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<document id="5C6EDFD71826571D76044464448F35A3" ID-DOI="10.3897/asp.82.e112587" ID-ZooBank="CB81B265-46A0-4247-A2F2-C9AC2394BC4E" ID-publisher-id="112587" URI-arpha="E54D30EB-4688-54F3-9F8B-C2351EFB7165" URI-zoobank="http://zoobank.org/CB81B265-46A0-4247-A2F2-C9AC2394BC4E" XM.bibliography_approvedBy="admin" XM.materialsCitations_approvedBy="admin" XM.taxonomicNames_approvedBy="admin" XM.treatments_approvedBy="admin" article-type="research-article" checkinTime="1716297392854" checkinUser="pensoft" docAuthor="Vilarino, Albane &amp; Calor, Adolfo R." docDate="2024" docId="20394F3D460E598F925A6D2783FED185" docLanguage="en" docName="Arthropod Systematics &amp; Phylogeny 82: 407-431" docOrigin="Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny 82" docSource="https://arthropod-systematics.arphahub.com/article/112587/download/xml/" docStyle="DocumentStyle:PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docStyleName="PensoftTaxPub.0000.journal_article.generic" docTitle="Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla Vilarino &amp; Calor 2024, sp. nov." docType="treatment" docVersion="3" dtd-version="3.0" lastPageNumber="431" masterDocId="E54D30EB468854F39F8BC2351EFB7165" masterDocTitle="Comparative geometric morphometrics of male genitalia in Xiphocentron subgenera (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae): new species, revision and phylogenetic systematics of the subgenus Sphagocentron" masterLastPageNumber="431" masterPageNumber="407" pageNumber="407" updateTime="1716324065396" updateUser="admin">
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<mods:title id="82C0F58F09C7CACE4FBC0C1BB7EDF585">Comparative geometric morphometrics of male genitalia in Xiphocentron subgenera (Trichoptera: Xiphocentronidae): new species, revision and phylogenetic systematics of the subgenus Sphagocentron</mods:title>
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<mods:name id="D741A707398B1505AC21B89F5E1A28CE" type="personal">
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<mods:namePart id="8BF1EACF34712869C7C76DFF8465F276">Vilarino, Albane</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="2FD2C0DB9F9646CA99D5207E2DF3B7BC" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3912-8928</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="AA1F13BB4A7E36BF799C7B901AD9DA93">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:namePart id="CFA3BB2F9812E17AA7826B7A15D6648D">Calor, Adolfo R.</mods:namePart>
<mods:nameIdentifier id="3ABCD8710D348AB641DEF637073C8D5F" type="ORCID">0000-0003-3975-3176</mods:nameIdentifier>
<mods:affiliation id="A2E10ADC70509257635716AD2A2E1810">Universidade Federal da Bahia, Instituto de Biologia, Laboratório de Entomologia Aquática, Salvador, Bahia, Brazil</mods:affiliation>
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<mods:title id="3B82D851A941E961B2D29957E697F94E">Arthropod Systematics &amp; amp; Phylogeny</mods:title>
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<mods:part id="841A32E50081DE09C8483E65C5EE0BFA">
<mods:date id="F0A7E76731EB32415D1F76B4A04DC25F">2024</mods:date>
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<treatment id="20394F3D460E598F925A6D2783FED185" ID-DOI="http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11235540" ID-Zenodo-Dep="11235540" ID-arpha="20394F3D-460E-598F-925A-6D2783FED185" ID-zoobank="https://zoobank.org/DA100D11-3CF9-4230-A260-F8473F14A762" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20394F3D460E598F925A6D2783FED185" LSID-ZBK="urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DA100D11-3CF9-4230-A260-F8473F14A762" httpUri="http://treatment.plazi.org/id/20394F3D460E598F925A6D2783FED185">
<subSubSection id="B0E926F10D8D23EAD65FAE52EA0AF58D" type="nomenclature">
<paragraph id="BB95E18F50007DCC6B72C9CB5C2DB267">
<taxonomicName id="12C8866A70EF0FDFB2FE7FFBD61EF88D" authority="Vilarino &amp; Calor, 2024" authorityName="Vilarino &amp; Calor" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuxtla" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sphagocentron">
<emphasis id="14EE5D67653553720E8C6F9A65DAAEF2" italics="true">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="16AB84EC9967FAA7C5C8E086FA115F70" italics="true">Sphagocentron</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="5F1C9D35DE3C00A76E7FED9B8D307B74" italics="true">tuxtla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<taxonomicNameLabel id="0975C8C34411D97B906CE7F6895F7EF1" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="E73BAF810676948B09E020BC3D84111D" type="description">
<paragraph id="2F35B8B832EA2EFFD3D94B55C3DF352B">
<figureCitation id="F6FD0F50192FBA222B8D9C6C58707D18" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">Figures 12 A D</figureCitation>
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0E5LBI" type="type material">
<paragraph id="817618E40F57CEC887C67568F2BD1DC8">
<heading id="C73AF7FD8BB8CDE80FB4C1FEAAA99EB1" reason="title">Type material.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="CCA0357A90EB0F7B3B2C4B7A8C3FBA27">
<materialsCitation id="DDA7DD72FE56BFB33D86AB9B969B9459" collectingDate="1981-05-04" collectingDateMax="1981-05-14" collectingDateMin="1981-05-04" collectionCode="USNMENT" collectorName="C. M. &amp; O. S. Flint Jr" country="Mexico" location="Maquinas river" municipality="Los Tuxtlas area" specimenCode="USNMENT 01518157" specimenCount="1" specimenCount-male="1" stateProvince="MEXICO" typeStatus="holotype">
<emphasis id="BBDF6B71D9EC2900354A2CE9D6D886AC" bold="true">
<typeStatus id="7AC8D91C50832C7BC743E4CAE2E61608" type="holotype">Holotype</typeStatus>
</emphasis>
<collectingCountry id="8F5ADF9CF7138F00103A9CE0500D47B7" country="Mexico" name="Mexico">MEXICO</collectingCountry>
<specimenCount id="A2B65883067DB715426FF01F72492069" count="1" type="male"></specimenCount>
;
<collectingRegion id="4F1F5DDBAE0D2A2347B04367622D0519" country="Mexico" name="Veracruz de Ignacio de la Llave">Veracruz</collectingRegion>
;
<collectingMunicipality id="F353A12ED598DFEF365754AA69A231AD">Los Tuxtlas area</collectingMunicipality>
,
<location id="50B27D39BCB797CB831B743BE26CDE2C" LSID="urn:lsid:plazi:treatment:20394F3D460E598F925A6D2783FED185:50B27D39BCB797CB831B743BE26CDE2C" municipality="Los Tuxtlas area" name="Maquinas river" stateProvince="MEXICO">Maquinas river</location>
<date id="A894C3C0EAF1A1FEE59B0369F7122270" value="1981-05-04" valueMax="1981-05-14" valueMin="1981-05-04">
<collectingDate id="6ED475D67BE2A27FF5D7290D572BCD1E" value="1981-05-04" valueMax="1981-05-14" valueMin="1981-05-04">414. v. 1981</collectingDate>
</date>
,
<collectorName id="C6AD60E300F5276A8923839B38B46196">C. M.</collectorName>
and
<collectorName id="31F603D5433220478FC3F554E5EA1B99">O. S. Flint Jr</collectorName>
leg.,
<ext-link id="C310D7BD11D06A8C6251B59F1454A19A" ext-link-type="uri" xlink_href="https://mbd-db.osu.edu/hol/search_results?&amp;search_type=fast&amp;q=USNMENTUSNMENT01518157" xlink_type="simple">
<specimenCode id="027B1CFCF76749139AA8419ED4BAFC00">USNMENT 01518157</specimenCode>
</ext-link>
</materialsCitation>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERMBI" type="diagnosis">
<paragraph id="1691063A2956BEE343F8ED1AD17B29D5">
<heading id="85C6DFF8165E1FE4BD66FD498FDE4917" reason="title">Diagnosis.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="803FB8865DE711511B7039BAD9DE338A">
The new species is most similar to
<taxonomicName id="4FE6EE07D876D921C449DE987CAA5E7A" authority="Vilarino &amp; Calor, 2024" authorityName="Vilarino &amp; Calor" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="guanacaste" status="sp. nov.">
<emphasis id="5DC28899A3DF3F1194D7F6763ABB04EE" italics="true">Xiphocentron guanacaste</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="0C1F3B724EEF23D6B9D03ABD0A22ED7F" bold="true">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FD712C89761AC8631E386300DB73FE54" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
by having the sternum IX posterior margin with a deep mesal incision forming two prominent lobes and is similar to
<taxonomicName id="54FD2A9FFBBD0F2D7E6B36587607FC2C" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="julus">
<emphasis id="3F3A39D4B15685608BCD265F32F1B926" italics="true">X. julus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
and
<taxonomicName id="73EBABD41EE916FF4A138B5654231BF1" authorityName="Schmid" authorityYear="1982" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="evandrus">
<emphasis id="CE81C6EBC6711EF8858DDD92F87DF6F4" italics="true">X. evandrus</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
by the paraproct shape without the round apicodorsal margin. The species can be diagnosed from this and other congeners mainly by: (1) the shape of tergum IX with the posterior margin with wide subtruncate lobes slightly divergent, (2) the inferior appendage with sparser spine-like setae at the proximal region, and the combination of (3) the sternum IX posterior margin forming prominent mesal projections divided by a narrow incision, (4) the paraproct in lateral view truncate without round apicodorsal lobe and (5) the preanal appendage subapically wide.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EAOBI" type="description">
<paragraph id="3BF2610DE41C7A0E22C6D5CF092B094E">
<heading id="17BF913709027DF3F1A0C6A34C2C0F68" reason="title">Description.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="928167C6FBBCBFE092D4457CDDC37311">
<emphasis id="06E5350B59850F5C13C533F867B8700C" bold="true" italics="true">Male</emphasis>
: Forewing length 4.0 mm (n = 1). Color overall pale brown, forewing overall dark brown (in alcohol). Maxillary palp segment length formula (I = II = III) &lt;IV &lt;V. Tibial spur formula 2: 4: 3; spurs unmodified. Forewing forks II and IV present, fork II sessile at discoidal cell; discoidal half as long as thyridial cell. Hind wing forks II and V present. Sternum V with anterolateral reticulated region.
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EF7038BBB9CB08E70BBEEB7D430B259E">
Genitalia (Fig.
<figureCitation id="94F38D4D1DB916727683504C477725B6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A D</figureCitation>
). Tergum IX, in lateral view, wide basally, narrowing apically (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F2F6B619AC3F1175D223C2AD4C01530" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, anterior margin straight with mesal concave line; posterior margin with wide subtruncate lobes and narrow deep mesal incision (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F19B247DE9A8E7C839C4D464E88E5AB4" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 B</figureCitation>
). Sternum IX, in lateral view, about 3 × as long as high, apex truncate; anterior apodeme narrow, straight, tapering to narrow flange (Fig.
<figureCitation id="7F4233E93D3E351654B9D353F06A76E8" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); in ventral view, about 1.5 × as long as wide, posterior margin with prominent, acute, mesal lobes devided by narrow incision (Fig.
<figureCitation id="198939FCF2AAEBE7F1506F2D5020831F" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 C</figureCitation>
). Tergum X membranous fused basodorsally to each paraproct. Paraproct, in lateral view, oblong, dorsoapically truncate, without round lobe, with narrow, ventral lobe (Fig.
<figureCitation id="3823ECA1491FF593744354FCCB604DA9" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, wide basally, divided apicomesally, each side partially fused at midlenght, without clear sclerotized mesal band, apex with several sensillae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FA2559BA86050BEBB8BE2A0DDDACB1C2" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 B</figureCitation>
). Preanal appendage setose, in lateral view about 2 × as long as tergum IX, straight to slightly sigmoid, distal half wide, tapering to acute apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="F67A165475DC3F1DB53FE277238EC437" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); in dorsal view, substraight, tapering apically (Fig.
<figureCitation id="1D06056874BD8B3AC45F54902ED30044" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 B</figureCitation>
). Inferior appendage, in lateral view, about 2.5 × as long as tergum IX; coxopodite and harpago fused, with dorsal suture line between each article, inner face with longitudinal line of setae, area of dense, long spine-like setae, and row of regular setae from midlenght to apex (Fig.
<figureCitation id="FB38D5E6D65866FDF191AA4E07FF1152" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); basal region (coxopodite) wide, without basomesal spine-like setae, mesal sclerite region with dense, longer spine-like setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="321491E5B3DB9EE698939D6AF17EFFE6" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); apical region (harpago) in lateral view narrow, digitate, 1.5 × as long as basal region, inner face with longitudinal line of setae (Fig.
<figureCitation id="065D84E8BEFB0BAAF566178D0F1B60BF" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
); basal plate in lateral view wide, anteriorly with narrow flange (Fig.
<figureCitation id="2644AD5E22AD14D8348E6CA0EA85F1C3" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 A</figureCitation>
). Phallus tubular, very long and narrow, reaching segment V; basally conical, subapically annulate, weakly sclerotized; apex slightly enlarged (Fig.
<figureCitation id="85B6B44016B486E0A82C69FB4C3B4D2E" captionStart="Figure 12" captionStartId="F12" captionText="Figure 12. Xiphocentron (Sphagocentron) tuxtla sp. nov. Holotype (USNM), male. Genitalia: A left lateral, B dorsal, C ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm." figureDoi="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151">12 D</figureCitation>
).
</paragraph>
<caption id="3AE0AA6C3F4EF20063420B4253D5F2ED" ID-DOI="10.3897/asp.82.e112587.figure12" ID-arpha="46EC7757-AC5B-56A2-8261-A847591E0CAB" httpUri="https://binary.pensoft.net/fig/1053151" startId="F12">
<paragraph id="877715BCCC8BFD9819A6F2DE22CE685E">
<label id="CF6A8A91C942D22F57C8A2BCDF6C8D43">Figure 12.</label>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="EA044661C52E6BD3E8EDC6A501516CA6">
<taxonomicName id="9C216595F7C5DC65E9434F571BAFA611" authority="Vilarino &amp; Calor, 2024" authorityName="Vilarino &amp; Calor" authorityYear="2024" class="Insecta" family="Xiphocentronidae" genus="Xiphocentron" kingdom="Animalia" order="Trichoptera" phylum="Arthropoda" rank="species" species="tuxtla" status="sp. nov." subGenus="Sphagocentron">
<emphasis id="4D89C3CD9B2996C6FACFA15A6D5898D7" italics="true">Xiphocentron</emphasis>
(
<emphasis id="12CF70C516EC700164BBA0834D061985" italics="true">Sphagocentron</emphasis>
)
<emphasis id="DD7F271AEE5315B971CBE355BF8C94A5" italics="true">tuxtla</emphasis>
</taxonomicName>
<emphasis id="4D2D5BD46633E3AECFEBADD6DC63591F" bold="true">
<taxonomicNameLabel id="FA9C6D07771637A96424EEE915CC2D45" rank="species">sp. nov.</taxonomicNameLabel>
</emphasis>
Holotype (
<named-content id="B9A5B301730B31991F6286401D01207E" content-type="dwc:institutional_code" xlink_href="http://grbio.org/institution/smithsonian-institution-national-museum-natural-history-0" xlink_title="National Museum of Natural History, Washington">USNM</named-content>
), male. Genitalia:
<emphasis id="A4D39EE023E0B52C0FBC48CA2E861A94" bold="true">A</emphasis>
left lateral,
<emphasis id="136CEFA2D2F871DCF0E253EDC374E457" bold="true">B</emphasis>
dorsal,
<emphasis id="39786B091E09DE27EF7623500FFCBC17" bold="true">C</emphasis>
ventral. Scale bar 0.1 mm.
</paragraph>
</caption>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0EMRBI" type="etymology">
<paragraph id="0AE94D95C3DDB0767FCFD1E185E8FAF0">
<heading id="60A3BA39630130FFE3EE02B1804DD8F9" reason="title">Etymology.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="B4E7511F604F7C67007381B5E5C98547">
Name in apposition; named after the
<typeStatus id="955FA872C7050B05E1E14E0F0C7AF2E6">type</typeStatus>
locality, tuxtla comes from the nahuatl language: tochtlán, meaning place of rabbits.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
<subSubSection id="SECID0ERRBI" type="distribution">
<paragraph id="34C7A0D9A016357521D84C4945ABDA7B">
<heading id="EB4F54ACB65F322840A60A455EEA802A" reason="title">Distribution.</heading>
</paragraph>
<paragraph id="7253E105B5AE3A6D011FCE0C802AE401">
<collectingCountry id="19FBE20AF741CA41B693DD7BED70C9BE" name="Mexico">Mexico</collectingCountry>
.
</paragraph>
</subSubSection>
</treatment>
</document>