729 lines
136 KiB
XML
729 lines
136 KiB
XML
<document id="6A0D4F22865C8588CF0333E0EDE5A990" ID-CLB-Dataset="3130" ID-DOI="10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa176" ID-GBIF-Dataset="f0ab84e8-4ff4-46a8-a567-a9acd016305c" ID-ISSN="0024-4082" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752621" ID-ZooBank="D000BAA9-51C4-46FE-AC9B-BB361B601FA2" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.tables_requiresApprovalFor="existingObjects,plazi" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1638521226129" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Gusmão, Luciana C. & Rodríguez, Estefanía" docDate="2021" docId="2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547" docLanguage="en" docName="zlaa176.pdf" docOrigin="Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society 193" docSource="https://doi.org/10.1093/zoolinnean/zlaa176" docStyle="DocumentStyle:36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8.7:ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleId="36B3BD6A90C22AB4F7F465C853188CC8" docStyleName="ZoolJLinnSoc.2017-2023.journal_article" docStyleVersion="7" docTitle="Scytophorus striatus Hertwig 1882" docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="1406" masterDocId="D55D9C65FFB9FFCDFF8FC136FFD4B21F" masterDocTitle="Two sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Southern Ocean with evidence of a deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones" masterLastPageNumber="1415" masterPageNumber="1392" pageNumber="1403" updateTime="1699471835987" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="F47C13C85C190B49A1C3748572866007">Two sea anemones (Cnidaria: Anthozoa: Actiniaria) from the Southern Ocean with evidence of a deep-sea, polar lineage of burrowing sea anemones</mods:title>
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<mods:namePart id="B2A7C7F22D0D5AF13E062650BFEF6118">Gusmão, Luciana C.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:namePart id="AC2E82211B943D76863EA3831372A696">Rodríguez, Estefanía</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="DADDD0D15BA8D0822998DE22FAA4F2C8">Zoological Journal of the Linnean Society</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="913DDC242785EB6BF41ADDB5300FB263">
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<mods:date id="374D0EB45F72643793BD6A64BED3DFF9">2021</mods:date>
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<treatment id="2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752653" ID-GBIF-Taxon="190876206" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752653" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1406" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">
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<subSubSection id="E9D70680FFB2FFC6FF53C771FD79B440" box="[220,685,1606,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="A172550BFFB2FFC6FF53C771FD79B440" blockId="11.[220,685,1606,1631]" box="[220,685,1606,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">
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<heading id="FA3AE267FFB2FFC6FF53C771FD79B440" box="[220,685,1606,1631]" centered="true" fontSize="9" level="2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" reason="2">
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<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB2FFC6FF53C771FD79B440" ID-CoL="4W6XW" authority="HERTWIG, 1882" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[220,685,1606,1631]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
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<emphasis id="93B98919FFB2FFC6FF53C771FE21B441" box="[220,501,1607,1630]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">SCYTOPHORUS STRIATUS</emphasis>
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<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB2FFC6FE73C770FD79B440" author="Hertwig R" box="[508,685,1606,1631]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" refId="ref16441" refString="Hertwig R. 1882. Die actinien der challenger expedition. Jena: Gustav Fischer." type="book" year="1882">HERTWIG, 1882</bibRefCitation>
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</taxonomicName>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E9D70680FFB2FFC3FEDCC744FB06B547" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1406" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="description">
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<paragraph id="A172550BFFB2FFC6FEDCC744FDE2B494" blockId="11.[339,566,1650,1675]" box="[339,566,1650,1675]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">
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(
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<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB2FFC6FED4C744FE16B494" box="[347,450,1650,1675]" captionStart-0="Figure 6" captionStart-1="Figure 7" captionStart-2="Figure 8" captionStartId-0="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionStartId-1="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionStartId-2="13.[145,223,946,968]" captionTargetBox-0="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetBox-1="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetBox-2="[213,692,197,904]" captionTargetId-0="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId-1="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId-2="figure-649@13.[211,694,195,906]" captionTargetPageId-0="11" captionTargetPageId-1="12" captionTargetPageId-2="13" captionText-0="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." captionText-1="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." captionText-2="Figure 8. Cnidom of Scytophorus striatus. A, B, D, E, G, H, basitrich; C, spirocyst; F, I, p–mastigophore A." figureDoi-0="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" figureDoi-1="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" figureDoi-2="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752647" httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/5752647/files/figure.png" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">FIGS 6–8</figureCitation>
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;
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<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFB2FFC6FE40C744FDFAB494" box="[463,558,1650,1675]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Size ranges of the cnidae of Scytophorus striatus; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B">TABLE 2</tableCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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<emphasis id="93B98919FFB2FFC6FF1EC79BFF2AB4DD" box="[145,254,1709,1730]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Material:</emphasis>
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<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FE84C798FEC7B4FD" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035334" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Nathaniel & Palmer" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCode="AMNH 5268" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FE84C798FE75B4DC" box="[267,417,1709,1731]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">AMNH 5268</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FE3EC79BFDB8B4DC" box="[433,620,1709,1731]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">nine specimens</specimenCount>
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),
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<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FD0EC79BFD2CB4DC" box="[641,760,1709,1731]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Nathaniel</collectorName>
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B.
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R/
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,
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,
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<location id="A41203D0FFB2FFC6FD1BC7FAFD12B4FE" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB2FFC6FD1BC7FAFD12B4FE" box="[660,710,1740,1761]" country="Antarctica" county="Drake Passage" latitude="-54.714" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.249832" municipality="Namuncura Bank" name="Sta." pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Sta.</location>
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14, off
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,
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,
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<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB2FFC6FDCEC63CFD5AB500" box="[577,654,1802,1823]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.32" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="732.0">
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,
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<date id="D57373CBFFB2FFC6FD11C63CFF1EB522" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-11">
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,
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<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FF5AC61EFEBCB521" box="[213,360,1832,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Hein Dredge</collectorName>
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, collected by M
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.
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<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FDAAC61FFD49B521" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035314" box="[549,669,1832,1854]" collectionCode="R" collectorName="Brugler" country="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCount="1">
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<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FDAAC61FFDEDB521" box="[549,569,1833,1854]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
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.
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<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FDCBC61EFD49B521" box="[580,669,1832,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Brugler</collectorName>
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.
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<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FD28C61EFD14B542" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035323" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Nathaniel & Palmer'" country="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCode="AMNH 5275" specimenCount="1">
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<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FD28C61EFF1EB542" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">AMNH 5275</specimenCode>
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(
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<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FF53C671FE71B542" box="[220,421,1863,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
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), ‘
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<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FE31C671FDEDB542" box="[446,569,1863,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Nathaniel</collectorName>
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B.
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||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FDEBC671FD14B542" box="[612,704,1863,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Palmer’</collectorName>
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</materialsCitation>
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R/V, NBP11-03 Expedition, Deep Site – North Grassy Knoll,
|
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<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FCA6C5C9FA44B790" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035326" collectingDate="2011-05-11" collectingDateMax="2011-05-14" collectingDateMin="2011-05-11" collectionCode="R, V, AMNH" collectorName="M. R. Brugler" country="Antarctica" county="Blake Trawl" elevation="720" latitude="-54.841667" location="Burdwood" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.1255" municipality="Drake Passage" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCode="AMNH 5254, NBP11-03, IZC 00361338" specimenCount="21">
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||
Sta. 10,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB2FFC6FC08C5C9FC2AB70A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB2FFC6FC08C5C9FC2AB70A" box="[903,1022,1279,1301]" country="Antarctica" county="Blake Trawl" latitude="-54.841667" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.1255" municipality="Drake Passage" name="Burdwood" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Burdwood</location>
|
||
/
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB2FFC6FB88C5C9FB07B70A" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB2FFC6FB88C5C9FB07B70A" box="[1031,1235,1279,1301]" country="Antarctica" county="Blake Trawl" latitude="-54.841667" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.1255" municipality="Drake Passage" name="Namuncura Bank" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Namuncurá Bank</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFB2FFC6FB6FC5C9FA59B70B" box="[1248,1421,1279,1301]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Drake Passage</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB2FFC6FCA6C42BFC77B72C" box="[809,931,1309,1331]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FC24C42BFBF6B72C" box="[939,1058,1309,1331]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="43.35" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-54.7225">54°43.35’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FBA7C42BFB72B72C" box="[1064,1190,1309,1331]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="14.21" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-62.23683">62°14.21’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB2FFC6FB20C428FB21B72C" box="[1199,1269,1310,1331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="720.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB2FFC6FB20C428FB21B72C" box="[1199,1269,1310,1331]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.2" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="720.0">720 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB2FFC6FB72C428FA59B72C" box="[1277,1421,1310,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-11">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB2FFC6FB72C428FA59B72C" box="[1277,1421,1310,1331]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-11">11 May 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFB2FFC6FCA6C40AFC6EB74D" box="[809,954,1340,1362]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Blake Trawl</collectingCounty>
|
||
, collected by M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FBF5C40AFB5AB74E" box="[1146,1166,1340,1361]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Brugler.
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FB70C40AFA44B74D" box="[1279,1424,1340,1362]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">AMNH 5254</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FCBFC46DFC06B76E" box="[816,978,1371,1393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">20 specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FC69C46DFB0DB76E" box="[998,1241,1371,1393]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Nathaniel B. Palmer</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FB6EC46DFB26B76F" box="[1249,1266,1371,1392]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FB75C46DFAD8B76F" box="[1274,1292,1371,1392]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FA97C46DFA45B76F" box="[1304,1425,1371,1392]" collectionCode="NBP" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">NBP11-03</specimenCode>
|
||
Expedition, Sta. 16, off Burdwood/Namuncurá Bank,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FCA6C4AEFA44B437" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035312" collectingDate="2011-05-11" collectingDateMax="2011-05-14" collectingDateMin="2011-05-11" collectionCode="R, V, AMNH" collectorName="M. R. Brugler" country="Antarctica" county="Blake Trawl" elevation="720" latitude="-54.841667" location="Burdwood" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.1255" municipality="Drake Passage" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCode="AMNH 5254, NBP11-03, IZC 00361338" specimenCount="21">
|
||
Drake Passage,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB2FFC6FC61C4AEFBA5B7B1" box="[1006,1137,1432,1454]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FBF0C4AEFB29B7B1" box="[1151,1277,1432,1454]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="48.52" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-54.808666">54º48.52’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FA88C4AEFA5FB7B1" box="[1287,1419,1432,1454]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="07.20" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-62.12">62º07.20’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB2FFC6FCA6C481FCABB7D3" box="[809,895,1463,1484]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.423" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="1423.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB2FFC6FCA6C481FCABB7D3" box="[809,895,1463,1484]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.423" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="1423.0">1423 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB2FFC6FC05C481FBCBB7D3" box="[906,1055,1463,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-13">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB2FFC6FC05C481FBCBB7D3" box="[906,1055,1463,1484]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-13">13 May 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
, Hein Dredge, collected by M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FAF6C481FA59B7D3" box="[1401,1421,1463,1484]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
|
||
. Brugler.
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FC1AC4E3FC3EB7F5" box="[917,1002,1493,1514]" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">AMNH</collectionCode>
|
||
_
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FC76C4E3FB71B7F4" box="[1017,1189,1493,1515]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">IZC 00361338</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FB38C4E3FA57B7F4" box="[1207,1411,1493,1515]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">three specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
),
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FCA6C4C2FBCDB415" box="[809,1049,1524,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Nathaniel B. Palmer</collectorName>
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FBAEC4C2FBE6B416" box="[1057,1074,1524,1545]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FBB6C4C2FB9FB416" box="[1081,1099,1524,1545]" country="Canada" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:13946" name="Royal British Columbia Museum - Herbarium" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="Museum">V</collectionCode>
|
||
,
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB2FFC6FBD8C4C2FB1AB416" box="[1111,1230,1524,1545]" collectionCode="NBP" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">NBP11-03</specimenCode>
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FB59C4C2FA83B415" box="[1238,1367,1524,1546]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Expedition</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FAECC4C2FA45B416" box="[1379,1425,1524,1545]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Sta.</collectorName>
|
||
22, off
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FCF5C725FC20B436" box="[890,1012,1555,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Burdwood</collectorName>
|
||
/
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FC73C725FB1BB436" box="[1020,1231,1555,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Namuncurá Bank</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FB54C725FA58B437" box="[1243,1420,1555,1577]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Drake Passage</collectorName>
|
||
,
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC6FCA6C707FAE4B479" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035331" collectingDate="2011-05-11" collectingDateMax="2011-05-14" collectingDateMin="2011-05-11" collectionCode="R, V, AMNH" collectorName="M. R. Brugler" country="Antarctica" county="Blake Trawl" elevation="720" latitude="-54.841667" location="Burdwood" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-62.1255" municipality="Drake Passage" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCode="AMNH 5254, NBP11-03, IZC 00361338" specimenCount="21">
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB2FFC6FCA6C707FC7EB458" box="[809,938,1585,1607]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FC37C707FBE0B458" box="[952,1076,1585,1607]" degrees="54" direction="south" minutes="50.50" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-54.841667">54º50.50’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FBB2C707FB15B458" box="[1085,1217,1585,1607]" degrees="62" direction="west" minutes="07.53" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-62.1255">62º07.53’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB2FFC6FB40C707FAFDB458" box="[1231,1321,1585,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.922" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="1922.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB2FFC6FB40C707FAFDB458" box="[1231,1321,1585,1607]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.922" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" unit="m" value="1922.0">1922 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
,
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB2FFC6FAB7C707FCB6B47A" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-14">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB2FFC6FAB7C707FCB6B47A" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" value="2011-05-14">14 May 2011</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FCE3C766FC2BB479" box="[876,1023,1616,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Hein Dredge</collectorName>
|
||
, collected by M.
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FB36C766FB19B47A" box="[1209,1229,1616,1637]" country="Chile" name="Departamento de Geologia, Universidad de Chile" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">R</collectionCode>
|
||
.
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FB58C766FAE4B479" box="[1239,1328,1616,1638]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Brugler</collectorName>
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB2FFC0FCA6C7B9FAA7B2E5" blockId="11.[809,1425,1679,1885]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1424,197,250]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1405" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB2FFC0FCA6C7B9FABAB2E5" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035338" collectionCode="GKG" collectorName="Sta. PS & P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Antarctica" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1405" latitude="-10.95" location="Southern Ocean" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.2508335" municipality="Kapp" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" specimenCount="2" typeStatus="holotype">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB2FFC6FCA6C7B9FA45B4BB" box="[809,1425,1679,1700]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Additional material examined for comparison:</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB2FFC6FCA6C79BFB0FB4DC" authority="ZMH C 1452" authorityName="ZMH C" authorityYear="1452" box="[809,1243,1709,1731]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB2FFC6FCA6C79BFB91B4DC" box="[809,1093,1709,1731]" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Scytophorus antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
ZMH C1452
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FB64C79BFA59B4DC" box="[1259,1421,1709,1731]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
:
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFB2FFC6FCA6C7FAFC42B4FD" box="[809,918,1740,1762]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
); locality: South Georgia.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB2FFC6FB6EC7FAFBDEB51F" authority="AMNH" authorityName="AMNH" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Halcampoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="purpureus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB2FFC6FB6EC7FAFC7EB51F" italics="true" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Halcampoides purpureus</emphasis>
|
||
AMNH
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
4498 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB2FFC6FBEBC7DDFAC0B51E" box="[1124,1300,1771,1793]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality:
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB2FFC6FCA6C63FFBD7B500" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB2FFC6FCA6C63FFBD7B500" box="[809,1027,1801,1823]" country="Antarctica" latitude="-10.95" longLatPrecision="925" longitude="-12.2508335" municipality="Kapp" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Southern Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB2FFC6FB96C63FFB72B500" box="[1049,1190,1801,1823]" name="Antarctica" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFB2FFC6FB32C63CFAD5B500" box="[1213,1281,1802,1823]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Kapp</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
Norvegia,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FCA6C61EFC5CB521" box="[809,904,1832,1854]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
56/105-1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FB8DC61EFB8BB521" box="[1026,1119,1832,1854]" degrees="10" direction="south" minutes="57" orientation="latitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="925" value="-10.95">10°57’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB2FFC6FBE6C61EFB20B521" box="[1129,1268,1832,1854]" degrees="12" direction="west" minutes="15.05" orientation="longitude" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403" precision="9" value="-12.2508335">12°15.05’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectionCode id="C7DCCDCEFFB2FFC6FA8CC61EFA95B522" box="[1283,1345,1832,1853]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">GKG</collectionCode>
|
||
, giant box corer, collected in 2000 by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB2FFC6FB20C671FA44B542" box="[1199,1424,1863,1885]" pageId="11" pageNumber="1403">P. López-González</collectorName>
|
||
bi-layered cuticle on column with foreign material attached to it,
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FC41C1D2FC08B2E6" box="[974,988,228,249]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores A in actinopharynx
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5B20583FFB5FFC0FF2CC7BDFB95B573" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1405" pageId="12" pageNumber="1404" startId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" targetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" targetPageId="12">
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB5FFC0FF2CC7BDFB95B573" blockId="12.[163,1444,1675,1873]" lastBlockId="13.[145,1426,1614,1900]" lastPageId="13" lastPageNumber="1405" pageId="12" pageNumber="1404">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB5FFC1FF2CC7BDFED8B4BF" bold="true" box="[163,268,1675,1697]" pageId="12" pageNumber="1404">Figure 7.</emphasis>
|
||
Internal anatomy and microanatomy of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB5FFC1FD31C7BDFC42B4BE" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[702,918,1675,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="12" pageNumber="1404" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB5FFC1FD31C7BDFC42B4BE" box="[702,918,1675,1697]" italics="true" pageId="12" pageNumber="1404">Scytophorus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FE73C660FD9FB573" box="[508,587,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="0.2">0.2 mm</quantity>
|
||
; O,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FDFDC660FD16B573" box="[626,706,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-4" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="0.3">0.3 mm</quantity>
|
||
; B, F,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FD70C660FCE8B573" box="[767,828,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="4.0">4 mm</quantity>
|
||
; C, D,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FCF1C660FC6FB573" box="[894,955,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="1.0">1 mm</quantity>
|
||
; G–L,
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FC71C660FBE8B573" box="[1022,1084,1878,1900]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="2.0">2 mm</quantity>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB4FFC0FCA6C014FC30B0D8" blockId="13.[809,1425,290,711]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FCA6C014FB84B327" box="[809,1104,290,312]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
External anatomy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FB8CC015FB96B328" box="[1027,1090,290,312]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Body elongate in preserved specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FC3DC077FBF2B348" box="[946,1062,321,343]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6A, B</figureCitation>
|
||
) but with aboral end flattened without a well-defined physa (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FB2FC056FACDB369" box="[1184,1305,352,374]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6A–C</figureCitation>
|
||
). Column cylindrical with 14 longitudinal furrows/evaginations (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FCBEC0ABFC51B3AC" box="[817,901,413,435]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6B</figureCitation>
|
||
), divided into scapulus and scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FABCC0ABFA5CB3AC" box="[1331,1416,413,435]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6D</figureCitation>
|
||
) and tenaculi throughout scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FB49C08AFACBB3CD" box="[1222,1311,444,466]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6E</figureCitation>
|
||
); column with epidermis covered by yellow cuticle distributed on scapus (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FC3DC0CFFBFEB010" box="[946,1066,505,527]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6B, E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Column diameter
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FAAEC0CFFA44B010" box="[1313,1424,505,527]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="11.0" metricValueMin="5.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="11.0" valueMin="5.0">5–11 mm</quantity>
|
||
distally and
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FC4DC32EFBF7B032" box="[962,1059,536,557]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.0" metricValueMax="9.0" metricValueMin="7.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="8.0" valueMax="9.0" valueMin="7.0">7–9 mm</quantity>
|
||
proximally;
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FB32C32EFAEFB032" box="[1213,1339,536,557]" metricMagnitude="-2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.9" metricValueMax="4.0" metricValueMin="1.8" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="29.0" valueMax="40.0" valueMin="18.0">18–40 mm</quantity>
|
||
length in preserved specimens. Oral disc small, circular, contracted in all specimens (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FBF4C363FAC4B074" box="[1147,1296,597,619]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 6A, B, D</figureCitation>
|
||
); diameter
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FCA6C342FC5EB096" box="[809,906,628,649]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="4.5" metricValueMax="7.0" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="mm" value="4.5" valueMax="7.0" valueMin="2.0">2–7 mm</quantity>
|
||
in preserved specimens. Margin of column tentaculate; tentacles 14, smooth; putatively arranged in a single cycle.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5B20583FFB4FFC0FF1EC284FDA4B1F9" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752647" ID-Zenodo-Dep="5752647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752647/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" startId="13.[145,223,946,968]" targetBox="[213,692,197,904]" targetPageId="13">
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB4FFC0FF1EC284FDA4B1F9" blockId="13.[145,761,946,998]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FF1EC284FF2CB1D8" bold="true" box="[145,248,946,968]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Figure 8.</emphasis>
|
||
Cnidom of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB4FFC0FEFBC284FD9FB1D7" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[372,587,946,968]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FEFBC284FD9FB1D7" box="[372,587,946,968]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Scytophorus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. A, B, D, E, G, H, basitrich; C, spirocyst; F, I,
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FE24C2E6FE6CB1FA" box="[427,440,976,997]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">p</emphasis>
|
||
–mastigophore A.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB4FFC0FF1EC53AFEA1B78E" blockId="13.[145,760,1036,1426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FF16C53AFEF5B63E" box="[153,289,1036,1057]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.3049999999999997" metricValueMax="3.31" metricValueMin="3.3" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="330.5" valueMax="331.0" valueMin="330.0">330–331 m</quantity>
|
||
).
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB4FFC0FEB9C53AFEFEB683" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035324" collectingDate="2000-04-28" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Sta. PS & P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Antarctica" county="Agassiz Trawl" elevation="859" latitude="-63.08" location="Southern Ocean" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-59.546665" municipality="Bransfield Strait" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" specimenCode="AMNH 4501" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB4FFC0FEB9C53AFE18B63D" box="[310,460,1036,1058]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">AMNH 4501</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB4FFC0FE52C53AFD50B63D" box="[477,644,1036,1058]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality:
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC51CFE80B65F" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC51CFE80B65F" box="[145,340,1066,1088]" country="Antarctica" county="Agassiz Trawl" latitude="-63.08" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-59.546665" municipality="Bransfield Strait" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Southern Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB4FFC0FEEFC51CFE34B65F" box="[352,480,1066,1088]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFB4FFC0FE61C51CFD68B65F" box="[494,700,1066,1088]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Bransfield Strait</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FD45C51DFF60B640" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
56/164-1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB4FFC0FEA5C57FFE7CB640" box="[298,424,1097,1119]" degrees="63" direction="south" minutes="04.80" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" precision="9" value="-63.08">63°04.80’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB4FFC0FE3DC57FFDEDB640" box="[434,569,1097,1119]" degrees="59" direction="west" minutes="32.80" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" precision="9" value="-59.546665">59°32.80’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFB4FFC0FDC9C57FFD20B640" box="[582,756,1097,1119]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Agassiz Trawl</collectingCounty>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB4FFC0FEBDC55EFE34B662" box="[306,480,1128,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="2000-04-28">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB4FFC0FEBDC55EFE34B662" box="[306,480,1128,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="2000-04-28">28 April 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FD9CC55EFD23B661" box="[531,759,1128,1150]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">P. López-González</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FF16C5B0FEF5B683" box="[153,289,1158,1180]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.584999999999999" metricValueMax="8.59" metricValueMin="8.58" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="858.5" valueMax="859.0" valueMin="858.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB4FFC0FF16C5B0FEF5B683" box="[153,289,1158,1180]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.584999999999999" metricValueMax="8.59" metricValueMin="8.58" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="858.5" valueMax="859.0" valueMin="858.0">858–859 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB4FFC0FEB9C5B1FEFCB708" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035301" collectingDate="2000-05-03" collectionCode="AMNH" collectorName="Sta. PS & P. Lopez-Gonzalez" country="Antarctica" county="Bottom Trawl" elevation="202" latitude="-62.119167" location="Southern Ocean" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-60.376667" municipality="West Deception Island" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" specimenCode="AMNH 4502" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<specimenCode id="F16BFD70FFB4FFC0FEB9C5B1FE18B683" box="[310,460,1158,1180]" collectionCode="AMNH" country="USA" httpUri="http://biocol.org/urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" lsid="urn:lsid:biocol.org:col:34925" name="American Museum of Natural History" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">AMNH 4502</specimenCode>
|
||
(
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB4FFC0FE52C5B1FD50B683" box="[477,644,1158,1180]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" type="generic">one specimen</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality:
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC593FE85B6A5" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC593FE85B6A5" box="[145,337,1189,1211]" country="Antarctica" county="Bottom Trawl" latitude="-62.119167" longLatPrecision="10" longitude="-60.376667" municipality="West Deception Island" name="Southern Ocean" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Southern Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB4FFC0FED2C593FE08B6A4" box="[349,476,1189,1211]" name="Antarctica" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFB4FFC0FE67C590FD27B6A4" box="[488,755,1189,1211]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">West Deception Island</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FF1EC5F2FF27B6C5" box="[145,243,1220,1242]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Sta. PS</collectorName>
|
||
56/183-1,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB4FFC0FEE0C5F2FE20B6C5" box="[367,500,1220,1242]" degrees="62" direction="south" minutes="07.15" orientation="latitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" precision="9" value="-62.119167">62°07.15’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB4FFC0FD8FC5F2FD59B6C5" box="[512,653,1220,1242]" degrees="60" direction="west" minutes="22.60" orientation="longitude" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" precision="9" value="-60.376667">60°22.60’W</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFB4FFC0FD11C5F2FF0CB6E7" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Bottom Trawl</collectingCounty>
|
||
, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB4FFC0FEFBC5D5FE2FB6E7" box="[372,507,1251,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="2000-05-03">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB4FFC0FEFBC5D5FE2FB6E7" box="[372,507,1251,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="2000-05-03">3 May 2000</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FDAAC5D5FD2CB6E7" box="[549,760,1250,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">P. López-González</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FF17C437FECBB708" box="[152,287,1281,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="202.0" valueMax="204.0" valueMin="200.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB4FFC0FF17C437FECBB708" box="[152,287,1281,1303]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.02" metricValueMax="2.04" metricValueMin="2.0" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="202.0" valueMax="204.0" valueMin="200.0">200–204 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
<materialsCitation id="11A55F56FFB4FFC0FEBBC437FEA5B78E" ID-GBIF-Occurrence="3414035328" collectingDate="1937-07-15" collectorName="Stranger M & W. Williams" country="Antarctica" county="Punuk Islands" elevation="27" location="North Pacific Ocean" municipality="Alaska" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" specimenCount="1">
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB4FFC0FEBBC437FEF9B72A" authority="Danielssen, 1890 USNM" authorityName="Danielssen" authorityYear="1890" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Halcampoides" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="abyssorum">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FEBBC437FDB2B709" box="[308,614,1281,1302]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Halcampoides abyssorum</emphasis>
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB4FFC0FDE1C437FF19B72A" author="Danielssen DC" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" refId="ref15337" refString="Danielssen DC. 1890. Actinida. Den Norske Nordhavs- Expedition 1876 - 1878. Zoologi. Christiania: Grondahl & Son." type="book" year="1890">Danielssen, 1890</bibRefCitation>
|
||
USNM
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
53297 (
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB4FFC0FE14C416FDACB729" box="[411,632,1312,1334]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" type="generic">seven specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
); locality:
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC408FE46B74B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB4FFC0FF1EC408FE46B74B" box="[145,402,1342,1364]" country="Antarctica" county="Punuk Islands" municipality="Alaska" name="North Pacific Ocean" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">North Pacific Ocean</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<location id="A41203D0FFB4FFC0FE2DC408FDE4B74B" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:2964E41DFFB2FFC3FF53C771FB06B547:A41203D0FFB4FFC0FE2DC408FDE4B74B" box="[418,560,1342,1364]" country="Antarctica" county="Punuk Islands" municipality="Alaska" name="Bering Sea" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Bering Sea</location>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingMunicipality id="4116CF71FFB4FFC0FDB0C408FD43B74B" box="[575,663,1342,1364]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Alaska</collectingMunicipality>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectingCounty id="48132D87FFB4FFC0FD28C408FF3EB76C" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Punuk Islands</collectingCounty>
|
||
,
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FF78C46BFE57B76D" box="[247,387,1373,1394]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Stranger M</collectorName>
|
||
/S, collected on
|
||
<date id="D57373CBFFB4FFC0FDB4C46BFD01B76D" box="[571,725,1373,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="1937-07-15">
|
||
<collectingDate id="C5378A23FFB4FFC0FDB4C46BFD01B76D" box="[571,725,1373,1395]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" value="1937-07-15">15 July 1937</collectingDate>
|
||
</date>
|
||
by
|
||
<collectorName id="0C3830DDFFB4FFC0FF1EC44AFECFB78D" box="[145,283,1404,1426]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">W. Williams</collectorName>
|
||
(
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB4FFC0FEA4C44AFEBCB78E" box="[299,360,1404,1425]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="27.0">
|
||
<elevation id="2AE0B238FFB4FFC0FEA4C44AFEBCB78E" box="[299,360,1404,1425]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405" unit="m" value="27.0">27 m</elevation>
|
||
</quantity>
|
||
)
|
||
</materialsCitation>
|
||
.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB4FFC0FF1EC48DFBB6B6E7" blockId="13.[145,761,1466,1519]" lastBlockId="13.[809,1426,760,1272]" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FF1EC48DFED8B7CF" box="[145,268,1467,1488]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Diagnosis:</emphasis>
|
||
Fourteen mesenteries arranged in seven pairs, 14 tentacles, hermaphrodite, strongly attached,
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FCA6C3CEFAD2B112" box="[809,1286,760,781]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
Internal anatomy, microanatomy (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FB3AC3CEFB22B112" box="[1205,1270,760,781]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7</figureCitation>
|
||
):
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
Aboral end flat, not physa-like, but without basilar musculature (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FCBDC203FC5CB155" box="[818,904,821,843]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). Overall body wall thickness varies along column: generally thicker on furrows (epidermis 53–119 µm, mesoglea 33–119 µm, gastrodermis 50–122 µm) than rest of column (epidermis 32–84 µm, mesoglea 19–88 µm, gastrodermis 50–94 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FCBDC2F8FC5DB1FB" box="[818,905,974,996]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Bi-layered cuticle on column (19–35 µm) (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FCBDC2DBFC53B61D" box="[818,903,1005,1027]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7B</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal endodermal musculature of column strong (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FC61C53AFB93B63E" box="[1006,1095,1036,1058]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7C</figureCitation>
|
||
); higher muscle processes in distal column, but not forming a differentiated marginal sphincter muscle (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FB0DC57FFB0FB641" box="[1154,1243,1097,1119]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7D</figureCitation>
|
||
). Longitudinal musculature of tentacles ectodermal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FAAEC55EFAABB662" box="[1313,1407,1128,1150]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7E</figureCitation>
|
||
). Actinopharynx approximately one-third of the length of the column, longitudinally sulcate, more heavily folded proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FBFCC5F2FB1CB6C6" box="[1139,1224,1220,1242]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7F</figureCitation>
|
||
). Two indistinct siphonoglyphs (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FC50C5D4FB86B6E7" box="[991,1106,1250,1272]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7G, K</figureCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB4FFC3FCA6C414FF2CB626" blockId="13.[809,1425,1313,1519]" lastBlockId="14.[163,779,845,1082]" lastPageId="14" lastPageNumber="1406" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB4FFC0FCA6C414FADDB728" box="[809,1289,1313,1335]" italics="true" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Mesenteries with unusual arrangement:</emphasis>
|
||
14 perfect mesenteries arranged in seven pairs, including a single pair of directives (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FBD1C468FB07B76B" box="[1118,1235,1374,1396]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7H, I</figureCitation>
|
||
). Macrocnemes span entire length of body, from proximal (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FA93C44BFABFB78D" box="[1308,1387,1405,1427]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7J</figureCitation>
|
||
) to distal column (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FC51C4AAFBE7B7AE" box="[990,1075,1436,1458]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Retractors of macrocnemes small, strong, circumscript, with clear pennon distally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB4FFC0FCBDC4EFFC40B7F1" box="[818,916,1497,1519]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="13" pageNumber="1405">Fig. 7M</figureCitation>
|
||
). Parietal musculature well developed, strong (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FF73C27BFE84B17C" box="[252,336,845,867]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 7N</figureCitation>
|
||
), equally developed in all mesenteries (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FF24C25AFF21B19E" box="[171,245,876,898]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 7I</figureCitation>
|
||
), more developed proximally (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FDDEC25AFD75B19E" box="[593,673,876,898]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 7L</figureCitation>
|
||
). Basilar musculature absent (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FE25C2BDFDD5B1BF" box="[426,513,907,929]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 7A</figureCitation>
|
||
). The
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB7FFC3FDDDC2BDFCDEB1BE" box="[594,778,907,929]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" type="generic">four specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
examined hermaphroditic (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FE75C29FFD82B1A1" box="[506,598,937,959]" captionStart="Figure 7" captionStartId="12.[163,242,1675,1697]" captionTargetBox="[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetId="figure-27@12.[380,1225,195,1635]" captionTargetPageId="12" captionText="Figure 7. Internal anatomy and microanatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, micro-CT scan of longitudinal section through flattened pedal disc; note absence of basilar musculature (arrows); B, cross-section through mid-scapus showing area between furrows; note body layers and bilayered cuticle (indicated by arrow); C, histological longitudinal section through distal column showing strong, circular endodermal musculature; D, detail of distal scapus showing high muscle processes of strong, circular endodermal musculature (indicated by arrow); E, histological longitudinal section through tentacle showing ectodermal longitudinal musculature; F, micro-CT longitudinal scan through a whole specimen showing flattened pedal disc, actinopharynx, tentacles and gastrovascular cavity; note foreign material attached to epidermis of column and pedal disc; G, micro-CT scanning through distal column showing actinopharynx and two indistinct siphonoglyph (indicated by asterisks); H, cross-section through mid-scapus showing 14 macrocnemes (indicated by numbers) arranged in seven pairs; I, histological cross-section through mid-scapus showing arrangement of mesenteries in seven pairs (indicated by numbers); J, micro-CT cross-section scan through scapulus showing 14 mesenteries; K, micro-CT cross-section scan through distal scapus showing actinopharynx and weak siphonoglyphs (indicated by asterisks); note weak parietobasilar musculature of extra mesentery (indicated by arrow); L, micro-CT cross-section scan through proximal column; note all 14 mesenteries with gonads (= macrocnemes); M, detail of retractor of macrocneme with pennon distally (indicated by asterisk); N, detail of strong parietobasilar musculature of macrocneme; O, detail of macrocneme with both oocytes and spermatic cysts. Abbreviations: ac, actinopharynx; d, directive pair; ep, epidermis; ga, gastrodermis; gc, gastrovascular cavity; me, mesoglea; pd, pedal disc; t, tentacles. Scale bars: A, E, M, N, 0.2 mm; O, 0.3 mm; B, F, 4 mm; C, D, 1 mm; G–L, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752643" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752643/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 7O</figureCitation>
|
||
): one to three oocytes per macrocneme (major axis of oocytes 217– 597 µm) and many spermatic cysts (major axis of spermatic cysts 94–311 µm); all specimens collected in May.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" ID-Table-UUID="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" startId="14.[163,227,196,217]" targetBox="[163,1427,312,749]" targetIsTable="true" targetPageId="14">
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" blockId="14.[163,1413,196,276]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FF29B2C6" bold="true" box="[163,253,196,217]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Table 2.</emphasis>
|
||
Size ranges of the cnidae of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FDA4C1F2FCD7B2C5" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[555,771,196,218]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FDA4C1F2FCD7B2C5" box="[555,771,196,218]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Scytophorus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found;
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FE76C1D4FDDFB2E8" box="[505,523,226,247]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">N</emphasis>
|
||
, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB7FFC3FF2CC00EFAA5B0F2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<table id="D3CDA7ABFFB70032FF2CC00EFA47B0F2" box="[163,1427,312,749]" gridcols="6" gridrows="14" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC00EFA47B351" box="[163,1427,312,334]" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC00EFE58B351" box="[163,396,312,334]" gridcol="0" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Categories</th>
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C00EFC4FB351" box="[646,923,312,334]" gridcol="1" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Range of length and width</th>
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC00EFB4EB351" box="[963,1178,312,334]" gridcol="2" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">± SD</th>
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C00EFB31B351" box="[1215,1253,312,334]" gridcol="3" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S</th>
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C00EFAE8B351" box="[1308,1340,312,334]" gridcol="4" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FA93C00FFAFAB351" box="[1308,1326,313,334]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">N</emphasis>
|
||
</th>
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC00EFA47B351" box="[1379,1427,312,334]" gridcol="5" gridrow="0" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">F</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC060FA47B373" box="[163,1427,342,364]" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC060FA47B373" box="[163,1427,342,364]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="1" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">of capsules (µm)</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC0BBFA47B3BC" box="[163,1427,397,419]" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC0BBFA47B3BC" box="[163,1427,397,419]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="2" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">COLUMN</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC09DFA47B3DE" box="[163,1427,427,449]" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC09DFE58B3DE" box="[163,396,427,449]" gridcol="0" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Basitrichs (A–B)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C09DFC4FB3DE" box="[646,923,427,449]" gridcol="1" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">14.4–34.2 × 3.2–5.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC09DFB4EB3DE" box="[963,1178,427,449]" gridcol="2" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">21.3 ± 5.5 × 4.1 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C09DFB31B3DE" box="[1215,1253,427,449]" gridcol="3" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">98</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C09DFAE8B3DE" box="[1308,1340,427,449]" gridcol="4" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC09DFA47B3DE" box="[1379,1427,427,449]" gridcol="5" gridrow="3" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC0FFFA47B3C0" box="[163,1427,457,479]" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC0FFFA47B3C0" box="[163,1427,457,479]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="4" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">TENTACLES</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC0D1FA47B3E2" box="[163,1427,487,509]" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC0D1FE58B3E2" box="[163,396,487,509]" gridcol="0" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Spirocysts (C)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C0D1FC4FB3E2" box="[646,923,487,509]" gridcol="1" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">17.8–41.1 × 2.9–6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC0D1FB4EB3E2" box="[963,1178,487,509]" gridcol="2" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">30.0 ± 4.3 × 4.3 ± 0.7</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C0D1FB31B3E2" box="[1215,1253,487,509]" gridcol="3" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">198</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C0D1FAE8B3E2" box="[1308,1340,487,509]" gridcol="4" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC0D1FA47B3E2" box="[1379,1427,487,509]" gridcol="5" gridrow="5" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC333FA47B004" box="[163,1427,517,539]" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC333FE58B004" box="[163,396,517,539]" gridcol="0" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Basitrichs (D)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C333FC4FB004" box="[646,923,517,539]" gridcol="1" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">24.0–37.6 × 2.5–5.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC333FB4EB004" box="[963,1178,517,539]" gridcol="2" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">29.2 ± 2.1 × 3.5 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C333FB31B004" box="[1215,1253,517,539]" gridcol="3" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">114</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C333FAE8B004" box="[1308,1340,517,539]" gridcol="4" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC333FA47B004" box="[1379,1427,517,539]" gridcol="5" gridrow="6" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC315FA47B026" box="[163,1427,547,569]" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC315FA47B026" box="[163,1427,547,569]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="7" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">PHARYNX</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC377FA47B048" box="[163,1427,577,599]" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC377FE58B048" box="[163,396,577,599]" gridcol="0" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Basitrichs (E)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C377FC4FB048" box="[646,923,577,599]" gridcol="1" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">22.2–51.1 × 3.1–6.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC377FB4EB048" box="[963,1178,577,599]" gridcol="2" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">30.4 ± 5.2 × 4.0 ± 0.6</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C377FB31B048" box="[1215,1253,577,599]" gridcol="3" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">93</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C377FAE8B048" box="[1308,1340,577,599]" gridcol="4" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC377FA47B048" box="[1379,1427,577,599]" gridcol="5" gridrow="8" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC369FA47B06A" box="[163,1427,607,629]" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC369FE58B06A" box="[163,396,607,629]" gridcol="0" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC356FF6EB06A" box="[163,186,608,629]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">P-</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores A (F)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C369FC4FB06A" box="[646,923,607,629]" gridcol="1" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">14.4–25.9 × 4.6–7.0</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC369FB4EB06A" box="[963,1178,607,629]" gridcol="2" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">20.9 ± 2.0 × 5.6 ± 0.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C369FB31B06A" box="[1215,1253,607,629]" gridcol="3" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">105</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C369FAE8B06A" box="[1308,1340,607,629]" gridcol="4" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC369FA47B06A" box="[1379,1427,607,629]" gridcol="5" gridrow="9" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC34BFA47B08C" box="[163,1427,637,659]" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC34BFA47B08C" box="[163,1427,637,659]" colspan="6" colspanRight="5" gridcol="0" gridrow="10" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">FILAMENT</th>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC3ADFA47B0AE" box="[163,1427,667,689]" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC3ADFE58B0AE" box="[163,396,667,689]" gridcol="0" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Basitrichs I (G)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C3ADFC4FB0AE" box="[646,923,667,689]" gridcol="1" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">19.0–27.2 × 3.0–4.5</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC3ADFB4EB0AE" box="[963,1178,667,689]" gridcol="2" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">23.0 ± 1.7 × 3.7 ± 0.3</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C3ADFB31B0AE" box="[1215,1253,667,689]" gridcol="3" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">37</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C3ADFAE8B0AE" box="[1308,1340,667,689]" gridcol="4" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC3ADFA47B0AE" box="[1379,1427,667,689]" gridcol="5" gridrow="11" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC38FFA47B0D0" box="[163,1427,697,719]" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC38FFE58B0D0" box="[163,396,697,719]" gridcol="0" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Basitrichs II (H)</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C38FFC4FB0D0" box="[646,923,697,719]" gridcol="1" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">48.9–86.6 × 4.0–6.1</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC38FFB4EB0D0" box="[963,1178,697,719]" gridcol="2" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">63.0 ± 6.7 × 5.1 ± 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C38FFB31B0D0" box="[1215,1253,697,719]" gridcol="3" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">130</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C38FFAE8B0D0" box="[1308,1340,697,719]" gridcol="4" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC38FFA47B0D0" box="[1379,1427,697,719]" gridcol="5" gridrow="12" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+++</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
<tr id="1FFD5749FFB70032FF2CC3E1FA47B0F2" box="[163,1427,727,749]" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<th id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FF2CC3E1FE58B0F2" box="[163,396,727,749]" gridcol="0" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC3EEFF6EB0F2" box="[163,186,728,749]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">P-</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores A (I)
|
||
</th>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FD09C3E1FC4FB0F2" box="[646,923,727,749]" gridcol="1" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">19.4–28.2 × 4.1–6.2</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FC4CC3E1FB4EB0F2" box="[963,1178,727,749]" gridcol="2" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">23.1 ± 2.2 × 5.3 ± 0.4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FB30C3E1FB31B0F2" box="[1215,1253,727,749]" gridcol="3" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">29</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FA93C3E1FAE8B0F2" box="[1308,1340,727,749]" gridcol="4" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">4/4</td>
|
||
<td id="5C2C3E35FFB70032FAECC3E1FA47B0F2" box="[1379,1427,727,749]" gridcol="5" gridrow="13" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">+</td>
|
||
</tr>
|
||
</table>
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB7FFC3FF2CC555FCD3B688" blockId="14.[163,779,1123,1175]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC555FED2B667" box="[163,262,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Cnidom:</emphasis>
|
||
spirocysts, basitrichs and p-mastigophores A. See
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FF7DC5B7FE87B689" box="[242,339,1153,1175]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,223,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[213,692,197,904]" captionTargetId="figure-649@13.[211,694,195,906]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Cnidom of Scytophorus striatus. A, B, D, E, G, H, basitrich; C, spirocyst; F, I, p–mastigophore A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752647/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Figure 8</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFB7FFC3FE03C5B7FE34B689" box="[396,480,1153,1175]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Size ranges of the cnidae of Scytophorus striatus; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
for size and distribution.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB7FFC3FF2CC5F6FC1DB1A0" blockId="14.[163,779,1216,1882]" lastBlockId="14.[827,1442,845,959]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC5F6FD85B6CA" box="[163,593,1216,1237]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Distribution and natural history:</emphasis>
|
||
Over a dozen specimens of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FEB8C5E9FDF6B6EB" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[311,546,1247,1268]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FEB8C5E9FDF6B6EB" box="[311,546,1247,1268]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Scytophorus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
were collected in the same trawl suggesting they might be locally abundant in the Burdwood Bank (also known as Namuncurá Bank) at
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB7FFC3FE94C40DFEAFB74F" box="[283,379,1339,1360]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.423" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" unit="m" value="1423.0">1423 m</quantity>
|
||
. Many of these specimens were collected attached to scleractinian corals (
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FD24C46FFCD6B770" box="[683,770,1369,1391]" captionStart="Figure 6" captionStartId="11.[145,225,1052,1074]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetId="figure-359@11.[145,1425,195,1012]" captionTargetPageId="11" captionText="Figure 6. External anatomy of Scytophorus striatus. A, lateral view of live specimen attached to scleractinian coral; B, lateral view of preserved specimen showing elongate shape, columnar cuticle and sand grains attached to column; C, detail of flattened pedal disc; D, oral view of preserved specimen showing short scapulus (indicated by arrow); E, detail of column showing small tenaculi with attached sand grains and yellow cuticle; note longitudinal columnar furrows (indicated by arrows). Scale bars: A, E, 2 mm; B, 5 mm; C, D, 4 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752639" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752639/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 6A</figureCitation>
|
||
) indicating that at least some of them live burrowed in the sand but attached to solid substrates, which were plentiful in the trawl (e.g. coarse sand and coral gravel). The species was collected in an area in which octocorals and stylasterid hydroids were also trawled.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FF2CC727FE73B438" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[163,423,1553,1575]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FF2CC727FE73B438" box="[163,423,1553,1575]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Scytophorus striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
was previously known only from its
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFB7FFC3FE89C706FEECB45A" box="[262,312,1584,1605]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">type</typeStatus>
|
||
locality between the Kerguelen Islands and
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB7FFC3FF55C778FD77B47B" box="[218,675,1614,1636]" name="Heard Island and McDonald Islands" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Heard Island and McDonald Islands</collectingCountry>
|
||
(
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB7FFC3FD39C778FCD0B47B" box="[694,772,1614,1636]" degrees="52" direction="south" minutes="4" orientation="latitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" precision="925" value="-52.066666">52°4’S</geoCoordinate>
|
||
,
|
||
<geoCoordinate id="C4F933CCFFB7FFC3FF2CC75BFF2AB49C" box="[163,254,1645,1667]" degrees="71" direction="east" minutes="22" orientation="longitude" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" precision="925" value="71.36667">71°22’E</geoCoordinate>
|
||
) in somewhat shallow waters (
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB7FFC3FDFBC75BFD16B49C" box="[628,706,1645,1667]" metricMagnitude="2" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.7399999999999998" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" unit="m" value="274.0">274 m</quantity>
|
||
). This new record for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FED2C7BAFE0EB4BE" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[349,474,1676,1697]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FED2C7BAFE0EB4BE" box="[349,474,1676,1697]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
extends the distribution of the species from the Indian Ocean region of
|
||
<collectingCountry id="D9DA159BFFB7FFC3FF2CC7FFFECBB4C0" box="[163,287,1737,1759]" name="Antarctica" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Antarctica</collectingCountry>
|
||
(Kerguelen) to the Atlantic portion of the sub-Antarctic region (Burdwood/Namuncurá Bank), a region that connects continental South America to the northern region of the Antarctic Peninsula. We also extend significantly the bathymetric range of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FCB4C27BFC60B17C" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[827,948,845,867]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCB4C27BFC60B17C" box="[827,948,845,867]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
to
|
||
<quantity id="6635F8EEFFB7FFC3FC54C27BFBBFB17C" box="[987,1131,845,867]" metricMagnitude="3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.321" metricValueMax="1.922" metricValueMin="0.72" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" unit="m" value="1321.0" valueMax="1922.0" valueMin="720.0">720–1922 m</quantity>
|
||
depth.
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB4AC27BFA81B17D" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[1221,1365,845,866]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="genus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB4AC27BFA81B17D" box="[1221,1365,845,866]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Scytophorus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is one of only six genera found in both Antarctic and sub- Antarctic regions (~7% of Antarctic fauna:
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB7FFC3FAA2C2BCFC6DB1A1" author="Rodriguez E & Lopez-Gonzalez PJ & Gili J" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" pagination="1876 - 1904" refId="ref18115" refString="Rodriguez E, Lopez-Gonzalez PJ, Gili J. 2007. Biogeography of Antarctic sea anemones (Anthozoa, Actiniaria): what do they tell us about the origin of the Antarctic benthic fauna? Deep-Sea Research II 54: 1876 - 1904." type="journal article" year="2007">
|
||
Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCB4C29CFCB9B1A1" box="[827,877,937,959]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">et al</emphasis>
|
||
., 2007
|
||
</bibRefCitation>
|
||
).
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<paragraph id="A172550BFFB7FFC3FCB4C2DEFB06B547" blockId="14.[827,1444,1000,1880]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCB4C2DEFC71B1E2" box="[827,933,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Remarks:</emphasis>
|
||
Specimens of S
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FBD6C2DEFAFBB1E2" box="[1113,1327,1000,1021]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">
|
||
cytophorus
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB57C2DEFAFBB1E2" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[1240,1327,1000,1021]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">striatus</taxonomicName>
|
||
</emphasis>
|
||
examined in this study largely agree with the original description in terms of external anatomy and musculature. We document and provide the cnidom and cnidae size ranges of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FC21C555FBF1B667" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[942,1061,1123,1144]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FC21C555FBF1B667" box="[942,1061,1123,1144]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
for the first time (see
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FAA1C554FABBB667" box="[1326,1391,1122,1144]" captionStart="Figure 8" captionStartId="13.[145,223,946,968]" captionTargetBox="[213,692,197,904]" captionTargetId="figure-649@13.[211,694,195,906]" captionTargetPageId="13" captionText="Figure 8. Cnidom of Scytophorus striatus. A, B, D, E, G, H, basitrich; C, spirocyst; F, I, p–mastigophore A." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752647" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752647/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 8</figureCitation>
|
||
and
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFB7FFC3FCB4C5B7FC46B689" box="[827,914,1153,1175]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Size ranges of the cnidae of Scytophorus striatus; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
) and show that it differs from the one given for
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FCE9C596FBDAB6AA" authorityName="ZMH C" authorityYear="1452" box="[870,1038,1184,1205]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCE9C596FBDAB6AA" box="[870,1038,1184,1205]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
by
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB7FFC3FBB1C596FB2BB6A9" author="Carlgren O" box="[1086,1279,1184,1206]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" pagination="1901 - 1903" refId="ref14743" refString="Carlgren O. 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In: Odhner T, ed. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1927">Carlgren (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
and our own examination of its
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFB7FFC3FB98C588FBAEB6CB" box="[1047,1146,1214,1236]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
(ZMH C1452; see
|
||
<figureCitation id="39F6498EFFB7FFC3FADCC588FA40B6CB" box="[1363,1428,1214,1236]" captionStart="Figure 9" captionStartId="15.[145,224,1304,1326]" captionTargetBox="[145,1425,195,1264]" captionTargetId="figure-220@15.[145,1425,195,1264]" captionTargetPageId="15" captionText="Figure 9. External and internal anatomy of Scytophorus antarcticus (Holotype: ZMH C1452). A, lateral view of sectioned specimen; B, detail of round pedal disc; C, detail of smooth column without cuticle; D, distal column with marginal tentacles; E, oral view of specimen showing its 14 tentacles (indicated by numbers); F, cross-section dissection of distal column showing the arrangement and morphology of mesenteries; G, diagram of mesentery arrangement; H, detail of distal column showing multiple marginal stomata in a mesentery (indicated by arrow). Abbreviations: di, directive mesenteries; si, siphonoglyph. Scale bars: A, 10 mm; B, D, 5 mm; C, E, F, H, 2 mm." figureDoi="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5752649" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/5752649/files/figure.png" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">Fig. 9</figureCitation>
|
||
). Both species differ in the size of basitrichs in the column and the actinopharynx, which in the column only overlaps in the lower range of those in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB78C42DFABEB72F" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[1271,1386,1307,1328]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB78C42DFABEB72F" box="[1271,1386,1307,1328]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, and the presence of
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FC61C40CFBD0B750" box="[1006,1028,1338,1359]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">p-</emphasis>
|
||
mastigophores in the actinopharynx in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FCD2C46EFC0AB772" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[861,990,1368,1389]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCD2C46EFC0AB772" box="[861,990,1368,1389]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Although
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB7FFC3FBE4C46EFAE4B771" author="Carlgren O" box="[1131,1328,1368,1390]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" pagination="1901 - 1903" refId="ref14743" refString="Carlgren O. 1927. Actiniaria and Zoantharia. In: Odhner T, ed. Further Zoological Results of the Swedish Antarctic Expedition 1901 - 1903. Stockholm: P. A. Norstedt & Soner, 1 - 102." type="book chapter" year="1927">Carlgren (1927)</bibRefCitation>
|
||
does not specify the types of nematocysts in
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB59C441FAA1B793" authorityName="ZMH C" authorityYear="1452" box="[1238,1397,1399,1420]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB59C441FAA1B793" box="[1238,1397,1399,1420]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, we confirmed their identity (
|
||
<tableCitation id="EC4F60B0FFB7FFC3FBFBC4A3FB1AB7B5" box="[1140,1230,1429,1451]" captionStart="Table 2" captionStartId="14.[163,227,196,217]" captionTargetPageId="14" captionText="Table 2. Size ranges of the cnidae of Scytophorus striatus; M, mean; SD, standard deviation; S, proportion of specimens in which each cnidae was found; N, total number of capsules measured; F, frequency; +++, very common; ++, common; +, fairly common; -, rare." httpUri="http://table.plazi.org/id/F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" tableUuid="F5B20583FFB7FFC3FF2CC1F2FE5EB30B">Table 2</tableCitation>
|
||
), including those of the mesenterial filaments not provided by him (i.e. basitrichs,
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FC7EC4E5FC2BB7F7" box="[1009,1023,1491,1512]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">p</emphasis>
|
||
-mastigophores A). One of the most consistent differences between
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB4EC4C7FAB8B418" authorityName="ZMH C" authorityYear="1452" box="[1217,1388,1521,1543]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB4EC4C7FAB8B418" box="[1217,1388,1521,1543]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
and
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FCB4C726FC63B43A" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[827,951,1552,1573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FCB4C726FC63B43A" box="[827,951,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is fertility:
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FBC2C726FB20B43A" authorityName="ZMH C" authorityYear="1452" box="[1101,1268,1552,1573]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FBC2C726FB20B43A" box="[1101,1268,1552,1573]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is gonochoric, whereas
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FC20C719FBE0B45B" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[943,1076,1583,1604]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FC20C719FBE0B45B" box="[943,1076,1583,1604]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is hermaphrodite. Although hermaphrodite and gonochoric specimens may coexist in a population, hermaphrodites tend to be rare (e.g.
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB7FFC3FCB4C7BCFC35B480" author="Jennison BL" box="[827,993,1674,1696]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" pagination="1708 - 1719" refId="ref16573" refString="Jennison BL 1981. Reproduction in three species of sea anemones from Key West, Florida. Canadian Journal of Zoology 59: 1708 - 1719." type="journal article" year="1981">Jennison, 1981</bibRefCitation>
|
||
;
|
||
<bibRefCitation id="C55C28FAFFB7FFC3FC64C7BDFB4FB480" author="Van Praet M" box="[1003,1179,1674,1696]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" pagination="163 - 172" refId="ref18819" refString="Van Praet M. 1990. Gametogenesis and the reproductive cycle in the deep-sea anemone Paracalliactis stephensoni (Cnidaria: Actiniaria). Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 70: 163 - 172." type="journal article" year="1990">Van Praët, 1990</bibRefCitation>
|
||
; Rodríguez
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FA91C7BDFA80B480" box="[1310,1364,1674,1696]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">et al.</emphasis>
|
||
, 2013). The fact that all
|
||
<specimenCount id="B7CB9E82FFB7FFC3FC78C79FFB4EB4A0" box="[1015,1178,1705,1727]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" type="generic">five specimens</specimenCount>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB33C79FFAFBB4A0" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[1212,1327,1705,1727]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB33C79FFAFBB4A0" box="[1212,1327,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
examined in this study were hermaphrodite leads us to believe that it is a specific character of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB20C7D1FAF3B4E3" authorityName="Hertwig" authorityYear="1882" box="[1199,1319,1767,1788]" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="striatus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB20C7D1FAF3B4E3" box="[1199,1319,1767,1788]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. striatus</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
. Likewise, we confirmed that the
|
||
<typeStatus id="7E76EBA9FFB7FFC3FBB4C633FB4FB504" box="[1083,1179,1797,1819]" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
|
||
of
|
||
<taxonomicName id="66CD2E88FFB7FFC3FB31C633FC45B526" authority="(ZMH C 1452)" baseAuthorityName="ZMH C" baseAuthorityYear="1452" class="Anthozoa" family="Halcampoididae" genus="Scytophorus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Actiniaria" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406" phylum="Cnidaria" rank="species" species="antarcticus">
|
||
<emphasis id="93B98919FFB7FFC3FB31C633FA8DB504" box="[1214,1369,1797,1819]" italics="true" pageId="14" pageNumber="1406">S. antarcticus</emphasis>
|
||
(ZMH C1452)
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
is female, corroborating the reproductive differences between the two species.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |