the inflorescences in high numbers (over 70 individuals) (
|
|
<bibRefCitation id="E7C89F942EBD8027E8B42C5447D9E0B3" author="Danell, E" journalOrPublisher="Revista Brasileira de Entomologia" pageId="67" pageNumber="68" url="http://dokmaidogma.wordpress.com/2010/05/27/amorphophallus-and-its-edible-beetles/" year="2010">Danell 2010</bibRefCitation>
|
|
).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph id="921B0DB63E41DBC46B8F114794217924" pageId="57" pageNumber="58">
|
|
<taxonomicName id="776DD220BA147C94DC76381818B97E96" class="Insecta" family="Scarabaeidae" genus="Peltonotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Peltonotus" order="Coleoptera" pageId="57" pageNumber="58" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Peltonotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
species can be recognized by the following combination of characters: 1) dorsal coloration brown to black with variable presence of maculae; 2) body convex, not dorsoventrally flattened; 3) clypeal apex rounded to straight in dorsal view; 4) frontoclypeal suture incomplete medially; 5) apical margin of mentum variably shaped with weak emargination; 6) anterolateral margin of mandible lacking tooth; 7) mandibular molar area with rows of circular micropunctures; 8) galea of maxilla not strongly dorsoventrally flattened; 9) galea of the maxilla on inner surface with 3 fused basal teeth, a free median tooth, and 2 fused apical teeth (3-1-2 arrangement); 10) galea with articulated medial tooth; 11) labrum extending apically beyond clypeal apex (obvious in dorsal view); 12) apical and basal margins of pronotum with beaded margin complete or incomplete at middle; 13) protibia of males with 2 or 3 teeth, females with 3 teeth; 14) protibial spur straight to weakly reflexed; 15) males with inner protarsal claw thickened and not cleft at apex (nib variably present or absent); 16) mesocoxae not widely separated, nearly touching; 17) metacoxae with lateral edge perpendicular to ventral surface; 18) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge lacking membranous border; 19) anterior edge of hindwing distal to apical hinge with row of long setae extending from apical hinge along length of the costal vein; 20) vein RA with single row of pegs proximal to apical hinge.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |