173 lines
18 KiB
XML
173 lines
18 KiB
XML
<document id="A51CD1C5193E1E5072586443330289B0" ID-CLB-Dataset="33559" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e53fb8f2-2a76-4856-b154-1faef6ee81fd" ID-PMC="PMC4205731" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-444-1" ID-PubMed="25349499" ID-ZooBank="FB83BDD3958A456DBFEA9C6C28D3E4D5" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2014" ModsDocID="1313-2970-444-1" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 444" ModsDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" checkinTime="1451245266514" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Reimer, James D., Poliseno, Angelo & Hoeksema, Bert W." docDate="2014" docId="38651521665F11E7DB257A9A066C7497" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 444: 1-57" docOrigin="ZooKeys 444" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537" docTitle="Epizoanthus illoricatus Tischbierek 1930" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="23" masterDocId="FFCCA07FFFC4625F1C6AFFB4EC3BFFB7" masterDocTitle="Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="57" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="19" updateTime="1701385215740" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="69633D92254B15D7C46E636092603D78">Shallow-water zoantharians (Cnidaria, Hexacorallia) from the Central Indo-Pacific</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="144C51E3E7C951B02BED543F5291F0D4">Reimer, James D.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="A3836700C26CFDA6410CFFA656F39893">Poliseno, Angelo</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="55719A3EA418A05B1BAAADDE207EB77C">Hoeksema, Bert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:date id="1E619F7EBDD21A6444E3548B1E6D4207">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:classification id="D7962EE3B71338D353F3E502C672743D">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="20F63500BA1E7370B7FF270EA2E956A8" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.444.7537</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="38651521665F11E7DB257A9A066C7497" ID-GBIF-Taxon="152055722" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:38651521665F11E7DB257A9A066C7497" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/38651521665F11E7DB257A9A066C7497" lastPageId="22" lastPageNumber="23" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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<subSubSection id="83E8BF638D1847B43CA78E7E22CC04DA" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="multiple">
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<paragraph id="1E19163E057FB1B596ED5249AC70BB6B" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">Taxon classification Animalia Zoantharia Epizoanthidae</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="C00E59ADC72BCF07E14A0E4BE5CB47EB" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A8D51C3BAB9D32849F81B109A887AEB2" pageId="18" pageNumber="19">
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24.
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<taxonomicName id="98DE070348DD7B2E241670F30B14FC03" ID-CoL="6FWW8" authority="Tischbierek, 1930" authorityName="Tischbierek" authorityYear="1930" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="18" pageNumber="19" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus Tischbierek, 1930</taxonomicName>
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Figures 20B, 21
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="7851C8440966983969E0C37A05475EA1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="specimens">
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<paragraph id="A612121E644D08291AED2FBA42190D8A" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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<pageBreakToken id="5BC10CC726675A93CF9C8AF8DF8CA0E1" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" start="start">Specimens</pageBreakToken>
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="801735F9B806E0B7CCC21F2D0609D9D5" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(n=2). RMNH Coel 40536,
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<normalizedToken id="1E26DD1B20661E925CA3B4440DCB1B73" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Station 4.058, east of Melolo, northeast Sumba (
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<geoCoordinate id="F91202CC026458DD2C06889790B9AB82" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-9.85">09°51'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="5A7607BDA610C0A119443F353CDA14F2" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="120.75">120°45'E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 180 m, collected on September 14, 1984 by rectangular dredge; RMNH Coel 40547,
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<normalizedToken id="C475B84C8DF1C72FD0C54BD44539A83A" originalValue="Snellius–II">Snellius-II</normalizedToken>
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Station 4.051, east of Melolo, northeast Sumba (
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<geoCoordinate id="380B4B13069702328719C286D679020A" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-9.891666">09°53'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="D734E45AB2C8954EBFD474F4DC6A860F" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="120.71166">120°42'42"E</geoCoordinate>
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), depth = 75 to 90 m, collected on September 13, 1984 by rectangular dredge.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="57F11060FB9F8082175A456CDE4BEFE7" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20" type="photographic records">
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<paragraph id="2D8DC3FD8E658F7F2729BABCA7A9CA1B" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">Photographic records</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="36BBACC0D523A8DFB56D129E0C052C49" lastPageId="21" lastPageNumber="22" pageId="19" pageNumber="20">
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(n=12). Desa Ped, north Nusa Penida, east Bali (
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<geoCoordinate id="C7FBB1C7DF34D03344E467B0A8F87995" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.674445">08°40'28"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="A114CAC7B86F07E3C59F2784B0770FB1" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="115.513885">115°30'50"E</geoCoordinate>
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), May 28, 1998; 4 specimens from Tulamben, east Bali (
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<geoCoordinate id="0E9FE655FF3E8D818B36A3F6D45356BA" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.273889">08°16'26"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="4895522F53BFF5BD0EDF6DC8CF8FB1A5" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="115.59111">115°35'28"E</geoCoordinate>
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), July 9-10, 1997; Nusa Penida, east Bali, (
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<geoCoordinate id="45EC57D9D4815756AF34C9C401B596EB" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-8.673056">08°40'23"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="41722C78F6926DAEB9C554DE1D442211" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="115.48694">115°29'13"E</geoCoordinate>
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), May 27, 1998; Kapoposang, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="6558C87BBB81CC773DDF36AF7E8244B2" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-4.6944447">04°41'40"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="B2704420AA4F91715D841F3A2FD4A42E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="118.915276">118°54'55"E</geoCoordinate>
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), June 24, 1997, August 8, 1997; west Pulau Samalona, Spermonde Archipelago, South Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="782695C630604136119E8D0FE07D70E3" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="-5.125">05°07'30"S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="F224CF154F50BC28965C18BC52D7C400" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="119.3375">119°20'15"E</geoCoordinate>
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), September 16,
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<pageBreakToken id="FEB25ED7BE165EA90848DD4492305D76" pageId="20" pageNumber="21" start="start">1997</pageBreakToken>
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; Fauna Malesiana Maluku Expedition station MAL.10, south coast of Ambon Bay, east of Eri, Ambon (
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<geoCoordinate id="E0B03600BCCB7865F4CAC29606FA50E1" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.75">03°45'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="30BDD68FD94D6DD65EA07FD126E27711" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.13333">128°08'E</geoCoordinate>
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), November 12, 1996; Maluku Expedition station MAL.12, north coast near Morela, Ambon (
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<geoCoordinate id="08B06A8922E16153513883EFF8FE01CF" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.55">03°33'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="CED3B3EB08C97BD6B4C703865E39222E" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.2">128°12'E</geoCoordinate>
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), November 13-14, 1996; Maluku Expedition station MAL.19, Tanjung Batu Dua, east of Hatu, north coast Ambon Bay, Ambon (
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<geoCoordinate id="FE8AA73345215AC76CC06D53207370CE" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="-3.7166667">03°43'S</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="E12B0285217806580E6F56A71673041C" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="128.05">128°03'E</geoCoordinate>
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), November 19, 1996; Fauna Malesiana Marine Sulawesi Expedition station SUL.16, bay east of Tanjung Labuhankompeni, Pulau Lembeh, Lembeh Strait, North Sulawesi
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<pageBreakToken id="10C2FF535A0480CDD93334834D1D8CD0" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" start="start">(</pageBreakToken>
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<geoCoordinate id="7F982E9B4B517AF7B2C99826624AE836" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.4333334">01°26'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="618486911DAAB2D8186B57D74F278554" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="125.183334">125°11'E</geoCoordinate>
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), October 23, 1994; west Pulau Siladen, Bunaken, North Sulawesi (
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<geoCoordinate id="EF71638184675C878AD4FD8E93A8C1D1" direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="925" value="1.6333333">01°38'N</geoCoordinate>
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,
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<geoCoordinate id="8C6088F5DEB8AB9C43CC4EA8FD95ECBF" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="925" value="124.76667">124°46'E</geoCoordinate>
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), May 2, 1998.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="273D8EE8EC8C1B798E500D317C451840" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" type="description">
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<paragraph id="9798219DD885650BC0FB01A04320668B" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">Description.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="62307DA8A466D6C344A64740FE2E8A98" pageId="21" pageNumber="22">
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Azooxanthellate. As
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<taxonomicName id="CA2622BD2AA588BBCF04475FD637C861" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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above, obligate epibiont on eunicid worms. Polyps of this putative species are at least twice as big in diameter as
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<taxonomicName id="BCACDADDC18564B8624A7C9F3CC3072F" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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(average 2.1 mm, compared with a maximum of 2 mm for
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<taxonomicName id="5490E63964DA4FB27ECC1F8599EA1941" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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), and many times bigger in terms of volume. Additionally, both specimens have brown coenenchyme and scapus, different from the light gray coenenchyme and brownish oral disk reported for
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<taxonomicName id="76C235F9B336CB4DE50CDA386CAF5C24" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 20B). In situ images show colonies with cream, brown, red-brown, orange-brown or tan coenenchyme and scapus, often with white tentacles that are comparatively shorter and thicker than in
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<taxonomicName id="FD91468D094A54B781A2853FCB4EEC2A" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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. The coenenchyme of this putative species is much more developed than
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<taxonomicName id="EF6B3D651AF8EAD0DE90D57491B3C0A9" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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, with polyps arising from not only bends of the zig-zag shaped eunicid tube, but also from other locations. The result is a colony that has a higher density of polyps than
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<taxonomicName id="2D3EDA6169426F43EAA4203CB3568DB9" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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. In
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<taxonomicName id="7F58FBFDEBFD9194DDF7D4E5E75FFA56" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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, often the zig-zag shape of the eunicid tube is visible between polyps, but this is rarely the case in
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<taxonomicName id="27F2B5268661331A42768A3E2628FA03" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="21" pageNumber="22" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus aff. illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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(Figure 20B).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="FBBDA00F639FC6BD51DA1F1AE8F68DEC" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="D1CEFF4D38CF419CC8467F42856E3335" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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<pageBreakToken id="750AF70A672AD111C7C1AECA8D7EC91F" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" start="start">Distribution</pageBreakToken>
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.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8A18AD75593C4634CD9A480610D2FBE8" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Regions recorded in this study (Figure 21): East Bali (5), northeast Sumba (6), Spermonde Archipelago (9), Moluccas (14), Lembeh Strait (17), Bunaken (18).</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="32CF2ABFD2C87A5A06536F5F05E57033" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Past records. NA.</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="400B1453C99716C427ADD251D4A5011D" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" type="remarks">
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<paragraph id="C130DEE0432FEC672AEBA3BF1089FCF5" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">Remarks.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="C66AD4315C8608C65C4B9297271E2D79" pageId="22" pageNumber="23">
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Although the two specimens here were found at deeper depths (75 to 190 m), numerous photographic records show that this species and
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<taxonomicName id="6A9F89E4E0A9F4DF74AEF7D10804B8B3" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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have an overlapping depth range. Examination of DNA sequences combined with detailed morphological analyses should help clear up the relationship between this putative species and
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<taxonomicName id="9B37DE3981EC8553AAF0049E68AD9528" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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, although preliminary molecular analyses show differences between the two groups (H. Kise and J.D. Reimer, unpubl. data). It is likely records and museum specimens identified as
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<taxonomicName id="5E4D8B1F550F1FED4969C7641DB55285" class="Anthozoa" family="Epizoanthidae" genus="Epizoanthus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Epizoanthus illoricatus" order="Zoantharia" pageId="22" pageNumber="23" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="illoricatus">Epizoanthus illoricatus</taxonomicName>
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from the central Indo-Pacific include both types mentioned in this study.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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</treatment>
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</document> |