178 lines
20 KiB
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178 lines
20 KiB
XML
<document id="95A9416231BA8E343F92F59675362D99" ID-DOI="http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.2" ID-GBIF-Dataset="e7e4f349-2d92-4848-a7a6-e61ce29bd0c7" ID-ISSN="1175-5326" ID-ZooBank="EDF9E69E-7898-4CF8-B447-EFF646FE3B44" checkinTime="1447312844506" checkinUser="donat" docAuthor="Taylor, Robert W." docDate="2015" docId="232E11751E7CFFD2FF085CA9FD0D35A0" docLanguage="en" docName="29626.pdf" docOrigin="Zootaxa 3911 (4)" docTitle="Myrmecia imaii Taylor, 2015, sp.n." docType="treatment" docVersion="6" lastPageNumber="519" masterDocId="DF17690D1E64FFC8FF9F5C3EFFA23574" masterDocTitle="Ants with Attitude: Australian Jack-jumpers of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex, with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)" masterLastPageNumber="520" masterPageNumber="493" pageNumber="517" updateTime="1732488780875" updateUser="ExternalLinkService">
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<mods:title id="0C400E3A2638D6806C6A4357CE61F09A">Ants with Attitude: Australian Jack-jumpers of the Myrmecia pilosula species complex, with descriptions of four new species (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: Myrmeciinae)</mods:title>
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<mods:roleTerm id="929E7810DB94921B739B7460DED4B5DF">Author</mods:roleTerm>
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<mods:namePart id="E19CF129226B606F76453FDBFC44C41A">Taylor, Robert W.</mods:namePart>
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<mods:title id="365E96F9F113F72E95F6F1E544D2F7C3">Zootaxa</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="D09EF198B0A663B6DCE49105D015B343">
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<mods:date id="D8469DA0ADB41163C6C1756A3E801035">2015</mods:date>
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<mods:detail id="0D0DE91452397F004A908A061E34224A" type="volume">
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<mods:number id="F2224C1DC82D23BA45DB3075297F5112">3911</mods:number>
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<mods:detail id="91F78CBFAA6A652F5A3148DAB7296475" type="issue">
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<mods:number id="D3AF25A93835AD1D70104C0851856C40">4</mods:number>
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<mods:classification id="F63490ECFDF0D542F9FA4420EC028F1A">journal article</mods:classification>
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<mods:identifier id="8B279CE7352EABD6DC653B3444FF5678" type="DOI">http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3911.4.2</mods:identifier>
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<mods:identifier id="27ED6592C0CF5A591C75C2439ECF257A" type="ISSN">1175-5326</mods:identifier>
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<treatment id="232E11751E7CFFD2FF085CA9FD0D35A0" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.6093833" ID-GBIF-Taxon="114926068" ID-Zenodo-Dep="6093833" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:232E11751E7CFFD2FF085CA9FD0D35A0" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/232E11751E7CFFD2FF085CA9FD0D35A0" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" scope_family="Formicidae" scope_order="Hymenoptera" scope_subFamily="Myrmeciinae">
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF085CA9FE3A35C5" box="[151,408,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="nomenclature">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF085CA9FE3A35C5" box="[151,408,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<heading id="F070170F1E7CFFD0FF085CA9FE3A35C5" bold="true" box="[151,408,151,177]" fontSize="11" level="1" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" reason="1">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF085CA9FE3A35C5" bold="true" box="[151,408,151,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FF085CA9FEF435C5" ID-CoL="CMC78" box="[151,342,151,177]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii" status="sp.n.">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF085CA9FEF435C5" bold="true" box="[151,342,151,177]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Myrmecia imaii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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<taxonomicNameLabel id="82C0C10A1E7CFFD0FEC25CA6FE3A35C5" box="[349,408,152,177]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" rank="species">sp.n.</taxonomicNameLabel>
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</emphasis>
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</heading>
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF085C84FE8535A7" box="[151,295,186,211]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF085C84FE8535A7" box="[151,295,186,211]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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(
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<figureCitation id="33BCBCE61E7CFFD0FF005C84FEBC35A7" box="[159,286,186,211]" captionStart="FIGURES 19 – 21" captionStartId="25.[151,263,1951,1972]" captionTargetBox="[262,1323,193,1928]" captionTargetId="figure@25.[262,1324,193,1929]" captionTargetPageId="25" captionText="FIGURES 19 – 21. Myrmecia imaii, Holotype, N of Denmark, WA. Standard views. HW 2.68 mm, WL 3.90 mm, PW 1.63 mm." pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Figs 19–21</figureCitation>
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)
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF085CC0FD84344D" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="distribution">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF085CC0FD84344D" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FF085CC0FEEE3461" box="[151,332,254,277]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF085CC0FEEE3461" box="[151,332,254,277]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Myrmecia imaii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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is known only from extreme southwest WA: south and SE of Perth, east to Esperance, seldom more than a few km from the coast.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF585D7BFD6D367E" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="materials_examined">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585D7BFC653429" box="[199,967,324,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585D7BFEC73429" bold="true" box="[199,357,324,349]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Type locality.</emphasis>
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North of Denmark, Western Australia (-34 8, 117 21).
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585D57FC7C34D0" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585D57FE2934F5" bold="true" box="[199,395,360,385]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Type deposition.</emphasis>
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Holotype and paratypes in ANIC, paratypes or type-compared vouchers in AMSA, MVMA, QMBA, SAMA, WAMA, TMHA) and in BMNH, CASC, MCZC, MHNG.
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</paragraph>
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585D91FD6D367E" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585D91FDE934BC" bold="true" box="[199,587,431,456]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Material examined, distribution.</emphasis>
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Known only from extreme southwest WESTERN AUSTRALIA: Albany (- 34.59.290, 117.42.246) SB, Oct 2006; TG, 7/ii/1947; Denmark (-34.50.032, 117.24.430) SB, Oct 2006; TG, 7/xi/ 1947; N. Solomon, 23/i/1935 (MVMA); 11 mi. N of Denmark [-34 50, 117 24±11km], 24/x/1969, RWT; N of Denmark (Type Locality) HI89–005 –007, HI89–009, HI91–001–003, 0 0 5, 008; W of Denmark HI91–008; Esperance (-33.51.540 121.51.025) SB, Oct 2006; Esperance Airport, near Gibson [-33 39, 121 49], HTI&RWT; Jakkawilla (-34.38.256 118.2243), SB Oct 2006; Keynton, near Mount Mehniup [-34 58, 117 1], 28/ix/1969, RWT; 10mi. E of Nornalup, (-34 59, 116 49), 17/ii/1958, EFR; Porongurup National Park (-34.40.32, 117.52.164) 24/x/ 1969, 60m, RWT (accs 69/403, 407, 408); Porongurup Range [-34 41, 117 53], HI91–005; Telegraph Hill/ Dempster Head [-33 53, 121 54], HTI&RWT; N of Walpole [-34 59, 116 44], 350m, 25/x/1969, RWT. JACP records may be identified above by their HI codes.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF585F2BFD8436C8" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585F2BFD8436C8" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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This is the species recorded as
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FDAD5F28FC8C3659" box="[562,814,789,813]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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Promyrmecia
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FD4C5F2BFC8C3659" box="[723,814,789,813]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosula">pilosula</taxonomicName>
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</emphasis>
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by Clark (1951) from Albany (confirmed by MVMA voucher specimens), Denmark and Mundaring [-31 54, 116 10], the last locality extends the range indicated by the above records, and was a prime collecting site to Clark (who collected ants widely in the south-west, where he resided for many years). He commented that this species “is quite common in Albany and surrounding district, but it is rare further north” (1951: 204).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF585FF6FC1D313F" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="diagnosis">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585FF6FC1D313F" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585FF6FE0A3694" bold="true" box="[199,424,967,992]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Worker diagnosis.</emphasis>
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General features as illustrated and in key couplets 1–4 above. The brassy cephalic pubescence is more diffuse and less evident than in
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FD675FD2FCC83170" box="[760,874,1003,1028]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="banksi">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FD675FD2FCC83170" box="[760,874,1003,1028]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M. banksi</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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, and the middle and hind tibiae are consistently medium to dark brown, with the tarsi a shade lighter. Local identification remains straightforward as long as
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FAE2582EFF73313F" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FAE2582EFF73313F" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M. imaii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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remains the only species of the
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FDA7580AFD1A313F" box="[568,696,1075,1099]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosula">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FDA7580AFDED313F" box="[568,591,1076,1099]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FDC1580DFD1A313F" box="[606,696,1075,1099]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">pilosula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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complex found in WA.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF585868FA3131C2" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585868FA3131C2" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585868FEFB311B" bold="true" box="[199,345,1110,1135]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Dimensions.</emphasis>
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(Holotype, smallest paratype, largest paratype (mm): TL = ca 13.40, 12.00, 14.46; HW = 2.68, 2.32, 2.79; HL = 2.49, 2.16, 2.59; CI = 107, 107, 107; EL = 0.99, 0.88, 1.01; OI = 37, 38, 36; SL = 2.15, 1.93, 2.17; SI = 80, 83, 77; PW = 1.63, 1.43, 1.70; WL = 3.90, 3.33, 4.06; PetW = 1.07, 0.85, 1.08; PpetW = 1.64, 1.27, 1.65.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF5858FDFDE33031" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="etymology">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF5858FDFDE33031" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF5858FDFEEF31AE" bold="true" box="[199,333,1219,1242]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Etymology.</emphasis>
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Named for Hirotami T. Imai celebrating long friendship; to commend his leadership of the JACP project, his distinguished research on the karyology of
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FC9B58D9FCD7318A" box="[772,885,1255,1278]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="genus">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FC9B58D9FCD7318A" box="[772,885,1255,1278]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Myrmecia</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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species and other ants, his important “Minimum Interaction Hypothesis” for the evolution of chromosome numbers in animals and his productive stewardship of the Japanese Ant Database Group (2003).
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD0FF58596BFEFE336B" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="description">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF58596BFEFE336B" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF58596BFEE83018" bold="true" box="[199,330,1365,1388]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Karyology.</emphasis>
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The basic karyotype, 2K=6A +2A m(2n=8) differs strongly from those of other species reviewed above. Two independent AM inversions on chromosomes 1 and 2 were described in detail by Imai, Taylor
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FAFD5946FA3F30E4" box="[1378,1437,1399,1424]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
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(1994: 146,
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<figureCitation id="33BCBCE61E7CFFD0FEBB59A5FEFD30C0" box="[292,351,1435,1460]" captionStart="FIGURES 4 – 6" captionStartId="9.[151,263,1955,1976]" captionTargetBox="[278,1308,193,1931]" captionTargetId="figure@9.[278,1308,193,1932]" captionTargetPageId="9" captionText="FIGURES 4 – 6. Myrmecia banksi, Holotype, South Nowra, NSW. Standard views. HW 2.66 mm, WL 3.86 mm, PW 1.72 mm." pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Fig 5</figureCitation>
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c–g). Complicated chromosome polymorphisms accompanying chromosome number reduction (2n=8>7> 6) by AM inversion, centric fission and centric fusion were also observed between chromosomes 1L and 4 and between chromosomes IS and 3. Despite this complexity the authors considered all examined specimens to be conspecific.
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</paragraph>
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</subSubSection>
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<subSubSection id="E39DF3E81E7CFFD2FF585A14FD0D35A0" lastPageId="26" lastPageNumber="519" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" type="discussion">
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<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7CFFD0FF585A14FBB7329B" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF585A14FEEE3337" bold="true" box="[199,332,1578,1603]" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">Discussion.</emphasis>
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All records of
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FE625A15FDFC3336" box="[509,606,1579,1602]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FE625A15FDFC3336" box="[509,606,1579,1602]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M. imaii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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are from the “High Rainfall” and “SE Coastal Provinces” of the “South Western Australian Floristic Region” defined by Hopper and Gioia (2004) and Hopper
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FB075A71FB773312" box="[1176,1237,1613,1638]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
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(1996). Heterick (2009) reported the species from the recognized Botanical Districts of Esperance Plains, Jarrah Forest, Mallee and Warren. The fact that its relatives at species-complex level are of eastern Australian provenance implies that Jackjumpers must previously have ranged or dispersed across southern Australia. The
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FBAE5A84FB3233A5" box="[1073,1168,1722,1745]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FBAE5A84FB3233A5" box="[1073,1168,1722,1745]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M. imaii</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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progenitors were likely first geographically isolated in the west by incursion of inhospitable arid habitat across the early Nullarbor Plain, which is variously estimated to have occurred between 50 and 30 million years ago (Frakes, 1999; Nelson, 1996). The
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FF545B1BFEEE3248" box="[203,332,1828,1852]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosula">
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF545B1BFF403248" box="[203,226,1829,1852]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M</emphasis>
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.
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FF6D5B1AFEEE3248" box="[242,332,1828,1852]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">pilosula</emphasis>
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</taxonomicName>
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clade must therefore have originated no later than early Oligocene. This argument precludes the (unlikely?) possibility that Jack-jumper stock reached Southwest WA from the east since Oligocene times by a later dispersal event across increasingly-extending unsupportive Nullarbor habitat, and fully accords with well-accepted current hypotheses regarding the origins and isolation of the exceptional, highly endemic southwestern WA flora (see Hopper and Gioia, 2004; Hopper
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<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FDC95B8AFD3032B8" box="[598,658,1971,1996]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">et al.</emphasis>
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1996). The closest contemporary geographical records of a related eastern species are those of
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<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7CFFD0FE515BE6FDEC329B" box="[462,590,2007,2031]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="24" pageNumber="517" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="pilosula">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F37C711E7CFFD0FE515BE6FDEC329B" box="[462,590,2007,2031]" italics="true" pageId="24" pageNumber="517">M. pilosula</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
in South Australia east of Spencer Gulf.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
<caption id="FFF8F0EB1E7DFFD1FF085BA1FA3E32C1" box="[151,1436,1951,1973]" pageId="25" pageNumber="518" targetBox="[262,1323,193,1928]" targetPageId="25">
|
||
<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7DFFD1FF085BA1FA3E32C1" box="[151,1436,1951,1973]" pageId="25" pageNumber="518">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F37C711E7DFFD1FF085BA1FEF132C0" bold="true" box="[151,339,1951,1972]" pageId="25" pageNumber="518">FIGURES 19–21.</emphasis>
|
||
<taxonomicName id="6C87DBE01E7DFFD1FEC65B9EFE5B32C1" box="[345,505,1952,1973]" class="Insecta" family="Formicidae" genus="Myrmecia" higherTaxonomySource="CoL" kingdom="Animalia" order="Hymenoptera" pageId="25" pageNumber="518" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="imaii">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F37C711E7DFFD1FEC65B9EFE5B32C1" box="[345,505,1952,1973]" italics="true" pageId="25" pageNumber="518">Myrmecia imaii</emphasis>
|
||
</taxonomicName>
|
||
, Holotype, N of Denmark, WA. Standard views. HW 2.68 mm, WL 3.90 mm, PW 1.63 mm.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</caption>
|
||
<paragraph id="AB38A0631E7EFFD2FF585CA6FD0D35A0" pageId="26" pageNumber="519">
|
||
<emphasis id="99F37C711E7EFFD2FF585CA6FE1B35C4" bold="true" box="[199,441,152,176]" pageId="26" pageNumber="519">Research prospects.</emphasis>
|
||
Sociobiological and genetical investigation of this long-time geographically-isolated species,
|
||
<emphasis id="99F37C711E7EFFD2FF6A5C83FE9F35A0" box="[245,317,189,212]" italics="true" pageId="26" pageNumber="519">versus</emphasis>
|
||
its eastern relatives, is desirable.
|
||
</paragraph>
|
||
</subSubSection>
|
||
</treatment>
|
||
</document> |