157 lines
15 KiB
XML
157 lines
15 KiB
XML
<document ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951" ID-GBIF-Dataset="c5043ce0-d119-4259-9ffc-8a00ed82d649" ID-PMC="PMC4602291" ID-Pensoft-Pub="1313-2970-524-65" ID-PubMed="26478706" ID-ZBK="B34E97F130E341BDA03273BDDF60020A" ModsDocAuthor="" ModsDocDate="2015" ModsDocID="1313-2970-524-65" ModsDocOrigin="ZooKeys 524" ModsDocTitle="Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera" checkinTime="1451243945843" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="McKamey, Stuart H., Wallner, Adam M. & Porter, Mitchell J." docDate="2015" docId="23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D" docLanguage="en" docName="ZooKeys 524: 65-87" docOrigin="ZooKeys 524" docSource="http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951" docTitle="Amastris Stal" docType="treatment" docVersion="3" lastPageNumber="71" masterDocId="FFC1343DFFC6135EFFEAA50BFFB2BB78" masterDocTitle="Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera" masterLastPageNumber="87" masterPageNumber="65" pageNumber="71" updateTime="1668160812178" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
|
|
<mods:mods xmlns:mods="http://www.loc.gov/mods/v3">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>Immatures of the New World treehopper tribe Amastrini (Hemiptera, Membracidae, Smiliinae) with a key to genera</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>McKamey, Stuart H.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Wallner, Adam M.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:name type="personal">
|
|
<mods:role>
|
|
<mods:roleTerm>Author</mods:roleTerm>
|
|
</mods:role>
|
|
<mods:namePart>Porter, Mitchell J.</mods:namePart>
|
|
</mods:name>
|
|
<mods:typeOfResource>text</mods:typeOfResource>
|
|
<mods:relatedItem type="host">
|
|
<mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:title>ZooKeys</mods:title>
|
|
</mods:titleInfo>
|
|
<mods:part>
|
|
<mods:date>2015</mods:date>
|
|
<mods:detail type="volume">
|
|
<mods:number>524</mods:number>
|
|
</mods:detail>
|
|
<mods:extent unit="page">
|
|
<mods:start>65</mods:start>
|
|
<mods:end>87</mods:end>
|
|
</mods:extent>
|
|
</mods:part>
|
|
</mods:relatedItem>
|
|
<mods:location>
|
|
<mods:url>http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951</mods:url>
|
|
</mods:location>
|
|
<mods:classification>journal article</mods:classification>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/zookeys.524.5951</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="Pensoft-Pub">1313-2970-524-65</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZBK">B34E97F130E341BDA03273BDDF60020A</mods:identifier>
|
|
<mods:identifier type="ZooBank">B34E97F130E341BDA03273BDDF60020A</mods:identifier>
|
|
</mods:mods>
|
|
<treatment ID-GBIF-Taxon="152062568" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/23FFC9040E9F4FF773B302F7644B1A6D" lastPageNumber="71" pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="multiple">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Taxon classification Animalia Hemiptera Membracidae</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="nomenclature">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName authority="Stal" class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
|
|
Amastris
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
|
</taxonomicName>
|
|
Figs 12-20, 42-49, 65
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="diagnosis">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Diagnosis.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Usually with the following characters: head and thorax without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum; terga III-VIII with paired, short, chalazal scoli of subequal size; body including wing pad densely covered with chalazae bearing short setae.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="nymphal description">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Nymphal description.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Overall body. Chalazal setae short; dorsal contour of abdomen in lateral view curvilinear or linear; scoli parallel (except tightly appressed in
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 5). Head. Scoli absent; chalazal setae simple, needlelike. Prothorax. Pre- and postmetopidum without scoli; posterior extension of pronotum not surpassing anterior margin of metanotum. Mesothorax. With paired enlarged chalazae dorsally; scoli absent; forewing pad costal margin straight or sinuate, with enlarged chalazae only along base; forewing pad chalazae sparse, chalazal setae short; lateral rows of abdomen not extending onto meso- and metathorax. Metathorax. Dorsally with paired scoli; scolar chalazae bearing tuberculate chalazae; scolar directed dorsally or posteriorly; dorsal scoli relative size to themselves scoli 2-4 5 basal width. Legs. Chalazae of tibia on lateral margins and many on dorsal surface. Abdomen. Terga III-VIII ventrolateral margins with single enlarged chalaza; terga III-VIII dorsal scoli all subequal in size, tallest about 2-4 5 basal width, apices acute; tergum IV dorsal scoli basally directed dorsoposteriorly, distally directed posteriorly; terga III-VIII with 2 lateral rows of enlarged chalazae. Segment IX. Dorsal length subequal to combined length of segments IV-VIII; apex without dorsal enlarged chalazae or scoli; ventral extension subequal to dorsal extension.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="materials_examined">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Material examined.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris elevata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevata">Amastris elevata</taxonomicName>
|
|
, 1 nymph, 1 ant, GUYANA: Demerera Co., nr Lukabuna Crk, Georgetown-Linden Hwy, ca km55, 13 July 1987, elev. ca 50m. S.H. McKamey lot #87-14c (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris obtegens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtegens">Amastris obtegens</taxonomicName>
|
|
(Fabricius), 1 adult, 1 nymph, Mazaruni-Potaro, ca 13 rd km S Bartica, ca 100m, 17 August 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-0817-g (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 1, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Mazaruni-Potaro, Bartica, 94m. 8 August 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-140a (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris exigua" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">Amastris exigua</taxonomicName>
|
|
Broomfield, 1 adult, 1 nymph, ECUADOR: Pastaza-Puyo, 960m, 2 March 1986, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0302-34 (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 2, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Napo. Coca. 9-19 February 1986, 249m. McKamey, Coll. #86-0212-10 (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 3, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Moroni-Santigao. Macas, 9 May 1986, 1070m, S.H. McKamey lot# 86-0509-2 (USNM).
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 4, 1 adult, 1 nymph, GUYANA, Demerara Co., ca 46 rd km S of Linden, ca. 70m, 13-Aug 1987, S.H. McKamey lot#87-160a,b USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 5, 1 adult, 1 nymph, Pichincha, Tinalandia, 16 km E Sto. Domingo de los Colorados. 16-20 April 1986. ca 600m, S.H. McKamey lot#86-0419-2 (USNM);
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 6, 2 adults, 1 nymph, Napo, Limoncocha, 22 August 1988, S.H. McKamey coll#88-42d (USNM).
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="distribution">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Distribution.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Brazil and Peru northward to the United States.</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="biology">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Biology.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
As far as known, all
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
are subsocial, with the female parent sitting atop her uncovered egg mass, which are inserted into stems of the host, and tending her nymphs after hatching (Fig. 65). Nymphal aggregations are almost always ant-attended. Ant specimens pinned under vouchers include
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Collembola" family="Paronellidae" genus="Camponotus" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Camponotus" order="Entomobryomorpha" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Camponotus</taxonomicName>
|
|
,
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Crematogaster" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Crematogaster" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Crematogaster</taxonomicName>
|
|
, and
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Azteca" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Azteca" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Azteca</taxonomicName>
|
|
.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
<subSubSection pageId="6" pageNumber="71" type="discussion">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">Discussion.</paragraph>
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<bibRefCitation author="Broomfield, PS" journalOrPublisher="Bulletin of the British Museum (Natural History) Entomology" pageId="17" pageNumber="82" pagination="349 - 460" title="A revision of the genus AmastrisHomopteraMembracidae." volume="33" year="1976">Broomfield (1976)</bibRefCitation>
|
|
revised this large genus, but many species remain undescribed, including some of the specimens examined here. Nymphs of the genus
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
<normalizedToken originalValue="Stål">Stal</normalizedToken>
|
|
are difficult to characterize because some species bear no distinguishing enlarged chalazae or scoli or other features and thus resemble some taxa of other
|
|
<taxonomicName lsidName="" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" rank="subfamily" subfamily="Smiliinae">Smiliinae</taxonomicName>
|
|
tribes and even other subfamilies.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
<caption pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
<paragraph pageId="6" pageNumber="71">
|
|
Figures 42-53. Amastrine anterior views. 42
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris elevata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="elevata">Amastris elevata</taxonomicName>
|
|
43
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris exigua" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="exigua">Amastris exigua</taxonomicName>
|
|
44
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris obtegens" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="obtegens">Amastris obtegens</taxonomicName>
|
|
45
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 1 46
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 2 47
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 3 48
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 4 49
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Amastris" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Amastris" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Amastris</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 5 50
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Bajulata" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Bajulata bajula" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="bajula">Bajulata bajula</taxonomicName>
|
|
51
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Erosne" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Erosne" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Erosne</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. exuvia 52
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Harmonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harmonides reticulata" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="reticulata">Harmonides reticulata</taxonomicName>
|
|
53
|
|
<taxonomicName class="Insecta" family="Membracidae" genus="Harmonides" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" lsidName="Harmonides" order="Hemiptera" pageId="6" pageNumber="71" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">Harmonides</taxonomicName>
|
|
sp. 1.
|
|
</paragraph>
|
|
</caption>
|
|
</subSubSection>
|
|
</treatment>
|
|
</document> |