339 lines
34 KiB
XML
339 lines
34 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107700" ID-GBIF-Dataset="1012f010-a62e-4edf-8d6f-591c0e623436" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7746501" approvalRequired="1" approvalRequired_for_document="1" checkinTime="1679073196832" checkinUser="juliana" docAuthor="Das, Sunandan, Greenbaum, Eli, Meiri, Shai, Bauer, Aaron M., Burbrink, Frank T., Raxworthy, Christopher J., Weinell, Jeffrey L., Brown, Rafe M., Brecko, Jonathan, Pauwels, Olivier S. G., Rabibisoa, Nirhy, Raselimanana, Achille P. & Merila, Juha" docDate="2023" docId="3F5B87E27E7CFFE1FCF3FC7BFF13FAC5" docLanguage="en" docName="MolPhylogenetEvol.180.1-11.pdf" docOrigin="Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 180" docTitle="Micrelapidae Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila 2023, new family" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="9" masterDocId="C362FF9A7E7BFFE9FFA2FF8FFFEFFFC7" masterDocTitle="Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family" masterLastPageNumber="11" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="8" updateTime="1679074522637" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CC-BY-4.0">
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<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Ultraconserved elements-based phylogenomic systematics of the snake superfamily Elapoidea, with the description of a new Afro-Asian family</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Das, Sunandan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Greenbaum, Eli</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Meiri, Shai</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Bauer, Aaron M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Burbrink, Frank T.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raxworthy, Christopher J.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Weinell, Jeffrey L.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brown, Rafe M.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Brecko, Jonathan</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Pauwels, Olivier S. G.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Rabibisoa, Nirhy</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Raselimanana, Achille P.</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:name type="personal">
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<mods:role>
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<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
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</mods:role>
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<mods:namePart>Merila, Juha</mods:namePart>
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</mods:name>
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<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:relatedItem type="host">
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<mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:title>Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution</mods:title>
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</mods:titleInfo>
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<mods:part>
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<mods:date>2023</mods:date>
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<mods:detail type="pubDate">
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<mods:number>2022-12-29</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:detail type="volume">
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<mods:number>180</mods:number>
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</mods:detail>
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<mods:extent unit="page">
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<mods:start>1</mods:start>
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<mods:end>11</mods:end>
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</mods:extent>
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</mods:part>
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</mods:relatedItem>
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<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier type="DOI">10.1016/j.ympev.2022.107700</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="GBIF-Dataset">1012f010-a62e-4edf-8d6f-591c0e623436</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier type="Zenodo-Dep">7746501</mods:identifier>
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</mods:mods>
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<treatment ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746475" ID-Zenodo-Dep="7746475" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3F5B87E27E7CFFE1FCF3FC7BFF13FAC5" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3F5B87E27E7CFFE1FCF3FC7BFF13FAC5" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<subSubSection box="[849,1091,1012,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" box="[849,1091,1012,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<heading bold="true" box="[849,1091,1012,1033]" fontSize="8" level="1" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" reason="6">
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<taxonomicName authority="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila, 2023" authorityName="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila" authorityYear="2023" box="[849,971,1012,1033]" family="Micrelapidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family" status="new family">Micrelapidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[978,1085,1013,1033]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[978,1085,1013,1033]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">new family</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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.
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="type_taxon">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" box="[849,1207,1041,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus box="[849,895,1041,1061]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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genus:
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<taxonomicName authority="Boettger, 1880" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[969,1203,1041,1061]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[969,1054,1042,1061]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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Boettger, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" box="[849,1296,1069,1089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<typeStatus box="[849,895,1069,1089]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Type</typeStatus>
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species:
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<taxonomicName authority="Boettger, 1880" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[980,1292,1069,1089]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[980,1143,1070,1089]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps muelleri</emphasis>
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Boettger, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="etymology">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Etymology: Boettger (Bottger ¨) did not give the etymology for the generic nomen but was almost certainly from the Latin adjective micro-, derived from the Greek mikros (small), and elaps, the Latinised form of the Greek noun´ellops or´elaps (literally sea-fish or serpent, but here in reference to the snake genus
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1101,1148,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Elaps</emphasis>
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, now a synonym of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Jan" authorityYear="1858" box="[1349,1473,1209,1228]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Homoroselaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1349,1473,1209,1228]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Homoroselaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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<taxonomicName authority="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila, 2023" authorityName="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila" authorityYear="2023" box="[818,940,1235,1256]" family="Micrelapidae" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Micrelapidae</taxonomicName>
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[945,1037,1236,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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<taxonomicNameLabel box="[945,1037,1236,1256]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" rank="family">fam. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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is derived from
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[1189,1274,1237,1256]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1189,1274,1237,1256]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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by the taking the stem elap- of the root word of the nomen.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Content:
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<taxonomicName authority="Boettger, 1880" authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[943,1275,1292,1312]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="muelleri">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[943,1112,1293,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps muelleri</emphasis>
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Boettger, 1880
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Sternfeld, 1908" authorityName="Sternfeld" authorityYear="1908" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bicoloratus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1291,1487,1293,1312]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps bicoloratus</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Sternfeld, R." bookContentInfo="Schlangen aus Sud-Abessinien" box="[818,963,1319,1340]" journalOrPublisher="Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="239 - 247" part="4" refId="ref14201" refString="Sternfeld, R., 1908. Zur Schlangenfauna Ostafrikas. I. Schlangen aus Sud-Abessinien. Mitt. Zool. Mus. Berlin 4, 239 - 247." title="Zur Schlangenfauna Ostafrikas. I" type="book" year="1908">Sternfeld, 1908</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Mocquard, 1888" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[976,1304,1319,1340]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vaillanti">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[976,1141,1321,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps vaillanti</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mocquard, F." box="[1148,1304,1319,1340]" journalOrPublisher="M´emoires Publies par la Soci´ete´ Philomathique a l' occasion du Centenaire de sa fondation" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="109 - 134" part="1788" refId="ref12923" refString="Mocquard, F., 1888. Sur une collection de Reptiles et de Batraciens rapport´es des Pays Comalis et de Zanzibar par M. G. R´evoil. M´emoires Publies par la Soci´ete´ Philomathique a l' occasion du Centenaire de sa fondation 1788 - 1888, 109 - 134." title="Sur une collection de Reptiles et de Batraciens rapport´es des Pays Comalis et de Zanzibar par M. G. R´evoil" type="journal article" year="1888">Mocquard, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<taxonomicName authority="Mocquard, 1888" authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="revoili">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1317,1487,1321,1340]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachyophis revoili</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation author="Mocquard, F." box="[818,973,1347,1368]" journalOrPublisher="M´emoires Publies par la Soci´ete´ Philomathique a l' occasion du Centenaire de sa fondation" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" pagination="109 - 134" part="1788" refId="ref12923" refString="Mocquard, F., 1888. Sur une collection de Reptiles et de Batraciens rapport´es des Pays Comalis et de Zanzibar par M. G. R´evoil. M´emoires Publies par la Soci´ete´ Philomathique a l' occasion du Centenaire de sa fondation 1788 - 1888, 109 - 134." title="Sur une collection de Reptiles et de Batraciens rapport´es des Pays Comalis et de Zanzibar par M. G. R´evoil" type="journal article" year="1888">Mocquard, 1888</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Diagnosis and definition: In the crania of
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[1245,1330,1376,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1245,1330,1376,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[1378,1487,1376,1395]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1378,1487,1376,1395]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachyophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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we examined the ectopterygoid was laterally and medially expanded at the point of contact with the pterygoid, with this expansion not being contiguous with the ectopterygoid anterolateral and anteromedial lobes (
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<figureCitation box="[826,879,1487,1507]" captionStart="Fig" captionStartId="6.[100,130,850,867]" captionTargetBox="[170,1417,148,822]" captionTargetId="figure-705@6.[170,1417,148,822]" captionTargetPageId="6" captionText="Fig. 4. A. Dorsal, B, lateral and C. ventral view of the skull of Micrelaps muelleri (SMNH.R 17777). D. Ectopterygoid of the same specimen in ventral view. E. Ventral and F. lateral views of the palatomaxillary arch." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7746509" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/7746509/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
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, Supplementary material fig. 53, 54). The lateral expansion is a posterolaterally and somewhat ventrally directed, very prominent protuberance continuous with a ridge on the ventral surface of the pterygoid. This character state was not present in any other cranium we examined and is very likely a synapomorphy of the family.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph blockId="7.[818,1489,1012,1982]" lastBlockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" lastPageId="8" lastPageNumber="9" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">
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Other common cranial characters include a premaxilla adapted for a fossorial lifestyle, premaxillary transverse processes closely approaching the maxilla, a short maxilla with ascending processes abutting the prefrontal, well-developed, grooved fangs below the orbit, preceded by a diastema and 2 – 3 teeth, an ectopterygoid deeply forked into anterolateral and anteromedial lobes that articulate with maxillary ectopterygoid processes leaving a foramen in the middle, prefrontal and parietal supraorbital processes laterally bordering the frontal and almost meeting each other, a tendency towards fusion of cranial bones (especially because the supratemporal is absent, very likely fused to the quadrate in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[939,1048,1906,1925]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[939,1048,1906,1925]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachyophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and to posterior chondrocranial elements in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[818,903,1934,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[818,903,1934,1953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), and a short quadrate.
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[1128,1237,1934,1953]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="7" pageNumber="8" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[1128,1237,1934,1953]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">Brachyophis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, however, differs from the
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<typeStatus box="[818,859,1962,1982]" pageId="7" pageNumber="8">type</typeStatus>
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genus in possessing a postorbital (versus postorbital absent in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[100,185,147,166]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[100,185,147,166]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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), dorsolateral adductor ridges on the parietal (versus a single sagittal ridge in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[262,347,175,194]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[262,347,175,194]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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), only a faint pseudocoronoid ridge on the dentary (versus a prominent process in
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<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[474,559,203,222]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis bold="true" box="[474,559,203,222]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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).
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||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Scalation characters that are common in both genera include 1 nasal, 7 supralabials, 15 smooth dorsal scale rows, absence of a loreal, 2 anal shields. Ventrals range from 170 to 280 and subcaudals (paired)
|
||
<quantity metricMagnitude="-1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="6.096" metricValueMax="8.128" metricValueMin="4.064" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" unit="in" value="24.0" valueMax="32.0" valueMin="16.0">16 – 32 in</quantity>
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[124,209,315,334]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[124,209,315,334]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." bookContentInfo="Trustees of the British Museum, London" box="[224,382,313,334]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref10132" refString="Boulenger, G. A., 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III, containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London." title="Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Volume III, containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Witte, G. - F. & Laurent, R." box="[390,654,313,334]" journalOrPublisher="Mus. R. His. Nat. Belg." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 134" part="29" refId="ref10787" refString="de Witte, G. - F., Laurent, R., 1947. R´evision d' un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. M´em. Mus. R. His. Nat. Belg. 29, 1 - 134." title="R´evision d' un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. M´em" type="journal article" year="1947">De Witte and Laurent, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Rasmussen, J. B." journalOrPublisher="Tropical Zoology" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="71 - 87" part="15" refId="ref13719" refString="Rasmussen, J. B., 2002. A review of the African members of the genus Micrelaps Boettger 1880 (Serpentes Atractaspididae). Tropical Zoology 15, 71 - 87." title="A review of the African members of the genus Micrelaps Boettger 1880 (Serpentes Atractaspididae)" type="journal article" year="2002">Rasmussen, 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Werner, Y. L. & Babocsay, G. & Carmely, H. & Thuna, M." box="[160,345,341,362]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. Middle East" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="29 - 48" part="38" refId="ref14763" refString="Werner, Y. L., Babocsay, G., Carmely, H., Thuna, M., 2006. Micrelaps in the southern Levant: variation, sexual dimorphism, and a new species (Serpentes: Atractaspididae). Zool. Middle East 38, 29 - 48." title="Micrelaps in the southern Levant: variation, sexual dimorphism, and a new species (Serpentes: Atractaspididae)" type="journal article" year="2006">Werner et al., 2006</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Spawls, S. & Howell, K. & Hinkel, H. & Menegon, M." bookContentInfo="Bloomsbury Wildlife, London" box="[353,530,341,362]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref14164" refString="Spawls, S., Howell, K., Hinkel, H., Menegon, M., 2018. Field Guide to East African Reptiles, second edition. Bloomsbury Wildlife, London." title="Field Guide to East African Reptiles, second edition" type="book" year="2018">Spawls et al., 2018</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). In
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[574,683,343,362]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[574,683,343,362]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachyophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, ventrals range from 103 to 123 and subcaudals (single) 8 – 14 (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="de Witte, G. - F. & Laurent, R." journalOrPublisher="Mus. R. His. Nat. Belg." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="1 - 134" part="29" refId="ref10787" refString="de Witte, G. - F., Laurent, R., 1947. R´evision d' un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. M´em. Mus. R. His. Nat. Belg. 29, 1 - 134." title="R´evision d' un groupe de Colubridae africains: genres Calamelaps, Miodon, Aparallactus et formes affines. M´em" type="journal article" year="1947">De Witte and Laurent, 1947</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Lanza, B." box="[245,359,397,418]" journalOrPublisher="Monit. Zool. Ital." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="30 - 48" part="74" refId="ref12075" refString="Lanza, B., 1966. Il genere Brachyophis e descrizione di una nuova forma (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae). Monit. Zool. Ital. 74, 30 - 48." title="Il genere Brachyophis e descrizione di una nuova forma (Reptilia, Serpentes, Colubridae)" type="journal article" year="1966">Lanza, 1966</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[379,488,398,417]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[379,488,398,417]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachyophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
has a large, azygous occipital shield (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Boulenger, G. A." bookContentInfo="Trustees of the British Museum, London" box="[171,326,425,446]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref10132" refString="Boulenger, G. A., 1896. Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History). Volume III, containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae. Trustees of the British Museum, London." title="Catalogue of the Snakes in the British Museum (Natural History)." type="book chapter" volumeTitle="Volume III, containing the Colubridae (Opisthoglyphae and Proteroglyphae), Amblycephalidae, and Viperidae" year="1896">Boulenger, 1896</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[132,217,454,473]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[132,217,454,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[262,371,454,473]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[262,371,454,473]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachyophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
possess a rectal caecum and a short genital sinus in the female, two soft tissue traits used to cluster these two genera by
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Underwood, G. & Kochva, E." box="[130,426,508,529]" journalOrPublisher="Zool. J. Linn. Soc." pageId="8" pageNumber="9" pagination="3 - 64" part="107" refId="ref14528" refString="Underwood, G., Kochva, E., 1993. On the affinities of the burrowing asps Atractaspis (Serpentes: Atractaspididae). Zool. J. Linn. Soc. 107, 3 - 64." title="On the affinities of the burrowing asps Atractaspis (Serpentes: Atractaspididae)" type="journal article" year="1993">Underwood and Kochva (1993)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[263,401,537,557]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[263,348,538,557]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in eastern and northeastern Africa and western Asia.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[423,532,566,585]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[423,532,566,585]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachyophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to Somalia in north-eastern Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Distribution:
|
||
<taxonomicName box="[263,401,621,641]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[263,348,622,641]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
spp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is distributed in eastern and northeastern Africa and western Asia.
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Mocquard" authorityYear="1888" box="[423,532,649,668]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Brachyophis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[423,532,649,668]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Brachyophis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is limited to Somalia in north-eastern Africa.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection pageId="8" pageNumber="9" type="discussion">
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
Remarks:
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Geniez, P." bookContentInfo="Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford" box="[225,357,704,725]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11129" refString="Geniez, P., 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford." title="Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide" type="book" year="2018">Geniez (2018)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
commented that
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[520,605,705,724]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[520,605,705,724]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
“could constitute a separate family within its own right, that of Micrelapsidae”.
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bar, A. & Haimovitch, G. & Meiri, S." bookContentInfo="Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref9925" refString="Bar, A., Haimovitch, G., Meiri, S., 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of, Israel. Edition. Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main." title="Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of, Israel. Edition" type="book" year="2021">Bar et al. (2021)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
likewise wrote that “.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph blockId="8.[100,771,146,1282]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">
|
||
The actual placement of the genus [
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[481,566,789,808]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[481,566,789,808]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
] is often poorly supported within studies and inconsistent across them. We suspect it will soon be placed in its own family — as is the norm in taxonomy these days. We predict this family, containing a single genus (
|
||
<taxonomicName authorityName="Boettger" authorityYear="1880" box="[628,713,873,892]" class="Reptilia" family="Lamprophiidae" genus="Micrelaps" kingdom="Animalia" order="Squamata" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis bold="true" box="[628,713,873,892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">Micrelaps</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), will be called
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila, 2023" authorityName="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila" authorityYear="2023" box="[192,318,899,920]" family="Micrelapidae" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Micrelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
.”. However, these authors did not explicitly express that they are erecting a new family for these snakes. Rather, it was a suggestion about what should/could be done. It therefore is not in accordance with Article 16.1 and Recommendation 16A of The Code (
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="ICZN & International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature" box="[108,217,1011,1031]" journalOrPublisher="International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11608" refString="ICZN (International Commission on Zoological Nomenclature), 1999. International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition. International Trust for Zoological Nomenclature, London." title="International Code of Zoological Nomenclature, fourth edition" type="book" year="1999">
|
||
<collectionCode box="[108,159,1011,1031]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">ICZN</collectionCode>
|
||
, 1999
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). They also did not also provide characters for the express purpose of differentiating or diagnosing “Micrelapsidae” or “
|
||
<taxonomicName authority="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila, 2023" authorityName="Das & Greenbaum & Meiri & Bauer & Burbrink & Raxworthy & Weinell & Brown & Brecko & Pauwels & Rabibisoa & Raselimanana & Merila" authorityYear="2023" family="Micrelapidae" pageId="8" pageNumber="8" rank="family" status="fam. nov.">Micrelapidae</taxonomicName>
|
||
”, nor did they cite a work containing the same (again, very likely because a nomenclatural act presumably was not the intention of
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Geniez, P." bookContentInfo="Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref11129" refString="Geniez, P., 2018. Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide. Princeton University Press, Princeton and Oxford." title="Snakes of Europe, North Africa and the Middle East: A Photographic Guide" type="book" year="2018">Geniez [2018]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and it was not the intention of
|
||
<collectionCode box="[468,501,1123,1143]" pageId="8" pageNumber="9">SM</collectionCode>
|
||
, who wrote this in
|
||
<bibRefCitation author="Bar, A. & Haimovitch, G. & Meiri, S." bookContentInfo="Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main" pageId="8" pageNumber="9" refId="ref9925" refString="Bar, A., Haimovitch, G., Meiri, S., 2021. Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of, Israel. Edition. Chimaira, Frankfurt Am Main." title="Field guide to the amphibians and reptiles of, Israel. Edition" type="book" year="2021">Bar et al. [2021]</bibRefCitation>
|
||
either) and this contravenes Articles 13.1.1, 13.1.2 and Recommendation 13A of The Code. Hence, we regard the nomen “Micrelapsidae” as unavailable. The ZooBank LSID for this taxonomic action is urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:D8475246-AD8E-4886-AB55- 12F6F242E9C4.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |