545 lines
66 KiB
XML
545 lines
66 KiB
XML
<document id="3B5AFFC6A52BB8D4841B1E9657D89C39" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="4920347" ID-ZooBank="1F6DEC4F-6E2A-45B6-A71C-3D6CF783FEDF" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1623274888355" checkinUser="felipe" docAuthor="Padial, José M., Grant, Taran & Frost, Darrel R." docDate="2014" docId="2F75F459FF91FFF0CA9EFEAA9E68BC9B" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03825p132.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3825 (1)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3.14:Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleId="5EBBA59367AD13919D70D935FA04F6A3" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.monograph" docStyleVersion="14" docTitle="Eleutherodactylinae Lutz 1954" docType="treatment" docVersion="5" lastPageNumber="59" masterDocId="D34C8C21FFABFFCBCA09FFC39D16BE33" masterDocTitle="Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria" masterLastPageNumber="132" masterPageNumber="1" pageNumber="59" updateTime="1698961367049" updateUser="plazi">
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<mods:title id="5E1B390FA998A3916B976B6380B255DD">Molecular systematics of terraranas (Anura: Brachycephaloidea) with an assessment of the effects of alignment and optimality criteria</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="51E255D118808B1170CD2A95EE3882D3" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="25A4A927EE8F2D60F2AB82E11AD88635">Padial, José M.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="6C8EDC053B8BEF4C8217E8951BA70733" type="email">padialj@carnegiemnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B6D629CCFCD827541F0A24DA4539E550">Grant, Taran</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="35855BB0100C47E61EFAAC777B47C1B2" type="email">taran.grant@ib.usp.br</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:namePart id="B91FC965ADA8949E5BBD2CAE678716AC">Frost, Darrel R.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:nameIdentifier id="84D1CDD48905EFFF7766B974816E2BD5" type="email">padialj@carnegiemnh.org</mods:nameIdentifier>
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<mods:title id="1010FA9BEF655125B426F098565BCE85">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="EC6DF6C64695C023558815D69F64D207">
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<mods:date id="9D833AC48830391587DB2E49B6457927">2014</mods:date>
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<mods:number id="3C6B956F6220AC5E86AFBC9C98EBD6BE">2014-06-26</mods:number>
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<mods:number id="5B64BD0DCC1CD3211AB556E773B8B154">3825</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="08019405192ED734B0745C505DD8FE87">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="D2FB5B3B4B986CF96B16254A48DC7BCB" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3825.1.1</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="2F75F459FF91FFF0CA9EFEAA9E68BC9B" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5120193" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5120193" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2F75F459FF91FFF0CA9EFEAA9E68BC9B" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2F75F459FF91FFF0CA9EFEAA9E68BC9B" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="59" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<subSubSection id="EFC616C4FF91FFF1CA9EFEAA9C9EBFB1" box="[151,392,361,386]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CA9EFEAA9C9EBFB1" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" box="[151,392,361,386]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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<heading id="FC2BF223FF91FFF1CA9EFEAA9C9EBFB1" bold="true" box="[151,392,361,386]" fontSize="10" level="2" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EFEAA9C9EBFB1" ID-CoL="JHS" authorityName="Lutz" authorityYear="1954" box="[151,392,361,386]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="subFamily" subFamily="Eleutherodactylinae">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EFEAA9C9EBFB1" bold="true" box="[151,392,361,386]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylinae</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="EFC616C4FF91FFF0CA9EFE499E68BC9B" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CA9EFE499C9BBD38" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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This clade includes the genera
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CBFDFE489F7FBF91" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[500,617,395,418]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBFDFE489F7FBF91" box="[500,617,395,418]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diasporus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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and
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C8A8FE499E7ABF90" box="[673,876,394,419]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C8A8FE499E7ABF90" box="[673,876,394,419]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as sister groups and was previously recovered by
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CA9EFE6D9C9CBFF4" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[151,394,430,455]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Hedges
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CAFBFE6C9C3CBFF4" box="[242,298,430,455]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CB9FFE6C9F80BFF4" author="Pyron, R. A. & Wiens, J. J." box="[406,662,430,455]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="543 - 583" refId="ref55319" refString="Pyron, R. A. & Wiens, J. J. (2011) A large-scale phylogeny of Amphibia including over 2,800 species, and a revised classification of extant frogs, salamanders, and caecilians. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 61, 543 - 583. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.06.012" type="journal article" year="2011">Pyron & Wiens (2011)</bibRefCitation>
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, and
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C8D8FE6D9EE0BFF4" author="Canedo, C. & Haddad, C. F. B." box="[721,1014,430,455]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="610 - 620" refId="ref43929" refString="Canedo, C. & Haddad, C. F. B. (2012) Phylogenetic relationships within anuran clade Terrarana, with emphasis on the placement of Brazilian Atlantic rainforest frogs genus Ischnocnema (Anura: Brachycephalidae). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 65, 610 - 620. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.07.016" type="journal article" year="2012">Canedo & Haddad (2012)</bibRefCitation>
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. Within
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE5DFE6D9C00BFD8" authority=", Hedges et al. (2008 a)" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="2008" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE5DFE6D9809BFF4" box="[1108,1311,430,455]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
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,
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CF24FE6D9C00BFD8" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Hedges
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF81FE6C9DA2BFD8" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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(2008a)
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</bibRefCitation>
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||
</taxonomicName>
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recognized the subgenera
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C858FE119E0ABFD8" box="[593,796,466,491]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C858FE119E0ABFD8" box="[593,796,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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,
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C924FE119E69BFD8" box="[813,895,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euhyas</emphasis>
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,
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C99BFE119EE7BFD8" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="1989" box="[914,1009,466,491]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pelorius">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C99BFE119EE7BFD8" box="[914,1009,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pelorius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE3EFE1199AEBFD8" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[1079,1208,466,491]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Syrrhophus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE3EFE1199AEBFD8" box="[1079,1208,466,491]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Syrrhophus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, with the subgenus
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EFE359C08BC3C" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,286,502,527]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Schwartzius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EFE359C08BC3C" box="[151,286,502,527]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Schwartzius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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as the sister group of them all. We recover these groups as monophyletic and continue to recognize all of these subgenera, although we note that the inclusion of the wildcard
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C9CFFDD99811BC00" box="[966,1287,538,563]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diasporus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C9CFFDD99811BC00" box="[966,1287,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus diasporus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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in
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF27FDD99896BC00" box="[1326,1408,538,563]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euhyas</emphasis>
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is assumed and must be tested by adding the DNA sequences that are missing for this taxon. All of these subgenera except the Hispaniolan endemic
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C829FDA19FB1BC48" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[544,679,610,635]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Schwartzius" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C829FDA19FB1BC48" box="[544,679,610,635]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Schwartzius</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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were recognized by Hedges (1989) on the basis of allozymic evidence, and were treated by
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CBFAFD449FD4BCAC" author="Frost, D. R. & Grant, T. & Faivovich, J. & Bain, R. H. & Haas, A. & Haddad, C. F. B. & De Sa, R. O. & Channing, A. & Wilkinson, M. & Donnellan, S. C. & Raxworthy, C. J. & Campbell, J. A. & Blotto, B. L. & Moler, P. & Drewes, R. C. & Nussbaum, R. A. & Lynch, J. D. & Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C." box="[499,706,646,671]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 370" refId="ref47074" refString="Frost, D. R., Grant, T., Faivovich, J., Bain, R. H., Haas, A., Haddad, C. F. B., De Sa, R. O., Channing, A., Wilkinson, M., Donnellan, S. C., Raxworthy, C. J., Campbell, J. A., Blotto, B. L., Moler, P., Drewes, R. C., Nussbaum, R. A., Lynch, J. D., Green, D. M. & Wheeler, W. C. (2006) The amphibian tree of life. Bulletin of the American Museum of Natural History, 297, 1 - 370. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1206 / 0003 - 0090 (2006) 297 [0001: tatol] 2.0. co; 2" type="journal article" year="2006">
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Frost
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C83CFD449F79BCAC" box="[565,623,646,671]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2006)
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||
</bibRefCitation>
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as genera. Although this arrangement has not been followed by most authors, we expect that in the future all of these will be recognized as genera. Distinct characteristics of liver shape have been proposed as synapomorphic for each of the subgenera, as well as for
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE7BFD0C99F1BCD5" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[1138,1255,719,742]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE7BFD0C99F1BCD5" box="[1138,1255,719,742]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
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</taxonomicName>
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(Hedges, 1989;
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CA9EFD319C97BD38" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[151,385,754,779]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
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Hedges
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||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CAFBFD309C3CBD38" box="[242,298,754,779]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2008a
|
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</bibRefCitation>
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).
|
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CACEFCD5992EBA18" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
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Among the species series recognized by
|
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<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C89DFCD59E91BD1C" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[660,903,790,815]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
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||
Hedges
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||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C8F9FCD49E3FBD1C" box="[752,809,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
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||
(2008a)
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</bibRefCitation>
|
||
for the subgenera of
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE72FCD59850BD1C" box="[1147,1350,790,815]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE72FCD59850BD1C" box="[1147,1350,790,815]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, all but the
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<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CAC8FCF99F3CBD61" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[193,554,826,851]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
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||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CAC8FCF99F3CBD61" box="[193,554,826,851]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus martinicensis</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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series are monophyletic in our preferred topologies. Therefore, we restrict the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EFC9C9C47BD45" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[151,337,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EFC9C9C47BD45" box="[151,337,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
series to the monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C892FC9C9E43BD45" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[667,853,863,886]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C892FC9C9E43BD45" box="[667,853,863,886]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C9C6FC9D99DBBD44" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[975,1229,862,887]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE27FC9C997DBD44" box="[1070,1131,862,887]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and, accordingly, remove the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB12FC409CBABDA8" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt & Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[283,428,898,923]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB12FC409CBABDA8" box="[283,428,898,923]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group from the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C868FC409E01BDA9" baseAuthorityName="Tschudi" baseAuthorityYear="1838" box="[609,791,899,922]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="martinicensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C868FC409E01BDA9" box="[609,791,899,922]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. martinicensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
series and place it in its own species series. Similarly, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EFC649C3FBD8C" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt & Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[151,297,934,959]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EFC649C3FBD8C" box="[151,297,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup is paraphyletic with respect to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C916FC649E9ABD8C" authorityName="Barrio-Amoros, Guayasamin & Hedges" authorityYear="2013" box="[799,908,934,959]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="gryllus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C916FC649E9ABD8C" box="[799,908,934,959]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. gryllus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group, so we combine the species of these two subgroups into a single monophyletic
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C84FFC089FCFBDD0" baseAuthorityName="Reinhardt & Lutken" baseAuthorityYear="1863" box="[582,729,970,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="antillensis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C84FFC089FCFBDD0" box="[582,729,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. antillensis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
subgroup. Also, the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C9CCFC08993ABDD0" authorityName="Cochran" authorityYear="1935" box="[965,1068,970,995]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C9CCFC08993ABDD0" box="[965,1068,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group of
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE94FC0999F9BDD0" box="[1181,1263,970,995]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euhyas</emphasis>
|
||
is paraphyletic because
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CAF0FC2C9CC7BA34" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1936" box="[249,465,1006,1031]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glanduliferoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CAF0FC2C9CC7BA34" box="[249,465,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. glanduliferoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is the sister of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C880FC2C9FE0BA35" authorityName="Cochran" authorityYear="1937" box="[649,758,1007,1030]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C880FC2C9FE0BA35" box="[649,758,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. jugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. We therefore transfer
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE0BFC2C99CDBA34" authorityName="Shreve" authorityYear="1936" box="[1026,1243,1006,1031]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="glanduliferoides">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE0BFC2C99CDBA34" box="[1026,1243,1006,1031]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. glanduliferoides</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CF26FC2C988ABA35" authorityName="Cochran" authorityYear="1937" box="[1327,1436,1007,1030]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF26FC2C988ABA35" box="[1327,1436,1007,1030]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. jugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group to restore the monophyly of both the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C876FBD09FF0BA18" authorityName="Cochran" authorityYear="1935" box="[639,742,1042,1067]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="bakeri">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C876FBD09FF0BA18" box="[639,742,1042,1067]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. bakeri</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C915FBD09E90BA19" authorityName="Cochran" authorityYear="1937" box="[796,902,1043,1066]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jugans">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C915FBD09E90BA19" box="[796,902,1043,1066]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. jugans</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species groups.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CACCFBF59C22BB30" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The most problematic taxa are subgroups recognized within the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C990FBF49904BA7C" baseAuthorityName="Gosse" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[921,1042,1078,1103]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C990FBF49904BA7C" box="[921,1042,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group within
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF00FBF5984DBA7C" box="[1289,1371,1078,1103]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euhyas</emphasis>
|
||
, with all the groups we tested being para- or polyphyletic. Therefore, we reject these subgroups and refer species only to the more inclusive
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB65FBBC9CF2BAA4" baseAuthorityName="Gosse" baseAuthorityYear="1851" box="[364,484,1150,1175]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="luteolus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB65FBBC9CF2BAA4" box="[364,484,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. luteolus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
species group, which is endemic to
|
||
<collectingCountry id="DFCB05DFFF91FFF1C970FBBD9EC1BAA4" box="[889,983,1150,1175]" name="Jamaica" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Jamaica</collectingCountry>
|
||
. Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE32FBBC9962BAA4" box="[1083,1140,1150,1175]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
'
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CE7EFBBD99F7BAA4" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[1143,1249,1150,1175]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">s (2008a)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
analyses did not resolve the relationships among subgroups within this clade, although the subgroups are partially recovered by protein variation, albumin immunology, and karyology and are all morphologically distinctive according to
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CF41FB059C26BB30" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EFB289DD9BB30" box="[151,207,1258,1283]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CACCFACD992FBBE8" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Within
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB10FACD9C7DBB14" box="[281,363,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Euhyas</emphasis>
|
||
, Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBFFFACC9F26BB14" box="[502,560,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2013) inferred new phylogenetic relationships for the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CEA8FACC9834BB14" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[1185,1314,1294,1319]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CEA8FACC9834BB14" box="[1185,1314,1294,1319]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group that partially conflict with
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CB9BFAF19F92BB78" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[402,644,1330,1355]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBE4FAF09F33BB78" box="[493,549,1330,1355]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and with our TA + PA and SA + PA results, although not with our SA + ML results. Their clade-Bayes tree (see
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C88AFA959EA1BB5C" author="Wheeler, W. C. & Pickett, K. M." box="[643,951,1366,1391]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="447 - 453" refId="ref58767" refString="Wheeler, W. C. & Pickett, K. M. (2008) Topology-Bayes versus clade-Bayes in phylogenetic analysis. Molecular Biology and Evolution, 25, 447 - 453. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1093 / molbev / msm 274" type="journal article" year="2008">Wheeler and Pickett, 2008</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) shows
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE1EFA9499BDBB5C" authorityName="Schwartz" authorityYear="1958" box="[1047,1195,1366,1391]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="etheridgei">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE1EFA9499BDBB5C" box="[1047,1195,1366,1391]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. etheridgei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister of all other species of the
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB3EFAB89CA0BBA0" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[311,438,1402,1427]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB3EFAB89CA0BBA0" box="[311,438,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
group and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C83FFAB89FA4BBA0" authorityName="Barbour" authorityYear="1942" box="[566,690,1402,1427]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="cubanus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C83FFAB89FA4BBA0" box="[566,690,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. cubanus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister of a clade containing
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE05FAB89981BBA0" baseAuthorityName="Barbour & Shreve" baseAuthorityYear="1937" box="[1036,1175,1402,1427]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="orientalis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE05FAB89981BBA0" box="[1036,1175,1402,1427]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. orientalis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister group of a clade with two subclades, one with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C83EFA5C9FACBB84" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[567,698,1438,1463]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C83EFA5C9FACBB84" box="[567,698,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C8FFFA5C9E72BB85" authorityName="Estrada & Alonso" authorityYear="1997" box="[758,868,1439,1462]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="jaumei">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C8FFFA5C9E72BB85" box="[758,868,1439,1462]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. jaumei</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as sister taxa, and another with
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CEE9FA5C9853BB84" authorityName="Estrada & Hedges" authorityYear="1996" box="[1248,1349,1438,1463]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="iberia">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CEE9FA5C9853BB84" box="[1248,1349,1438,1463]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. iberia</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and an unnamed species as sister taxa. None of these conflicts require taxonomic changes.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF1CACCFA259F98B92C" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
Morphological evidence previously supported the monophyly of a mainly Antillean clade of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CED8FA259C2DB810" authority="(Lynch, 1971)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CED8FA25988ABBCC" box="[1233,1436,1510,1535]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CA97F9C99C27B810" author="Lynch, J. D." box="[158,305,1546,1571]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref52259" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1971) Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications, 53, 1 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442765" type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch, 1971</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, although some of its species were considered to be allied with mainland forms (
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CEECF9C8981BB811" box="[1253,1293,1547,1570]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">e.g.</emphasis>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CF17F9C9988AB810" authorityName="Barbour & Noble" authorityYear="1920" box="[1310,1436,1546,1571]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Sminthillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF17F9C9988AB810" box="[1310,1436,1546,1571]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sminthillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
[now
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CAD3F9ED9CB3B874" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[218,421,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CAD3F9ED9CB3B874" box="[218,421,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
]
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CBB1F9ED9F0FB874" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[440,537,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBB1F9ED9F0FB874" box="[440,537,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C85CF9ED9EBFB874" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[597,937,1582,1607]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="auriculatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C85CF9ED9EBFB874" box="[597,937,1582,1607]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus auriculatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C9B5F9ED99F1B874" author="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E." box="[956,1255,1582,1607]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 236" refId="ref53044" refString="Lynch, J. D. & Duellman, W. E. (1997) Frogs of the genus Eleutherodactylus (Leptodactylidae) in western Ecuador, systematics, ecology, and biogeography. University of Kansas Natural History Museum Special Publications, 23, 1 - 236. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1447320" type="journal article" year="1997">Lynch & Duellman, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
). Also,
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1CF4AF9ED9DF7B858" author="Lynch, J. D." pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 238" refId="ref52259" refString="Lynch, J. D. (1971) Evolutionary relationships, osteology, and zoogeography of leptodactyloid frogs. University of Kansas Museum of Natural History, Miscellaneous Publications, 53, 1 - 238. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.2307 / 1442765" type="journal article" year="1971">Lynch’s (1971)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
alpha division of Eleutherodactylini, based on the fusion of frontoparietals and proötic, grouped
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EF9B59C0EB8BC" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[151,280,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Syrrhophus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EF9B59C0EB8BC" box="[151,280,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Syrrhophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB22F9B59CD3B8BC" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1900" box="[299,453,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Tomodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB22F9B59CD3B8BC" box="[299,453,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tomodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(now in the synonymy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C918F9B59E84B8BC" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[785,914,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Syrrhophus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C918F9B59E84B8BC" box="[785,914,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Syrrhophus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C9A6F9B59918B8BC" authorityName="Hedges" authorityYear="1989" box="[943,1038,1654,1679]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Pelorius">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C9A6F9B59918B8BC" box="[943,1038,1654,1679]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pelorius</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE2DF9B499A4B8BD" baseAuthorityName="Barbour" baseAuthorityYear="1914" box="[1060,1202,1655,1678]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="inoptatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE2DF9B499A4B8BD" box="[1060,1202,1655,1678]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. inoptatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), and the subgenus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EF9599C74B880" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[151,354,1690,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EF9599C74B880" box="[151,354,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB7DF9589F36B880" authorityName="Grant" authorityYear="1931" box="[372,544,1690,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="karlschmidti">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB7DF9589F36B880" box="[372,544,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">E. karlschmidti</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), although
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C8ADF9599E34B880" authorityName="Barbour & Noble" authorityYear="1920" box="[676,802,1690,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Sminthillus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C8ADF9599E34B880" box="[676,802,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Sminthillus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(=
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C944F9599997B880" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1862" box="[845,1153,1690,1715]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="limbatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C944F9599997B880" box="[845,1153,1690,1715]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus limbatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) was considered distinct from the alpha and beta divisions.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C830F97C9FC2B8E4" author="Heyer, W. R." box="[569,724,1726,1751]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 55" refId="ref49191" refString="Heyer, W. R. (1975) A preliminary analysis of the intergeneric relationships of the frog family Leptodactylidae. Smithsonian Contributions to Zoology, 199, 1 - 55. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.5479 / si. 00810282.199" type="journal article" year="1975">Heyer (1975)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C91FF97D9903B8E4" author="Ardila-Robayo, M. C." box="[790,1045,1726,1751]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="383 - 495" refId="ref43060" refString="Ardila-Robayo, M. C. (1979) Status sistematico del genero Geobatrachus Ruthven, 1915 (Amphibia: Anura). Caldasia, 12, 383 - 495." type="journal article" year="1979">Ardila-Robayo (1979)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
suggested a monophyletic group composed of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CB38F9219CEAB8C8" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="1971" box="[305,508,1762,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CB38F9219CEAB8C8" box="[305,508,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Eleutherodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C805F9219F85B8C8" box="[524,659,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C805F9219F99B8C8" authorityName="Cope" authorityYear="1878" box="[524,655,1762,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="131" phylum="Chordata" rank="subGenus" subGenus="Syrrhophus">Syrrhophus</taxonomicName>
|
||
,
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C8C4F9219E7EB8C8" authorityName="Gunther" authorityYear="1900" box="[717,872,1762,1787]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Tomodactylus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C8C4F9219E7EB8C8" box="[717,872,1762,1787]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Tomodactylus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
based on morphological characteristics, although none of these are apparently synapomorphic.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A763454FFF91FFF0CACCF8E99E68BC9B" blockId="58.[151,1437,361,2003]" lastBlockId="59.[151,1437,151,680]" lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">
|
||
The monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CBA3F8E89F09B971" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[426,543,1835,1858]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBA3F8E89F09B971" box="[426,543,1835,1858]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is corroborated in all our analyses.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C9C6F8E999D9B970" author="Hedges, S. B. & Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P." box="[975,1231,1834,1859]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="1 - 182" refId="ref48854" refString="Hedges, S. B., Duellman, W. E. & Heinicke, M. P. (2008 a) New World direct-developing frogs (Anura, Terrarana), molecular phylogeny, classification, biogeography, and conservation. Zootaxa, 1737, 1 - 182." type="journal article" year="2008">
|
||
Hedges
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE26F8E8997AB970" box="[1071,1132,1834,1859]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2008a)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
only sampled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CF88F8E89DEAB954" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CF88F8E89DEAB954" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D. diastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and allocated seven other species to the genus based on the presence of a pointed tip of the ungual flap, an oval palmar tubercle, and prominent vomerine teeth. Although the pointed tip of the ungual flap characteristic of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EF8549C1AB99D" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[151,268,1943,1966]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EF8549C1AB99D" box="[151,268,1943,1966]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is also found in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CBE3F8549E8FB99C" authority="(Lynch, 2001)" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[490,921,1942,1967]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="chalceus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CBE3F8549FF5B99C" box="[490,739,1942,1967]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pristimantis chalceus</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF1C8F0F8559E87B99C" author="Lynch, J. D." box="[761,913,1942,1967]" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="287 - 297" refId="ref52800" refString="Lynch, J. D. (2001) Three new rainfrogs of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group from Colombia and Panama. Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales, 25, 287 - 297." type="journal article" year="2001">Lynch, 2001</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, that species groups with other species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CA9EF8789C36B9E1" box="[151,288,1979,2002]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CA9EF8789C36B9E1" box="[151,288,1979,2002]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Our analyses recovered
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C836F8789FD1B9E0" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[575,711,1978,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C836F8789FD1B9E0" box="[575,711,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D. diastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
as the sister taxon of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1C9C9F878995AB9E0" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[960,1100,1978,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quidditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1C9C9F878995AB9E0" box="[960,1100,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D. quidditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF91FFF1CE8DF8789859B9E0" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[1156,1359,1978,2003]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF91FFF1CE8DF8789859B9E0" box="[1156,1359,1978,2003]" italics="true" pageId="58" pageNumber="59">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF91FFF0CF57F8789C0ABE83" author="Hertz, A. & Hauenschild, F. & Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G." lastPageId="59" lastPageNumber="60" pageId="58" pageNumber="59" pagination="23 - 46" refId="ref49125" refString="Hertz, A., Hauenschild, F., Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G. (2012) A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama. ZooKeys, 196, 23 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 196.2774" type="journal article" year="2012">Hertz et al (2012)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
purported to test the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C8B4FF5B9E24BE9C" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[701,818,152,175]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C8B4FF5B9E24BE9C" box="[701,818,152,175]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sampled 535 bp of 16S mtDNA for five nominal species, including a new taxon (
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C81EFF7E9FF0BEE6" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[535,742,188,213]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C81EFF7E9FF0BEE6" box="[535,742,188,213]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
). However, their outgroup sampling consisted of only one species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CB04FF239C80BEC4" box="[269,406,224,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CB04FF239C80BEC4" box="[269,406,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Pristimantis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CBAFFF229F1EBECB" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1866" box="[422,520,223,248]" class="Amphibia" family="Strabomantidae" genus="Pristimantis" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="ridens">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CBAFFF229F1EBECB" box="[422,520,223,248]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">P. ridens</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
), so the monophyly of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C907FF239E95BEC4" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[782,899,224,247]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C907FF239E95BEC4" box="[782,899,224,247]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was an assumption of their analysis and not the result of a test. Populations referred to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C868FEC69E39BF2E" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[609,815,260,285]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C868FEC69E39BF2E" box="[609,815,260,285]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were found to form the sister taxon of another clade composed of allopatric populations of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C85CFEEA9E19BF73" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[597,783,295,320]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C85CFEEA9F67BF73" box="[597,625,297,320]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C8A3FEE49E19BF73" box="[682,783,295,320]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">diastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
from an area relatively near to the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7867FBEDFF90FFF0CEB9FEEB99F6BF73" box="[1200,1248,296,320]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality (
|
||
<quantity id="6024E8AAFF90FFF0CF59FEE4988ABF73" box="[1360,1436,295,320]" metricMagnitude="4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="5.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="50.0">50 km</quantity>
|
||
airline distance) of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CB7DFE8E9F56BF56" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[372,576,332,357]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CB7DFE8E9F56BF56" box="[372,576,332,357]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and showed divergences of 1.8%. We therefore assign those populations to
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CA9EFEB29C70BFBB" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[151,358,367,392]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CA9EFEB29C70BFBB" box="[151,358,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and, accordingly, the sequences from GenBank we analyzed (deposited by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF90FFF0CEE1FEAC9DCBBF9E" author="Crawford, A. J. & Lips, K. R. & Bermingham, E." pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="13777 - 13782" refId="ref44475" refString="Crawford, A. J., Lips, K. R. & Bermingham, E. (2010 a) Epidemic disease decimates amphibian abundance, species diversity, and evolutionary history in the highlands of central Panama. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA, 107, 13777 - 13782. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1073 / pnas. 0914115107" type="journal article" year="2010">
|
||
Crawford
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CF56FEB2988ABFBB" box="[1375,1436,367,392]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
2010a
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
) as
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CB07FE569CD0BF9E" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[270,454,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CB07FE569C3FBF9F" box="[270,297,405,428]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D.</emphasis>
|
||
aff.
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CB68FE579CD0BF9E" box="[353,454,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">diastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
should be reidentified as
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C8F9FE569ED2BF9E" box="[752,964,404,429]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C8F9FE569ED6BF9E" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" box="[752,960,404,429]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">D. citrinobapheus</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Nevertheless, the taxonomic status of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CF88FE569C29BFE3" authorityName="Hertz, Hauenschild, Lotzkat & Kohler" authorityYear="2012" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="citrinobapheus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CF88FE569C29BFE3" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. citrinobapheus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is problematic because no morphological character reported by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF90FFF0CE14FE7B99E7BFE3" author="Hertz, A. & Hauenschild, F. & Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G." box="[1053,1265,439,464]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="23 - 46" refId="ref49125" refString="Hertz, A., Hauenschild, F., Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G. (2012) A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama. ZooKeys, 196, 23 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 196.2774" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Hertz
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CE6DFE7A998BBFE3" box="[1124,1181,439,464]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
allows it to be distinguished from
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CB7DFE1E9F8CBFC6" authority="(Savage, 1997)" baseAuthorityName="Savage" baseAuthorityYear="1997" box="[372,666,476,501]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="tigrillo">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CB7DFE1E9CF0BFC6" box="[372,486,476,501]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. tigrillo</emphasis>
|
||
(
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF90FFF0CBFFFE1F9F87BFC6" author="Savage, J. M." box="[502,657,476,501]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="241 - 247" refId="ref56255" refString="Savage, J. M. (1997) A new species of rainfrog of the Eleutherodactylus diastema group from the Alta Talamanca region of Costa Rica. Amphibia - Reptilia, 18, 241 - 247. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1163 / 156853897 x 00125" type="journal article" year="1997">Savage, 1997</bibRefCitation>
|
||
)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and sequence data are currently not available for the latter species. Although populations assigned to these two species are separated by ca.
|
||
<quantity id="6024E8AAFF90FFF0C9E5FE3C9951BC2B" box="[1004,1095,511,536]" metricMagnitude="5" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" unit="km" value="200.0">200 km</quantity>
|
||
, they both occur at the same elevations and in the same habitat.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF90FFF0C829FDE79FF9BC0E" author="Hertz, A. & Hauenschild, F. & Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G." box="[544,751,548,573]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="23 - 46" refId="ref49125" refString="Hertz, A., Hauenschild, F., Lotzkat, S. & Kohler, G. (2012) A new golden frog species of the genus Diasporus (Amphibia, Eleutherodactylidae) from the Cordillera Central, western Panama. ZooKeys, 196, 23 - 46. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.3897 / zookeys. 196.2774" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Hertz
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C86CFDE69F8BBC0E" box="[613,669,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
also sampled
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C987FDE69900BC0E" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[910,1046,548,573]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Eleutherodactylus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="diastema">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C987FDE69900BC0E" box="[910,1046,548,573]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. diastema</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paraphyletic in their analysis),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0CF88FDE69C0DBC53" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CF88FDE69C0DBC53" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. hylaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(paraphyletic in their analysis),
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C89EFD8A9E33BC53" baseAuthorityName="Lynch" baseAuthorityYear="2001" box="[663,805,583,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="quidditus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C89EFD8A9E33BC53" box="[663,805,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. quidditus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C963FD8A9EFCBC53" box="[874,1002,585,608]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C963FD8A9EF0BC53" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[874,998,585,608]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vocator">D. vocator</taxonomicName>
|
||
.
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C34D38BEFF90FFF0C9FDFD849827BC53" author="Pinto-Sanchez N. R. & Ibanez, R. & Madrinan, S. & Sanjur, O. I. & Bermingham, E. & Crawford, A. J." box="[1012,1329,583,608]" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" pagination="954 - 972" refId="ref54624" refString="Pinto-Sanchez N. R., Ibanez, R., Madrinan, S. Sanjur, O. I., Bermingham, E. & Crawford, A. J. (2012) The Great American Biotic Interchange in frogs, multiple and early colonization of Central America by the South American genus Pristimantis (Anura, Craugastoridae) Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 62, 954 - 972. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2011.11.022" type="journal article" year="2012">
|
||
Pinto-Sánchez
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0CEA9FD8A99CABC53" box="[1184,1244,583,608]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
(2012)
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
included sequences of two additional species of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C851FDAE9FDBBCB7" authorityName="Hedges, Duellman & Heinicke" authorityYear="2008" box="[600,717,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C851FDAE9FDBBCB7" box="[600,717,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">Diasporus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C8E9FDAE9E9EBCB6" baseAuthorityName="Cope" baseAuthorityYear="1875" box="[736,904,620,645]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="hylaeformis">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C8E9FDAE9E9EBCB6" box="[736,904,620,645]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. hylaeformis</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="60DC3ECCFF90FFF0C9CAFDAE992ABCB7" baseAuthorityName="Taylor" baseAuthorityYear="1955" box="[963,1084,621,644]" class="Amphibia" family="Eleutherodactylidae" genus="Diasporus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Anura" pageId="59" pageNumber="60" phylum="Chordata" rank="species" species="vocator">
|
||
<emphasis id="95A8995DFF90FFF0C9CAFDAE992ABCB7" box="[963,1084,621,644]" italics="true" pageId="59" pageNumber="60">D. vocator</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
) in their outgroup sample, but they were not available in time to be included in the present study.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |