309 lines
37 KiB
XML
309 lines
37 KiB
XML
<document id="7AF718FD9D301E5DD555373DABFEB4EC" ID-CLB-Dataset="276464" ID-DOI="10.1649/072.066.0317" ID-GBIF-Dataset="503e47fa-055e-4f34-8d05-29a25e663381" ID-ISSN="1938-4394" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108175" IM.metadata_approvedBy="carolina" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="carolina" checkinTime="1630188719024" checkinUser="diego" docAuthor="Otto, Robert L." docDate="2012" docId="3515C669D90DFFEAFF0AFD79FE4EFAF2" docLanguage="en" docName="072.066.0317.pdf.imf" docOrigin="The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (3)" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.1649/072.066.0317" docStyle="DocumentStyle:0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620.8:TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleId="0305A7CAC51C960DDA50A7292A4D3620" docStyleName="TheColeopBull.2010-2016.journal_article.0cover" docStyleVersion="8" docTitle="Deltometopus amoenicornis" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="288" masterDocId="C92CBE11D90CFFE9FFB4FFE9FF93FFEA" masterDocTitle="Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part II: Description of the Mature Larva ofDeltometopus amoenicornis (Say, 1836) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Macraulacini), with Notes on Its Biology" masterLastPageNumber="288" masterPageNumber="285" pageNumber="286" updateTime="1699644186514" updateUser="ExternalLinkService" zenodo-license-document="CLOSED">
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<mods:title id="55C8283439AB979D58F29523A87C9C43">Eucnemid Larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part II: Description of the Mature Larva ofDeltometopus amoenicornis (Say, 1836) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Macraulacinae: Macraulacini), with Notes on Its Biology</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="D9E4903FA48EB82DD5F2DEDC087D4F8D">Otto, Robert L.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="C86367B3D3D8C004BD79D5FB8F0BAD43">The Coleopterists Bulletin</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="0ABA0820DEBFDD2C1350A2F277FED60B">
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<mods:date id="FD7C95EC18DE170E44A07CCCFFA35ACE">2012</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="1BE9FBE39996E08110DBF280FEE0922C">2012-09-30</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="257F90F01BAF440CFDE4E22264567757">66</mods:number>
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<mods:identifier id="8C2B8AAF34818FF7262AE0F2F1230CCB" type="DOI">10.1649/072.066.0317</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="3515C669D90DFFEAFF0AFD79FE4EFAF2" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5442985" ID-GBIF-Taxon="217232471" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5442985" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:3515C669D90DFFEAFF0AFD79FE4EFAF2" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/3515C669D90DFFEAFF0AFD79FE4EFAF2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<subSubSection id="F5A624F4D90DFFE8FF0AFD79FE52FD30" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="BD03777FD90DFFE8FF0AFD79FE52FD30" blockId="1.[190,599,656,731]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FF0AFD79FDC4FD4F" bold="true" box="[190,599,656,677]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90DFFE8FF0AFD79FDC1FD4F" authority="(Say, 1836)" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[190,594,656,677]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FF0AFD79FE42FD4F" bold="true" box="[190,465,656,677]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Deltometopus amoenicornis</emphasis>
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(Say, 1836)
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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</emphasis>
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mature larva (
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<figureCitation id="25876BFAD90DFFE8FEE8FD2CFE2AFD30" box="[348,441,709,731]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[172,1193,183,1564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Deltometopus amoenicornis, mature larva. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs. 1–5</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="F5A624F4D90DFFE8FF1BFD19FBD4FD71" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="description">
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<paragraph id="BD03777FD90DFFE8FF1BFD19FBD4FD71" blockId="1.[151,639,752,1729]" lastBlockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FF1BFD19FEB4FCEF" bold="true" box="[175,295,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Description.</emphasis>
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Length 9.0–10.0 mm, width 1.0 mm. Orthosomatic.
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FE91FCE3FEC9FCF5" bold="true" box="[293,346,778,799]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Body</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="25876BFAD90DFFE8FEDCFCE3FE32FCF5" box="[360,417,778,799]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[172,1193,183,1564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Deltometopus amoenicornis, mature larva. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
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): Subcylindrical, sides parallel, yellow with head, prothoracic sclerome patches, and caudal end of abdominal segment IX dark brown. Setae reduced or absent. Pair of small legs reduced to dome-like structures present near posteriorlateral areas of each thoracic segment. Dorsal and ventral microtrichial patches slightly darker in color compared to its surrounding areas.
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FF23FC36FF5DFC1E" bold="true" box="[151,206,991,1012]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Head</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="25876BFAD90DFFE8FF55FC36FEB1FC1E" box="[225,290,991,1012]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[172,1193,183,1564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Deltometopus amoenicornis, mature larva. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
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): Strongly flattened, prognathous, disproportionally small and inserted into the prothorax. Head capsule heavily sclerotized, disc unmodified. Venter of head capsule similar to dorsum, except for pair of yellow lines extending from first lateral projection as it sinuates toward posterior end of the head capsule. Each lateral side of head capsule with four projections. First lateral projection directed laterally to posteriolaterally. Lateral side of first projection darkly pigmented brown to black. Second through 4
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<superScript id="4AC9DA37D90DFFE8FE50FB0AFE61FB1B" attach="left" box="[484,498,1251,1265]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">th</superScript>
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lateral projections each directed laterally. Third lateral projection distinctly longer than other projections. Antennae nearly indistinct, arising between 3
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<superScript id="4AC9DA37D90DFFE8FE40FADAFD90FAAB" attach="left" box="[500,515,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">rd</superScript>
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and 4
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<superScript id="4AC9DA37D90DFFE8FDF2FADAFDC7FAAB" attach="left" box="[582,596,1331,1345]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">th</superScript>
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lateral projections. Mandibles minute, resting in the mesal acumination of the head capsule between the 4
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<superScript id="4AC9DA37D90DFFE8FF7EFA6AFF4BFA7B" attach="left" box="[202,216,1411,1425]" fontSize="6" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">th</superScript>
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lateral projections. Each mandible heavily sclerotized, oval, longer than wide with 2 outwardly projecting teeth. Labial and maxillary palpi extremely small. Hypostomal rods absent. Ligula, mala, lacinia, and galea not visible.
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FDA0FA1BFDEDF9ED" bold="true" box="[532,638,1522,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Prothorax</emphasis>
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(
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<figureCitation id="25876BFAD90DFFE8FF2AF9E4FEB5F9C8" box="[158,294,1549,1570]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[172,1193,183,1564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Deltometopus amoenicornis, mature larva. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Figs. 3 and 4</figureCitation>
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): Subequal to preceding 2 thoracic segments. A pair of subtrapezoidal scleromes present, widest at the lateral side, narrowing towards the median on the tergum. Elongated, tear drop-shaped microtrichial patch present between the scleromes. Small circular areole present beneath it, near middle of the segment. Sternum similar to tergum, except sclerome more triangular and internally incised near posterior end.
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FB94FF34FCB3FEE6" bold="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Meso– and metathorax</emphasis>
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||
: Each tergum and sternum with oval microtrichial patches. Small, oval areole present near middle of each segment, beneath the patch.
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FD19FEAEFC9CFEB6" bold="true" box="[685,783,327,348]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Abdomen</emphasis>
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: Abdominal segments I-IX subequal in length and width. Abdominal terga I-VII each with relatively large, subtriangular microtrichial patch. Small, oval areole present beneath the patch, near middle of the segment. Smaller microtrichial patch and circular areole present on abdominal tergum VIII. Abdominal sterna I-VIII similar to each terga. Ninth abdominal tergum lacking patches, but sparsely punctate near caudal end. Ninth abdominal sternum (
|
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<figureCitation id="25876BFAD90DFFE8FD01FDDFFD61FDA1" box="[693,754,566,587]" captionStart="Figs" captionStartId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" captionTargetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" captionTargetId="figure-1@2.[172,1193,183,1564]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="Figs. 1–5. Deltometopus amoenicornis, mature larva. 1) Dorsal habitus; 2) Head, dorsal view; 3) Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view; 4) Head and thoracic regions, ventral view; 5) Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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) heavily sclerotized at caudal half, with prominent oblong, semicircular ring of asperities around anal region. Urogomphi absent on abdominal segment IX. Spiracles annular-biforous.
