treatments-xml/data/38/1D/CD/381DCDAF6BB5D2EC31D29F4FF5360C8F.xml

454 lines
49 KiB
XML
Raw Blame History

This file contains ambiguous Unicode characters

This file contains Unicode characters that might be confused with other characters. If you think that this is intentional, you can safely ignore this warning. Use the Escape button to reveal them.

<document ID-CLB-Dataset="28281" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" ID-GBIF-Dataset="175ade4f-e320-4f41-ab85-7811f4147be4" ID-PMC="PMC6323114" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-114-123" ID-Pensoft-UUID="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" ID-PubMed="30627045" ID-Zenodo-Dep="2533527" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1314-2003-114-123" ModsDocOrigin="PhytoKeys " ModsDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M.romaschenkoi" checkinTime="1553125316505" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Peterson, Paul M., Vega, Isidoro Sanchez, Romaschenko, Konstantin, Giraldo-Canas, Diego &amp; Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio" docDate="2018" docId="381DCDAF6BB5D2EC31D29F4FF5360C8F" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 114: 123-206" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 114" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799" docTitle="Muhlenbergia microsperma Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1: 64. 1829" docType="treatment" docVersion="8" id="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" lastPageNumber="161" masterDocId="CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230" masterDocTitle="Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi" masterLastPageNumber="206" masterPageNumber="123" pageNumber="161" updateTime="1732930826153" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
<mods:mods id="E12C23579739511B578670ABA8C892AB" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="9E71426C871520AC7ACCB0DD7DAE2624">
<mods:title id="FFC98D5FF926E9A4115F8A7031D7CC55">Revision of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae, Chloridoideae, Cynodonteae, Muhlenbergiinae) in Peru: classification, phylogeny, and a new species, M. romaschenkoi</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="B9BB3344D7956017A54913813F90D883" type="personal">
<mods:role id="CC1CF9F9F8D59639EAF497FB88E25E72">
<mods:roleTerm id="4A028888B1EBAB3EF637D1A7A4B8D6AD">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="03566436122A2D575C00CE94393DEED2">Peterson, Paul M.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B8D1FA2FE7322DA86C033DFC55EF5FCD" type="personal">
<mods:role id="12648E23E95A4D3BF111FE17D516303C">
<mods:roleTerm id="C75EEC4999DC1A465210EF61499F9D64">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="46D74B916D51ED6480A94452E39C016E">Vega, Isidoro Sanchez</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="B629E301D6691675DE2CBE9A02D971E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="4A815386A5EE915B22478D41E43B7D93">
<mods:roleTerm id="D9D62DB8FE6AAAC55A7BC95DF3FF6551">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="FEC7894ECB17F5B54C78E12ED3E6674D">Romaschenko, Konstantin</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="5236DA4D42DFB282E0D69BCC11FA38E4" type="personal">
<mods:role id="0CA1EE2F819C5067BEC4C1C2E17A9731">
<mods:roleTerm id="D8854181AAE10306ECA1E148E506EAB3">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="BE58ACC55AEE7D501CA516E53E3456DA">Giraldo-Canas, Diego</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name id="D9DDBD8963AAC3C8480D3DB3A4103258" type="personal">
<mods:role id="F7ECEF03F4B1B0125E636C95373DD16F">
<mods:roleTerm id="52DC5BB556E9303719DB300E27AFBFA9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart id="633A6FCD551784277CEB8294054402BA">Rodriguez, Nancy F. Refulio</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="217D9A4F446EBC4D18831F80C1A5C466">text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem id="24CEF94761188442FD976F02FF34CDB9" type="host">
<mods:titleInfo id="C22A838ADC28D4F727DDF3BC45FF91EE">
<mods:title id="AE6A40B9897B81EB42EFD4D81CF323BC">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="ACF9B6A29577B531E637D9D2D2C45403">
<mods:date id="8443D11F0BB05667C755EF44F74664FF">2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="C827301C40D508EDEDDF165E23393181" type="volume">
<mods:number id="09F4F55D6384E5DFA6AF72F0B1B563CE">114</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent id="A4C0E22B90D056C0D024061E7BB85C28" unit="page">
<mods:start id="AC1ED310CAA57DCB1BFE86287B91B329">123</mods:start>
<mods:end id="7A7E6E34175769510EC7ADE87B1DD85F">206</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
</mods:part>
</mods:relatedItem>
<mods:location id="FBC4270FE2FBE7A8D7EA50E3950E29EC">
<mods:url id="17DB907F7461318898E67B0D5EC40602">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification id="90555482E8D1C8E45547E5B30563C383">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="3B580F05B2DDDA899053151286203330" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="C56DB7AA09DE29209088849A6F104714" type="Pensoft-Pub">1314-2003-114-123</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="0AF53C62110508685C6761DF42DEC221" type="Pensoft-UUID">CB70FFE82A46DE6DFFEBFFF8F43A6230</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="A94B6D42BE1037A5C72878BFAF2E5E38" type="Zenodo-Dep">2533527</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="381DCDAF6BB5D2EC31D29F4FF5360C8F" ID-GBIF-Taxon="154472462" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:381DCDAF6BB5D2EC31D29F4FF5360C8F" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/381DCDAF6BB5D2EC31D29F4FF5360C8F" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="161" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" scope_family="Poaceae">
<subSubSection id="1426B26AA6B31CDCB529ED358244D074" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="1510A4AE71677F684534A334E91162DC" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<pageBreakToken id="ADFEB6DAA4B41E6E7F2FB36D5F44FDF6" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" start="start">13</pageBreakToken>
.
<taxonomicName id="F92EFC384A2C8D7AF47490D7E01781ED" ID-CoL="742XY" LSID="5FC43065-3368-54E9-8DE0-FD81ECC5BCA1" authority="(DC.) Kunth, Revis. Gramin. 1: 64. 1829." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">
Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth,
<normalizedToken id="C68ABB756A5E22555D91BDCBED257D01" originalValue="Révis">Revis</normalizedToken>
. Gramin. 1:64. 1829.
</taxonomicName>
<figureCitation id="06AE8BC1E714EEC507466A0B94184DED" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="F8" captionText="Figure 7. A-D Muhlenbergia diversiglumis Trin A habit B ligule C glumes D floret E-H Muhlenbergia microsperma (DC.) Kunth E habit F ligule G glumes H lemma. Drawings from Peterson and Annable (1991) A-D drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4158 (WS) F-H drawn from P. M. Peterson &amp; C. R. Annable 4185 (WS)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure7" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254048" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Fig. 7E-H</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="DB9EAEE97589A7F2AF45B27F60057581" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="reference_group">
<paragraph id="B789B40A0D3B3FD6B38274F20DDDC20D" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="770D9AD9762E1C962F4C43BD12EDE435" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">Trichochloa microsperma</taxonomicName>
DC., Cat. Pl. Horti Monsp. 151. 1813.
<taxonomicName id="E4BFF8CAA4AFA677CCF3519CF18AEB15" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">Muhlenbergia microsperma</taxonomicName>
(DC.) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193. 1824,
<emphasis id="2603E530F0029E9D1F970DEC75EC45AD" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">nom. inval</emphasis>
. Type: Mexico, cultivated at the botanical gardern at Montpellier from seeds collected in Mexico and distributed by the Botanical Garden of Madrid,
<emphasis id="0F5D7B799F1A3416975C0BD186F2FF90" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
M.
<normalizedToken id="58981AB2914A2D2B325D9B714D44CB54" originalValue="Sésse">Sesse</normalizedToken>
&amp; J.M.
<normalizedToken id="AC1BF674F6E202F0D480DBDE19AEE41D" originalValue="Mociño">Mocino</normalizedToken>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(holotype: MPU; isotypes: G-00099434 [image!], P!, US fragm. ex P!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="96291C69447557535394A1EBFC39825E" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="9542682CBFFA0FDB21A08AF9D3B8D939" authorityName="Lag" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">Agrostis microsperma</taxonomicName>
Lag., Gen. Sp. Pl. 2. 1816. Type: Mexico, plants grown at H.R. Matritensis (= Herbario del Real
<normalizedToken id="5FD4BF8AC97949C8328F5263CE163AE4" originalValue="Jardín">Jardin</normalizedToken>
<normalizedToken id="1114303F6A64B461605D02A54E3E790C" originalValue="Botánico">Botanico</normalizedToken>
de Madrid, see
<bibRefCitation id="49775F12E34A93AA89B5C1CF8DD02C9B" author="Sutherland, CN" journalOrPublisher="Annales Jardin Botanico de Madrid" pageId="60" pageNumber="183" pagination="375 - 418" refId="B58" refString="Sutherland, CN, 1997. Material tipo de la coleccion de Sesse y Mocino en el Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid. Annales Jardin Botanico de Madrid 55: 375 - 418" title="Material tipo de la coleccion de Sesse y Mocino en el Real Jardin Botanico de Madrid." volume="55" year="1997">Sutherland 1997</bibRefCitation>
) from seeds collected by M.
<normalizedToken id="C4B03C2AF7F55B8434C29B4CE75AF5E5" originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
&amp; J.M.
<normalizedToken id="C8D6D6F6898CE9E426B9321FB2099370" originalValue="Mociño">Mocino</normalizedToken>
in Nueva Espania, Oct, 1806,
<emphasis id="D88EA9E8C6BCE041F22B2B6801506295" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
M.
<normalizedToken id="ECB3371ACAB58F1AE6C9869BA1DD94D6" originalValue="Sessé">Sesse</normalizedToken>
&amp; J.M.
<normalizedToken id="2AE67985E25FEED771CB4FF7CF824396" originalValue="Mociño">Mocino</normalizedToken>
s.n.
</emphasis>
(lectotype, here designated: SEL-H10620 [image!]).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="0008E7E30C8E4A45E575600F37808E44" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="7EEDEE9E691293E75ED5349C49027FF8" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum debile" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debile">Podosemum debile</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1: 128. 1816.
<taxonomicName id="D821407CD44991483A60BAE5E4D19BF9" authorityName="Roem &amp; Schult" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa debilis" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis">Trichochloa debilis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:385. 1817.
<taxonomicName id="EB4DEFF45E21DA0B4E46BA2123734BF7" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia debilis" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="debilis">Muhlenbergia debilis</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193, t. 5, f. 18. 1824. Type: Ecuador, Prov. Pichincha, Quito,
<emphasis id="54E390D3727E37FBCDD834BC5AB220D4" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: P-Bonpl!; isotypes: B-W, P!, US-91924 fragm. ex P-Bonpl!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="000F8C7A3E122CD09BB487B3F0ED2E09" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="F4A9EC03C6A617554C88163DD7A7FDDA" authorityName="Kunth" authorityYear="1816" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Podosemum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Podosemum setosum" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosum">Podosemum setosum</taxonomicName>
Kunth, Nov. Gen. Sp. (quarto ed.) 1:129. 1816.
<taxonomicName id="E1E7018830CA76D35540C59455CFF2DC" authorityName="Roem &amp; Schult" authorityYear="1817" baseAuthorityName="Kunth" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Trichochloa" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Trichochloa setosa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Trichochloa setosa</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Roem. &amp; Schult., Syst. Veg. 2:386. 1817.
<taxonomicName id="3E2B64D2F0EDA2A07A532A298AED4832" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Agrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Agrostis setosa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Agrostis setosa</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Spreng., Syst. Veg. 1:262. 1825.
<taxonomicName id="6875B0DA41230A9B1FA0AFDD974C6184" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia setosa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Muhlenbergia setosa</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Trin., Gram. Unifl. Sesquifl. 193, t. 5, f. 22. 1824.
<taxonomicName id="412F9CCC975464C2A1EDBCD9D0E8F069" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia setosa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="setosa">Muhlenbergia setosa</taxonomicName>
(Kunth) Kunth,
<normalizedToken id="23D6CB40D328814C9A045BA1CA687865" originalValue="Révis">Revis</normalizedToken>
. Gramin. 1:63. 1829,
<emphasis id="65D83F2689FED05E7C179B272F53E0F2" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">isonym</emphasis>
. Type: Mexico, between Gueguetoque and Tula, Aug,
<emphasis id="43991BDAD6589CDF85947B87FD9F95D2" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">F.W.H.A. Humboldt &amp; A.J.A. Bonpland 4174</emphasis>
(holotype: P-Bonpl!; isotypes: B-W, US-91917 fragm. ex P-Bonpl!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="61BE9EB10AB8299181B684A952047A26" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="99F9C3152EB406E282F6BDDBB874238B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia purpurea" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="purpurea">Muhlenbergia purpurea</taxonomicName>
Nutt., J. Acad. Nat. Sci. Philadelphia, ser. 2, 1:186. 1848. Type: U.S.A., California, Santa Barbara Co., Santa Barbara and Santa Catalina Island,
<emphasis id="1F6B1944C00EEE20160B4B26A8CDD686" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Gambel s.n.</emphasis>
(holotype: K!).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="C80A60B201E955083F37F63CE38DBA7E" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="928E0285B04833EE11D1873F33F40BFD" authorityName="Vasey ex S. Watson" authorityYear="1886" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia ramosissima" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ramosissima">Muhlenbergia ramosissima</taxonomicName>
Vasey, Bull. Torrey Bot. Club 13(12):231. 1886. Type: Mexico, Chihuahua, SW Chihuahua,
<normalizedToken id="04C87E07C1B519C14388812DFF165CBF" originalValue="AugNov">Aug-Nov</normalizedToken>
1885,
<emphasis id="57AAB86C655F80FDA7DAD126B17B47CD" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">E. Palmer 158</emphasis>
(lectotype: NY-00381467! designated by Hitchcock, N. Amer. Fl. 27:441. 1935, but without indicating the specific specimen; Peterson and Annable, Syst. Bot. Monogr. 31:61. 1991, indicated the specific specimen; isolectotypes: LE!, GH-00024043 [image!], MO-2974152!, NY-00381468 [image!], P-00644106!, PH-00018772 [image!], US-995580!, W-19160027660 [image!]).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E05199BA3F3249CDD6372443207BB0CC" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="description">
<paragraph id="AE35A28F65CFE1820FA8A768049B3C5F" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="2E99F491D72941D40BBF44C007B807C9" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
Caespitose
<emphasis id="C2D5C014CF49C93C78EA58BA4E50A071" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">annuals</emphasis>
, sometimes appearing as short-lived perennials.
<emphasis id="BCC6A6379E87D0AECBE61435FFEE5D66" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Culms</emphasis>
10-80 cm tall, often geniculate at the base, slender, often striate, much branched near the base, scaberulous below the nodes;
<emphasis id="52CFD6B37A05BE0859D3A494ABAD6FC4" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">internodes</emphasis>
1.8-8.6 mm long, mostly scaberulous or smooth.
<emphasis id="D03634CB698A3BF710A473D809D8D29A" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Leaf sheaths</emphasis>
2.2-6.6 mm long, commonly shorter than the internodes, glabrous, smooth or scaberulous;
<emphasis id="067BFFF0E42A4B04985EA0580ECA8436" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">ligules</emphasis>
1-2 mm long, membranous to hyaline, decurrent, margins often extended, apex truncate to obtuse;
<emphasis id="908AA9CCB1B004117084739615841946" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">blades</emphasis>
3
<normalizedToken id="E2C5AFA13B76E2A66ED45BAC6CADFBE0" originalValue="8.5(">-8.5(-</normalizedToken>
10) cm long, 1-2.5 mm wide, flat or loosely involute, scabrous below, strigulose above, often deciduous with age.
<emphasis id="E22B98139B339A3BDE65FD9E03578A34" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Panicles</emphasis>
6.5-13.5 cm long, 1-6.5 cm wide, open and not densely flowered, often purplish;
<emphasis id="1F9EEAEA5BA85191267B615FD0889CC6" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">primary branches</emphasis>
1.6-4 cm long, ascending or diverging up to 80° from the rachises, spikelet-bearing to the base;
<emphasis id="77B7E20CC991A34BED45B3CAAE35C345" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">pedicels</emphasis>
2-6 mm long, appressed to divaricate, antrorsely scabrous.
<taxonomicName id="09E3E79D03BE05E4857F993757CB8EB7" genus="Cleistogamous" lsidName="Cleistogamous panicles" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="panicles">
<emphasis id="00F7E3F48307736606260C9715D069B8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Cleistogamous panicles</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
with 1-3 spikelets present in the axils of the lower sheaths.
<emphasis id="3A742CFC640312B76443C6FC4A90A1E1" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Spikelets</emphasis>
2.5-5.5 mm long;
<emphasis id="93277105ADD1980504508956AB559048" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">glumes</emphasis>
0.4-1.3 mm long, exceeded by the florets, 1-nerved, obtuse, often minutely erose;
<emphasis id="802FA86CE844291F3AE605FD4E2BE466" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">lower glumes</emphasis>
0.4-1 mm long;
<emphasis id="A849506D9A158C1C73CBE04524CF16AD" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">upper glumes</emphasis>
0.6-1.3 mm long;
<emphasis id="792D0F52592D67880E117BB570BA0752" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">lemmas</emphasis>
2.5
<normalizedToken id="9B9BE8E39E3BC5FF61808999330EB8F6" originalValue="3.8(">-3.8(-</normalizedToken>
5.3) mm long, narrowly lanceolate, mostly smooth, scaberulous distally, lower 1/2 of the margins and midveins, the hairs 0.2-0.5 mm long, the callus hairy, apices acuminate, often bidentate, awned, awns 10-30 mm long, straight to flexuous;
<emphasis id="F58F733E60E8DD0E676BD064BEC8D6C6" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">paleas</emphasis>
2.2-4.8 mm long, narrowly lanceolate, acuminate;
<emphasis id="02E4714BA5B84767CBA1AF7E02B5F86B" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">anthers</emphasis>
0.3-1.2 mm long, purplish.
<emphasis id="4C44FE17B22BAB3F2F9408C98DA41FC8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Caryopses</emphasis>
1.7-2.5 mm long, fusiform, reddish-brown. 2
<emphasis id="75D9621249B2F602696B5F100F2CA7CC" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">n</emphasis>
= 20, 40, 60.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="456FA43CFEAE51D620BE06A8E21F9FE3" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="1984A704E579AF68C6F81FE70068F471" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Distribution.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="064578D22E37AD27765718F8752DEAE7" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="15B9B37A564A19298E640D98D4D73F3D" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="5B7538A95FF68B190EAD0FF50E60DC0E" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Muhlenbergia microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
occurs in Hawaii, south-western U.S.A., Mexico, Guatemala, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador (including the Galapagos Islands), Peru and Bolivia (
<bibRefCitation id="F85A55F0ED8A06E161BBC6C998C7E55B" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="C3D01C3BE510A6ADDCD268277731027F" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="ecology">
<paragraph id="C2DFE1B43BCEC064321E08776B9D3633" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Ecology.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="FDC03C984C35FF318EA2A35A2BF29000" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
Rocky slopes, rock outcrops, sandy drainages, cliffs and disturbed roadsides usually in desert scrub vegetation with
<emphasis id="4A78DD3491CC30FF234249700E20A59D" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="1BBBF2B1ACA202B8F1A7A9CF6DF6D594" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Acacia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Acacia" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">Acacia</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="89DC565006FA9C342877EDB86DBDFB26" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Aristida" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Aristida" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">Aristida</taxonomicName>
adcensionis
</emphasis>
L.,
<taxonomicName id="A1ED7950836EE813854F9AB4E2C9415F" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Baccharis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Baccharis" order="Asterales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="CFF0FA890BF1C32435A394C3318C9F54" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Baccharis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="E1B5E3B9C337DEFC0A284A0D0B197D4F" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" genus="Bothriochloa" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Bothriochloa" order="Cactales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="BDC0CA4CE6BED644039C5134D74802C4" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Bothriochloa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="406DF1C3CC26348D8DCB9402AC084362" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Bombacaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Malvales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Bombacaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="F41B49BC899F01E4127098ECF88C9936" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Cactaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="" order="Cactales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="family">Cactaceae</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="EBEF8EFA52927D2C7152676A1C6E545A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Dodonaea" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Dodonaea viscosa" order="Sapindales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="viscosa">
<emphasis id="D675239FD9316DA9CFD704DFB68DD0FB" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Dodonaea viscosa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="B184698F7A27A618A0B4FE5854A6BFD6" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Eragrostis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Eragrostis nigricans" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="nigricans">
<emphasis id="9EF66A8012B4072D17AA8F2EE6D50A7B" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Eragrostis nigricans</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="72D27C052E734E4020C6A22D56431F38" lsidName="E. lugens" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" rank="species" species="lugens">
<emphasis id="0822FB6380467DD1B54498562BAF15EE" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">E. lugens</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
Nees,
<taxonomicName id="88456296E8D4AEA29B07FDFC54541A1D" genus="Fucraea" lsidName="Fucraea" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A9F37BB4F6240E4998029E832D691E78" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Fucraea</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="12F14E9707A6A80F00BA74050CFB48DD" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Boraginaceae" genus="Heliotropium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heliotropium" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="A4F3E360571269D262E702FF14463195" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Heliotropium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3D3CDFE95CF86EE178A3F903B36DCC02" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Heteropogon" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Heteropogon contortus" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="contortus">
<emphasis id="F8FD22A29675662C5CDD0187A401C5B8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Heteropogon contortus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(L.) P. Beauv. ex Roem. &amp; Schult.,
<taxonomicName id="D52534C69D2A97F2C3BEAB908AB37F9E" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Verbenaceae" genus="Lantana" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lantana" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="95A47C7D87284DBBA535E29E1860BC59" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Lantana</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="9B04B81518E22CF23723CBD18B8DE1B3" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia rigida" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="rigida">
<emphasis id="F4A509D426E492BAEA5AE3C51F236F1D" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Muhlenbergia rigida</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="4FB0B3F1D792A2E974AF33A036912E39" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Pitcairnia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Pitcairnia" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="D3A1AF99A961FE7E79409857C6BA894F" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Pitcairnia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="697EF366CA616679326EDA72FA0B8822" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Fabaceae" genus="Prosopis" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Prosopis" order="Rosales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="9C4CB69DF01EEBE4D8E66C64B1988C2A" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Prosopis</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="3121116716249615A08131BFC1CC7863" authorityName="Molina" authorityYear="1782" class="Liliopsida" family="Bromeliaceae" genus="Puya" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Puya" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Liliopsida" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="32CEB10E096AA73FB77EC99E23F0991E" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Puya</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="28F62621B61D40CED0E96C1830FFDC6A" class="Dicotyledoneae" family="Lamiaceae" genus="Salvia" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Salvia" order="Tubiflorae" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="7F4804F05A8E0D4440D8055C8E1E4257" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Salvia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="767BF7E601A694F27CC4FE98FC4A18E9" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Anacardiaceae" genus="Schinus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schinus molle" order="Sapindales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="species" species="molle">
<emphasis id="556ADBAC9912AB5F4856F2A439806D48" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Schinus molle</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="9F94EB8946B72680500409EA7507768F" class="Equisetopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Schizachyrium" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Schizachyrium" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Magnoliophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="8CA2F99C087BCA91A9560747397C97DD" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Schizachyrium</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
; 1150-3500 m.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="61E4A2556E1FF4059AC9D25AF2D1A544" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="comments">
<paragraph id="36EAE6806456CE279529DBDA05D0E668" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Comments.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="54D89AD31746E44505E54485148BCEEA" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="047B11FD9BF08CFBD7FB51C0B8289865" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="5F4994F572B6F310616BCBBA56DBE656" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Muhlenbergia microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
can sometimes be confused with
<taxonomicName id="E688CB4CDBAACC654A2145A64139D792" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis id="B5C39ACB989569E5A5DA60744376BFD0" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and differs from it by having cleistogamous panicles in the axils of the lower sheaths and shorter, obtuse glumes, 0.4-1.3 mm long (glumes acute to acuminate, 2-2.8 mm long in
<taxonomicName id="B40BBBAFD518AFC968B6EE55E27A1B9C" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. romaschenkoi" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="romaschenkoi">
<emphasis id="F97E1995A2CD76CBEDD60B32C14D76F7" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. romaschenkoi</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="02398CEC887D6EA55196B084F1824745" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
In a molecular DNA sequence study,
<taxonomicName id="3B9423412A173B3F7E113C4AC4588F24" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microsperma">
<emphasis id="813C3C13C20A70928448384AD467A614" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. microsperma</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
forms a strongly supported clade with two other annuals,
<taxonomicName id="7A38B95B667B89CE9CAABB80E1A9E45E" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. appressa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="appressa">
<emphasis id="14F4EDE591988C721426DCF62B55E8F8" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. appressa</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.O. Godding and
<taxonomicName id="B07364EBBD4EE6D42BA3DFF2FA397352" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. brandegei" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brandegei">
<emphasis id="F36A3B764217CEF16D8105D255E6F9B3" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. brandegei</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
C.G. Reeder, all members of
<taxonomicName id="BFCABB04D24496A70B116CF674D2D5BE" authority="subg. Muhlenbergia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Muhlenbergia</taxonomicName>
(Fig.
<figureCitation id="64C662B7DAF0E2963A6FA2768EA68FCF" captionStart="Figure 1" captionStartId="F1" captionText="Figure 1. A, B Maximum-likelihood tree inferred from combined plastid (ndhA intron, rps 16 - trnK, rps 16 intron, rps 3, and rpl 32 - trnL) and ITS sequences. Thick branches indicate posterior probabilities of 0.95 - 1; species in red occur in South America; scale bar = 2 %." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.114.28799.figure1" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/254042" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">1B</figureCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="0CE1ED5EE3D031A527A748B6F4C4DDFA" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
). These three species produce cleistogamous spikelets in the axils of the lower culm branches, enclosed by a sheath (
<bibRefCitation id="BB0B65B11704886771AE72AAB9314BAD" DOI="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="Systematic Botany Monographs" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="1 - 109" refId="B25" refString="Peterson, PM, Annable, CR, 1991. Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae). Systematic Botany Monographs 31: 1 - 109, DOI: https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" title="Systematics of the annual species of Muhlenbergia (Poaceae - Eragrostideae)." url="https://doi.org/10.2307/25027794" volume="31" year="1991">Peterson and Annable 1991</bibRefCitation>
).
<taxonomicName id="8326DE9FD54D1F4034FD6E6F55449DF6" genus="Cleistogamous" lsidName="Cleistogamous" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" rank="genus">Cleistogamous</taxonomicName>
spikelets appear to have evolved twice within
<taxonomicName id="24C6850FDE8E885F186C203F4DDDF947" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Muhlenbergia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Muhlenbergia" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="542DA6E3B214C9EDE956F657E91249B1" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Muhlenbergia</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, once in
<taxonomicName id="E3434148218674011475B2DD2CAFC9CC" authority="subg. Muhlenbergia" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="M." higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="subg." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="genus">M. subg. Muhlenbergia</taxonomicName>
within the
<emphasis id="0BA83D00402063D04BEE0BA8A9DD548E" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
<taxonomicName id="FEC42AD23E1DF3259D482CC8BB5FACA4" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. appressa" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="appressa">M. appressa</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="AF6E5D126B7D4E1A1B52BD6CC9B365F3" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. brandegei" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="brandegei">M. brandegei</taxonomicName>
-
<taxonomicName id="A0C5319B0B88149468047DC89E4A1915" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. microsperma" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="microsperma">M. microsperma</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
clade and once in
<taxonomicName id="B46023C5A88AAD488D990A8F4AEC0EEB" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" infraspecific-rank="sect." kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M." order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="section" section="Pseudosporobolus">M. sect. Pseudosporobolus</taxonomicName>
in
<taxonomicName id="00F86D847DDF107153A48CA8EA967812" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Poaceae" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="M. cuspidata" order="Poales" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" phylum="Angiospermae" rank="species" species="cuspidata">
<emphasis id="6FC972F32FA49474424FE419B38B08F5" italics="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">M. cuspidata</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
(Torr. ex Hook.) Rydb. (
<bibRefCitation id="3080570C2BB3C4FC90068B8A19D2683A" author="Morden, CW" journalOrPublisher="Sida" pageId="58" pageNumber="181" pagination="254 - 255" refId="B20" refString="Morden, CW, Hatch, SL, 1984. Cleistogamy in Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Poaceae). Sida 10: 254 - 255" title="Cleistogamy in Muhlenbergia cuspidata (Poaceae)." volume="10" year="1984">Morden and Hatch 1984</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="086C4C8720DED8C8EC661755B84D4865" DOI="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" author="Peterson, PM" journalOrPublisher="American Journal of Botany" pageId="59" pageNumber="182" pagination="1532 - 1554" refId="B38" refString="Peterson, PM, Romaschenko, K, Johnson, G, 2010b. A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences. American Journal of Botany 97 (9): 1532 - 1554, DOI: https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" title="A phylogeny and classification of the Muhlenbergiinae (Poaceae: Chloridoideae: Cynodonteae) based on plastid and nuclear DNA sequences." url="https://doi.org/10.3732/ajb.0900359" volume="97" year="2010 b">Peterson et al. 2010b</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="605F3232908D620996E6051911B6DA7D" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="38" pageNumber="161" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="501F4E818297183E561CF280157BEDA1" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Specimens examined.</paragraph>
<paragraph id="512FC5EB8D81F794D893826A0C64726B" lastPageId="39" lastPageNumber="162" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">
Peru.
<emphasis id="67361E62C2CAE5FAC8689F3832594F6A" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Ancash</emphasis>
: at the Rio Yanamayo crossing, 57 km N of San Luis on road towards Pomabamba, 2540 m, 24 Mar 1997, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 13896 (US, USM); 68 km from Casma towards Huaraz, 1700 m, 4 Apr 1988, S.A. Renvoize &amp; S.
<normalizedToken id="EA66969120F78F07BCD2DF9A7F89720A" originalValue="Lægaard">Laegaard</normalizedToken>
5047 (CPUN, K); Pallasca, divide between Rio Conchucos and Rio Plata, low end of road up to Pampas from Rio Conchucos, above Mollapata crossing of Rio Tablachaca,
<geoCoordinate id="0B0B53A35D85CB434B3487C5857E9E6A" degrees="8" direction="south" minutes="12" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.1" value="-8.202528">8°12'9.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="4CA2A80C8D537D34ECFFD4F954712E2D" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="56" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="20.6" value="-77.93906">77°56'20.6&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2233 m, 21 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson &amp; R.J. Soreng 21833 (MO, US, USM).
<emphasis id="CCD318E8987814D62F8F8391626176F6" bold="true" pageId="38" pageNumber="161">Apurimac</emphasis>
: Aymaraes, 16 km NW of Chalhuanca,
<geoCoordinate id="20CC0FFB670E17160F7C1969B9E20BC7" degrees="14" direction="south" minutes="10" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="16.4" value="-14.171223">14°10'16.4&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="AAC1162199632B0050F3812A3FF9EA31" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="19" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="26.1" value="-73.32391">73°19'26.1&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2670 m, 14 Mar 2002, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 16511 (US, USM); Chincheros,
<pageBreakToken id="22622180C8C593744998FF62379EF98F" pageId="39" pageNumber="162" start="start">canyon</pageBreakToken>
of Rio Pampas, between Ayacucho and Abancay on hwy 7, 7 km S of bridge over Rio Pampas,
<geoCoordinate id="6BA05114BBE4C88444A5C3F56ACC20BA" degrees="13" direction="south" minutes="28" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="42.1" value="-13.478361">13°28'42.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="7D65F82F56393897AD02536A296FFBF3" degrees="73" direction="west" minutes="49" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="32" value="-73.825554">73°49'32&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2049 m, 17 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng, K. Romaschenko &amp; D. Susanibar Cruz 20535 (MO, US, USM).
<emphasis id="D426C3785BAB5845A87B775522DA91A0" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Ayacucho</emphasis>
: alrededores de Huanta, 2400 m, 30 Apr 1964, O. Tovar 4829 (US, USM).
<emphasis id="8F612BF35E1806341840E9486390E551" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Cajamarca</emphasis>
: Cajabamba, WSW of Cajabamba, 14 air km E of Araqueda,
<geoCoordinate id="ABA5BC6E4E5EC8B3FA3AD7C1FCA8503D" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="39" orientation="latitude" precision="1" seconds="9.1" value="-7.652528">7°39'9.1&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="872ECA3BAAFBDA24CA1E7FF2602A231E" degrees="78" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="58.9" value="-78.16636">78°9'58.9&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2242 m, 23 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson &amp; R.J. Soreng 21855 (US, USM); Cajamarca, Cerro Huacaris, valle de Cajamarca, 1 Jun 1971, I.
<normalizedToken id="2FBC203B7A4E987298E530C1BAAB3B00" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 726, W. Ruiz Vigo &amp; J. Tejada (CPUN); Cajamarca, abajo de San Juan, siguiendo la carretera
<normalizedToken id="2506B13C5B5D5817109134773FB65B06" originalValue="CajamarcaPacasmayo">Cajamarca-Pacasmayo</normalizedToken>
, 1900 m, 18 May 1986, I.
<normalizedToken id="2CF85609B0EE37FB98E7BA65F381C01A" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 4072 (CPUN); Cajamarca, entre San Juan y Magdalena, 1800 m, 15 May 1971, I.
<normalizedToken id="42F52B130BD0189467B55C7FD6870EB7" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 657 &amp; W. Ruiz Vigo (CPUN); entre Chancay y Valle de Condebamba, 2600 m, 6 May 1972, I.
<normalizedToken id="BD3A6E01EE7A7A4C676FE01596F6FECA" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 944, W. Ruiz Vigo &amp; M. Malpica R. (CPUN); Dist.
<normalizedToken id="21D18FDC06C1432B4476425FFD472760" originalValue="Ichocán">Ichocan</normalizedToken>
, en el Arboretum
<normalizedToken id="6B646D3480A095C590AE3574007A4E06" originalValue="Ichocán">Ichocan</normalizedToken>
II de CICAFOR, entre la localidad de Chacay y Valle Condebamba, 2450 m, 29 Mar 1981, I.
<normalizedToken id="5AD7112FDF166E513A6812BB8ED78EDA" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 2409, V. Torrel &amp; E. Medina (CPUN); Celendin,
<normalizedToken id="B2C4A899081AFAF6D3A287CF5851F25B" originalValue="Marañón">Maranon</normalizedToken>
River Valley, Chachapoyas-Cajamarca road, 1900 m, 28 May 1984, D.N. Smith &amp; J. Cabanillas 7254 (MO, US); Chota, Dist. Cochabamba, a 1km sobre la carretera
<normalizedToken id="79BD89DF70A0E451669882D5277045DC" originalValue="CochabambaCutervo">Cochabamba-Cutervo</normalizedToken>
, 1720 m, 15 Jun 1980, I.
<normalizedToken id="A06E76FD95B1FB27D4AC234795D44BBB" originalValue="Sánchez">Sanchez</normalizedToken>
Vega 2288 (CPUN).
<emphasis id="C9DD77218808C904F13FB3456F9F951D" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Cusco</emphasis>
: Anta, Sisal, Limatambo, 2300 m, 15 Mar 1963, C. Vargas C. 14327 (US, USM); Anta, Sisal-Cunyaee, 2100 m, 14 May 1965, C. Vargas C. 16316 (US, USM).
<emphasis id="1ED047AA11E40F89B8B83A90CB09B909" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Huancavelica</emphasis>
: Salcabamba-Colcabamba, camino a Pampas, 2000 m, 22 Apr 1962, O. Tovar 3834 (US, USM); Tayacaja, alrededores de Mayoc, 2400 m, 9 Apr 1966, O. Tovar 5589 (US, USM).
<emphasis id="2FCDBAB60548700A6638DD591242B7F5" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">
<normalizedToken id="A88A7E682F9B0052FCA1B43729559844" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
</emphasis>
:
<normalizedToken id="29941FE5CC317BE1252AF4FD26A4B046" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, W side of canyon of Rio Huallaga, S of Ambo, 7 km on hwy 3 towards Cerro de Pasco,
<geoCoordinate id="D171192FD6D0AA93665AEA50436A803F" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="11" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="49" value="-10.196944">10°11'49&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="DCC26EC6D22C8AC17DFDAA979F05CF1C" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="9" orientation="longitude" precision="15" seconds="54" value="-76.165">76°9'54&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2345 m, 6 Mar 2007, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; K. Romaschenko 20326 (US, USM);
<normalizedToken id="50739A56BD22D86668CC3562A6953E64" originalValue="Huánuco">Huanuco</normalizedToken>
, 2125 M, 25 Apr 1923, J.F. Macbride 3514 (F, US); 5 Apr 1923, J.F. Macbride 3217 (F, US).
<emphasis id="3565C74A44D6DCA2BA860555806759C6" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">La Libertad</emphasis>
: Bolivar, 4.6 air km NW of Longotea, SE of San Vicente on road from Balsas to Longotea,
<geoCoordinate id="BE6EB90CFF88786F975AB27573C13E72" degrees="7" direction="south" minutes="0" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="38" value="-7.0105557">7°0'38&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="6FA4A63578245087F7362177C0161A5A" degrees="77" direction="west" minutes="54" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="15.2" value="-77.90422">77°54'15.2&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2058 m, 31 Mar 2008, P.M. Peterson, R.J. Soreng &amp; J. Montoya Quino 21970 (MO, US, USM); Otuzco, Quirrpe-Membrillar, 1150 m, 7 Dec 1952, A.
<normalizedToken id="B6E3877D8763377E20140A38BAEA7412" originalValue="López">Lopez</normalizedToken>
Miranda 927 (US); Santiago de Chuco, 22 km E of Huamachuco on road towards Sarin above Rio Chusgon, 2500 m, 29 Mar 1997, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 13973 (US, USM).
<emphasis id="8ECC0F65DB703FAF3119DF5983A1DF3A" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Lima</emphasis>
: Canta, 2 km SE of San Jose Canta,
<geoCoordinate id="3A339E3515C70E6FFA58418039572215" degrees="11" direction="south" minutes="30" orientation="latitude" precision="15" seconds="2" value="-11.500556">11°30'2&quot;S</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate id="0E17833D9E89CD941E58B4A0D5693297" degrees="76" direction="west" minutes="40" orientation="longitude" precision="1" seconds="23.4" value="-76.673164">76°40'23.4&quot;W</geoCoordinate>
, 2232 m, 27 Mar 2004, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 17985 (MO, US, USM); Huarochiri, Matucana, 2430 m, 12 Apr 1922, J.F. Macbride &amp; Featherstone 392 (F, US); Huarochiri, km 70 carretera Lima-Oroya, 1800 m, 15 May 1963, R. Ferreyra 14892 (US, USM); km 68, cerca Surco, entre Chosica y Matucana, 1400 m, 27 Mar 1955, R. Ferreyra 10498 (US, USM); km 72 de la carretera Lima-Oroya, cerca de Surro, 1800 m, 14 May 1948, R. Ferreyra 3485 (MOL, US, USM); Prov. Lima, above Paya, E. Asplund 10825 (NY).
<emphasis id="EC6DB71DCC37A10C459930741E89D0E7" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Piura</emphasis>
: Huancabamba, 10 km N of Sondor and 3 km S of Huancabamba, 1860 m, 1 Apr 2000, P.M. Peterson &amp; N. Refulio Rodriguez 15167 (CPUN, MO, US, USM).
<emphasis id="1F01B4CFA936C757CDAC9B43AAF59624" bold="true" pageId="39" pageNumber="162">Tacna</emphasis>
: Zarata, Sitiqui, 3500 m, 7 Apr 1959, C. Vargas C. 12588 (US, USM).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>