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<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24837" ID-GBIF-Dataset="761cf655-f721-4cb0-9814-e3b3e8b3a3f3" ID-PMC="PMC5986853" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-760-55" ID-PubMed="29872363" ID-ZBK="6DD92B71C8194BF7A1355EE43E799946" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2018" ModsDocID="1313-2970-760-55" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 760" ModsDocTitle="Two new species of the millipede family Cambalopsidae from Myanmar (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida)" checkinTime="1527525296613" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Likhitrakarn, Natdanai, Golovatch, Sergei I., Srisonchai, Ruttapon, Franck Brehier,, Lin, Aung, Sutcharit, Chirasak &amp; Panha, Somsak" docDate="2018" docId="2FD471FE0EF1E86F156AC72540B57E56" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 760: 55-71" docOrigin="ZooKeys 760" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24837" docTitle="Trachyjulus bifidus Likhitrakarn, Golovatch, Srisonchai, Brehier, Lin, Sutcharit &amp; Panha, 2018, sp. n." docType="treatment" docUuid="73DE8D2F-8205-4CC9-9B72-8F802F569454" docUuidSource="ZooBank" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="55" masterDocId="B959FFA2556FFE7EFFE8FFB3FFFDFFAB" masterDocTitle="Two new species of the millipede family Cambalopsidae from Myanmar (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida)" masterLastPageNumber="71" masterPageNumber="55" pageNumber="55" updateTime="1668165823934" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>Two new species of the millipede family Cambalopsidae from Myanmar (Diplopoda, Spirostreptida)</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Likhitrakarn, Natdanai</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Golovatch, Sergei I.</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Srisonchai, Ruttapon</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Franck Brehier,</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Lin, Aung</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Sutcharit, Chirasak</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:name type="personal">
<mods:role>
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
</mods:role>
<mods:namePart>Panha, Somsak</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
<mods:titleInfo>
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part>
<mods:date>2018</mods:date>
<mods:detail type="volume">
<mods:number>760</mods:number>
</mods:detail>
<mods:extent unit="page">
<mods:start>55</mods:start>
<mods:end>71</mods:end>
</mods:extent>
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<mods:location>
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24837</mods:url>
</mods:location>
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.760.24837</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-760-55</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">6DD92B71C8194BF7A1355EE43E799946</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">6DD92B71C8194BF7A1355EE43E799946</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="144148329" LSID="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:73DE8D2F-8205-4CC9-9B72-8F802F569454" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2FD471FE0EF1E86F156AC72540B57E56" lastPageNumber="55" pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<taxonomicName LSID="http://zoobank.org/73DE8D2F-8205-4CC9-9B72-8F802F569454" class="Diplopoda" family="Glyphiulidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus bifidus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">Trachyjulus bifidus</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel pageId="0" pageNumber="55">sp. n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
Figs 5, 6, 7
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="holotype">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Holotype</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
♂ (CUMZ), Myanmar, Tanintharyi Region, San Gu Cave (Elephant Cave), limestone, tower karst,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="11.231944">11°13'55&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="99.17555">99°10'32&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 17.11.2015, leg. F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bréhier">Brehier</normalizedToken>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="paratypes">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Paratypes.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
3 ♂, 1 ♀, 3 juv. (CUMZ), 1 ♂, 3 juv. (MNHN, MY15-01/01), same data as holotype. 6 ♂, 7 ♀, 4 juv. (MNHN, MY15-02/27), 2 ♂, 2 ♀ (ZMUM), same Region, Yae Gu Cave (River Cave), limestone, tower karst,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="11.218055">11°13'05&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="99.17555">99°10'32&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 21.11.2015; 12 ♂, 10 ♀, 5 juv. (MNHN, MY15-07/13), same Region, Linno Gu n°1 Cave, guano, limestone, tower karst, 76 m a.s.l.,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="11.226388">11°13'35&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="99.17555">99°10'32&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 19.11.2015, all leg. F.
<normalizedToken originalValue="Bréhier">Brehier</normalizedToken>
. 3 ♂, 2 ♀ (MNHN, MY15-09), same Region, Thin Bow Gu Cave (Linno Gu #2), limestone, tower karst,
<geoCoordinate direction="north" orientation="latitude" precision="15" value="11.189722">11°11'23&quot;N</geoCoordinate>
,
<geoCoordinate direction="east" orientation="longitude" precision="15" value="99.17166">99°10'18&quot;E</geoCoordinate>
, 03.06.2015, leg. C. Rahmadi.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="etymology">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Etymology.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">To emphasize the strongly bifid telopodites of the anterior gonopods; adjective.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Differs from other
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trachyjulus</taxonomicName>
species based primarily on the following combination characters: the strongly elongated and bifid telopodites (te) of the anterior gonopods, coupled with the absence of flagella and the presence of deeply bipartite posterior gonopods, in which the telopodites (te) are much shorter than the massive, paramedian, coxal processes (cp).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="description">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Description.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Length of holotype ca. 19 mm; adult paratypes 13-30 (♂) or 12-25 mm (♀); midbody segments circular in cross-section (Fig. 5N), width of holotype 1.0 mm, of paratypes 0.8-1.0 (♂) or 0.8-1.1 mm (♀).</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Figure 5.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus bifidus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">Trachyjulus bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n.,
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
♀ paratype from Linno Gu n°1 Cave
<normalizedToken originalValue="DU">D-U</normalizedToken>
♂ paratype from Linno Gu n°1 Cave. A, B anterior part of body, lateral and dorsal views, respectively C collum and body ring 2, dorsal view D, E head, anterior and ventral views F anterior part of antenna, ventral view G bacilliform sensilla on antennomere 5, lateral view H tip of antenna I base of antennomere 5, lateral view J, K, O midbody rings, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively L midbody ring, dorsal view M midbody prozona, dorsal view N cross-section of a midbody ring P claws of midbody legs Q midbody porostele, dorsal view
<normalizedToken originalValue="RU">R-U</normalizedToken>
, posterior part of body, lateral, dorsal and ventral views, respectively.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Coloration of adults in alcohol light grey-brown to dark castaneous brown, without a clear-cut pattern. Head, antennae and venter light yellowish to brownish. Ommatidia brown to blackish.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Adult body with 45p+4a+T (holotype); paratypes with 39
<normalizedToken originalValue="70p+2">-70p+2-</normalizedToken>
4a +T (♂) or 40
<normalizedToken originalValue="60p+2">-60p+2-</normalizedToken>
6a+T (♀). Eye patches transversely ovoid, with 3(4)+3(1) blackish, rather flat ommatidia in 1-2 longitudinal rows. Antennae short and clavate (Figs 5A, B, D, E, 7A), extending behind segment 5 laterally (Fig. 5A), antennomeres 5-7 each with a small apicodorsal group or corolla of bacilliform sensilla (Figs 5A, F, G, H, 7A), surface at base of antennomere 5 very finely scaly (Fig. 5F, I). Gnathochilarium (Figs 5E, 7B) oligotrichous, each lamella lingualis with 3-4 setae; mentum single.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">In width, collum = midbody rings (close to 6th to 8th)&gt; head = ring 2&gt; 8-10&gt; 7&gt; 6&gt; 5&gt; 3 = 4; body abruptly tapering towards telson on a few posteriormost rings (Fig. 5R, S).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Collum (Fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
) smooth, only near lateral edge with 1-3 light, short, superficial striae (Fig. 5A). Postcollar metaterga clearly, but not particularly strongly carinate (Figs 5A, B, J, K, L, R, S), especially so from segment 5 on, whence porosteles commence, these becoming completely absent from legless segments where ozopores are missing (Fig. 5R). Porosteles large, but low, conical, round, directed caudolaterad, wider than high (Fig. 5Q). Carinotaxic formula of metaterga 2-4, 7/7+m/m+7/7 (Fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="AC">A-C</normalizedToken>
). Carinotaxic formulae of following segments typically 10
<normalizedToken originalValue="7/10">-7/10-</normalizedToken>
7+I/i+2/2+m/m (Fig. 5A, B, C, J, K, L, R, S); all crests and tubercles, including porosteles, low.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Tegument smooth (Fig. 5A, B, J, K, L, R, S), dull throughout. Fine longitudinal striations in front of stricture between pro- and metazonae, remaining surface of prozonae very delicately shagreened (Fig. 5J, K, L, R). Metatergal setae absent. Segments 2 and 3 each with long pleural flaps.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Epiproct (Fig. 5
<normalizedToken originalValue="RU">R-U</normalizedToken>
) simple, bare, smooth, regularly rounded caudally. Paraprocts smooth, rather regularly convex and densely setose (Fig. 5U). Hypoproct transversely bean-shaped, slightly concave caudally (Fig. 5U).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Ventral flaps behind gonopod aperture on ♂ segment 7 evident swellings, forming a marked transverse ridge.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Legs nearly as long as body diameter (Fig. 5N), claw with an evident and long accessory claw near base (Fig. 5P), the latter up to ca. 2/3rds the length of claw itself (Fig. 5P).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">♂ legs 1 highly characteristic (Figs 6A, B, 7C) in being very strongly reduced, with large 1-segmented telopodites and a pair of large, hook-shaped, medially contiguous, sternal processes with groups of long and strong setae at base on caudal face.</paragraph>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Figure 6.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus bifidus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">Trachyjulus bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., ♂ paratype from Linno Gu n°1 Cave. A, B legs 1, anterior and caudal views, respectively C leg 2, caudal view D penes, caudal view E legs 3, caudal view F, G anterior gonopods, anterior and caudal views, respectively H tip of telopodite of anterior gonopod, caudal view I, J posterior gonopods, anterior and caudal views, respectively K right posterior gonopod, caudal view.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Figure 7.
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus bifidus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">Trachyjulus bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., ♂ holotype from San Gu Cave. A antenna, lateral view B gnathochilarium, ventral view C legs 1, anterior view D legs 2, caudal view E legs 3, caudal view F posterior gonopods, caudal view G H anterior gonopods, anterior and caudal views, respectively. Abbreviations: cp coxal processes te telopodites acp anterior coxosternal process pcp posterior coxoternal process. Scale bars: 0.2 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Figure 8. Distribution of two new cambalopsid species. Key: □
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitiformis">Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Jatwet Gu and Kyauk Khaung Cave ■
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitiformis">Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Mondawa Gu Cave △
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitiformis">Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Cave in Parpant area ●
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitiformis">Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Parpent Cave n°1 and Parpent Cave n°2 ◊
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Plusioglyphiulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="digitiformis">Plusioglyphiulus digitiformis</taxonomicName>
sp. n., Saddan Sin Gu Cave and Nathack Gu Cave ○
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus bifidus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bifidus">Trachyjulus bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., San Gu Cave, Yae Gu Cave, Linno Gu n°1 Cave and Thin Bow Gu Cave.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">♂ legs 2 slightly reduced, but coxa and femur hypertrophied (Figs 6C, 7D); penes rather small, oblong-subtrapeziform, each with 1-2 strong setae distolaterally (Figs 6C, D, 7D).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">♂ legs 3 slightly reduced, modified in having coxae especially slender and elongate (Figs 6E, 7E).</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Anterior gonopods (Figs 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="FH">F-H</normalizedToken>
, 7G, H)) peculiar in stout telopodites (te) being two curved, widely separated fingers with a setose central field on anterior face (Figs 6F, H, 7H). Anterior coxosternal process (acp) lobe-shaped, caudally about as high as a stout posterior coxosternal process (pcp).
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Posterior gonopods (Figs 6
<normalizedToken originalValue="IK">I-K</normalizedToken>
, 7F) elongate and finger-shaped, membranous, evidently bipartite, round, with both coxal processes (cp) and telopodites (te) sparsely microspiculate at margin (Fig. 6K); te membranous, slightly curved mesad, clearly shorter than cp, with a parabasal field of coniform microsetae caudally (Figs 6J, 7H).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection pageId="0" pageNumber="55" type="remarks">
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">Remarks.</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
The genus
<taxonomicName class="Diplopoda" family="Cambalopsidae" genus="Trachyjulus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Trachyjulus" order="Spirostreptida" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Trachyjulus</taxonomicName>
Peters, 1864 is currently known to comprise 31 species ranging from Nepal, India, and Sri Lanka in the west, through Bangladesh and Myanmar to Vietnam, Thailand, Malay Peninsula, Singapore, and Indonesia (Sumatra and Java) in the east (
<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="103 - 129" title="New or poorly-known species of the millipede genus Trachyjulus Peters, 1864 (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae)." volume="21" year="2012">Golovatch et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
). Only one species, the pantropical anthropochore
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. calvus" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="calvus">T. calvus</taxonomicName>
, has hitherto been documented from Myanmar (
<bibRefCitation author="Likhitrakarn, N" journalOrPublisher="Zootaxa" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="1 - 46" title="A checklist of the millipedes (Diplopoda) of Myanmar." url="https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4350.1.1" volume="4350" year="2017">Likhitrakarn et al. 2017</bibRefCitation>
). This species (cf.
<bibRefCitation author="Golovatch, SI" journalOrPublisher="Arthropoda Selecta" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" pagination="103 - 129" title="New or poorly-known species of the millipede genus Trachyjulus Peters, 1864 (Diplopoda: Spirostreptida: Cambalopsidae)." volume="21" year="2012">Golovatch et al. 2012</bibRefCitation>
) is similar to
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. bifidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="bifidus">T. bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n., but the latter is clearly distinguished by the bifid telopodites of the anterior and posterior gonopods.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">
Based on the pigmented body and eye patches, and like most if not all other cave-dwelling congeners known to date,
<taxonomicName lsidName="T. bifidus" pageId="0" pageNumber="55" rank="species" species="bifidus">T. bifidus</taxonomicName>
sp. n. seems to be hardly more than a troglophile.
</paragraph>
<paragraph pageId="0" pageNumber="55">No special key to relevant genera involved seems to be needed, as the one given below to Myanmar species contains the necessary information.</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>