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</paragraph>
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||
</subSubSection>
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||
<subSubSection id="F5A624F4D90DFFE8FD71FD49FCC6FBE5" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="BD03777FD90DFFE8FD71FD49FCC6FBE5" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FD71FD49FCDEFD5F" bold="true" box="[709,845,672,693]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Distribution.</emphasis>
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<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90DFFE8FCEFFD49FBE4FD5F" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[859,1143,672,693]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FCEFFD49FBE4FD5F" box="[859,1143,672,693]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Deltometopus amoenicornis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known from
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FC85FD52FC0CFD3A" bold="true" box="[817,927,699,720]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<collectingCountry id="C5AB37EFD90DFFE8FC85FD52FC0CFD3A" box="[817,927,699,720]" name="Canada" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">CANADA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC1BFD52FBC1FD3A" box="[943,1106,699,720]" country="Canada" name="New Brunswick" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">New Brunswick</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBEBFD52FD7DFD00" country="Canada" name="Nova Scotia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Nova Scotia</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD4FFD3CFCDAFD00" box="[763,841,725,746]" country="Canada" name="Ontario" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ontario</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCE3FD3CFBA7FD00" box="[855,1076,725,746]" country="Canada" name="Prince Edward Island" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Prince Edward Island</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBF6FD3CFB03FD00" box="[1090,1168,725,746]" country="Canada" name="Quebec" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Québec</collectingRegion>
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||
;
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<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FD19FD19FD4DFCEF" bold="true" box="[685,734,752,773]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
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<collectingCountry id="C5AB37EFD90DFFE8FD19FD19FD4DFCEF" box="[685,734,752,773]" name="United States of America" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">USA</collectingCountry>
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</emphasis>
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:
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD59FD19FCD6FCEF" box="[749,837,752,773]" country="United States of America" name="Alabama" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Alabama</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCE4FD19FC39FCEF" box="[848,938,752,773]" country="United States of America" name="Arkansas" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Arkansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC02FD19FB82FCEF" box="[950,1041,752,773]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Colorado</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBA8FD19FB03FCEF" box="[1052,1168,752,773]" country="United States of America" name="Connecticut" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Connecticut</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FCE3FC9FFCF5" box="[685,780,778,799]" country="United States of America" name="Delaware" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Delaware</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCA3FCE3FC70FCF5" box="[791,995,778,799]" country="United States of America" name="District of Columbia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">District of Columbia</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC59FCE3FBA6FCF5" box="[1005,1077,778,799]" country="United States of America" name="Florida" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Florida</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBF4FCE3FB03FCF5" box="[1088,1168,778,799]" country="United States of America" name="Georgia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Georgia</collectingRegion>
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,
|
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FCCCFD7CFCD0" box="[685,751,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Illinois" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Illinois</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD4DFCCCFCD3FCD0" box="[761,832,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Indiana" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Indiana</collectingRegion>
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,
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCFDFCCCFCEAFCD0" box="[841,889,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Iowa" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Iowa</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC37FCCCFC5BFCD0" box="[899,968,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Kansas" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Kansas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC64FCCCFBB9FCD0" box="[976,1066,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Kentucky" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Kentucky</collectingRegion>
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,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FB80FCCCFB03FCD0" box="[1076,1168,805,826]" country="United States of America" name="Louisiana" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Louisiana</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FCA9FD61FCBF" box="[685,754,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Maine" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Maine</collectingRegion>
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||
,
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||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCB0FCA9FCFFFCBF" box="[772,876,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Maryland" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Maryland</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
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<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCC9FCA9FB8BFCBF" box="[893,1048,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Massachusetts" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Massachusetts</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FB9DFCA9FB03FCBF" box="[1065,1168,832,853]" country="United States of America" name="Michigan" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Michigan</collectingRegion>
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||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FCB3FC86FC85" box="[685,789,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Minnesota" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Minnesota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC95FCB3FC02FC85" box="[801,913,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Mississippi" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Mississippi</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC2FFCB3FC60FC85" box="[923,1011,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Missouri" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Missouri</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC4AFCB3FBC8FC85" box="[1022,1115,858,879]" country="United States of America" name="Nebraska" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Nebraska</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBD2FCB3FC85FC60" country="United States of America" name="New Hampshire" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">New Hampshire</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCABFC9CFC1FFC60" box="[799,908,885,906]" country="United States of America" name="New Jersey" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">New Jersey</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC22FC9CFC6BFC60" box="[918,1016,885,906]" country="United States of America" name="New York" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">New York</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBB6FC9CFB03FC60" box="[1026,1168,885,906]" country="United States of America" name="North Carolina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">North Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FC66FC85FC4E" box="[685,790,911,932]" country="United States of America" name="Oklahoma" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Oklahoma</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC97FC66FCC4FC4E" box="[803,855,911,932]" country="United States of America" name="Ohio" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Ohio</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCD7FC66FC79FC4E" box="[867,1002,911,932]" country="United States of America" name="Pennsylvania" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Pennsylvania</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC42FC66FB03FC4E" box="[1014,1168,911,932]" country="United States of America" name="South Carolina" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">South Carolina</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FC43FCA3FC55" box="[685,816,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="South Dakota" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">South Dakota</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC8DFC43FC08FC55" box="[825,923,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Tennessee" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Tennessee</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC10FC43FC4FFC55" box="[932,988,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Texas" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Texas</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FC52FC43FBAAFC55" box="[998,1081,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Vermont" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Vermont</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FBF6FC43FB03FC55" box="[1090,1168,938,959]" country="United States of America" name="Virginia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD19FC2DFCA3FC33" box="[685,816,964,985]" country="United States of America" name="West Virginia" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">West Virginia</collectingRegion>
|
||
, and
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FCD7FC2DFC56FC33" box="[867,965,964,985]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90DFFE8FC65FC2DFBDDFC33" author="Muona" box="[977,1102,964,985]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="1 - 106" refId="ref2564" refString="Muona, J. 2000. A Revision of the Nearctic Eucnemidae. Acta Zoologica Fennica 212: 1 - 106." type="journal article" year="2000">Muona 2000</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90DFFE8FBECFC2DFD77FC1E" author="Majka" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="33 - 46" refId="ref2519" refString="Majka, C. G. 2007. The Eucnemidae (Coleoptera) of the Maritime Provinces of Canada: new records, observations on composition and zoogeography, and comments on the rarity of saproxylic beetles. Zootaxa 1636: 33 - 46." type="journal article" year="2007">Majka 2007</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). All specimens used in this study came from
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD52FC13FCC2FBE5" box="[742,849,1018,1039]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="F5A624F4D90DFFEAFD71FBFDFE4EFAF2" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="biology_ecology">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90DFFE8FD71FBFDFC09FA07" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FD71FBFDFC84FBC3" bold="true" box="[709,791,1044,1065]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Biology.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90DFFE8FC90FBFDFBD5FBC3" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[804,1094,1044,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FC90FBFDFBD5FBC3" box="[804,1094,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Deltometopus amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, found largely east of the Rocky Mountains, with records in
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FD7FFBA0FCBBFBB4" box="[715,808,1097,1118]" country="United States of America" name="Colorado" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Colorado</collectingRegion>
|
||
, is one of the most commonly collected species of false click beetle. The species thrives in a variety of forest systems. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90DFFE8FB9EFB96FB03FB7E" box="[1066,1168,1151,1172]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, I collected adult specimens in northern dry-mesic forest, northern hardwood swamp, northern mesic forest, northern wet-mesic forest, floodplain forest, southern dry-mesic forest, southern hardwood swamp, southern mesic forest, and oak barrens.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90DFFE8FD19FAF7FCDDFAD9" author="Blatchley & An Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera" box="[685,846,1310,1331]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" refId="ref2461" refString="Blatchley, W. S. 1910. An Illustrated Descriptive Catalogue of the Coleoptera or Beetles (exclusive of Rhynchophora) Known to Occur in Indiana. Nature Publishing Company, Indianapolis, IN." type="book" year="1910">Blatchley (1910)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
wrote that the beetles were often beaten from vegetation and found in damp localities.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90DFFE8FD6FFABAFCECFA82" author="Van Horn" box="[731,895,1363,1384]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="54 - 62" refId="ref2684" refString="Van Horn, R. W. 1909. Notes on some of the Eucnemidae of the eastern States (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae). Proceedings of the Entomological Society of Washington 11: 54 - 62." type="journal article" year="1909">Van Horn (1909)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
found this species under the bark of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90DFFE8FCB7FA87FBF1FA69" authority="Miller" authorityName="Miller" box="[771,1122,1390,1411]" class="Pinopsida" family="Pinaceae" genus="Pinus" kingdom="Plantae" order="Pinales" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="virginiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90DFFE8FCB7FA87FC3BFA69" box="[771,936,1390,1411]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">Pinus virginiana</emphasis>
|
||
Miller (Pinaceae)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and mentions that no other biological information is known.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90DFFE8FCB7FA4AFC1BFA52" author="Knull" box="[771,904,1443,1464]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" pagination="177 - 181" refId="ref2497" refString="Knull, J. 1947. New Elateridae with notes on Eucnemidae. Entomological News. 57: 177 - 181." type="journal article" year="1947">Knull (1947)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
noted that he reared the species from badly decayed beech and that it overwintered as a larva.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90DFFEAFD71FA1BFEDFFEB6" blockId="1.[685,1173,194,1729]" lastBlockId="3.[151,639,194,1305]" lastPageId="3" lastPageNumber="288" pageId="1" pageNumber="286">
|
||
From my rearings,
|
||
<specimenCount id="ABBABCF6D90DFFE8FC21FA1BFC65F9ED" box="[917,1014,1522,1543]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" type="adult">13 adults</specimenCount>
|
||
emerged from
|
||
<date id="C90251BFD90DFFE8FD19F9E4FC21F9C8" box="[685,946,1549,1570]" pageId="1" pageNumber="286" value="2007-05-17" valueMax="2007-05-22" valueMin="2007-05-17">17 May to 22 May 2007</date>
|
||
. All were placed in a vial with pieces of rotten wood to observe their behavior and to attempt to breed them. Adult beetles were observed on the wood pieces for a period of two weeks in the vial. During that time, they chewed numerous holes in the wood pieces, sometimes reducing it to dust. They snapped into the air when placed on their back. Like other eucnemid species,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF46FF34FE33FF18" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[242,416,221,242]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF46FF34FE33FF18" box="[242,416,221,242]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">D. amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
quivers its extended antennae. Eggs were laid on the wood pieces and on the side of the vial. First instars were first seen on
|
||
<date id="C90251BFD90FFFEAFF01FEC5FEBBFEAB" box="[181,296,300,321]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" value="2007-06-06">6 June 2007</date>
|
||
when larval cadavers were found on the side of the vial.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="E9C327F7D90EFFEBFF71F9DAFBE0F9B4" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10108177" ID-Zenodo-Dep="10108177" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/10108177/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" startId="2.[197,237,1587,1606]" targetBox="[178,1186,193,1555]" targetPageId="2">
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90EFFEBFF71F9DAFBE0F9B4" blockId="2.[173,1192,1587,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFF71F9DAFE8DF9AC" bold="true" box="[197,286,1587,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Figs. 1–5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90EFFEBFE80F9DAFDB2F9AF" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[308,545,1587,1605]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="2" pageNumber="287" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFE80F9DAFDB2F9AF" box="[308,545,1587,1605]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">Deltometopus amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, mature larva.
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFD2AF9DAFD21F9AC" bold="true" box="[670,690,1587,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">1)</emphasis>
|
||
Dorsal habitus;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFC88F9DAFCDCF9AC" bold="true" box="[828,847,1587,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">2)</emphasis>
|
||
Head, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFC4CF9DAFB98F9AC" bold="true" box="[1016,1035,1587,1606]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">3)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic regions, dorsal view;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFED3F9A2FEE8F9B4" bold="true" box="[359,379,1611,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">4)</emphasis>
|
||
Head and thoracic regions, ventral view;
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90EFFEBFD53F9A2FD68F9B4" bold="true" box="[743,763,1611,1630]" pageId="2" pageNumber="287">5)</emphasis>
|
||
Abdominal segments VII-IX, ventral view.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90FFFEAFF1BFE8BFDE5FD00" blockId="3.[151,639,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
|
||
Once the larva ecloses, it can be postulated that it immediately finds a suitable opening to burrow into the sap wood. Larvae were positioned parallel with the wood grain and burrowing between layers of wood fibers, leaving no galleries behind. The head capsule is useful as a wedge while the body undergoes peristalsis to allow the larva to move through the sapwood. I found this species does not undergo a hypermetamorphic lifecycle, as I observed in other genera like
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFE00FDB8FF54FD6A" authority="Berthold, 1827" authorityName="Berthold" authorityYear="1827" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Nematodes" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFE00FDB8FD8DFD8C" box="[436,542,593,614]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Nematodes</emphasis>
|
||
Berthold, 1827
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
or
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF5EFD82FDB3FD6A" authority="Fleutiaux, 1935" authorityName="Fleutiaux" authorityYear="1935" box="[234,544,619,640]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Dirrhagofarsus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF5EFD82FEEEFD6A" box="[234,381,619,640]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Dirrhagofarsus</emphasis>
|
||
Fleutiaux, 1935
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. With the exception of the first instar, all other larval stages are similar in their physical appearances. I observed third, fourth, and fifth instars of different lengths found together in one area of the white rotten log.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90FFFEAFF1BFD19FDA0FC55" blockId="3.[151,639,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
|
||
All larvae have been extracted exclusively from white rotten wood. In
|
||
<collectingRegion id="7F78B99DD90FFFEAFE35FCE3FE7FFCF5" box="[385,492,778,799]" country="United States of America" name="Wisconsin" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Wisconsin</collectingRegion>
|
||
, I have found these larvae mainly in rotten maples (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFD95FCCCFDE5FCD0" box="[545,630,805,826]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Sapindaceae" genus="Acer" kingdom="Plantae" order="Sapindales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="undetermined">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFD95FCCCFDDCFCD0" box="[545,591,805,826]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Acer</emphasis>
|
||
sp.
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) and once in a rotten log of shagbark hickory (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF14FCB2FE4EFC85" authority="(Miller) K. Koch" authorityName="K. Koch" baseAuthorityName="Miller" box="[160,477,858,880]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" genus="Carya" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="ovata">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF14FCB2FE8DFC9A" box="[160,286,859,880]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Carya ovata</emphasis>
|
||
(Miller) K. Koch
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFE58FCB3FDE7FC85" box="[492,628,858,879]" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Juglandaceae" kingdom="Plantae" order="Fagales" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="family">Juglandaceae</taxonomicName>
|
||
). The rotten logs were quite moist in the parts from which the larvae were extracted. Larvae are usually found at about
|
||
<quantity id="7A44DA9AD90FFFEAFE9EFC43FEFFFC55" box="[298,364,938,959]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.5" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" unit="cm" value="2.5">2.5 cm</quantity>
|
||
beneath the surface.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="BD03777FD90FFFEAFF1BFC2DFE4EFAF2" blockId="3.[151,639,194,1305]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">
|
||
I observed two or more eucnemid species utilizing the same areas of the log. In addition to extracting larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFEEFFC13FE69FBE5" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[347,506,1018,1039]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFEEFFC13FE69FBE5" box="[347,506,1018,1039]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">D. amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, I also found larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF43FBFDFDE9FBC3" authority="(Horn, 1886)" baseAuthorityName="Horn" baseAuthorityYear="1886" box="[247,634,1044,1065]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Rhagomicrus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bonvouloiri">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF43FBFDFE7CFBC3" box="[247,495,1044,1065]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Rhagomicrus bonvouloiri</emphasis>
|
||
(Horn, 1886)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As I observed for that species (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="D92D0A8ED90FFFEAFE7FFBC6FDA2FBAE" author="Otto" box="[459,561,1071,1092]" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" pagination="219 - 223" refId="ref2626" refString="Otto, R. L. 2012. Eucnemid larvae of the Nearctic Region. Part I: Description of the larva of Rhagomicrus bonvouloiri (Horn, 1886) (Coleoptera: Eucnemidae: Melasinae: Dirrhagini), with notes on its biology. The Coleopterists Bulletin 66 (3): 219 - 223." type="journal article" year="2012">Otto 2012</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), larvae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF00FBA3FECBFBB5" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[180,344,1098,1119]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF00FBA3FECBFBB5" box="[180,344,1098,1119]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">D. amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
will construct a pupal chamber near the surface of the wood. They assume a U-shaped position inside the chamber before their final molt into a pupa. There are no physical differences between a prepupal stage and other larval instars. Pupation requires about two weeks.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7ABC0CFCD90FFFEAFF23FB00FE3AFB14" baseAuthorityName="SAY" baseAuthorityYear="1836" box="[151,425,1257,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Eucnemidae" genus="Deltometopus" higherTaxonomySource="GBIF" kingdom="Animalia" order="Coleoptera" pageId="3" pageNumber="288" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="amoenicornis">
|
||
<emphasis id="8FC8AB6DD90FFFEAFF23FB00FE3AFB14" box="[151,425,1257,1278]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="288">Deltometopus amoenicornis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
usually complete its development in about 1–2 years.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |