406 lines
51 KiB
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406 lines
51 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" ID-GBIF-Dataset="b9049e0e-c87a-45c3-a571-3008b0108fce" ID-PMC="PMC7557330" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1314-2003-162-45" ID-Pensoft-UUID="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" ID-PubMed="33110384" ModsDocID="1314-2003-162-45" checkinTime="1602130058990" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Sylvester, Steven P., Soreng, Robert J., Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V. & Clark, Vincent Ralph" docDate="2020" docId="33F5A787825A5407B4ABEBE4EF42A792" docLanguage="en" docName="PhytoKeys 162: 45-69" docOrigin="PhytoKeys 162" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550" docTitle="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. macra Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 720. 1900. Festuca macra (Stapf) E. B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1116. 1986" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" id="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" lastPageNumber="45" masterDocId="F6F902318CE951ED8048579E8D3BABF2" masterDocTitle="Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata" masterLastPageNumber="69" masterPageNumber="45" pageNumber="45" updateTime="1732710410348" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="D413FD4CB32EF2E0F795E7AB4A242F4F">Festuca drakensbergensis (Poaceae): A common new species in the F. caprina complex from the Drakensberg Mountain Centre of Floristic Endemism, southern Africa, with key and notes on taxa in the complex including the overlooked F. exaristata</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="E0E45C4EDFE3E4D0B2FE6D3023247905">Sylvester, Steven P.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="750B78D811D94594562E3FFA6D530C01">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="5BCCBCE75C52F8D5AA4BAD0FF8B38267" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5577-8782</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="93DDE64D9636A9A36ADE0108762469E9" type="email">steven_sylvester@hotmail.com</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="5C7626919B8D19C7E9BFE14101C71E28">Soreng, Robert J.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="204117E3522D48F7059F64EFB57F36B4">Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington DC 20013 - 7012, USA</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="113E64E5C36C09D2DD09D27900477870" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-4915</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:roleTerm id="FB9C8C1B34EFDA41FD7974EF0B63F8C9">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="D202E2CCCBDA8CCF71998F14939B96D5">Sylvester, Mitsy D. P. V.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="42DBA643D7AF8B5D1ADE9EF0CB8C5A5F">College of Biology and the Environment, Nanjing Forestry University, Long Pan Road No. 159, Nanjing, 210037, China</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="618FCCA2818674BBC49BB00A10A27C37">Clark, Vincent Ralph</mods:namePart>
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<mods:affiliation id="1B21B6A4D689025734E477A9334AB7A9">Afromontane Research Unit and Department of Geography, University of the Free State, Qwaqwa Campus, Phuthaditjhaba, 9866, South Africa</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="E4DEE7D2A51A937D36F97D94FCA07A6F" type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5058-0742</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="A076C993A027F66203A547C076174E8C">PhytoKeys</mods:title>
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<mods:date id="F9380B653CB9AD9E9FE4A9A6DFFBE579">2020</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="9B400A744E1CFB7747B8845AC0FD94F7" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="07D3CA5919244FCD7B4D030B90943FA8">162</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="B97201A0EFB1C6B3E962A08DC33950D0">45</mods:start>
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<mods:end id="B44F1C014F5FF7B9C492D87CE2699867">69</mods:end>
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<mods:url id="350C00BBB3FDA5F1109461DF2E2A8DB1">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550</mods:url>
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<mods:classification id="5A44BF721C7519AFC40F3817CCD0E573">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="1F6F43C94730BB4A814B2070599799D7" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="33F5A787825A5407B4ABEBE4EF42A792" ID-GBIF-Taxon="168243624" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:33F5A787825A5407B4ABEBE4EF42A792" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/33F5A787825A5407B4ABEBE4EF42A792" lastPageNumber="45" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" scope_family="Poaceae">
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<subSubSection id="9DD88D96C997D983B42F3D35C618C8A3" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="5C2EACE3645400A3FF5545EE74586B43" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<taxonomicName id="9AF52FEC8012541D0E07E1698741205B" ID-CoL="6HSQ7" LSID="33F5A787-825A-5407-B4AB-EBE4EF42A792" authority="Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 720. 1900. Festuca macra (Stapf) E. B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1116. 1986." class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. macra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">Festuca caprina var. macra Stapf, Fl. Cap. 7: 720. 1900. Festuca macra (Stapf) E.B. Alexeev, Bot. Zhurn. (Moscow & Leningrad) 71(8): 1116. 1986.</taxonomicName>
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<figureCitation id="055A72BBC9BEB108CB7C3E659E62319C" captionStart="Figure 5" captionStartId="F5" captionText="Figure 5. Festuca caprina var. macra. A Whole plant B abaxial leaf blade surface of tiller C spikelet, lateral view. Images of S. P. Sylvester et al. 3480 (US)." figureDoi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460437" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Fig. 5</figureCitation>
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,
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<figureCitation id="F7E82D492D15504211E07601115B5142" captionStart="Table 1" captionStartId="T1" captionText="Table 1. Differences in key morphological characters between the species of the Festuca caprina complex in southern Africa." pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Table 1</figureCitation>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="A3984792B1276C7BD464641E2EDD8182" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="B7296DBA97D4ADE25493D8CB314C8B29" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Type.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="767BC43EC47FF27A6B2ED70A36924BC7" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">South Africa. [Kalahari Region: Orange Free State:] Wittebergen, near Harrismith, Comm. O. MacOwan, Feb 1877, Buchanan 262 (holotype: K (K000345247 [image!]); isotype: PRE! fragm. ex K).</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="86E3C4775373614C2B594423D0EB0338" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="notes">
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<paragraph id="E4D38DBDEA74A7105BD99377E55F124C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Notes.</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="8FA46374FD7C4C9194DFC5E5ED62D3CD" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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<bibRefCitation id="33197DCA9078E78067A68B6C28C8C928" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev (1986)</bibRefCitation>
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raised var,
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<taxonomicName id="8D14378E67FDB30DFA44C0FCF4BE9885" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="macra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="macra">
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<emphasis id="7A949BC61CF6DA38D060FDC69C9C6449" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">macra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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to species level and differentiated it from
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<taxonomicName id="8A012EB84B73143EB7847D181E6BCF23" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="157E7D2A1CB45948D039CBAC82B1F82F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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based on: a) sheaths of old leaves not falling apart into parallel thin threads (vs. falling apart (shredded) into parallel thin threads in
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<taxonomicName id="11C6A8F8EC655D9741E00E0A0CE0B723" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="FEB9DEE86D2BCA03334A807D84A2F7AD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, although this is now considered erroneous; see comments under
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<taxonomicName id="903566A16A39D8B5DCD1BF7B48B3682E" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="788D2AF027C3175634D41FEFC437CE6B" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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above); b) leaf blades more or less glaucous (vs. green in
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<taxonomicName id="B77D6C24A3877BF6CCC2373EEDAC0F75" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="94597A3426463DCD31F64B29A3E9B3B7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); c) abaxial leaf-blade surfaces scabrous (vs. smooth or scaberulous in
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<taxonomicName id="DCD67726274DD25124F5AF1AD8769553" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="86FF15478D5DBD4A717C752E9FA808F6" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); d) adaxial leaf-blade surfaces shortly hairy (vs. scabrous or shortly hairy in
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<taxonomicName id="44A928661628FD106C4E9ACB2181C818" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="81D30C08E8881E7C6167129FEE77843A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); e) lemmas 4.5-5 mm long (vs. 5-7[9] mm long in
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<taxonomicName id="CBBDC69D288C767C6F1D77080CD357DE" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="4882463CCB1D194D617BD27EF9060BD0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); f) awns 1.5-3.5 mm long (vs. [0.5]1-4 m long in
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<taxonomicName id="6D5D1A605A05158FBDE5417FEEEA2358" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="03FD8D38763CDC559AC75FEE2548C2D4" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); g) anthers 1.6-2.2 mm long (vs. [2-]2.5-4 mm long in
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<taxonomicName id="2687E301B968D2AC592C19DD869055A8" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="D2610E7A03CDF54D642E2CF67715C6C3" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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); h) spikelets straw-coloured-violet (vs. violet-green, rarely green in
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<taxonomicName id="B6106473DE14CD480A3F8BCE4BBAD52F" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
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<emphasis id="93E6D753967A5A7FB3F3C64285BA1E0A" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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). However, only the holotype of
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<taxonomicName id="74C4C9830EA5153C1E402FE7469B579F" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
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was seen by Alexeev, as well as original material (from which a lectotype was selected) and a limited number of other specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="A8DD3B04C1BEA57C8EAAE212684FCD89" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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at the K herbarium.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="598310D064DF0377044229A65802FEE0" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
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Upon study of numerous specimens that belong to
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<taxonomicName id="69628E57438A55FE34FD3A4E5BB699EF" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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and var.
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<taxonomicName id="397315CB994AC844ED36DD3D7EA7E605" lsidName="var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="macra">macra</taxonomicName>
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during extensive fieldwork in the DMC and herbarium study at PRE, it became apparent that the above-mentioned differentiating characters overlap. Both
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<taxonomicName id="60FA8A4E0021DBC72F673775B53644C5" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="470FF40E43EBE35F1F46C138A1456953" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
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share most characteristics, such as intravaginal tillers forming dense, often large, tussocks, with entire, often lustrous, basal sheaths, narrow involute blades and similar inflorescence and spikelet morphology, with anthers usually> 2 mm long. The
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<taxonomicName id="F4797F805CD1E8AB5DA509552A4C6529" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
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holotype is on the shorter side with regards most inflorescence characters when compared with
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<taxonomicName id="4826B9AFC0C7E60C53D064CD70E33B35" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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, with shorter spikelets, lemmas, awns and anthers according to the protologue. Nevertheless, most of these characters have also been found in specimens of
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<taxonomicName id="D741F2008C748FFD7D12DC159D60517E" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
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, with variability in lengths of the spikelet parts possibly being related to ecological conditions, including seasonal variations in rainfall (C. Mashau, pers. comm.). The anther length of 1.6 mm, mentioned in the protologue for
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<taxonomicName id="BFFA71054AA59A4207D1852509B1489B" lsidName="F. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="macra">
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<emphasis id="7A791EF4C092D95360F33FDF91760F19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. macra</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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(
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<bibRefCitation id="E6A7E5422B49C7413F5350EF3EF7D77C" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
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: table 2), is shorter than any specimen of
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<taxonomicName id="D11B21A1F1C4197D62C1DF6E4553ADDD" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
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studied by us, with it being plausible that the var.
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<taxonomicName id="34B22ACA0B5F9157A93998FDC5BEFB06" lsidName="var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="macra">macra</taxonomicName>
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holotype could be somewhat intermediate between
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<taxonomicName id="D1B48EBB7C109D55E794CBBFD79E0E3E" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
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<emphasis id="906D4BC38F0890D3984A13DA2D4B4296" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="94AF97F884569A5E5AA98B3B7ADF0605" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
in its broader sense, with similar plausible hybrids with a mixture of characters sometimes found in the DMC (see below). Indumentum of the adaxial leaf-blade surface was also found to vary between scabrous, long-scabrous with prickles becoming elongated and hair-like and shortly hispid in all the taxa of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D210A1F41E80026B1861E94E2568ACAE" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
|
||
<emphasis id="68D8CF6E97995B461E40B9E5FFB93A3D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
complex from southern Africa, with this character seen to have no diagnostic value.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="6905022B215A3C294301CAB63E82932F" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E94F5D2D6FBA6A863A43A21132FAEA9B" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. macra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">Festuca caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
was not included in the treatment of southern African grasses by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="F706AFA2AB034A2FD342CDFF688B49ED" author="Fish, L" editor="Mashau, AC" journalOrPublisher="Strelizia 36. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="347 - 352" refId="B8" refString="Fish, L, Moeaha, MJ, 2015. Festuca L. In: Mashau, AC, Moeaha, MJ, Nembudani, MT, Eds., Identification guide to southern African grasses: an identification manual with keys, descriptions and distributions. Strelizia 36. South African National Biodiversity Institute, Pretoria: 347 - 352" title="Festuca L." volumeTitle="Identification guide to southern African grasses: an identification manual with keys, descriptions and distributions." year="2015">Fish and Moeaha (2015)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, who chose not to uphold any of the varieties of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="49B541D7196404009088E673457DCB7D" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
|
||
<emphasis id="9F157CB1BC69E094936EF5EC3530AD9F" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
stating that the species was too variable. Nevertheless, we consider
|
||
<taxonomicName id="09FA8CA112A68BEA28E6A4D10E0F15F4" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
to be distinct from var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="00A3530FF870793878F24167CBA94782" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on the character of notably antrorsely scabrous abaxial leaf-blade surfaces that is not known outside of the DMC, with all other
|
||
<taxonomicName id="1AEE7A4A866202AB53867A60E1A1713A" lsidName="F. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="caprina">
|
||
<emphasis id="E21C23CAC04A155B8E55F7072779B9D0" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. caprina</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
specimens across their range being smooth or exceptionally scaberulous towards their apices. Specimens with notably scabrous leaf blades were also found to be geographically and ecologically distinct during fieldwork in the DMC, these being predominantly found in drier alpine areas of the DMC, while var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="328D9CDA77A07B59DD09A893505D39B8" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
was found in more mesic environments often at lower elevations in the montane belt.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="E328A39FA4B5992DCBD12BA9A0716028" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="EC0AB15ABEB1AF57D6BDA3B675678AE4" author="Plants of the World Online" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" refId="B28" refString="Plants of the World Online, 2020. http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" url="http://www.plantsoftheworldonline.org" year="2020">Plants of the World Online (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C71761C8D8B6384E31BF4E0C37787E74" author="Plantlist" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.theplantlist.org" refId="B27" refString="Plantlist, 2020. http://www.theplantlist.org" url="http://www.theplantlist.org" year="2020">Plantlist (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
, the
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="FF33827BB3780F42A71787C09CCD4E44" author="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families" journalOrPublisher="African Journal of Ecology" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" refId="B39" refString="World Checklist of Selected Plant Families, 2020. http://wcsp.science.kew.org" url="http://wcsp.science.kew.org" year="2020">World Checklist of Selected Plant Families (2020)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and GrassBase (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="66D308B6D9AA2029BC1BC0BC74AB8B17" author="Clayton, WD" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" publicationUrl="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" refId="B7" refString="Clayton, WD, Vorontsova, MS, Harman, KT, Williamson, H, 2006 onwards. GrassBase-The Online World Grass Flora. http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" title="GrassBase-The Online World Grass Flora." url="http://www.kew.org/data/grasses-db.html" year="2006 onwards">Clayton et al. 2006 onwards</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) currently accept
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D011A231846EA69CCB22AD007755F6BF" lsidName="F. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="macra">
|
||
<emphasis id="71BD6206E8FBE383A910D717DE524501" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. macra</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as a distinct species. While we currently disagree with this assessment, more exhaustive research may result in var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DE42A0DACEE0885B033E55C202DE8BDC" lsidName="var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="macra" variety="macra">macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
being raised to subspecies level, with certain characters still needing to be assessed such as lemma micromorphology, which has been proven to be taxonomically informative in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="142B20BE2A4646D8617FC81E98ADE1F6" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="210368DEF94FAE188F56495BCF826896" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Festuca</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="8B1EF25626D495FC5AC82CDDA587C620" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0809-7" author="Ortunez, E" journalOrPublisher="Plant Systematics and Evolution" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1471 - 1483" refId="B23" refString="Ortunez, E, Cano-Ruiz, J, 2013. Epidermal micromorphology of the genus Festuca L. subgenus Festuca (Poaceae). Plant Systematics and Evolution 299 (8): 1471 - 1483, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0809-7" title="Epidermal micromorphology of the genus Festuca L. subgenus Festuca (Poaceae)." url="https://doi.org/10.1007/s00606-013-0809-7" volume="299" year="2013">
|
||
<normalizedToken id="8FC5DD18936921869713A0077AFDE2E4" originalValue="Ortúñez">Ortunez</normalizedToken>
|
||
and Cano-Ruiz 2013
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="C8E21DCC11DA57D48A91FE828FAD844E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="57FCB60A044D99AEB124C18A37EE47FE" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. macra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">Festuca caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
is often dominant in less-disturbed Afro-alpine grasslands of the DMC (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="CCCDE34CB996955AB74B740D1865A6D0" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" author="Carbutt, C" journalOrPublisher="South African Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="508 - 529" refId="B4" refString="Carbutt, C, 2019. The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism. South African Journal of Botany 124: 508 - 529, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" title="The Drakensberg Mountain Centre: A necessary revision of southern Africa's high-elevation centre of plant endemism." url="https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sajb.2019.05.032" volume="124" year="2019">Carbutt 2019</bibRefCitation>
|
||
), being found in Lesotho and the Eastern Cape, Free State, KwaZulu-Natal Provinces of South Africa. Of the 222 2 m
|
||
<normalizedToken id="47374A9A315E8874595D8B643EAC039C" originalValue="×">x</normalizedToken>
|
||
2 m plots studied throughout the DMC, 99 were occupied and often dominated ([0.5-]20-92% of overall plot cover) by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8CC1EEC02B9EDD83CFA10E5D0DEDB69B" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
(Sylvester et al. unpubl. data), with a total of 42 collections of the species being made. It is more palatable than
|
||
<taxonomicName id="3776679E370C45299D35858BF1E13C44" authorityName="H.J.Conert" authorityYear="1970" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Merxmuellera" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Merxmuellera" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="E9789ABC44BE3194FBD6B1324E894225" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Merxmuellera</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Conert species and so is less common in grazed areas (Sylvester and Soreng, pers. obs.).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="7CF15E8A9E986A8D27B325C40D11094C" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="2B119371597003B0564268AD466B1DE8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca obturbans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obturbans">
|
||
<emphasis id="5585E04DCB3CC6F5E648667AAC5BDB28" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Festuca obturbans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
St.-Yves and its allies
|
||
<taxonomicName id="AE42DDEBBADD2B322176E3C6FAC54E57" lsidName="F. gilbertiana" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="gilbertiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="57941E26B6C18F399257A7517FB8C62C" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. gilbertiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
Alexeev ex S.M. Phillipps and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="8043AB751DA56D5D17703D724562658C" lsidName="F. macrophylla" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="macrophylla">
|
||
<emphasis id="C1C97F66C69D77B0E218211E74AD6ACD" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. macrophylla</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
A. Rich., described from Afro-alpine vegetation of Kenya or Ethiopia, also bear superficial similarity to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="5CAB282128DA9D9DD48431ED68AF858F" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
in their intravaginally branched large tussocks with entire basal sheaths and fine, involute and usually scabrid leaf blades (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E2F7A1D0523743A3DBE0C38B0C770B50" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="E01F319E2125DD62C1A35192CFA5B3B6" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" author="Phillips, SM" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="649 - 651" refId="B25" refString="Phillips, SM, 1995a. A new species of Festuca (Gramineae) from Ethiopia. Nordic Journal of Botany 14 (6): 649 - 651, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" title="A new species of Festuca (Gramineae) from Ethiopia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" volume="14" year="1995 a">Phillips 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="A54D6F5980A750DC94787887D20D17CD" author="Phillips, SM" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B26" refString="Phillips, SM, 1995b. Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Tewolde BG-E, Hedberg O, Tadesse M, Sebsebe D, Friis I, Hedberg I, Edwards S (Eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: i-xx, 1-420." title="Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Tewolde BG-E, Hedberg O, Tadesse M, Sebsebe D, Friis I, Hedberg I, Edwards S (Eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: i-xx, 1 - 420." year="1995 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These also share similar inflorescence characteristics with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B57AD670D38D5ED7405FE600C1DBE713" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
, such as relatively-narrow panicles with spikelets loosely arranged on short ascending branches, and spikelets with similar glume, lemma and anther sizes (
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="9A2365612AFA641967EFADE3BDBF3675" author="Alexeev, EB" journalOrPublisher="Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad)" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="1109 - 1117" refId="B1" refString="Alexeev, EB, 1986. New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa. Botaniĉeskij Zhurnal (Moscow & Leningrad) 71 (8): 1109 - 1117" title="New narrow-leaved Festuca (Poaceae) members from tropical and south Africa." volume="71" year="1986">Alexeev 1986</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="902D1E5CD2DC491F5D9D69426479AF6C" DOI="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" author="Phillips, SM" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" pagination="649 - 651" refId="B25" refString="Phillips, SM, 1995a. A new species of Festuca (Gramineae) from Ethiopia. Nordic Journal of Botany 14 (6): 649 - 651, DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" title="A new species of Festuca (Gramineae) from Ethiopia." url="https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1756-1051.1994.tb01082.x" volume="14" year="1995 a">Phillips 1995a</bibRefCitation>
|
||
,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="5ECE542205F9AF2FD66BE63C770E0060" author="Phillips, SM" journalOrPublisher="Nordic Journal of Botany" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" refId="B26" refString="Phillips, SM, 1995b. Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Tewolde BG-E, Hedberg O, Tadesse M, Sebsebe D, Friis I, Hedberg I, Edwards S (Eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: i-xx, 1-420." title="Poaceae (Gramineae). In: Tewolde BG-E, Hedberg O, Tadesse M, Sebsebe D, Friis I, Hedberg I, Edwards S (Eds) Flora of Ethiopia and Eritrea 7: i-xx, 1 - 420." year="1995 b">b</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). These can be differentiated by their leaf blade cross sections showing sclerenchyma girders bridging both sides of the vascular bundles or, at least, the larger ones (vs. sclerenchyma only present on the abaxial blade ribs in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F22FDA6D2A22127923516AF75D83827E" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="BFEA7D363A8F040795419507F453BCE7" authorityName="E. B. Alexeev ex S. M. Phillips" authorityYear="1994" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca gilbertiana" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="gilbertiana">
|
||
<emphasis id="B1F81AC6118FFC3C95A95E8338B01027" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Festuca gilbertiana</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further differentiated by its smooth leaf blades, culms 30-35 cm tall, and sparse racemose inflorescence (vs. leaf blades scabrous, culms (28-)60-110(-120+) cm tall, inflorescence usually a large loosely-contracted panicle in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="265219A4DC5285619816C50B74425454" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF112FD485DF733C19C5D0D4F9F832B8" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca obturbans" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="species" species="obturbans">
|
||
<emphasis id="18AF373ED3536C4FD82E6FB87CC96359" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Festuca obturbans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
can be further differentiated by having sheaths open to almost their base and ovary apices glabrous (vs. sheaths closed for ca.
|
||
<normalizedToken id="65F534697B17500A75E83960EF21CA88" originalValue="½">1/2</normalizedToken>
|
||
their length, ovary apices sparsely to densely pubescent in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="27EDF608E19FD2A3ABF1E862407981D4" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="B49CC0846438DDB4AC7F4F769115E5E2" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
Two specimens found near the Tiffindell Ski Resort of the Eastern Cape, South Africa (Sylvester et al. 3428B) and Bokong Nature Reserve, Lesotho (Sylvester et al. 3687B), bore characteristics of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F38E6CAC5FC26513561843BBF631E424" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
, which was collected alongside them (Sylvester et al. 3428A, 3687C), such as tussock-forming habit with intravaginal branching and entire basal sheaths not splitting into fibres. However, they differed by their smooth abaxial leaf blade surfaces, placing them closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="DC18F31E7FD3433A6CD4FA741B091C07" authority="var. caprina" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="caprina">F. caprina var. caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
, unawned lemmas, which is unusual for both var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="7BB389012761DF03D8BFFA3334DFA86A" lsidName="var. caprina" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="caprina">caprina</taxonomicName>
|
||
and var.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="38C926AEB5FA2C27F6EC155BB43EBBE3" lsidName="var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" variety="macra">macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and short spikelets with lowermost lemmas 4.5-5.8 mm long anthers measuring ca. 1.6-1.8 mm long, placing them closer to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="E4C70B2FA27EBD84D98F20E3E352A477" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="5092AD7DD0D87721EF0B1C795AF4D1A7" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. As
|
||
<taxonomicName id="B5F40CE3483BF2818185382250B0A26A" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="89A3812BDC54F065983401F9D42DEF19" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was also collected at the same localities (e.g. Sylvester et al. 3459, 3687B), it is plausible that these could be hybrids between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="D78987DA07813E3F4EEDDA02DE2B7D57" lsidName="F. caprina subsp. var. var. macra" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">F. caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="F6ECA57BA68FBE25E5F429D4DA58D11F" lsidName="F. drakensbergensis" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" rank="species" species="drakensbergensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="31DB32F07B2086C8E485D3D8519BA42D" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">F. drakensbergensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. More study, including further collections, is required to ascertain the identity of these specimens.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="C5E14F6833A7B2E5791BEF97C600F63E" doi="10.3897/phytokeys.162.55550.figure5" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/460437" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" start="Figure 5" startId="F5">
|
||
<paragraph id="974442729796CAF9C2F16BC53CEF6E0E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="10DF35B8464BED2F96C92D4682CFAC82" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Figure 5.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="9DD87C19B46742180AB8C56883D840CA" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Festuca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Festuca caprina subsp. var. var. macra" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="caprina" subSpecies="var." variety="macra">Festuca caprina var. macra</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<emphasis id="C9601F77172290916D2E83C7191A585D" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">A</emphasis>
|
||
Whole plant
|
||
<emphasis id="4AF3C8264451AB2CBC700135C5F8074B" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">B</emphasis>
|
||
abaxial leaf blade surface of tiller
|
||
<emphasis id="83620AD7D84A8CB86541D5D125AB9B61" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">C</emphasis>
|
||
spikelet, lateral view. Images of S.P. Sylvester et al. 3480 (US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
<subSubSection id="604922ACB57BEBF8C6EF181CC51FD67E" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" type="materials_examined">
|
||
<paragraph id="13397ACA6A342753C5038F7F9D3C3A12" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Selected specimens examined.</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="77DC3A3543E294675E4B7A4580277353" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">
|
||
<emphasis id="FC1B58754415768FC708FCEB58A720A2" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Lesotho.</emphasis>
|
||
AfriSki area, in valley adjoining and northwest of the valley of the AfriSki resort, on the north side of the A1 highway,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="86C844DED0D96057B6AA6562100C4CE6" degrees="28.808394" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.808393">28.808394S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3521A953B1690136393293BEFD90DA9B" degrees="28.708658" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.708658">28.708658E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3104 m alt., dry upper slopes above valley, 27 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3652 (NU, PRE, US); AfriSki resort, in valley just west of the resort centre,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B27B6C491EE457BBCCCBF470850AF33B" degrees="28.822906" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.822906">28.822906S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0139CC502F94E003E30D04A0E652D386" degrees="28.724602" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.724602">28.724602E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3046 m alt., relatively undisturbed damp Afro-alpine grassland, 28 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3663 (PRE, US); Bokong Nature Reserve, ca. 350 m north from the information centre,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0DFCB428B6E4A90D51DD3C902F15349C" degrees="29.067203" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.067204">29.067203S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="71571E268F1D60DF7C3E93207F9E81F7" degrees="28.421496" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.421495">28.421496E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2972 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland dominated by
|
||
<taxonomicName id="0D51B24406BBE069EC7101AA50961328" authority="var. barbuligera" class="Liliopsida" family="Poaceae" genus="Lachnagrostis" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Lachnagrostis barbuligera subsp. var. var. barbuligera" order="Poales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="variety" species="barbuligera" subSpecies="var." variety="barbuligera">Lachnagrostis barbuligera var. barbuligera</taxonomicName>
|
||
with moderately-controlled grazing and burning, 2 Mar 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3687b (US); S.P. Sylvester et al. 3687c (US); Matebeng Pass, below highest summit close to the pass,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="26D992E6F24B33141C3DA33A8AC1B70C" degrees="29.870708" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.870708">29.870708S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="7E92F219E4828863DB946E31FCB5EC5E" degrees="28.976534" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.976534">28.976534E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3094 m alt., "Lesotho Highland Basalt Grassland" with clear elements of "Drakensberg Afro-alpine Heathland" with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="11BD6790E25807E218D6A5B77CC4575E" class="Arachnida" family="Salticidae" genus="Erica" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erica" order="Araneae" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="D4B10925CEE0A1574DB38F6F0D304584" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Erica</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="CF14487466E1486BD9C1A518FC961840" class="Magnoliopsida" family="Asteraceae" genus="Helichrysum" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Plantae" lsidName="Helichrysum" order="Asterales" pageId="0" pageNumber="45" phylum="Tracheophyta" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="517F5ACC047B040940841F876F50AE97" italics="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">Helichrysum</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
shrubs dominating the landscape, 22 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3576 (US); Matebeng Pass, below highest summit close to the pass,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="498FEE9EFEF21A29183C544F55FF0425" degrees="29.868524" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.868525">29.868524S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="24E4E946A09A79190911031490BB16CB" degrees="28.976439" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.976439">28.976439E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3125 m alt., Afro-alpine vegetation with Ericaceous shrubs dominating the landscape, heavy grazing, 22 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3580 (US); Matebeng Pass, below highest summit close to the pass,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="D2361FE2A67B1A92F62FC6ED97F337DF" degrees="29.873765" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.873766">29.873765S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BFF3787F529D3C3B5FBBE45E31C8EC3E" degrees="28.976929" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.976929">28.976929E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2947 m alt., Afro-alpine vegetation with Ericaceous shrubs dominating the landscape, heavy grazing, 22 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3588 (PRE, US); Menoaneng Pass, on road between Rafolatsane and Thaba-Tseka,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="3E9C8AF3F64A71EABD355AE67E95329E" degrees="29.427317" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.427317">29.427317S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="63C9ED19494A7DFAF692BA1E985D4FAF" degrees="28.950617" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.950617">28.950617E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 3039 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, windy ridge, grazed, 24 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3601 (US); Sani Pass area, ca. 800 m east of Sani Mountain Lodge,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="46DD305F15112888D7AC7FD62F29A781" degrees="29.585198" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.585197">29.585198S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="16827191001C264985CBCC2C3823CDE5" degrees="29.292011" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="29.292011">29.292011E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2896 m alt., short Afro-alpine grassland, frequently to heavily grazed, 25 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3619 (PRE, US); S.P. Sylvester et al. 3620 (US); Sehlabathebe National Park, lower end of the Park on the border,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8168D5F5D2F1C3EA6E6016E7E6919FF7" degrees="29.859882" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.859882">29.859882S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0FE9D3218590F7293D2DF7962F07A90B" degrees="29.095598" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="29.095598">29.095598E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2779 m alt., wet Afro-alpine tussock grassland, soil damp, under dripping crag, heavily grazed, close to livestock paths, 19 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3523 (NU, PRE, US); Sehlabathebe National Park, lower end of the Park on the border,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="577AA92FC12BAB22276B002F06694D9A" degrees="29.860180" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-29.86018">29.860180S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="6415092E4789997840B52036679E370A" degrees="29.095586" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="29.095587">29.095586E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2733 m alt., wet Afro-alpine tussock grassland, soil damp, under dripping crag, heavily grazed, close to livestock paths, 19 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3538 (PRE, US).
|
||
<emphasis id="B7A8EA23AF9BC87CD2969711B4A90F49" bold="true" pageId="0" pageNumber="45">South Africa.</emphasis>
|
||
Eastern Cape: between Carlisleshoekspruit Pass and Tiffindell Ski Area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="4F0D7BF1DE69C64F9DC804B4EBFD4348" degrees="30.6852485" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.68525">30.6852485S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="BDEBBFA2F2BCC14EC05C6F6A6BE8CBA9" degrees="27.963802" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.963802">27.963802E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2565 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 10 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3428a (PRE, US); Eastern Cape: between Carlisleshoekspruit Pass and Tiffindell Ski Area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EF40FCB5249B2211269E8E1DAE136E84" degrees="30.6852485" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.68525">30.6852485S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="0EA16525523C52CDE01FF0EEA565A76F" degrees="27.963802" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.963802">27.963802E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2565 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 10 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3428b (NU, PRE, US); Eastern Cape: Tiffindell Ski Area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4278B168566A003B938DCFB1E866A1E" degrees="30.649239" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.649239">30.649239S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="572A7E3F5C0DB086E5325EDF0774A449" degrees="27.928720" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.92872">27.928720E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2845 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 10 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3446 (NU, PRE, US); Eastern Cape: Tiffindell Ski Area,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="471A89C42226FD3E0EBBAEBBACB80318" degrees="30.676006" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.676006">30.676006S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F0A03E58D7D79C585D6D2DDD611698F5" degrees="27.958567" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.958567">27.958567E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2527 m alt., Afro-alpine tussock grassland, 12 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3480 (NU, PRE, US); Eastern Cape: Tiffindell Ski Area, Ben Macdhui summit,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="B0774ED5CC8BB7DC4E83843D05D708D3" degrees="30.648172" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.648172">30.648172S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F89CA7A14CA453D535E82A54D2FAAC31" degrees="27.935507" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.935507">27.935507E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2998 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 11 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3462b (NU, PRE, US); Eastern Cape: Tiffindell Ski Area, next to ski lift,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="F7CF13841CBD9C7FDC44FA118FF6C181" degrees="30.651034" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-30.651033">30.651034S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C67FB2DE22BAD12CF5CC37E926DC10AD" degrees="27.925149" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="27.92515">27.925149E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2778 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, annually burnt, appears to be seeded with exotic species, 11 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3463 (NU, PRE, US); KwaZulu-Natal: Amphitheatre, slopes near the Tugela waterfall,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="87938447AA2304D91CCFE34F1CF89BDA" degrees="28.754008" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.754007">28.754008S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="8EBB401526815997925F04060543E2C0" degrees="28.893853" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.893852">28.893853E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2983 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3403 (NU, PRE, US); KwaZulu-Natal: Amphitheatre, slopes near the Tugela waterfall,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="692ED25433B410444695181E7252F712" degrees="28.753989" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.753988">28.753989S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="9903D123D984C24B9138BC94468620E6" degrees="28.893563" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.893562">28.893563E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2979 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3406 (US); KwaZulu-Natal: Amphitheatre, slopes near the Tugela waterfall,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="EE916788C4DE5F4C92DC28D982A21A17" degrees="28.750810" direction="south" orientation="latitude" precision="1" value="-28.75081">28.750810S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="AE754F303E7F14F06DB21BCDDC2BF7FD" degrees="28.888942" direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="1" value="28.888943">28.888942E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
, 2981 m alt., Afro-alpine grassland, 5 Feb 2020, S.P. Sylvester et al. 3409b (US).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |