476 lines
58 KiB
XML
476 lines
58 KiB
XML
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<mods:title id="71039D2D09DAA70988DA1618143EEC63">New species in the sponge genus Tsitsikamma (Poecilosclerida, Latrunculiidae) from South Africa</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="C2738862BA7A7935A936235CDFDA8B83">Parker-Nance, Shirley</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="F5A6A20B199827C86D1CA7214389803D">Hilliar, Storm</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="9C4243B125645EB79B25EE701B30391D">Waterworth, Samantha</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="D178CC9D27352A6EEBCC0323CC925C8A">Walmsley, Tara</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="3634EF22180F8F2956C143D331EE3BC4">Dorrington, Rosemary</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="9FFFC14A5C5D72E7AB16237C5377951C">2019</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1EC9B433D34E0ADD5D4225BA96D41DAB">874</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="D3EBCEAD7BB88352C3D80975A79B6210">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="7EB28A06C2ADB72DC8C2E9BD625C78E3" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.874.32268</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="393F09281322544FB17EACAE35B4E6D2" ID-GBIF-Taxon="159413163" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:393F09281322544FB17EACAE35B4E6D2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/393F09281322544FB17EACAE35B4E6D2" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" scope_class="Demospongiae" scope_family="Latrunculiidae" scope_order="Poecilosclerida">
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<subSubSection id="7D436A349D4F2317A5F4A6ED50821DE5" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5A75F590528668857332F7E4A25EF112" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="C36A572CD1D26244DC2DE16ED20EB1D5" ID-CoL="86XCX" LSID="393F09281322544FB17EACAE35B4E6D2" authority="Samaai & Kelly, 2002" authorityName="Samaai & Kelly" authorityYear="2002" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">Tsitsikamma favus Samaai & Kelly, 2002</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="92077FC5915DD9F7828F18BAB66C0DF1" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
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Figure 1
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<normalizedToken id="3D2B0462E73666B6247C9FEC460BCEB1" originalValue="a–p">a-p</normalizedToken>
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</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="4342AC6F996FDF6E89705020242C2A6B" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="reference_group">
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<paragraph id="8F46D8F8BB8C9616DA9213CC4D76D014" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<taxonomicName id="93A19AD2081B6E8196AD132A852A8031" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">Tsitsikamma favus</taxonomicName>
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Samaai & Kelly, 2002: 718, fig. 6
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<normalizedToken id="268C78FD58C1B23A491B32C5A8437304" originalValue="A–G">A-G</normalizedToken>
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. Samaai, Gibbons, Kelly & Davies-Coleman, 2003: 19.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="74BB8B2A78814031350BEDC65D0AF189" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="type locality">
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<paragraph id="8CA5D372F6DE5C9B23054902896968BC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Type locality.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="3218E818846155BA1C5602567BE16B81" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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Western Cape Province, Garden Route National Park,
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<taxonomicName id="067D302F6740E9F9CBC7B26E80B7A702" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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, Rheeders Reef, South Africa.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="CD6D27CCBBFE66EBEDA43A1F335AC82A" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="type material">
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<paragraph id="D3AB86765992CE654E650CA4B72D0536" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Type material.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="63A358CE4F5E7008A7D4363E5E97DD42" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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<emphasis id="1050D1CA7FD767434AF069D854D1D1C6" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Holotype.</emphasis>
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- NHMUK 1997.7.3.2: Rheeders Reef;
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<taxonomicName id="BCD8B8BF43C6B5285DDAFE612D2BCAD0" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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MPA, Eastern Cape Province, Garden Route National Park,
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<geoCoordinate id="D9616204C9DBDE3ACF3D6E066F1AC01E" degrees="34.166667" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.166668">-34.166667</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="9FC9128B585584AF5EB254776F3B1BEA" degrees="23.90000" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.9">23.90000</geoCoordinate>
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, 22 m, collector Philip Coetzee, 1995 (
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<bibRefCitation id="FDDF76BCFB68588FD452F207D022B934" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
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).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="B140DB8881F96990C8075D261C512506" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="EA5FB6808DFFE7BEC444A11A3AF551F6" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Material examined.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="E9501A42ECD1F1F4649D959A590D39CC" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
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SAIAB 141112: The Knoll,
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<taxonomicName id="AE0836D27D3B1249AA7C3C9E175574C4" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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MPA, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="3812BA35D01E7350A6FC0BAC1E70AE69" degrees="34.02555" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02555">-34.02555</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6F89993DC208BE6C9DEE6D1ACC13474C" degrees="23.90708" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.90708">23.90708</geoCoordinate>
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, 18 m depth, collected by Colin Buxton, 2 May 1993, three specimens; SAIAB 207166, SAIAB 207167: Rheeders Reef,
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<taxonomicName id="E2EE596F365C916A4ACCCB36D770DDE0" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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MPA, Garden Route National Park, Western Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="F000D573947895AAF97EE5F0C8A7131A" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="89714544F8F9F196CE9F1F0A1B1103E0" degrees="25.81663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81663">25.81663</geoCoordinate>
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, 25-30 m depth, 25 May 1994, collected by John Allen and Steve Brower, nine specimens; SAIAB 141356: Rheeders Reef,
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<taxonomicName id="12318CD30067945334C55913C14BAE82" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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MPA, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province, 22 m depth, 18 March 1995 collected by Rob Palmer, Brad
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<normalizedToken id="CF43E4AF90A0A84B44E4F7663CF3AA69" originalValue="Carté">Carte</normalizedToken>
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and Philip Coetzee, two specimens (material collected at same locality and time as type material); SAIAB 207168: Rheeders Reef,
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<taxonomicName id="64E700D6E0EBD61C7E00CE58D8298C24" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
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MPA, Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province, 30 m depth, 25 May 1994, collected by John Allen and Steve Brower; SAIAB 207172 and SAIAB 207174: RIY Bank, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province, 28 m depth, 23 February 1999, collected by Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau (CRRF); SAIAB 207175: Whitesands Reef, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province, 20 m depth, 18 May 2001; SAIAB 103531: Whitesands Reef, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="1E18CC9EB31BFB2E30488766B509A323" degrees="33.99980" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.9998">-33.99980</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="FA2FAEA5D6CC9013C05D3037369AE8EB" degrees="25.70842" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.70842">25.70842</geoCoordinate>
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, 15 m depth, 20 March 2002, collected by Scripps; SAIAB 207176, SAIAB 207221, SAIAB 207222, SAIAB 207223, SAIAB 207224, SAIAB 207225, SAIAB 207226, and SAIAB 207227: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="9BB4F14371AE2A57D39D87B6B1D99BFD" degrees="33.84297" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84297">-33.84297</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="51E5B20DC8199F1120CA265929186F90" degrees="25.81647" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81647">25.81647</geoCoordinate>
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, 25-30 m depth, 15 May 2009; SAIAB 207177: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="A761160BEBD29B37F2A4100EB3438B0E" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3D0B5054779D82647B7A81974B3468BD" degrees="25.81663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.81663">25.81663</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 m depth, May 2009; SAIAB 207217 and SAIAB 207218: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="97241594A83C577C3856A03A501F0055" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6148B4E6E07CA36D4918284EA66A02DC" degrees="25.31663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.31663">25.31663</geoCoordinate>
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, 25-33 m depth, 10 October 2010; SAIAB 207179, SAIAB 207180, SAIAB 207184, SAIAB 207185, SAIAB 207186, SAIAB 207187, and SAIAB 207188: RIY Banks, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="D929F8A4E360E272420C855F398E855C" degrees="33.98868" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.98868">-33.98868</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="6344E409B494DC8742B194FB58E4D840" degrees="25.86553" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.86553">25.86553</geoCoordinate>
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, 25-30 m depth, 14 December 2012; SAIAB 207189: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="C7EC5CCC1CAE72160CD5B3550A63716C" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="3A62D21343EAD1F06E3F9750F7BABF61" degrees="25.316633" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.316633">25.316633</geoCoordinate>
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, August 2014, 22-30 m depth, 10 specimens; SAIAB 207190 and SAIAB 207228: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="16D4FC65B36AC2208E72F1AC0B637404" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="377CE4785225A13B9960B9612C7455D2" degrees="25.31663" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.31663">25.31663</geoCoordinate>
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, 30 m depth, 6 September 2015; SAIAB 207192: Evans Peak, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="DC4278F9A00F0A1ACF078D53C95FEE99" degrees="33.84548" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.84548">-33.84548</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="63891DC28722904837489A030AEE7F04" degrees="25.3166315" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.316631">25.3166315</geoCoordinate>
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, 20 m depth, 2 June 2016, collected by Thomas Bornman, Shaun Deyzel, and Shirley Parker-Nance, several specimens; SAIAB 207193: Shark Alley, Bell Buoy Reef, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
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<geoCoordinate id="7E17C9069752DF741889FFDE9A187693" degrees="33.98248" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.98248">-33.98248</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="1B3B756D679AA4BCD6E0CD44DC8B4FC6" degrees="25.69430" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.6943">25.69430</geoCoordinate>
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, 9-10 m depth, 5 June 2016.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
|
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<subSubSection id="8CFA95CF8BF4961A488361788689349E" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="95ACB8D13782CFC32938B71BAB20B540" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Additional material.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="00E723192F41C79962DB2D92732A84C0" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
CASIZ 300636: White Sands Reef, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="05A6EA3123A80CA310D93D786CFE1895" degrees="33.99537" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.99537">-33.99537</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0C901CA702D74D00A61F140C5DB71F89" degrees="25.70790" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.7079">25.70790</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 14 m, 14 February 1999, collected by Coral Reef Research Foundation, Koror, Palau CRRF, identified by Michelle Kelly, National Institute of Water and Atmosphere, Auckland (NIWA); CASIZ 300535: Table Top Reef, Algoa Bay, Eastern Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="A025B8D58274A63FD3929A7484C13600" degrees="33.98067" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-33.98067">-33.98067</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB57B0F1C28B83C0B793FBE1AAC9B872" degrees="25.69367" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="25.69367">25.69367</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 16 m, 4 October 1998, collected by CRRF, identified by Michelle Kelly, NIWA; CASIZ 301054: Grootbank Reef, Plettenberg Bay, Western Cape Province,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="50880DF651B7E727608F7983F6B215C8" degrees="34.00765" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.00765">-34.00765</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F1AB9DA609A916F2FF1C37D1592CDF20" degrees="23.49647" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.49647">23.49647</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 10-13 m, 22 March 2000, collected by CRRF, identified by Michelle Kelly, NIWA.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FCD23A2AA6D6912A784B52CF035E71D2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="3FD11BB0DEC4D16C1AC4171834A24FA1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Diagnosis</emphasis>
|
||
(emended from
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="51033BFDDD9C8344C0DE5DEADD8BB0A0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Large, firm, dark brown hemi-spherical to thick encrusting sponges, up to 15 cm high and 20 cm in diameter, sessile with a large area of attachment. Surface smooth and firm although undulant presenting a folded or bumpy appearance in some specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="3990A06FDAE7B5EFEB5799662E62AEAD" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="2C598DF0CD12B2E80E02AD29249566A0" originalValue="a–c">a-c</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
), only slightly to moderately compressible, resilient and leathery. Surface with large single to multichambered cylindrical lance-shaped oscula, and pedunculate cauliform areolate porefields, colour in life is light to dark brown or liver brown.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="7055276BF18917FDE7365EC01B3A6265" doi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="Figure 1" startId="F1">
|
||
<paragraph id="A09A920B7EDC4142B680C3E8FFDC4A83" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="E97281F5962F8DC2F0BC3020AC482F83" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Figure 1.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9C3D3476F3DA25FA7180AB1B3FBEEC2E" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="AAE4B7ACDC6A257F56E7EDDF87566C59" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
<emphasis id="59FF5013BEAD9E00A6FC4A62ADBFCE90" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">a</emphasis>
|
||
in situ SAIAB 207193
|
||
<emphasis id="00DA17DCF9CD371C70F45307E046DED6" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">b</emphasis>
|
||
collected specimens SAIAB 207193
|
||
<emphasis id="75B0D61E4D30FC97E9CF613B2F57116A" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">c</emphasis>
|
||
collected SAF1995-001
|
||
<emphasis id="439C8A69C6B3F189A9FD0F8F1554EE27" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">d</emphasis>
|
||
section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356
|
||
<emphasis id="F960FB19B8FE9DC46389E90091790C9F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">e</emphasis>
|
||
isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome
|
||
<emphasis id="B65DF4C322E76F59D671B0309D3BCF7F" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">f</emphasis>
|
||
section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356
|
||
<emphasis id="9D7AD8C4AF88E09409F21C51B8B00C8B" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">g, h</emphasis>
|
||
thin sinuous style
|
||
<emphasis id="AFDC078CBBF464C0415C8071908718C1" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">i</emphasis>
|
||
large sinuous centrally thickened style
|
||
<emphasis id="24A8E597B4D13A7AAA39E841B9795076" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">j</emphasis>
|
||
occasionally tylote styles
|
||
<emphasis id="0E2C742E6B44A679F0C5D3835E419B7A" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">k</emphasis>
|
||
rare short thick strongyles
|
||
<emphasis id="0022B944B5F0C609BF0EDFB386869D9E" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="C2E32EB7084B8CF85F0BBA0FF2004765" originalValue="l–o">l-o</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM
|
||
<emphasis id="75E97C33D0071C9EAA415D984E3B3C25" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">p</emphasis>
|
||
acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="EAF52F146D983C3838EA06DEFE5EE0FD" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">b, c</emphasis>
|
||
); 1 cm (
|
||
<emphasis id="F2CC36F569A76C8F7C39C5D579356CBD" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">d)</emphasis>
|
||
; 1 mm (
|
||
<emphasis id="213D273647BA01282D90C7FAD54818DB" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">f)</emphasis>
|
||
; 100
|
||
<normalizedToken id="7D7BADCF97F2E33A31C2670FA5CCBD19" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="3EC9EEBC7FD822DB60E2E1EF53D8A388" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">k)</emphasis>
|
||
; 20
|
||
<normalizedToken id="E199DB349AE0A6BEDCF8FE3161B3E23A" originalValue="µm">µm</normalizedToken>
|
||
(
|
||
<emphasis id="185167E2B13E2D6AA3BCA204188CFF20" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4C5BBD2173571BE2E6210EABF2CEE1F4" originalValue="l–p">l-p</normalizedToken>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="348D363465346628CFE74C6829826730" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="DCE25F6E00CABCD3F00C62B448122D6A" bold="true" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Skeleton..</emphasis>
|
||
The ectosome is composed of a thick dense feltwork of anisostyles with a single layer of erect isochiadiscorhabds arranged perpendicular to the underlying megascleres (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5FA4C7E5D8746AF6D53F54220B450C25" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1e</figureCitation>
|
||
). The ectosome is generally thinner than the dense spiculose tracts that penetrate and divide the soft choanosome into honeycomb-like chambers (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="7336FCA0D028A98177F81668BC836703" captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableUuid="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89">1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="B89CC9BBFEDE80D0EFB9486D0AB0215F" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1d, f</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" ID-Table-UUID="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" start="Table 1" startId="T1">
|
||
<paragraph id="A04535D6413235D6A496541AB4E74CDD" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="24AB38F4A7969CB4BCF7D375F2D54FFB" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Table 1.</emphasis>
|
||
Skeletal and spicule dimensions (µm) for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="039500B0E40D349895CF1F09DD2DBC72" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma favus" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" phylum="Porifera" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="4903F30A742A9C78D030CA0DAE441E43" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Tsitsikamma favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="F958C7FD1E0289AB58920D5C1CC13FB1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<table id="E677ACC66EC0442525A46A64B3B8ABED" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<tr id="D9285F86C7A876A59479CD624761655C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<th id="5EB53E9D1728D1BF7E72550609A8E6E1" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">-</th>
|
||
<th id="20930E4F720EE7F3D5C03568660E9FA8" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="3DCEF38AB13166FD386F0C9EAA48A17D" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="C88F5EAEA42096BA1D81F43E795D372D" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Material examined (n = 14)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="ED5B40718E1BEAB96E34B7BB798BD03C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="F369D2BD9BF86CE6200EF16903154713" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Ectosome</td>
|
||
<td id="13387C78CD2127FE357FE12B73B52158" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">900</td>
|
||
<td id="DBD89154172D1CBDBA176E1EABE4D296" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">660 (430-1120) (n = 20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="C282F10A40CCF8F52698EAAA044C3988" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="8370D39A0DF9BC031884E0D1BAEF8889" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Internal tracts</td>
|
||
<td id="2E226280DCBFB05E6FD262AC70F98A0C" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">1000-17000</td>
|
||
<td id="127918F6BEEEA618B4F1196BD337BA26" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">1200 (740-1780) (n = 20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="474547A4729926A0204E9344F0B0FE79" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="2E48826C58416E23BBEE1F2713D2DE1E" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Chamber diameter</td>
|
||
<td id="2CC43121AAED534BDEEDDB2D2C38FB4D" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">5800</td>
|
||
<td id="CB04F65BCBAFEA3EB1E3790BF7F838ED" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">5108 (3611-8450) (n = 20)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="908D21CB67489C288277A1FF24FE6644" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="3DE1ED9A99EBA0A36BB8D20D93E38373" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="3">Styles</td>
|
||
<td id="77F5D8D8FA5342CB3FF3F87DBF42B175" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(i) 621 (537-700) x 14 (14)</td>
|
||
<td id="94D10AFFA2AA1FE1B02329DD0B84A8D1" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(i) 570 (420-788) x 14 (9-19)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="FBFE4EF7E30099AB643636156C962230" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="78A5DE48463B0B1516B60345600EF489" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(ii) 530 (480-566) x 9.6 (9.6) (n = 20)</td>
|
||
<td id="EE9AE746F7D4E9B4CDA72473B3AECC9D" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(ii) 598 (449-907) x 10 (3-16)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1EA7736A65BBE322F9974143F14F49E2" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="89D915352F3F316C9B348A49928DFD28" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="0EA28F3E0ED6D5F68EF1A3B04FE33D91" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(n = 520)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="8E0F784A720C2694C57D262FF7F608A8" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="C266BA9AE01E1CC67F1C149F3D3A2AA8" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Anisostrongyles</td>
|
||
<td id="73EDAEC424DE234797306AAAD145BC4F" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">-</td>
|
||
<td id="63B57CC772FAB25D8C6F3751F66E9BC1" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">494 (139-751) x 13 (8-21) (n = 42)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="9790602B55CAE7AB399F8C5B698CE65B" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="2DB0666158256A6321D3E9D726F2A179" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="6">Isochiadiscorhabd</td>
|
||
<td id="817F40B9BAFF591BCA83B34E170AB08F" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">48 (41-60) x 9 (7.2-9.6)</td>
|
||
<td id="36B0CD9573BEB2AEDCFDAA512013EF22" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">53 (40-68) x 9 (6-14)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="B2A50EB4EF86A7DAAFF9606E73F8C56C" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="A7965CC8C5F68796696810D53248D6C7" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(n = 20)</td>
|
||
<td id="9834CAA09B1184471FAF581D9FA8792E" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">Additional measurements</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="A58DD4A1ED47644C40F9CEFD45637D65" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="8C88AB5C71E14C960E45A2F044F36F94" colspan="1" isEmpty="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="4">-</td>
|
||
<td id="7341A273EF443835275EE60D0C88E075" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">shaft length 43 (29-59)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="09F88F2039C35C11FBE7758E6307775E" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="8E8D2C101502AA4A751D04CD72FF85B3" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">apex whorl diameter 24 (17-34)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="7496EA62411AE4D7531110B7157D94A1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="CF97F1FFE807337C875A3DFA1ED8EE29" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">manubrium diameter 26 (19-37)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FEE759BF503FD224E97EA69D8C872CF" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<td id="CE69E9129CE0D91DE94A886226672581" colspan="1" pageId="3" pageNumber="104" rowspan="1">(n = 280)</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="75B11AF3838AC90F9BCCB12D07F9B78B" lastPageId="4" lastPageNumber="105" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="13EFAC66783890480C68B9A2558E069B" bold="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">
|
||
<emphasis id="6255E4D0B6F4E9EF2DF2FA8A90D8EF41" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="104">Spicules</emphasis>
|
||
. Megascleres.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Slightly sinuous anisostyles, hastate, mucronate or blunt, occasionally tylote form the main structural components with two categories pre
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="DB7A68C4FB909352A44EEC899FDD0E61" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" start="start">sent</pageBreakToken>
|
||
; (i) long slightly curved and thickened centrally and (ii) shorter, thinner slightly curved centrally (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="6CAEEE49771E9C16F7CEAD921B4A0C80" captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89">1</tableCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<figureCitation id="184DBD9687B98FF76CB84D36E369C0F2" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="4BA7FCCA5B21D6993F61D5E4FAF7C979" originalValue="g–j">g-j</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Short thick anisostrongyles, may also be present (
|
||
<figureCitation id="E28FF6AF0ADB45E8A8676D9D908C7621" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1k</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
<emphasis id="3DE5361659B9E739D4B23C3F293C8CD4" bold="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Microscleres.</emphasis>
|
||
Isochiadiscorhabd, with three whorls of conico-cylindrical tubercles terminally acanthose (
|
||
<figureCitation id="090916FAB181B1F0B29DAF5B3D5AE153" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1p</figureCitation>
|
||
), line the tracts and are found abundantly throughout the choanosome (
|
||
<figureCitation id="5B7775ACC30DAE0A5E0A7ECD0FE76CD8" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1l</figureCitation>
|
||
). In addition to the three whorled microscleres, as described by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A383E40529691759338604FFE7D1FEEC" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the type material, are chiadiscorhabds with up to five complete whorls as well as many intermediate forms (
|
||
<figureCitation id="AF647A2A18556CB5AA0D719F2F93F2ED" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="291DC137C77A563096ECB6165903A476" originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Typically, the manubrium and the apical whorl differ slightly in diameter (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="3AE3E64643253AB76DD512D833F55ED9" captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89">1</tableCitation>
|
||
) and tubercles projections arranged pairwise or in groups of three respectively (
|
||
<figureCitation id="A44FCC5A428A74D99C48511FA45C2E02" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="44301EBE90BE48B5AAA55B381C23EF4A" originalValue="l–p">l-p</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). Isochiadiscorhabds with the terminal tubercles arranged in such a way to give a flattened appearance are also present (basal whorl in
|
||
<figureCitation id="094F7B5972A994A6DEE59D37EC050C4A" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">Fig. 1o</figureCitation>
|
||
). Oocytes were present in specimens (after
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5844DCAE433A297336168E3B1F2DE30C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="853D75E0D4A01695017806B2376E375E" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="distribution">
|
||
<paragraph id="27B6DE62436AACE3F03A89AB029CBFF2" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2D8CF119C2A49C3AB514F92BDF88B85C" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Plettenberg Bay,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="C8EC23D3F6BEE88D17E16F72331805DF" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
Marine Protected Area and Algoa Bay.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="851FA550A3386E03B845E80750C6FD1B" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="substrate, depth range, and ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="9AE9D1429001F1552160CC583538AC51" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Substrate, depth range, and ecology.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="FBA90F1A5782E54CAD33DD21E6509907" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Collected from rocky benthic reef, 9-33 m deep, occurring singly or in clumps of two or three, in abundance on both shallow reef systems such as Bell Buoy on the top of medium profile reef and at Evans Peak on the sides of high steep profile reef. Note that for some of the older collections the GPS position of the collection site is not available or inaccurate; for clarity Rheeders Reef is an inshore reef system within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D3B468592FFE5F1C2CFAB6D56BFC3B1C" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
MPA situated east of Storms River Mouth and the Knoll between
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="17D7849E5B619CA7F422338B0D03817D" degrees="34.025730" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.02573">-34.025730</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C15F2D678F5EFB613AE6437979E4AB46" degrees="23.906138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.906137">23.906138</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="18F387970B2C2BA71E02EA2BE8CD07A2" degrees="34.032780" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.03278">-34.032780</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="FB5D0C6DA31DD5B93D89213C826569FB" degrees="23.960138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.960138">23.960138</geoCoordinate>
|
||
inshore and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7CD4888C5C1577D5ABEC35D900F5BC47" degrees="34.044530" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.04453">-34.044530</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C2033CB4C6B922164E66449158BD02DB" degrees="23.906138" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.906137">23.906138</geoCoordinate>
|
||
and
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1C3781914A6035E1BCF4E0A95ADE90E5" degrees="34.04453" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-34.04453">-34.04453</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="1B61BD1B4B9AA31F9532F97E001318DF" degrees="23.96013" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="23.96013">23.96013</geoCoordinate>
|
||
off shore.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="7EF0619AC3DFE9D32F36CBD838133CDA" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" type="remarks">
|
||
<paragraph id="355BBD1F4AA531310FDD732374C3AB14" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">Remarks.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="610135FC7750CAA1DA97E0D93EEAF9DC" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="106" pageId="4" pageNumber="105">
|
||
Examined material compares well with the type description given by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5232B36BC59290F2CA500A9612855D20" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
including the shape of the oscula, distribution of the pedunculate cauliform areolate porefields, arrangement, and distribution and size of megascleres and microscleres (Table
|
||
<tableCitation id="4F566A45F05EF1D7C12E488E544D5668" captionStartId="T1" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableUuid="AC59A082D315DA3DECBB4F6074B60F89">1</tableCitation>
|
||
). The structure of the chiadiscorhabds corresponds with the type description
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="0FE6958DDBF85124915BBA2CEC2C3B50" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly (2002)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; however, some sponges exhibited various ratios of typical microscleres with three whorls, as per the type description (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="1B930C7D5DE82C19A1CFB86EE2992414" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), to microscleres with tubercles not arranged in or missing from or present between complete whorls (
|
||
<figureCitation id="29267B916E8D947CB88BF900620C3F89" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. Tsitsikamma favus a in situ SAIAB 207193 b collected specimens SAIAB 207193 c collected SAF 1995 - 001 d section through preserved specimen SAIAB 141356 e isochiadiscorhabds arrangement on the surface of the ectosome f section of ectosome with underlying choanosome SAIAB 141356 g, h thin sinuous style i large sinuous centrally thickened style j occasionally tylote styles k rare short thick strongyles l-o isochiadiscorhabds SAIAB 207218 SEM p acanthose tubercles SAIAB 207217. Scale bars 5 cm (b, c); 1 cm (d); 1 mm (f); 100 µm (k); 20 µm (l-p)." figureDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/338775" pageId="4" pageNumber="105" tableDoi="10.3897/zookeys.874.32268.figure1">
|
||
Fig. 1
|
||
<normalizedToken id="9BFF6D1E7CEDDE663DA314CCCD245063" originalValue="m–o">m-o</normalizedToken>
|
||
</figureCitation>
|
||
). These variations were suggested but not discussed in the type description (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="7B725D45BA96D9DD802755D3BE9487C0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" author="Samaai, T" editor="Hooper, JNA" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B19" refString="Samaai, T, Kelly, M, Hooper, JNA, van Soest, RWM, 2002. Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" title="Guide to the Classification of Sponges. Kluwer Academic / Plenum Publishers, New York" url="https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4615-0747-5_78" year="2002">Samaai and Kelly 2002</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 6J, central
|
||
<pageBreakToken id="370580429DEB5ABA7340F61A23EF2B31" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" start="start">two</pageBreakToken>
|
||
images;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9C888D54CA98758574FCB61F29C21DBB" DOI="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" author="Samaai, T" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" pagination="1 - 18" refId="B17" refString="Samaai, T, Govender, V, Kelly, M, 2004. Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species. Zootaxa 725: 1 - 18" title="Cyclacanthia n. g. (Demospongiae: Poecilosclerida: Latrunculiidaeincertea sedis), a new genus of marine sponges from South African waters, and description of two new species." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.725.1.1" volume="725" year="2004">Samaai et al. 2004</bibRefCitation>
|
||
: fig. 2B, central image) which suggests that spicules of this nature were observed in the type specimen. It is interesting to note that
|
||
<taxonomicName id="61F20FD1568512FD53A95DF74F0DABA6" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="F970CAD5E2DDFB2652341CBFFF492E14" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens, even some collected no more than 10 cm apart and although clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="71AF6D71CF1FFB045DF180B56ECDA835" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="44EFEB9EA688876666FCCC627C01F163" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
with respect to 28S rRNA sequence analysis (as shown by sequence identity or a maximum of one nucleotide difference), differ in the firmness or compressibility of the individual sponge. Closer inspection of the spicules showed an increased occurrence of misshaped or irregular microscleres and a distinct chromatographic profile in these
|
||
<taxonomicName id="4D9AFEA6E54568E83479A1F6AC6F106F" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="63BF0BBFE6DB54F23E2804673741EDCD" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
sponges (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A615A0C4BBF112540F7BF221D6E21936" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010060" author="Kalinski, J-CJ" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="17" pageNumber="118" refId="B9" refString="Kalinski, J-CJ, Waterworth, SC, Siwe Noundou, X, Jiwaji, M, Parker-Nance, S, Krause, RWM, McPhail, KL, Dorrington, RA, 2019. . https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010060" url="https://doi.org/10.3390/md17010060" year="2019">Kalinski et al. 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="2DA26885F3C25A3B2582018DA5B1F6D2" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">Live or freshly collected specimens are dark brown, olive or dark green in colour and may be heavily encrusted with soft corals, hydroids, ascidians and other encrusting sponges with the oscula and porefields protruding through the surface epibionts. As freshly collected specimens are preserved, the extract dyes the preservative (70% ethanol) a deep brown colour which intensifies as the tissue lightens; long exposure to the stained preservative darkens the tissue again. Successive preservative changes (long-term curated specimens) remove the pigment and the specimens are beige in colour. Frozen material may be dark slate green to tan externally, and the tracks are prominently tan and the choanosome dark brown.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="8E5D464AB78BB67EC5128607BDF9278B" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
An estimation of divergence between sequences, intraspecific genetic diversity of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EADA6CF06F11A16D7930BF8727DB1410" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B71673C131A18AA9894DD45F58D7FC26" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
included in this study, was found to be 0.16 % for the 28S rRNA gene sequence and 0-0.18 % for COI (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F09A673DD0FC408D873635F40143AA86" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-012-9430-y" author="Walmsley, TA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biotechnology" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" pagination="681 - 91" refId="B24" refString="Walmsley, TA, Matcher, GF, Zhang, F, Hill, RT, Davies-Coleman, MT, Dorrington, RA, 2012. Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Indian Ocean Sponge Tsitsikammafavus That Contains the Bioactive Pyrroloiminoquinones, Tsitsikammamine A and B. Marine Biotechnology 14: 681 - 91" title="Diversity of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Indian Ocean Sponge Tsitsikammafavus That Contains the Bioactive Pyrroloiminoquinones, Tsitsikammamine A and B." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s10126-012-9430-y" volume="14" year="2012">Walmsley et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="6F5CA6A54B6812A760418EBB009A65B1" author="Walmsley, TA" journalOrPublisher="Marine Biotechnology" pageId="18" pageNumber="119" publicationUrl="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145049917.pdf" refId="B25" refString="Walmsley, TA, 2013. . https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145049917.pdf" url="https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/145049917.pdf" year="2013">Walmsley 2013</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Interspecific diversity between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1C909B45D3C2B006EDCC1B2E71569077" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="B341B660E153761B283794445A564BDB" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="22FC22ED25FC634AFDEA65814664EBE7" lsidName="T. nguni" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="nguni">
|
||
<emphasis id="6FF08E33C15243D09A21E68679497201" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. nguni</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8E46420EEA52A2525E554E292CE51551" lsidName="T. scurra" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="scurra">
|
||
<emphasis id="CBBFF49F86731D22CD1BA3E541318178" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. scurra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
at 28S was 0.16 % (Suppl. material 1: Table S1).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="EC52A33297B36D5685607739EA7D13AF" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">
|
||
Examination of specimens collected from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="EB171379EF81EC07BEA15F67471CCF96" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
in 1993 showed that one sample contained two distinct species, the one clearly
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D2C8DAD8B6D28BF1F22B32D62F5935FC" lsidName="T. favus" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" rank="species" species="favus">
|
||
<emphasis id="A127C57047AC98F9463AEE61A4F9F97B" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="106">T. favus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
the other a new species included below (SAIAB 207216: The Knoll,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F18FC4EF651EF59CB15727D2FB015850" class="Demospongiae" family="Latrunculiidae" genus="Tsitsikamma" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Tsitsikamma" order="Poecilosclerida" pageId="5" pageNumber="106" phylum="Porifera" rank="genus">Tsitsikamma</taxonomicName>
|
||
MPA Garden Route National Park, Eastern Cape Province, 18 m, 2 May 1993, collected by Colin Buxton).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |