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<document id="1EDD03AFA801DC3E2F66C32367BFAEF8" ID-DOI="10.11646/zootaxa.3957.5.7" ID-GBIF-Dataset="84fa4be8-92b2-4f16-ba71-1c99dc7d892c" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-Zenodo-Dep="237338" ID-ZooBank="439FD859-085F-4790-B9AA-D12944B6BEA4" IM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="felipe" IM.metadata_approvedBy="felipe" IM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="felipe" checkinTime="1461066766104" checkinUser="plazi" docAuthor="Anker, Arthur" docDate="2015" docId="290FEA54DE26FFE3FF4CFA954167FE49" docLanguage="en" docName="zt03957p595.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3957 (5)" docStyle="DocumentStyle:647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D.9:Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleId="647186512141C8FC8976D5BCC54AEB7D" docStyleName="Zootaxa.2013-.journal_article" docStyleVersion="9" docTitle="Parabetaeus acanthus Anker, 2015, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="8" lastPageNumber="594" masterDocId="D536922CDE27FFEAFFDBFE0D4276FF86" masterDocTitle="Description of a new distinctive species of Parabetaeus Coutière, 1897 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Indo-West Pacific" masterLastPageNumber="595" masterPageNumber="585" pageNumber="586" updateTime="1698583468149" updateUser="plazi">
<mods:mods id="F593ED6D2867E3D88304BA64401A4898" xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
<mods:titleInfo id="7105BBD1F62C8AED11072DD65F881000">
<mods:title id="CB4D0FD57753BFA49B6F25A0E93E3F97">Description of a new distinctive species of Parabetaeus Coutière, 1897 (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae) from the Indo-West Pacific</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:name id="C622A788EFFCBDEC4F4381AF5A7513DE" type="personal">
<mods:role id="EDFE59BADAA7306B3E4B545C6341D413">
<mods:roleTerm id="6DED940591BB716447245DC00BB9C0C4">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="1F599356BCAC459923CDFFE9057AAF60">Anker, Arthur</mods:namePart>
</mods:name>
<mods:typeOfResource id="C482B15A089DF7478DEE0A8532F32A22">text</mods:typeOfResource>
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<mods:title id="16E108E9595B2F36273C058E090813D5">Zootaxa</mods:title>
</mods:titleInfo>
<mods:part id="45086660A13212646979EE4ADE4FC1EB">
<mods:date id="B3598209E8C63CAD63BF6D0DE1B7F257">2015</mods:date>
<mods:detail id="95EEF0570B9DA3CEE19ED1F0DAA7E63F" type="volume">
<mods:number id="F85AF9BBDE4088E1136B8EF4ED46D7AF">3957</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="F384A2E05E5081877CC147448666F1B1" type="issue">
<mods:number id="0C5A247FB7D20837609EC9B2999921E2">5</mods:number>
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<mods:start id="523135A7B24A9F6D4604165B61D45A88">585</mods:start>
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<mods:classification id="FAD1F5F2E02AB64A7EB00E498EBDDAE0">journal article</mods:classification>
<mods:identifier id="2E6B906C1B62DBB91E17B121BA65BA68" type="DOI">10.11646/zootaxa.3957.5.7</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="BC7904962533154CFEF6DD6210EDE732" type="GBIF-Dataset">84fa4be8-92b2-4f16-ba71-1c99dc7d892c</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="29ED9F6529EAC17E2E303BA23CAEF504" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="F454A3A66382D7678AF0920091DE9A6C" type="Zenodo-Dep">237338</mods:identifier>
<mods:identifier id="D91BFBB5D1F25CAAF97B3317356B176A" type="ZooBank">439FD859-085F-4790-B9AA-D12944B6BEA4</mods:identifier>
</mods:mods>
<treatment id="290FEA54DE26FFE3FF4CFA954167FE49" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6107564" ID-GBIF-Taxon="119615059" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6107564" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:290FEA54DE26FFE3FF4CFA954167FE49" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/290FEA54DE26FFE3FF4CFA954167FE49" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE26FFEBFF4CFA954364FB53" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF4CFA954071FB35" blockId="1.[151,519,1176,1237]" box="[151,519,1176,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<heading id="FA51EC2EDE26FFEBFF4CFA954071FB35" bold="true" box="[151,519,1176,1203]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" reason="1">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFF4CFA954071FB35" bold="true" box="[151,519,1176,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE26FFEBFF4CFA9543D4FB34" ID-CoL="85WF3" box="[151,418,1176,1202]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFF4CFA9543D4FB34" bold="true" box="[151,418,1176,1202]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE26FFEBFE71FA944071FB35" box="[426,519,1177,1203]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF4CFAB14364FB53" blockId="1.[151,519,1176,1237]" box="[151,274,1212,1237]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
(
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE26FFEBFF44FAB1437FFB53" box="[159,265,1212,1237]" captionStart-0="FIGURE 1" captionStart-1="FIGURE 2" captionStart-2="FIGURE 3" captionStart-3="FIGURE 4" captionStart-4="FIGURE 5" captionStart-5="FIGURE 6" captionStartId-0="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionStartId-1="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionStartId-2="4.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionStartId-3="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionStartId-4="7.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionStartId-5="8.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox-0="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetBox-1="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetBox-2="[162,1430,525,1382]" captionTargetBox-3="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetBox-4="[159,1422,193,1930]" captionTargetBox-5="[150,1435,180,1682]" captionTargetId-0="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetId-1="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetId-2="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1387]" captionTargetId-3="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetId-4="figure@7.[159,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetId-5="figure@8.[150,1436,180,1683]" captionTargetPageId-0="2" captionTargetPageId-1="3" captionTargetPageId-2="4" captionTargetPageId-3="5" captionTargetPageId-4="7" captionTargetPageId-5="8" captionText-0="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." captionText-1="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." captionText-2="FIGURE 3. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." captionText-3="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." captionText-4="FIGURE 5. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." captionText-5="FIGURE 6. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri-0="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" httpUri-1="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" httpUri-2="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" httpUri-3="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" httpUri-4="https://zenodo.org/record/237344/files/figure.png" httpUri-5="https://zenodo.org/record/237345/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1–6</figureCitation>
)
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE26FFEBFF4CFB094352F99E" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF4CFB0940D0FA2B" blockId="1.[151,1437,1284,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFF4CFB094348FA9B" bold="true" box="[151,318,1284,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE26FFEBFF4CFB0942A4FA9B" box="[151,210,1284,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Type</typeStatus>
material
</emphasis>
.
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE26FFEBFE96FB0943CCFA9B" box="[333,442,1284,1309]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
: male (cl
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFDF3FB0940F4FA9A" box="[552,642,1284,1308]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.4" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="3.4">3.4 mm</quantity>
),
<collectionCode id="C7B7C387DE26FFEBFD4DFB08408EFA9A" box="[662,760,1285,1308]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">FLMNH</collectionCode>
UF 36028,
<collectingCountry id="D9B11BD2DE26FFEBFC5BFB094660FA9B" box="[896,1046,1284,1309]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, Red Sea coast, off Thuwal, Shark Reef, sheltered side of offshore reef,
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFDE5FB2A40CEFAC6" box="[574,696,1319,1344]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="5" value="22.4268">22.4268°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFD1AFB2A414AFAC6" box="[705,828,1319,1344]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="5" value="38.9963">38.9963°E</geoCoordinate>
, under coral rubble, depth:
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFBACFB2A46B9FAB9" box="[1143,1231,1319,1344]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 m</quantity>
, coll. A. Anker
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFA53FB2442C2FAE2" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">et al.</emphasis>
,
<date id="D5187D82DE26FFEBFF1AFB41434CFAE3" box="[193,314,1356,1381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" value="2013-03-18">18.iii.2013</date>
[fcn BDJRS-2940];
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE26FFEBFDFAFB4040F0FAE3" box="[545,646,1357,1381]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
: female (cl 3.0 mm),
<collectionCode id="C7B7C387DE26FFEBFCA8FB4041A3FAE2" box="[883,981,1357,1380]" httpUri="http://grbio.org/cool/24h4-51mc" name="Florida Museum of Natural History" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">FLMNH</collectionCode>
UF 36076,
<collectingCountry id="D9B11BD2DE26FFEBFB82FB414698FAE3" box="[1113,1262,1356,1381]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, Red Sea coast, off Thuwal, El Fahal, exposed side of offshore reef,
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFD06FB7D4120FA0E" box="[733,854,1392,1416]" direction="north" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="5" value="22.2227">22.2227°N</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFC85FB6241AEFA0E" box="[862,984,1391,1416]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="5" value="38.9677">38.9677°E</geoCoordinate>
, under coral rubble, depth:
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFAD2FB624716FA01" box="[1289,1376,1391,1416]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="1.0" metricValueMax="1.5" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="10.0" valueMax="15.0" valueMin="5.0">5–15 m</quantity>
, coll. A. Anker
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFEDDFB984348FA2A" box="[262,318,1428,1452]" italics="true" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">et al.</emphasis>
,
<date id="D5187D82DE26FFEBFE97FB9943B3FA2B" box="[332,453,1428,1453]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" value="2013-03-19">19.iii.2013</date>
[fcn BDJRS-2967].
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF1CFBBA4352F99E" blockId="1.[151,1437,1284,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFF1CFBBA43C3FA56" bold="true" box="[199,437,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Additional material</emphasis>
.
<specimenCount id="B7A090CBDE26FFEBFE1EFBB54065FA56" box="[453,531,1463,1488]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="male">1 male</specimenCount>
(cl
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFD9FFBB540D7FA56" box="[580,673,1464,1488]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
), MNHN-IU-2014-6024,
<collectingCountry id="D9B11BD2DE26FFEBFC1DFBB546D0FA56" box="[966,1190,1463,1488]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
, Madang lagoon, sta. PR174, Kranket Island,
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFE78FBD14079FA73" box="[419,527,1500,1525]" direction="south" orientation="latitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="92" value="-5.1883335">05°11.3'S</geoCoordinate>
<geoCoordinate id="C4923D85DE26FFEBFDCDFBD140E3FA73" box="[534,661,1500,1525]" direction="east" orientation="longitude" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" precision="92" value="145.825">145°49.5'E</geoCoordinate>
, depth:
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFD37FBD14134FA72" box="[748,834,1500,1525]" metricMagnitude="1" metricUnit="m" metricValue="2.05" metricValueMax="3.6" metricValueMin="0.5" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="m" value="20.5" valueMax="36.0" valueMin="5.0">5–36 m</quantity>
, coll. A. Anker and Z. Ďuriš,
<date id="D5187D82DE26FFEBFB56FBD1477AFA73" box="[1165,1292,1500,1525]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" value="2012-12-04">04.xii.2012</date>
[fcn PR174- PZD-540A].
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE26FFECFF1CF829439EFA31" lastPageId="6" lastPageNumber="591" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" type="description">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF1CF82943F2F94A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1284,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE26FFEBFF1CF8294327F9BB" bold="true" box="[199,337,1572,1597]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Description</emphasis>
. Relatively small species (cl 3.0–
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE26FFEBFD16F8294151F9BA" box="[717,807,1572,1596]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="1" pageNumber="586" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
). Carapace with frontal margin slightly convex, without distinct rostrum or rostral projection; orbital teeth well-developed, longer than wide, acute distally; mid-dorsal line with more or less pronounced, anteriorly directed, spine-like, sharp tooth, situated well posterior to base of eyestalks, at about 0.20–0.25 of carapace length; pterygostomial angle rounded, not protruding; cardiac notch deep (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE26FFEBFF44F8B94291F94A" box="[159,231,1716,1741]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A–C, K, 4A).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE26FFEBFF1CF8DA439DF86A" blockId="1.[151,1437,1284,2029]" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">
Pleura of first four abdominal somites rounded posteroventrally; fifth pleuron with acutely projecting posteroventral angle; sixth somite with subacute posterior lobe and well-delimited, triangular, distally pointed, articulated plate (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE26FFEBFE81F91243EFF8BE" box="[346,409,1823,1848]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
D). Telson narrow, widest at anterior margin, distally tapering, about 2.5 as long as anterior width; dorsal surface with two pairs of slender spiniform setae inserted at some distance from lateral margin, at about 0.50 and 0.75 telson length, respectively; posterior margin less than half as long as anterior margin, produced into triangular, distally pointed end piece, latter flanked on each side by one pair of stout spiniform setae, mesial much longer and stouter than lateral, one pair of long plumose setae, and some shorter, less conspicuous dorsolateral setae (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE26FFEBFEB2F9D943DEF86A" box="[361,424,2004,2029]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="1" pageNumber="586">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
E, F).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE25FFE8FF1CFE95405CFF71" blockId="2.[151,1436,151,248]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">
Eyes only partly concealed by orbital hoods, with large anterior portion visible in both dorsal and lateral views; eyestalks juxtaposed medially, with very large, globular, well-pigmented cornea (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE25FFE8FB92FEB146E0FF52" box="[1097,1174,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, B, 4A). Epistomial sclerites with small blunt processes.
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE25FFE8FF4CF8E840EAF813" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" targetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" targetPageId="2">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE25FFE8FF4CF8E840EAF813" blockId="2.[151,1436,1765,1941]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE25FFE8FF4CF8E8437BF97D" bold="true" box="[151,269,1765,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">FIGURE 1</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE25FFE8FEC2F8E8438DF97D" box="[281,507,1765,1787]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE25FFE8FEC2F8E8438DF97D" box="[281,507,1765,1787]" italics="true" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE25FFE8FDDAF8EB4027F97D" box="[513,593,1766,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE25FFE8FDDAF8EB4027F97D" bold="true" box="[513,593,1766,1787]" pageId="2" pageNumber="587">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A–J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale).
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE24FFE9FF1CFE9A47EAFE0E" blockId="3.[151,1436,151,392]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
Antennular peduncles moderately stout; stylocerite slender, with acute tip exceeding distal margin of first article but not reaching mid-length of second article; ventromesial carina with large, anteriorly directed, acute tooth; second article distinctly longer than wide; lateral flagellum biramous; fused portion short, with three joints; accessory ramus long, with four groups of long aesthetascs (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE24FFE9FCEFFF094107FE9A" box="[820,881,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B, G). Antenna with basicerite ending in sharp tooth distoventrally; scaphocerite ovate, somewhat elongate, with broad, anteriorly rounded blade and acute distolateral tooth, latter reaching slightly beyond anterior margin of blade; anterior margin of scaphocerite not exceeding distal margin of antennular peduncles; carpocerite reaching about 0.8 length of scaphocerite (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE24FFE9FACCFF624722FE0E" box="[1303,1364,367,392]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE24FFE9FF4CF97641B3F86A" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" targetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" targetPageId="3">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE24FFE9FF4CF97641B3F86A" blockId="3.[151,1436,1915,2028]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE24FFE9FF4CF976437BF816" bold="true" box="[151,269,1915,1937]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">FIGURE 2</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE24FFE9FEC2F976438DF817" box="[281,507,1915,1937]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE24FFE9FEC2F976438DF817" box="[281,507,1915,1937]" italics="true" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE24FFE9FDDAF9764027F816" box="[513,593,1915,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE24FFE9FDDAF9764027F816" bold="true" box="[513,593,1915,1936]" pageId="3" pageNumber="588">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE23FFEEFF1CFE9A4370FE56" blockId="4.[151,1437,151,464]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">
Mouthparts typical for family. Mandible with broad incisor process distally bearing seven teeth; molar process stout, distally with fields of short setae and some rugosities, palp with two articles (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFBA0FEB146B5FF52" box="[1147,1219,188,213]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
A). Maxillule with bilobed palp, each lobe furnished with seta (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFD5AFED240B3FF7E" box="[641,709,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
B). Maxilla with rather narrow scaphognathite; dorsal endite with deep cleft; endopod entire (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFE3FFF09405BFE9A" box="[484,557,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
C). First maxilliped with moderately developed caridean lobe on exopod; endopod subdivided into one broad proximal article and one slender distal article (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFBE0FF2A4609FEC6" box="[1083,1151,295,320]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
D, E). Second maxilliped without specific features, as illustrated (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFDBBFF4140D3FEE2" box="[608,677,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
F). Third maxilliped slender, pediform; coxa with relatively small, distally subacute lateral plate above mastigobranch; antepenultimate article twisted, slender, penultimate article about 4.5 times as long as wide; ultimate article ending in corneous tip, without spiniform setae; arthrobranch small (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFF44FFBA4295FE56" box="[159,227,439,464]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
G).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE23FFEEFF4CFB8D40F8FA52" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" targetBox="[162,1430,525,1382]" targetPageId="4">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE23FFEEFF4CFB8D40F8FA52" blockId="4.[151,1436,1408,1492]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE23FFEEFF4CFB8D437BFA13" bold="true" box="[151,269,1408,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">FIGURE 3</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE23FFEEFEC2FB8D438DFA10" box="[281,507,1408,1430]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE23FFEEFEC2FB8D438DFA10" box="[281,507,1408,1430]" italics="true" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE23FFEEFDDAFB8C4027FA10" box="[513,593,1409,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE23FFEEFDDAFB8C4027FA10" bold="true" box="[513,593,1409,1430]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE23FFEFFF1CFBF64147FDE6" blockId="4.[151,1437,1531,2024]" lastBlockId="5.[151,1437,151,608]" lastPageId="5" lastPageNumber="590" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">
Chelipeds somewhat variable, either equal in size and symmetrical in shape, slender (male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFADDFBF6471EF992" box="[1286,1384,1531,1556]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and female
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFF37F82D4339F9BE" box="[236,335,1568,1592]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFE87F81243DAF9BE" box="[348,428,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,525,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1387]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFE61F81243BFF9BE" box="[442,457,1567,1592]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237344/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">5</figureCitation>
), or slightly unequal in size and asymmetrical in shape, noticeably more robust (nontype male,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFEC9F84E4328F9DA" box="[274,350,1603,1628]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
B–D, 6); both chelipeds capable of folding but apparently carried extended when not in use (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFABFF84E42D1F906" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237344/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFF6CF86A42B1F906" box="[183,199,1639,1664]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,180,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,180,1683]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237345/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">6</figureCitation>
). Right cheliped of male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFE2DF86A402EF906" box="[502,600,1639,1664]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
elongate, slender; merus about seven times as long as wide, somewhat twisted, depressed ventrally, distally slightly broadening, armed with two strong sharp teeth distally, one distomesial and one distolateral; carpus relatively short, cup-shaped, with rounded distal lobes; chela slender, with fingers about 1.3 times as long as palm, not gaping, distally crossing when closed; palm about three times as long as high, subcylindrical in cross-section, smooth; cutting edge of pollex with 28 small subtriangular-rounded teeth extending almost along entire length, including one more isolated subdistal tooth; cutting edge of dactylus sharply delimited, unarmed except for two subtriangular teeth at about 0.8 of dactylus length and one smaller subdistal tooth; both fingers furnished with some very conspicuous, long, stiff setae (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE23FFEEFC33F96E465AF8FA" box="[1000,1068,1891,1916]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,525,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1387]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" pageId="4" pageNumber="589">Fig. 3</figureCitation>
). Left cheliped of male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFAE1F96E47EAF8FA" box="[1338,1436,1891,1916]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and right cheliped of female
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFE2BF9854026F826" box="[496,592,1928,1952]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
(left cheliped missing) generally very similar to right cheliped of male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE23FFEEFF4CF9A6428BF842" box="[151,253,1963,1988]" pageId="4" pageNumber="589" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
. Right (major) cheliped of non-type male robust; merus about four times as long as wide, slightly twisted, depressed ventrally, noticeably broader distally, armed with two strong sharp teeth distally, one distomesial and one distolateral; carpus short, cup-shaped, with rounded distal lobes; chela moderately stout, with fingers 0.8 times as long as palm, somewhat gaping, distally crossing when closed; palm about twice as long as high, subcylindrical in cross-section, smooth; cutting edge of pollex with nine subtriangular-rounded teeth extending from base to about 0.6 of dactylus length, and one much larger tooth at about 0.8 of dactylus length; cutting edge of dactylus unarmed except for one large subtriangular-rounded tooth at about 0.7 of dactylus length, opposed to broad hiatus between teeth on cutting edge of pollex; both fingers also furnished with some long stiff setae (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE22FFEFFBA1FF4146BDFEE2" box="[1146,1227,332,357]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
B,C). Left (minor) cheliped of non-type male noticeably smaller than right (major) cheliped; merus and carpus similar to those of major cheliped; chela moderately stout, with fingers about 1.2 times as long as palm, not gaping, distally crossing when closed; palm about twice as long as high, subcylindrical in cross-section, smooth; cutting edge of pollex with 25 subtriangular-rounded teeth extending along almost entire length, except for one small gap at 0.8 of pollex length; cutting edge of dactylus sharply delimited, unarmed except for two small subtriangular teeth at about 0.7 of dactylus length opposed to small gap between teeth on cutting edge of pollex, and minute subdistal tooth; both fingers also furnished with some long stiff setae (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE22FFEFFD64FC4A4178FDE6" box="[703,782,583,608]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
D).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE22FFEFFF4CF91346DCF8F7" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" targetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" targetPageId="5">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE22FFEFFF4CF91346DCF8F7" blockId="5.[151,1435,1822,1905]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE22FFEFFF4CF913437AF8B5" bold="true" box="[151,268,1822,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">FIGURE 4</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE22FFEFFEC3F913438CF8B2" box="[280,506,1822,1844]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE22FFEFFEC3F913438CF8B2" box="[280,506,1822,1844]" italics="true" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE22FFEFFDDBF9124026F8B2" box="[512,592,1823,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE22FFEFFDDBF9124026F8B2" bold="true" box="[512,592,1823,1844]" pageId="5" pageNumber="590">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU-2014-6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFE9A4768FD23" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Second pereiopod slender; ischium subequal to merus in length; carpus five-articulated, with first article longer than sum of remaining four articles; ratio of carpal articles (from proximal to distal) approximately equal to: 5.4: 1: 0.9: 1: 1.4; chela much longer than distal carpal article, with fingers longer than palm, simple (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFB35FED24744FF7E" box="[1262,1330,223,248]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
H). Third pereiopod very slender; ischium with two stout spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface; merus about 11 times as long as wide, armed with three stout spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface; carpus much more slender than merus, about 0.8 length of merus, with slender spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus with three slender spiniform setae along ventral margin and one much longer distal spiniform setae adjacent to dactylus; dactylus about 0.4 length of propodus, slender, simple, subconical, gradually curving distally, with some curved setae subdistally (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFEFEFFB84319FE48" box="[293,367,437,462]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Fig.
<date id="D5187D82DE21FFECFE84FFBB4319FE48" box="[351,367,438,462]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">2</date>
</figureCitation>
I). Fourth pereiopod very similar to third pereiopod in general proportions of articles and armature on ischium, merus and propodus (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFD5BFFD440B3FE74" box="[640,709,473,498]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
J). Fifth pereiopod longer and more slender than third and fourth pereiopods; ischium with one spiniform seta on ventrolateral surface; merus almost 13 times as long as wide, armed with two spiniform setae on ventrolateral surface; carpus about 0.8 length of merus, with slender spiniform seta on distoventral margin; propodus very slender, with five or so very small spiniform setae along ventral margin, one much longer spiniform seta adjacent to dactylus, and at least 10 rows of serrulate setae becoming longer distally; dactylus slightly more than 0.3 length of propodus, similar to that of third pereiopod (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFB6CFC81468CFD23" box="[1207,1274,652,677]" captionStart="FIGURE 2" captionStartId="3.[151,250,1915,1937]" captionTargetBox="[214,1372,466,1880]" captionTargetId="figure@3.[206,1388,445,1891]" captionTargetPageId="3" captionText="FIGURE 2. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—mandible, mesial; B—maxillule, lateral; C—maxilla, lateral; D—first maxilliped, lateral; E—same, endopod, mesial; F—second maxilliped, lateral; G—third maxilliped, lateral; H—second pereiopod, lateral; I—third pereiopod, lateral; J—fourth pereiopod, lateral; K—fifth pereiopod, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237341/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 2</figureCitation>
K).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFCA2432EFCB5" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Male second pleopod with appendix masculina not exceeding appendix interna; apex with single long stiff seta (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFF44FCDE4295FD6A" box="[159,227,723,748]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
H, I). Uropod with lateral lobe of protopod bearing sharp tooth; endopod and exopod broadly ovate; diaeresis sinuous, with blunt distolateral tooth adjacent to slender spiniform seta, mesial portion rather poorly defined (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFF21FD16434CFCB5" box="[250,314,795,820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
J).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFD33418EFCD1" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,1016,830,856]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
Gill-exopod formula as described for genus (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFD39FD4D419DFCD1" author="Nomura" box="[738,1003,830,855]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFD6F43A2FBA8" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CFD6F430DFCFD" bold="true" box="[199,379,866,891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Colour pattern</emphasis>
. Carapace semitransparent, mostly colourless except for few chromatophores in anterodorsal area; abdomen semitransparent with six transverse red bands, one across each somite; antennular peduncles with distinctive reddish-white pattern, stylocerites intense red, flagella reddish; antennae mostly whitish, with some scattered chromatophores on carpocerites; chelipeds reddish except for hyaline-whitish fingers; second to fifth pereopods mostly colourless, with some scattered red chromatophores; tail fan reddish due to abundance of reddish chromatophores (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFE80FA1843DCFBA8" box="[347,426,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 5" captionStartId="7.[151,250,1952,1974]" captionTargetBox="[159,1422,193,1930]" captionTargetId="figure@7.[159,1423,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="7" captionText="FIGURE 5. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237344/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 5</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFE6DFA1843B0FBA8" box="[438,454,1045,1070]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,180,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,180,1683]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237345/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">6</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFA34439EFA31" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CFA344343FBD4" bold="true" box="[199,309,1081,1106]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Variation</emphasis>
. As noted in the description, the non-type male has relatively stout, unequal, asymmetrical chelipeds (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFF44FA514292FBF3" box="[159,228,1116,1141]" captionStart="FIGURE 6" captionStartId="8.[151,250,1705,1727]" captionTargetBox="[150,1435,180,1682]" captionTargetId="figure@8.[150,1436,180,1683]" captionTargetPageId="8" captionText="FIGURE 6. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237345/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 6</figureCitation>
), with a robust major chela armed with 10 large teeth (most distal strongest and separated by broad hiatus) on the cutting edge of the pollex and one large tooth on the cutting edge of the dactylus, and with the fingers distinctly shorter than the palm (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFDDFFAA94022FB3B" box="[516,596,1188,1213]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 4</figureCitation>
B, C). In contrast, in the minor chela of the non-type male as well as in the chelae of the male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFEABFACA43A4FB66" box="[368,466,1223,1248]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and female
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFDBAFAC440B2FB67" box="[609,708,1225,1249]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, the cutting edge of the pollex is armed with numerous (25–28) smaller teeth, whilst the fingers are noticeably longer than the palm (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFC79FAE64187FA82" box="[930,1009,1259,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,525,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1387]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
,
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFC24FAE14679FA82" box="[1023,1039,1260,1284]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">4</figureCitation>
D). Thus, the minor cheliped of the non-type male is similar in the general shape and dentition of the fingers to the chelipeds of the male
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFAC0FB02470BFAAE" box="[1307,1405,1295,1320]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
or female
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFF37FB394339FACA" box="[236,335,1332,1356]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
, differing basically by the proportions of the merus, carpus and palm (compare
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFB3AFB3E4759FACD" box="[1249,1327,1331,1356]" captionStart="FIGURE 3" captionStartId="4.[151,250,1408,1430]" captionTargetBox="[162,1430,525,1382]" captionTargetId="figure@4.[151,1436,517,1387]" captionTargetPageId="4" captionText="FIGURE 3. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028); A—right cheliped, lateral; B—same, chela with fingers closed, lateral; C—same, distal merus, propodus and chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237342/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 3</figureCitation>
and
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFAB2FB3E470FFACD" box="[1385,1401,1331,1355]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">4</figureCitation>
D). The development of the tooth on the mid-dorsal line of the carapace is also variable, with the female
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFAE7FB5547EAFAF6" box="[1340,1436,1368,1392]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="paratype">paratype</typeStatus>
having a much smaller tooth (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFE34FB774059FA15" box="[495,559,1402,1427]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
K) compared to a very prominent tooth present in both the
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFB06FB774749FA15" box="[1245,1343,1402,1427]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="holotype">holotype</typeStatus>
and the non-type male (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFE9CFB9343E7FA31" box="[327,401,1438,1463]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
B, 4A).
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE21FFECFF1CFBCF4365F9A4" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CFBCF4365F9A4" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CFBCF4330FA5D" bold="true" box="[199,326,1474,1499]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Etymology</emphasis>
. The new species name (new Latin derived from the ancient Greek word
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFBADFBCF46ADFA5C" box="[1142,1243,1474,1498]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">akanthos</emphasis>
= thorn or spine) refers to the presence of a conspicuous spine-like tooth on the mid-dorsal line of the carapace; used as a noun in apposition.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE21FFECFF1CF8204115F9C0" box="[199,867,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="materials_examined">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CF8204115F9C0" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" box="[199,867,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CF820432BF9C0" bold="true" box="[199,349,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<typeStatus id="7E1DE5E0DE21FFECFF1CF8204374F9C0" box="[199,258,1581,1606]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Type</typeStatus>
locality
</emphasis>
. Thuwal, Saudi Arabian coast of the Red Sea.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE21FFECFF1CF85C4396F90B" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CF85C4396F90B" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CF85C432FF9EC" bold="true" box="[199,345,1617,1642]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Distribution</emphasis>
. Indo-West Pacific: presently known only from two distant localities: Thuwal,
<collectingCountry id="D9B11BD2DE21FFECFB09F85C471EF9EC" box="[1234,1384,1617,1642]" name="Saudi Arabia" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Saudi Arabia</collectingCountry>
, and Madang,
<collectingCountry id="D9B11BD2DE21FFECFEDAF87843ABF90B" box="[257,477,1652,1677]" name="Papua New Guinea" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Papua New Guinea</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E9BC08C9DE21FFE3FF1CF8954167FE49" lastPageId="9" lastPageNumber="594" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" type="discussion">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE21FFECFF1CF895416EF874" blockId="6.[151,1437,151,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF1CF8954342F937" bold="true" box="[199,308,1688,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Remarks</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFE99F895404DF936" box="[322,571,1688,1712]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFE99F895404DF936" box="[322,571,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE21FFECFD99F89540EAF937" box="[578,668,1688,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFD99F89540EAF937" bold="true" box="[578,668,1688,1713]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
can be easily separated from the other three species of
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFADCF89547E2F936" box="[1287,1428,1688,1712]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFADCF89547E2F936" box="[1287,1428,1688,1712]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Parabetaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, viz.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFF13F8B0433EF952" box="[200,328,1724,1748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culliereti">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFF13F8B0433EF952" box="[200,328,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. culliereti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFE8DF8B043BBF952" box="[342,461,1725,1748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euryone">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFE8DF8B043BBF952" box="[342,461,1725,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. euryone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFDDFF8B040D9F952" box="[516,687,1724,1748]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummelincki">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFDDFF8B040D9F952" box="[516,687,1724,1748]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. hummelincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, by the presence of a sharp spine-like tooth on the mid-dorsal line of the carapace, posterior to the base of the eyes (absent in the other species), the distinctively shorter stylocerite, its tip not reaching the mid-length of the first article of the antennular peduncle (vs. overreaching the mid-length of this article in the other species), and the dorsally partly exposed eyes (vs. completely concealed by the carapace in the other species) (cf.
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE21FFECFE49F94643ADF8E5" box="[402,475,1867,1892]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">Figs. 1</figureCitation>
A, B and
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFD96F941409CF8E5" author="De" box="[589,746,1867,1891]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="De Man, J. G. (1911) The Decapoda of the Siboga-Expedition, II: Family Alpheidae. Siboga-Expeditie, 39 a 1 (2), 133 - 465." type="journal article" year="1911">De Man 1911</bibRefCitation>
,
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFD2DF9464147F8E2" author="Man" box="[758,817,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="De Man, J. G. (1915) Supplement-Explanations of plates of Alpheidae. E. J. Brill, Leiden, pls. 1 - 23." type="book chapter" year="1915">1915</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFCE5F94641AEF8E2" author="Schmitt" box="[830,984,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="Schmitt, W. L. (1936) Zoologische Ergebnisse einer Reise nach Bonaire, Curacao und Aruba im Jahre 1930. No. 16. Macruran and anomuran Crustacea from Bonaire, Curacao und Aruba. Zoologische Jahrbucher, 67, 363 - 378, pls. 11 - 13." type="journal article" year="1936">Schmitt 1936</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFC3EF941460EF8E2" author="Banner" box="[997,1144,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="Banner, A. H. (1953) The Crangonidae, or snapping shrimp, of Hawaii. Pacific Science, 7, 3 - 147." type="journal article" year="1953">Banner 1953</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFB5EF94147E6F8E5" author="Nomura" box="[1157,1424,1867,1892]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
). The new species may also be distinctly smaller than
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFCCFF97D41EFF801" box="[788,921,1903,1927]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culliereti">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFCCFF97D41EFF801" box="[788,921,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. culliereti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
,
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFC77F97D4652F801" box="[940,1060,1904,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. e u r y o ne</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFBB2F97D476FF801" box="[1129,1305,1903,1927]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummelincki">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFBB2F97D476FF801" box="[1129,1305,1903,1927]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. hummelincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
. The three available specimens of
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFE73F99E405AF82D" box="[424,556,1939,1963]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFE73F99E405AF82D" box="[424,556,1939,1963]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE21FFECFDEDF99E40E7F82C" box="[566,657,1939,1962]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
are ranging between cl 3.0 and cl
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE21FFECFBF5F99E46FDF82C" box="[1070,1163,1939,1963]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="3.9" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="3.9">3.9 mm</quantity>
. In contrast, the largest individuals of
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFEE3F9BA404DF848" box="[312,571,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFEE3F9BA43CDF848" box="[312,443,1974,1998]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culliereti">P. culliereti</taxonomicName>
,
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFE1DF9BA404DF848" box="[454,571,1975,1998]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euryone">P. euryone</taxonomicName>
</emphasis>
and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE21FFECFDAAF9BA416AF848" box="[625,796,1974,1998]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummelincki">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE21FFECFDAAF9BA416AF848" box="[625,796,1974,1998]" italics="true" pageId="6" pageNumber="591">P. hummelincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
, for instance, may reach cl
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE21FFECFB8AF9BA46DEF848" box="[1105,1192,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.4" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="7.4">7.4 mm</quantity>
,
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE21FFECFB6FF9BA477CF848" box="[1204,1290,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="7.3" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="7.3">7.3 mm</quantity>
and
<quantity id="665EF6A7DE21FFECFA9BF9BA47E1F848" box="[1344,1431,1975,1999]" metricMagnitude="-3" metricUnit="m" metricValue="8.2" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" unit="mm" value="8.2">8.2 mm</quantity>
, respectively (see Comparative material and
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE21FFECFD58F9D7417AF874" author="Anker" box="[643,780,2010,2035]" pageId="6" pageNumber="591" refString="Anker, A. (2011) First records of the alpheid shrimp genus Parabetaeus Coutiere, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the eastern Atlantic and western Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e 95), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="2011">Anker 2011</bibRefCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE20FFEDFF4CF9AD41E9F853" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237344/files/figure.png" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" targetBox="[159,1422,193,1930]" targetPageId="7">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE20FFEDFF4CF9AD41E9F853" blockId="7.[151,1436,1952,2005]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE20FFEDFF4CF9AD437BF830" bold="true" box="[151,269,1952,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">FIGURE 5</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE20FFEDFEC2F9AD438DF830" box="[281,507,1952,1974]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE20FFEDFEC2F9AD438DF830" box="[281,507,1952,1974]" italics="true" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE20FFEDFDDAF9AC4027F830" box="[513,593,1953,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE20FFEDFDDAF9AC4027F830" bold="true" box="[513,593,1953,1974]" pageId="7" pageNumber="592">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<caption id="F5D90BCADE2FFFE2FF4CF8A44187F95B" httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237345/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" targetBox="[150,1435,180,1682]" targetPageId="8">
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE2FFFE2FF4CF8A44187F95B" blockId="8.[151,1435,1705,1757]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FF4CF8A4437AF938" bold="true" box="[151,268,1705,1727]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">FIGURE 6</emphasis>
.
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FEC3F8A4438CF939" box="[280,506,1705,1727]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FEC3F8A4438CF939" box="[280,506,1705,1727]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">Parabetaeus acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE2FFFE2FDDBF8A44026F938" box="[512,592,1705,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FDDBF8A44026F938" bold="true" box="[512,592,1705,1726]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU-2014-6024), in life; A—dorsal view; B—lateral view. Photographs by the author.
</paragraph>
</caption>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE2FFFE2FF1CF90943ACF872" blockId="8.[151,1436,1795,2036]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">
In the shape of the frontal margin of the carapace,
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FCD6F90941F9F89A" box="[781,911,1796,1820]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FCD6F90941F9F89A" box="[781,911,1796,1820]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE2FFFE2FC43F90E4185F89A" box="[920,1011,1795,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FC43F90E4185F89A" bold="true" box="[920,1011,1795,1820]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
(
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE2FFFE2FBDFF90E4633F89A" box="[1028,1093,1795,1820]" captionStart="FIGURE 1" captionStartId="2.[151,250,1765,1787]" captionTargetBox="[176,1415,319,1718]" captionTargetId="figure@2.[151,1436,303,1741]" captionTargetPageId="2" captionText="FIGURE 1. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., holotype, male (cl 3.4 mm) from Shark Reef, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36028) [A – J]; paratype, female (cl 3.0 mm) from El Fahal, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia (FLMNH UF 36076) [K]; A—frontal region, dorsal; B—same, lateral; C—carapace, lateral; D—posterior abdominal somites, lateral; E—telson, dorsal; F—same, posterior margin, dorsal; G—tooth on ventromesial carina of first article of antennular peduncle, lateral; H—second pleopod, lateral; Isame, tip of appendix masculina; J—uropod, dorsal; K—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral. Scale bars as indicated except for G and I (drawn without scale)." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237340/files/figure.png" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">Fig. 1</figureCitation>
A, B) is most similar to some specimens of
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FEEAF92443C1F8C6" box="[305,439,1832,1856]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FEEAF92443C5F8C6" box="[305,435,1832,1856]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culliereti">P. culliereti</taxonomicName>
,
</emphasis>
especially those with the sharp orbital teeth and without a rostrum (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2FFFE2FB0DF92542A5F8E2" author="Nomura" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
: figs. 1B, 3A, B). In contrast,
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FDEFF94140DDF8E5" box="[564,683,1868,1891]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euryone">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FDEFF94140DDF8E5" box="[564,683,1868,1891]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. euryone</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FD3DF94141E5F8E2" box="[742,915,1868,1892]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="hummelincki">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FD3DF94141E5F8E2" box="[742,915,1868,1892]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. hummelincki</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
are characterised by the presence of blunt or angular orbital teeth and a triangular rostrum (cf.
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2FFFE2FD65F97D41B3F80E" author="Nomura" box="[702,965,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3F; Anker 2007: fig. 7a;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2FFFE2FACAF96247EEF80E" author="Anker" box="[1297,1432,1903,1928]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" refString="Anker, A. (2011) First records of the alpheid shrimp genus Parabetaeus Coutiere, 1897 (Crustacea, Decapoda) in the eastern Atlantic and western Caribbean Sea. Marine Biodiversity Records, 4 (e 95), 1 - 4." type="journal article" year="2011">Anker 2011</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 3B). The spination on the third to fifth pereopod, although consistent in the three specimens of
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FB29F9994705F82A" box="[1266,1395,1940,1964]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FB29F9994705F82A" box="[1266,1395,1940,1964]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE2FFFE2FAA1F99E42BEF856" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FAA1F99E42BEF856" bold="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, is known to be variable in
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FDD3F9B440FFF856" box="[520,649,1976,2000]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="culliereti">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FDD3F9B440FFF856" box="[520,649,1976,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. culliereti</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2FFFE2FD19F9B4462AF856" authority="Nomura &amp; Anker 2001" authorityName="Nomura &amp; Anker" authorityYear="2001" box="[706,1116,1975,2000]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="euryone">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2FFFE2FD19F9B4414FF856" box="[706,825,1977,2000]" italics="true" pageId="8" pageNumber="593">P. euryone</emphasis>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2FFFE2FC93F9B54622F856" author="Nomura" box="[840,1108,1975,2000]" pageId="8" pageNumber="593" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
and therefore can hardly be used as taxonomic character.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="A1195B42DE2EFFE3FF1CFE9A4167FE49" blockId="9.[151,1436,151,464]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">
The shape (proportions), size, degree of asymmetry and armature of the chelipeds appear to be variable in
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2EFFE3FA5CFE94428AFF52" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="acanthus" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FA5CFE94428AFF52" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">P. acanthus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="88E13A2BDE2EFFE3FEDFFEB14329FF53" box="[260,351,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" rank="species">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FEDFFEB14329FF53" bold="true" box="[260,351,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">sp. nov.</emphasis>
</taxonomicNameLabel>
, as they are in the other species of the genus (
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FCABFEB14608FF52" author="Nomura" box="[880,1150,188,213]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
; Anker 2007, 2011). The robust major chela, with more or less gaping fingers and armature of the cutting edges consisting of a few large teeth, seems to be present only in some adult males (
<figureCitation id="399D47C7DE2EFFE3FD28FF09414EFE9A" box="[755,824,260,285]" captionStart="FIGURE 4" captionStartId="5.[151,250,1822,1844]" captionTargetBox="[164,1424,679,1772]" captionTargetId="figure@5.[151,1436,661,1784]" captionTargetPageId="5" captionText="FIGURE 4. Parabetaeus acanthus sp. nov., non-type specimen, male (cl 3.9 mm) from Madang, Papua New Guinea (MNHN- IU- 2014 - 6024); A—anterior portion of carapace and eyestalks, lateral; B—major (right) cheliped, lateral; C—same, chela with fingers open, lateral; D—minor (left) cheliped, chela with fingers open, lateral. Scale bars as indicated." httpUri="https://zenodo.org/record/237343/files/figure.png" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Fig. 4</figureCitation>
B, C; see also
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FC05FF084605FE9B" author="Banner" box="[990,1139,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Banner, A. H. (1953) The Crangonidae, or snapping shrimp, of Hawaii. Pacific Science, 7, 3 - 147." type="journal article" year="1953">Banner 1953</bibRefCitation>
: fig.
<date id="D5187D82DE2EFFE3FB75FF0946B0FE9B" box="[1198,1222,260,285]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">6i</date>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FB0FFF0842A5FEC6" author="Nomura" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Nomura, K. &amp; Anker, A. (2001) Redescription of Parabetaeus culliereti Coutiere and status of the genus Neoalpheopsis Banner (Decapoda: Caridea: Alpheidae). Crustacean Research, 30, 43 - 54." type="journal article" year="2001">Nomura &amp; Anker 2001</bibRefCitation>
: fig. 2H). A more or less pronounced polymorphism of the chelipeds is also known in several other alpheid genera, especially in
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2EFFE3FE5EFF414002FEE2" authority="Leach, 1814" authorityName="Leach" authorityYear="1814" box="[389,628,332,357]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Athanas" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FE5EFF414397FEE2" box="[389,481,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Athanas</emphasis>
Leach, 1814
</taxonomicName>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FD58FF41416DFEE2" author="Anker" box="[643,795,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Anker, A. (2003 a) Alpheid shrimps from the mangroves and mudflats of Singapore. Part I. Genera Salmoneus, Athanas and Potamalpheops, with the description of two new species (Crustacea: Decapoda: Caridea). The Raffles Bulletin of Zoology, 51, 283 - 314." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="a">Anker 2003a</bibRefCitation>
;
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FCFDFF41467FFEE2" author="Anker" box="[806,1033,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Jeng, M. S. (2007) Establishment of a new genus for Arete borradailei Coutiere, 1903 and Athanas verrucosus Banner and Banner, 1960, with redefinition of Arete Stimpson, 1860 and Athanas Leach, 1814 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae). Zoological Studies, 46, 454 - 472." type="journal article" year="2007">Anker &amp; Jeng 2007</bibRefCitation>
),
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2EFFE3FBC6FF41429FFE0E" authority="Holthuis, 1955" authorityName="Holthuis" authorityYear="1955" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Salmoneus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FBC6FF4146E0FEE2" box="[1053,1174,332,356]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Salmoneus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FB45FF414733FEE3" author="Holthuis" box="[1182,1349,332,357]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Holthuis, L. B. (1955) The recent genera of the caridean and stenopodidean shrimps (Class Crustacea, order Decapoda, supersection Natantia) with keys for their determination. Zoologische Verhandelingen, 26, 1 - 157." type="journal article" year="1955">Holthuis, 1955</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FA8FFF414297FE0E" author="Anker" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Anker, A. (2003 b) New records of Salmoneus Holthuis, 1955 (Crustacea: Decapoda: Alpheidae) from northern Australia, with description of one new species and remarks on S. serratidigitus (Coutire, 1896). The Beagle, 19, 101 - 109." type="journal article" year="2003" yearSuffix="b">Anker 2003b</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
, and
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2EFFE3FEF7FF7C4159FE0E" authority="Dana, 1852 (Anker &amp; Baeza 2012)" authorityName="Dana, 1852 (Anker &amp; Baeza" authorityYear="2012" box="[300,815,367,392]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Betaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FEF7FF7C43F3FE0E" box="[300,389,369,392]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Betaeus</emphasis>
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FE54FF7D4063FE0E" author="Dana" box="[399,533,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Dana, J. D. (1852) Conspectus Crustaceorum &amp; c. Conspectus of the Crustacea of the Exploring Expedition under Capt. C. Wilkes, U. S. N. Macroura. Proceedings of the Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia, 1852, 10 - 29." type="proceedings paper" year="1852">Dana, 1852</bibRefCitation>
(
<bibRefCitation id="C53726B3DE2EFFE3FDFCFF624151FE0E" author="Anker" box="[551,807,367,392]" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" refString="Anker, A. &amp; Baeza, J. A. (2012) Molecular and morphological phylogeny of hooded shrimps, genera Betaeus and Betaeopsis (Decapoda, Alpheidae): testing the center of origin biogeographic model and evolution of life history traits. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 64, 401 - 415. http: // dx. doi. org / 10.1016 / j. ympev. 2012.04.015" type="journal article" year="2012">Anker &amp; Baeza 2012</bibRefCitation>
)
</taxonomicName>
. More studies of the reproductive biology and social behaviour of
<taxonomicName id="66A620C1DE2EFFE3FEF0FF9943CEFE2A" box="[299,440,404,428]" class="Malacostraca" family="Alpheidae" genus="Parabetaeus" kingdom="Animalia" order="Decapoda" pageId="9" pageNumber="594" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
<emphasis id="93D28750DE2EFFE3FEF0FF9943CEFE2A" box="[299,440,404,428]" italics="true" pageId="9" pageNumber="594">Parabetaeus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and other alpheid shrimps are needed to determine whether their cheliped polymorphism is somehow linked to their life style and social structure.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>
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